NKURIKIYEYEZU v NGOBOKA

NKURIKIYEYEZU v NGOBOKA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RCAA 00039/2024/CA (Kamere, P.J.) 06 Werurwe 2026] Amategeko agenga imiburinishirize y’imanza - Imanza z’imbonezamubano – ubujurire bwa kabiri – Gutsindwa hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe - Mu kumenya niba umuntu yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, ntihagomba kurebwa gusa amagambo cyangwa umubare w’ibimenyetso byatanzwe, ahubwo hagomba kurebwa: icyaburanwaga; imitekerereze ya buri Rukiko (raisonnement juridique); impamvu buri Rukiko rwashingiyeho kugira ngo rugere ku mwanzuro; niba ikibazo cyaburanwe mu rwego rwa mbere ari cyo cyongeye kuburanwa mu bujurire; niba inkiko zombi zaragisubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ku wa 18/09/2018, Ngoboka James na Nkurikiyeyezu Michel bagiranye amasezerano yiswe ay’ubugure bw’inzu iri mu kibanza gifite UPI 1/03/10/01/296, ku giciro cya 20.000.000 Frw, bivugwa ko ayo mafaranga yishyuwe ako kanya. Nyuma y’ubugure, Ngoboka James yashatse ko Nkurikiyeyezu amukorera ihererekanyamutungo ariko ntiyamubona, maze amujyana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge asaba ko inzu yandikwa kuri we. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko ikirego cya Ngoboka gifite ishingiro, rutegeka ko iyo nzu imwandikwaho. Nkurikiyeyezu yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko amasezerano y’ubugure atari yo yari hagati yabo, ahubwo ko yari yarahaye Ngoboka amafaranga nk’inguzanyo, kandi ko amasezerano y’ubugure yakozwe mu buriganya. Urukiko Rukuru rwatesheje agaciro ubujurire bwe, rwemeza ko icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rwisumbuye kidahindutse. Nkurikiyeyezu yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ariko Ngoboka atanga inzitizi avuga ko ubwo ari ubujurire bwa kabiri ku mpamvu zimwe, bityo bukaba butakirwa. Nkurikiyeyezu yasabye ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwakira ubujurire bwe, avuga ashingiye ku kuba agaciro k’ikiburanwa ari 108.756.990 Frw n’agaciro k’umutungo kabarwa mu gihe watezwa cyamunara ari 76.129.555 Frw bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 52(4) y’Itegeko nº 30/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko. Ku bijyanye n’inzitizi yatanzwe na Ngoboka, Nkurikiyeyezu yavuze ko atari yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Yashimangiye cyane ko mu rwego rwa mbere yaburanishijwe adahari, ko atahawe umwanya wo kwiregura, ko atigeze yemera amasezerano y’ubugure ndetse no mu bujurire yari yasabye ko ayo masezerano aseswa/ateshwa agaciro. Ngoboka yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha, ashingiye ku ngingo ya 52(3) y’Itegeko nº 30/2018, avuga ko ubujurire bwa Nkurikiyeyezu butakirwa kuko: Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwanzuye ko inkiko zombi zabanje zasesenguye mu buryo bumwe (raisonnement juridique), maze zishingira ku kuba Nkurikiyeyezu yarasinye amasezerano y’ubugure yo ku wa 18/09/2018. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubujurire bwe bwa kabiri ntibukwiye kwakirwa.

Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu kumenya niba umuntu yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, ntihagomba kurebwa gusa amagambo cyangwa umubare w’ibimenyetso byatanzwe, ahubwo hagomba kurebwa: icyaburanwaga; imitekerereze ya buri Rukiko (raisonnement juridique); impamvu buri Rukiko rwashingiyeho kugira ngo rugere ku mwanzuro; niba ikibazo cyaburanwe mu rwego rwa mbere ari cyo cyongeye kuburanwa mu bujurire; niba inkiko zombi zaragisubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Inzitizi yatanzwe yo kutakira ubujurire bwa kabiri, ifite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena Ububasha bw’Inkiko, ingingo ya 52; Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111. Imanza zifashishijwe: RCA/RCAA 0051/14/CS, RRA v SECAM Ltd, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2015; RCOMAA 0038/16/CS – RCOMAA 0033/2016/SC, Bank of Kigali Plc v MULISA KANA Martin, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017; RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC, Road Solution Pavement Product Ltd v MAILCO Ltd, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/09/2020; RS/INJUST/RCOM 00003/2020/SC, SANLAM AG Plc AG Ltd v University of Rwanda, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/11/2020. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y′URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 18/09/2018, Ngoboka James yagiranye na Nkurikiyeyezu Michel amasezerano bise ay’ubugure bw’inzu ibaruwe kuri UPI: 1/03/10/01/296, iherereye mu Mudugudu wa Kabagendwa, Akagari ka Kamashashi, Umurenge wa Nyarugunga, Akarere ka Kicukiro, Umujyi wa Kigali, aho bavuze ko bumvikanye igiciro kingana na 20.000.000 Frw yishyuwe ako kanya. Ngoboka James avuga ko icyatumye yiyambaza inzira y’inkiko ari uko nyuma yo kugura iyo nzu yashatse Nkurikiyeyezu Michel ngo amukorere ihererekanyamutungo akamubura, maze amurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, arusaba kwemeza ko yandikwaho iyo nzu yaguze na Nkurikiyeyezu Michel. [2] Nkurikiyeyezu Michel yaburanishijwe adahari kuko atitabye nta mpamvu yamenyesheje Urukiko yamubujije kwitaba, kandi yari yaritabiriye inama ntegurarubanza yabaye ku wa 04/01/2022. [3] Ku wa 09/06/2022, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaciye urubanza nº RC 00374/2021/TGI/NYGE, rwemeza ko ikirego cya Ngoboka James gifite ishingiro, ko Ngoboka James agomba kwandikwaho umutungo ugizwe n’inzu yabaruwe kuri UPI: 1/03/10/03/296, iherereye mu Mudugudu wa Kabagendwa, Akagali ka Kamashashi, Umurenge wa Nyarugunga,

Akarere ka Kicukiro, Umujyi wa Kigali, yaguze na Nkurikiyeyezu Michel uwanditsweho, ko Nkurikiyeyezu Michel aha Ngoboka James 550.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, ko Nkurikiyeyezu Michel asubiza Ngoboka James 20.000 Frw y’amagarama y’urubanza yatanze arega. [4] Nkurikiyeyezu Michel yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko urubanza nº RC 00374/2021/TGI/NYGE rwaburanishijwe atarigeze arutumirwamo bigatuma adahabwa umwanya wo kwiregura, akaba asanga Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaremeje ko yagurishije Ngoboka James inzu kandi ari amafaranga yagurijwe akamuriganya, ko ariko ayo masezerano bayise ay’ubugure, asaba ko ayo masezerano yateshwa agaciro kubera ko yakozwe mu buriganya. Ikindi kandi ngo ni uko nta kimenyetso cy’uburyo Ngoboka James yaba yaramwishyuye ubwo bugure agaragaza. Asoza asaba Urukiko gutegeka Ngoboka James kumuha indishyi zinyuranye. [5] Ngoboka James mu kwiregura ku bujurire bwa Nkurikiyeyezu Michel, yavuze ko budakwiye guhabwa ishingiro kuko amasezerano bagiranye asobanutse neza kandi ko yayasinyeho ubwe, akaba akwiye kumwandikaho inzu yaguze ivugwa muri ayo masezerano y’ubugure. Yuririye ku bujurire bwa Nkurikiyeyezu Michel yasabye Urukiko Rukuru kumutegeka kumwishyura amafaranga y'ikurikiranarubanza, ay’igihembo cya Avoka n'indishyi z'akababaro. [6] Ku wa 17/05/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza nº RCA 00278/2022/HC/KIG, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nkurikiyeyezu Michel nta shingiro bufite, ko imikirize y’urubanza RC 00374/2021/TGI/GSBO (handitswe GSBO aho kuba NYGE) rwaciye n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo (Nyarugenge) ku wa 09/06/2022 idahindutse mu ngingo zayo zose, ko Nkurikiyeyezu Michel yishyura Ngoboka James indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avocat bihwanye byose na 350.000 Frw zo ku rwego rw’ubujurire, ziyongera ku zagenwe ku rwego rwa mbere, kandi ko ingwate y’amagarama Nkurikiyeyezu Michel yatanze arega ihwanye n’ibyakoreshejwe muri urwo rubanza. [7] Nkurikiyeyezu Michel yajuririye urwo rubanza muri uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri nº RCAA 00039/2024/CA, ku mpamvu zo kumenya niba amasezerano y’ubugure bw’inzu yubatse mu kibanza gifite nº UPI:1/03/10/1/296 yo ku wa 18/09/2018 yagiranye na Ngoboka James akurikije amategeko nk’uko Inkiko zabanje zabyemeje. Asobanura ko impamvu asanga ayo masezerano atarakurikije amategeko ari uko atakorewe imbere ya Noteri nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo za 3, igika cya 1 na 18 z’Itegeko nº43/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 rigenga ubutaka mu Rwanda. Bityo ko Inkiko zabanje zitagombaga gushingira ku ngingo ya 64 y’Itegeko rigenga amasezerano kandi amasezerano agira agaciro ari uko yubahirije amategeko. [8] Ngoboka James mbere yo kwiregura ku mizi y’ubujurire bwa Nkurikiyeyezu Michel yatannze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ashingiye ku kuba uyu ngo yaratsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, aho asobanura ko zombi mu kwemeza ko inzu yubatse mu kibanza nº UPI:1/03/10/1/296 yandikwa kuri Ngoboka James zashingiye ku masezerano y’ubugure impande zombi zagiranye ku wa 18/09/2018, kandi Nkurikiyeyezu Michel akaba atarahakanye ko yabayeho, inkiko zombi mu gushimangira ayo masezerano zikaba zarashingiye ku ngingo ya 64 y’Itegeko nº45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, bityo ko ubujurire bwe butagomba kwakirwa.

[9] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryatangiye ku wa 05/11/2025 rigenda ryimurwa ku mpamvu zinyuranye kugeza rushyizwe ku wa 25/02/2026, aho rwaburanishijwe Nkurikiyeyezu Michel ahagarariwe na Me Mutangana Jean Bosco, naho Ngoboka James ahagarariwe na Me MUNYENTWALI Charles na Me HAKIZIMANA François Xavier; hasuzumwa inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe na Ngoboka James ishingiye ku gutsindwa ku mpamvu zimwe n’ibigenda ku rubanza mu gihe rwaba rurangiriye aho. Urukiko rutangaza ko ruzabifataho icyemezo ku wa 06/03/2026, ari nawo munsi urbanza rusomeweho. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO Gusuzuma niba ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nkurikiyeyezu Michel buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire [10] Me Uwamahoro Nyiranzayino Christine wari uhagarariye Nkurikiyeyezu Michel mu itangwa ry’ubu bujurire no mu nama ntegurarubanza yavuze ko Urukiko rw'Ubujurire rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza hashingiwe ku kuba agaciro k'ikiburanwa kangana na 108.756.990 Frw, ko n’iyo habaho guteza cyamunara agaciro ku mutungo uburanwa kaba 76.129.555 Frw, nk’uko igenagaciro ryawo ribigaragaza, ashingiye ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya 4 y'Itegeko n°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko1. [11] Abahagarariye Ngoboka James bashingiye ku ngingo ya 52 igika cya 3, y’Itegeko n°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko2, batanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, barusaba kutakira ubujurire bwa Nkurikiyeyezu Michel, ngo kuko yatsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Basobanura ko mu rubanza nº RC 00374/2021/TGI/NYGE Ngoboka James yaregeye ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano yo ku wa 18/09/2018 yagiranye na Nkurikiyeyezu Michel, aho bemeranyijwe ko baguze inzu iri mu kibanza gifite UPI: 1/03/10/03/296, basaba ko uwo mutungo wandikwa ku wawuguze, maze mu isesengura Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwakoze mu bika bya 9-11 by’urwo rubanza, ruvuga ko rushingiye ku masezerano bagiranye bemeranwa ko baguze inzu, no ku kuba ntawuhakana ayo masezerano y’ubugure, ayo masezerano afite agaciro kuko hari inyandiko yagaragajwe igaragaza ko abayagiranye bayashyizeho umukono, maze runashingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko n°45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, rutegeka ko iyo nzu yandikwa kuri Ngoboka James wayiguze. [12] Bavuga ko ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge byagarutsweho ku rwego rw’ubujurire mu rubanza nº RCA 00278/2022/HC/KIG, aho mu isesengura Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu gika cya 28 cy’urwo rubanza, ku birebana n’ayo masezerano y’ubugure bw’inzu yo ku wa 18/09/2018 rwagize ruti: “…n’uru Rukiko rukaba rusanga Urukiko rwarashingiye kuri ayo masezerano ndetse no mu bujurire Nkurikiyeyezu Michel akaba atayahakana, ku nyandiko zikubiyemo ayo masezerano..”, naho mu gika cya 30 cy’urwo rubanza rugira ruti: ʺKuba 1 Iyo ngingo ya 52 y’iryo Tegeko iteganya ibi bikurikira: “Iyo icyaburanwe kitagenewe agaciro mu mafaranga mu manza zabanje, kigomba kuba gifite agaciro nibura kangana na miliyoni mirongo irindwi n’eshanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (75.000.000 Frw) kagenwe n’umuhanga iyo bibaye ngombwaʺ. 2 Aho igika cya 3 cy’iyo ngingo ya 52 iteganya ko: “Icyakora kandi ubujurire bwa kabiri ntibushobora kwakirwa ku manza z’ababuranye bemera ibyo baregwa, cyangwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe”.

abagiranye amasezerano barumvikanye ko ntacyababuzaga kugeza ubu ko amasezerano hagati yabo ababera Itegeko nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko nº 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, ivuga ko “Amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye. Ashobora guseswa ari uko babyumvikanyeho cyangwa ku mpamvu zemewe n'amategeko. Agomba kubahirizwa nta buriganya”, bityo kuba abagiranye amasezerano barayumvikanyeho nta n’impamvu adakwiye kubahirizwa nta buryarya cyane ko bose bayemera nta n’umwe uyahakanaʺ, maze rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Nkurikiyeyezu Michel nta shingiro bufite, ko imikirize y’urubanza RC 00374/2021/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 09/06/2022 idahindutse mu ngingo zayo zose. [13] Nkurikiyeyezu Michel yiregura kuri iyi nzitizi avuga ko nta shingiro ifite, ngo kuko ku rwego rubanza Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaburanishije urubanza adahari, kandi yari yageze aho Urukiko rukorera kuko yari yarahawe isaha yo kuburana ya saa yine ariko yagera ku Rukiko agasanga urubanza rwamaze kuburanishwa saa tatu adahari.Me Uwamahoro Nyiranzayino Christine wamwunganiraga kugeza hasojwe inama ntegurarubanza muri uru rubanza yongeraho ko kuba Nkurikiyeyezu Michel ataritabiriye iburanisha, kandi akaba atarireguye, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaciye urubanza ntacyo rwumvise, ko impamvu rwashingiyeho zarebaga gusa uruhande rwareze kandi ko ari yo mpamvu yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru. Ko kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaraciye urubanza uregwa adahari, rugafata icyemezo rwirengagije uburenganzira bwe bwo kwiregura, ari yo mpamvu yajuriye, kandi kandi ko kuba Inkiko zabanje zaravuze ko yemera ayo masezerano aburanwa kandi ataraburanye ntaho Ngoboka James yahera avuga ko Nkurikiyeyezu Michel yatsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [14] Me Uwamahoro Nyiranzayino Christine wunganiraga Nkurikiyeyezu Michel avuga mu gika cya 17 cy’urubanza nºRCA 00278/2022/HC/KIG rujuririrwa, Nkurikiyeyezu Michel yavuze ko atemera ayo masezerano, bityo ko asaba ko yateshwa agaciro kandi ko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru ku rwego rubanza atigeze ahuzwa n’urubanza ngo agire ibyo asobanura. Ikindi ngo ni uko ku munsi w’inama ntegurarubanza Nkurikiyeyezu Michel yitabye wenyine, mu gihe Avoka wa Ngoboka James yari yanditse muri sisitemu (IECMS) ko arwaye, ko ibyo umwanditsi w’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge yanditse ko bumvikanye ku bibazo bizasuzumwa atari byo, ngo kuko atari kumvikana n’umuburanyi utitabye. [15] Me Mutangana Jean Bosco waburaniye Nkurikiyeyezu Michel ku wa 25/02/2026, kuri iyi nzitizi y’iburanisha avuga ko n’ubwo agenda mu murongo umwe na Me Uwamahoro Nyiranzayino Christine yasimbuye muri ino dosiye, we icyo yongeraho ari uko Urukiko mu gufata icyemezo rwazita no ku murongo wafashwe mu rubanza RCOMAA 00019/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 17/06/2022, aho rwavuze ko mu gusuzuma ku gutsindwa ku mpamvu zimwe hatarebwa umubare w’ibimenyetso byatanzwe, ahubwo harebwa niba inkiko zombi zarasubije mu buryo bumwe ku ngingo z’ikiburanwa, ko impamvu inkiko zombi zabanje zashingiyeho atari zimwe kuko Urukiko rwemeje ko icyabaye hagati y’impande zombi ari ubugure kandi harabaye uburiganya, ndetse ko mu bujurire Nkurikiyeyezu Michel yagaragaje ko urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere rwaburanishijwe adahari, akanasaba ko amasezerano yashingiweho ikirego ateshwa agaciro, ariko uburenganzira bwe ntibwubahirizwa ndetse Urukiko Rukuru ntirwagira icyo ruvuga kuri iyo droit à la défense constitutionnel [uburenganzira bwo kwiregura buteganywa n’Itegeko Nshinga].

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Ikibazo ababuranyi bafitanye gishingiye ku kumenya niba ubujurire bwa kabiri bw’urubanza nº RCA 00278/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/05/2024, Nkurikiyeyezu Michel yatanze buri mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko, harebwa niba butaba buzitirwa no kuba yaba yaratsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje nk’uko bivugwa na Ngoboka James, ku ngingo nyamukuru yaburanwe yerekeranye no kumenya niba Ngoboka James yakwandikwaho umutungo utimukanwa ubaruye kuri nº UPI: 1/03/10/03/296, hashingiwe ku masezerano y’ubugure bagiranye ku wa 18/09/2018; mu yandi magambo hakaba hekenewe kumenywa niba mu kwemeza ko Ngoboka James yandikwaho umutungo uburanwa inkiko zombi zabanje zitarashingiye ku mpamvu zimwe. [17] Ikibazo cyerekeranye no gutsindwa mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe cyafashweho umurongo mu manza nyinshi zinyuranye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga3 ndetse n’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire ruzishingiraho, aho izo Nkiko Nkuru zagaragaje ko mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri Rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanwe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazisubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Ibi bikaba byumvikanisha ko igisubizo ku kibazo kibukijwe mu gika kibanziriza iki kigerwaho hagereranyijwe impamvu buri Rukiko rwashingiyeho ku ngingo nyamukuru zasuzumye zigize ikiburanwa. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rubona ko by’umwihariko kuri uru rubanza rwatanzwemo iyo nzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko na Ngoboka James, Nkurikiyeyezu Michel akiregura ko atatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe, igereranya ry’impamvu zashingiweho rirashingirwa kandi ku murongo watanzwe no mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00003/2020/SC4, rwaciwe ku wa 27/11/2020 hagati ya SANLAM AG Plc AG Ltd na UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA (UR), mu guhuza imiburanire y’ababuranyi bombi n'imisesengurire y’urubanza muri izo Nkiko zombi mu buryo bukurikira. [19] Dosiye y’uru rubanza ku rwego rwa mbere igaragaza ko ikibazo nyamukuru cyasuzumwe mu rubanza nº RC 00374/2021/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 09/06/2022, ari icyerekeranye no kumenya niba Ngoboka James yakwandikwaho umutungo 3 Reba igika cya 22 cy’urubanza no RCOMAA 0051/14/CS hagati ya RRA na SECAM Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2015 n’igika cya 21 cy’urubanza, n° RCOMAA 0038/16/CS - RCOMAA 0033/2016/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017 hagati ya Bank of Kigali Plc na MULISA KANA Martin. Reba igika cya 22 cy’urubanza no RCOMAA 0051/14/CS hagati ya RRA na SECAM Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2015 n’igika cya 21 cy’urubanza, n° RCOMAA 0038/16/CS - RCOMAA 0033/2016/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017 hagati ya Bank of Kigali Plc na MULISA KANA Martin. Reba urubanza n˚ RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2020, hagati ya Road Solution Pavement Product Ltd na MAILCO Ltd, igika cya 24. 4 Aho mu gika cya 23 cyarwo, rwasanze -Ibi kandi binumvikanisha ko ibyaburanwe mu rwego rwa mbere ari na byo ubusanzwe bigomba kuburanwa mu rwego rw’ubujurire hashingiwe ku ihame risanzwe mu micire y’imanza rivuga ko umucamanza wo mu rwego rwa mbere yita ku igenzura ry’ibimenyetso n’amategeko ugereranyije n’ikiburanwa, naho umucamanza wo mu rwego rw’ubujurire akibanda cyane cyane ku kugenzura niba amategeko ku rwego rwa mbere yarubahirijwe uko bikwiye hakurikijwe ibisobanuro n’ibimenyetso byari byatanzwe muri urwo rubanza, byaba ngombwa agakosora aho bikenewe.

utimukanwa wabaruwe kuri nº UPI: 1/03/10/03/296, uherereye mu Mudugudu wa Kabagendwa, Akagari ka Kamashashi, Umurenge wa Nyarugunga, Akarere ka Kicukiro mu Mujyi wa Kigali, hashingiwe ku masezerano y’ubugure yagiranye na Nkurikiyeyezu Michel. Muri urwo rubanza icyo kibazo cyasesenguwe mu bika bya 5-11, Urukiko rubona ko kuba Nkurikiyeyezu Michel yarashyikirije Ngoboka James icyangombwa cy’umutungo ugizwe n’inzu baguze ariko itamwanditseho, ahubwo icyanditseho Nkurikiyeyezu Michel nk’uko byagaragariye Urukiko, bigaragaza ko ubugure bw’iyo nzu bwinjiye mu bubasha bwe no mu mutungo we nk’uko biteganywa n’amategeko. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwasobanuye kandi ko n’ubwo uregwa atitabye ntawe uhakana amasezerano, ko abayagiranye bashyize umukono ku nyandiko zikubiyemo ayo masezerano, bikaba bibabera inshingano, maze rutegeka gutyo ko Ngoboka James agomba kwandikwaho umutungo ugizwe n’inzu yabaruwe kuri UPI: 1/03/10/03/296, yaguze na Nkurikiyeyezu Michel ku bw’amasezerano y’ubugure bagiranye ku wa 18/09/2018. [20] Dosiye igaragaza ko ku rwego rw’ubujurire iyo ngingo imaze kuvugwa haruguru yongeye gusuzumwa n’Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza nº RCA 00278/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/05/2024 mu gukemura impaka zari muri uru rubanza hagati y’ababuranyi zerekeranye no kumenya niba amasezerano yakozwe hagati ya Nkurikiyeyezu Michel yaba yarakoranywe uburiganya kandi ko urukiko rwirengagije ko atari ubugure bw’inzu bwabaye hagamijwe kureba niba ayo masezerano yateshwa agaciro. Nk’uko bigaragara mu bika bya 10-14 na 23-31 by’urwo rubanza Urukiko Rukuru rwabonye impaka ziri hagati y’ababuranyi ari ukumenya niba harabayeho ubugure ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga yatanzwe na Ngoboka James yaba yarahaye Nkurikiyeyezu Michel no kumenya niba ubuhamya bukwiye gushingirwaho igihe bigaragara ko umutangabuhamya agaragara ku masezerano yanditse, maze rusanga muri dosiye hagaragara amasezerano y’ubugure bw’inzu yo ku wa 18/09/2018 avugwamo ko Nkurikiyeyezu Michel agurishije Ngoboka James inzu iri mu kibanza UPI: 10/03/10/01/296 ku mafaranga ahwanye na 20.000.000 Frw kandi ko amwishyuye cash, bumvikana ko mutation izakorwa nyuma y’amezi atatu bahereye itariki bayasinyiyeho, rusanga ayo masezerano yo kugurisha impande zose zarayasinyeho ndetse hasinywaho n’abatangabuhamya Kayitesi Immaculée, Murekatete Clotilde, Byibuzo Phillipe na Rukazambuga Emmanuel. Urukiko Rukuru kandi rwasobanuye ko rusanga ibimenyetso byatanzwe bihagije kwemeza ubwo ubugure bwabaye cyane ko Nkurikiyeyezu Michel ubwe yemera ibyo bimenyetso ko yabisinyeho ubwe birimo amasezerano yo ku wa 18/09/2018 ndetse bakemeranya ko amwishyuye cash amafaranga avugwa muri ayo masezerano. Ku byerekeye ibivugwa na Nkurikiyeyezu Michel ko yahawe inguzanyo yunguka yatanzwe na Ngoboka James ihwanye na 4.000.000 Frw, Urukiko Rukuru muri ibyo bika by’urubanza rwasobanuye ko rusanga ajya kugurisha barandikiranyijwe ibikorwa bemeranyijweho akaba ntaho agaragaza ko mu kwishyura hari aho bandikiranywe na Nkurikiyeyezu Michel ngo uyu yemeze ko ahawe inguzanyo ihwanye na 4.000.000 Frw, ko kubivuga gusa kandi yemera ko yagurishije inzu ndetse akanabisinyira, adahakana umukono uri kuri ayo masezerano y’igurisha ry’inzu ye rusanga ntaho rwahera rushingira ku magambo gusa atagaragaza n’igihe cyangwa uburyo amafaranga yayakiriye ayita inguzanyo nyamara yaranditse ko ari ukugurisha, bityo rubona ibyo yita “ramberi” ntaho bishingiye ubwabyo, ahubwo harebwa ibyanditse kandi ababuranyi bose basinyeho nk’inyandiko bwite, igomba kubahirizwa nk’uko impande zose zayashyizeho umukono, rwemeza ko iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro yahabwa.

[21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusesenguye imiburanire ya buri ruhande ku ngingo nyamukuru igize urubanza yavuzwe haruguru5, rukabihuza n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 52 igika cya 3 y’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena Ububasha bw’Inkiko iteganya ko ubujurire bwa kabiri butakirwa iyo uwajuriye yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, ndetse n’umurongo wibukijwe haruguru wafashwe n’Inkiko Nkuru ku bijyanye n’isesengura rya bene iyi mpamvu y’iburabubasha ku bujurire bwa kabiri, rurasanga inkiko zombi zarasesenguye mu buryo bumwe (raisonnement juridique) byanatumye zishingira ku mpamvu zimwe mu kwemeza ko Nkurikiyeyezu Michel atsinzwe no kuba ku wa 18/09/2018 yarasinye inyandiko y’ubugure bw’umutungo usabirwa guhererekanywa; bityo ubujurire bwe bwa kabiri bukaba butagomba kwakirwa kuko uru Rukiko nta bubasha rufite bwo kubusuzuma mu mizi. Inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwe bwa kabiri yatanzwe na Ngoboka James ikaba ifite ishingiro. Gusuzuma ishingiro ry’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa na Ngoboka James kuri uru rwego [22] Ngoboka James ashingiye ku ngingo ya 152 y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Nkurikiyeyezu Michel guha Ngoboka James amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza angana na 300.000 Frw n’igihembo cya Avoka na 3.000.000 Frw kubera gukomeza kumushora mu rubanza bigatuma arukurikirana ashaka n’Abavoka bamuburanira. [23] Uruhande rwa Nkurikiyeyezu Michel ruvuga ko amafaranga Ngoboka James asaba ntayo yahabwa, ko kuba Abavoka baramuburaniye akwiye kuzabahemba mu mafaranga ye, ngo kuko Nkurikiyeyezu Michel nta kosa yamukoreye, ko iyo yemera akamuha ayo mafaranga yamuhaye nka ‘’Lambert” nta kibazo cyari kubaho. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [24] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ibikurikira: ʺIkirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [25] Hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’iyi ngingo y’Itegeko imaze kuvugwa haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza Ngoboka James asaba afite ishingiro, kuko byumvikana ko yashatse ba Avoka bo kumuburanira imbere y’Urukiko bakanakurikirana urubanza, rukaba rugomba kuyamugenera mu bushishozi bwarwo kuko ayo asaba ari umurengera hakurikijwe imigendekere y’uru rubanza n’aho rurangiriye; bityo akaba agomba kugenerwa angana n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego. 5 Yerekeranye no kumenya niba Ngoboka James yakwandikwaho umutungo utimukanwa ubaruye kuri nº UPI: 1/03/10/03/296, uherereye mu Mudugudu wa Kabagendwa, Akagari ka Kamashashi, Umurenge wa Nyarugunga, Akarere ka Kicukiro mu Mujyi wa Kigali, hashingiwe ku masezerano y’ubugure bagiranye ku wa 18/09/2018.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [26] Rwemeje ko inzitizi yatanzwe na Ngoboka James ifite ishingiro. [27] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na Nkurikiyeyezu Michel butakiriwe kubera ko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [28] Rutegetse Nkurikiyeyezu Michel kwishyura Ngoboka James amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego. [29] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama y’uru rubanza Nkurikiyeyezu Michel yatanze ajurira ahwanye n’ibyarukozwemo.