NKURUNZIZA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

# NKURUNZIZA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-11-28 - Case/document no.: RS/REV/RP 00069/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NKURUNZIZA v. UBUSHINJACYAHA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/REV/RP 00069/2024/CA (Kanyange, P.J.,) 28 Ugushyingo 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana – Gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya – Kwakira ikirego – Ikimenyetso gishya ni ikimenyetso umuburanyi atashoboraga kumenya ko gihari akakibona nyuma cyangwa akaba atarabashaga kukigeraho igihe yaburanaga, kandi n’iyo ari gishya gihabwa agaciro gusa iyo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nkuruziza Silas yasambanyije umwana w’umukobwa witwa Ayingeneye Marie w’imyaka 16 y’amavuko banabana nk’umugabo n’umugore, maze Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, bumusabira igifungo cya burundu. Nkurunziza yaburanye avuga ko yakoze icyaha kubera uburangare kuko umwana yamubwiye ko afite imyaka 22, bityo akaba abisabira imbabazi. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye rwaciye urubanza, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). Nkurunziza yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru / Urugereko rwa Nyanza, avuga ko Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku buhamya bw’abo bafite icyo bapfa. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko Nkurunziza Silas atagomba kwikoma abatangabuhamya kuko ibyo bavuze ko babonaga abana n’urega nk’umugore n’umugabo, nawe yabyemeye ndetse n’uwo mwana akaba yarabyemeye avuga ko atwite, naho icyemezo cy’amavuko yashyize muri dosiye kikaba kitakwemerwa kuko atari umwimerere. Urukiko rwaciye urubanza maze rusanga impamvu z’ubujurire bw’uregwa nta shingiro zifite, kuko ibyo avuga ari amagambo atagira ibimenyetso, maze ruhamishaho igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) yahanishijwe. Nkurunziza yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubjurire, avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha Urukiko rwirengagije ibimenyetso simusiga byashoboraga kumurenganura, birimo icyemezo cy’amavuko kigaragaza ko umukobwa ari mukuru, kandi ko nta perereza ryakozwe ku babyeyi be ndetse ko mu byemezo bye by’amavuko harimo amazina atandukanye. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko izo mpamvu z’ubujurire nta shingiro zifite kuko yasambanyije umwana w’imyaka 16. Urukiko rwaciye urubanza maze rwemeza ko kuba uregwa ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha kandi icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyatejeyagabanyirizwa igihano, bityo rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Nkurunziza yasubirishijemo urwo rubanza ingingo nshya, avuga ko ikirego cye gishingiye ku kuba hari ibimenyetso bishya byari gutuma arenganurwa, naho abamwunganira bakavuga ko bamusobanuriye ko ibyo avuga atari ibimenyetso bishya.

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Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Nkurunziza kitagomba kwakirwa kuko nta kimenyetso gishya agaragaza cyatuma urubanza rusubirwamo, kuko ibya agaragaza bisanzwe biri muri dosiye y’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo, akaba rero yari azizi. Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba ikirego cya Nkurunziza gisubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RPAA 00182/2023/CA kitagomba kwakirwa. Urukiko rurasanga ikirego Nkurunziza yatanze gisubirashamo ingingo nshya kitakiriwe kuko kitujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko. Incamake y’icyemezo: Ikimenyetso gishya ni ikimenyetso umuburanyi atashoboraga kumenya ko gihari akakibona nyuma cyangwa akaba atarabashaga kukigeraho igihe yaburanaga, kandi n’iyo ari gishya gihabwa agaciro gusa iyo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya. Ikirego gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya nticyakiriwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 197. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RS/REV/RP 00072/2024/CA, rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Bucyensenge, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/07/2025; Urubanza RS/REV/CIV 0001/15/CS rwa Nyamwaswa na Mukamusoni, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017.

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Nkuruziza Silas yasambanyije umwana w’umukobwa witwa Ayingeneye Marie w’imyaka 16 y’amavuko banabana nk’umugabo n’umugore, bimenyekana ku wa 21/06/2021 atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, bumusabira igifungo cya burundu. [3] Nkurunziza Silas yaburanye avuga ko yakoze icyaha kubera uburangare kuko umwana yamubwiye ko afite imyaka 22 ndetse n’ababyeyi be bakabyemeza, abisabira imbabazi. [4] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RP 00613/2021/TGI/HYE ku wa 19/07/2022, rusanga hari ibimenyetso bimuhamya icyaha aregwa birimo kuba yemera ko yasambanyije uwo mwana bakanabana nk’ukugore n’umugabo, ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja ko kandi ibyo

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avuga ko yamusambanyije kuko yamubeshyaga ko akuze nta shingiro bifite, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). [5] Nkurunziza Silas yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Nyanza, avuga ko Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku buhamya bw’abo bafite icyo bapfa runashingira ku cyemezo cy’amavuko kigaragaza ko Ayingeneye Marie yavutse mu mwaka wa 2005 kandi cyarashatswe na Mukarusagara washakaga kumufungisha. [6] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko Nkurunziza Silas atagomba kwikoma abatangabuhamya kuko ibyo bavuze ko babonaga abana na Ayingeneye nk’umugore n’umugabo nawe yabyemeye ndetse n’uwo mwana akaba yarabyemeye avuga ko atwite, naho icyemezo cy’amavuko yashyize muri dosiye kikaba kitakwemerwa kuko atari umwimerere. [7] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RPA 00732/2021/HC/NYZ ku wa 09/03/2023, rusanga impamvu z’ubujurire bwa Nkurunziza Silas nta shingiro zifite, kuko ibyo avuga ari amagambo atagira ibimenyetso, maze ruhamishaho igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) yahanishijwe. [8] Nkurunziza Silas yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubjurire, avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha Urukiko rwirengagije ibimenyetso simusiga byashoboraga kumurenganura, birimo icyemezo cy’amavuko kigaragaza ko umukobwa ari mukuru, ko kandi nta perereza ryakozwe ku babyeyi be ndetse ko mu byemezo bye by’amavuko harimo amazina atandukanye. [9] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko izo mpamvu z’ubujurire nta shingiro zifite, kuko iby’amazina y’uwasambanyijwe byasobanuye n’Urukiko, ko n’ibirebana n’ibyemezo bibiri by’amavuko bitandukanye Urukiko rwabisobanuye runatesha agaciro kimwe, ko rero yasambanyije anabana na Ayingeneye Marie afite imyaka 16. [10] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RPAA 00182/2023/CA ku wa 28/06/2024, rusanga ku birebana n’amazina nyakuri y’uwasambanyijwe n’imyaka ye, hagomba gushingirwa ku nyandiko y’ivuka Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze, yatanzwe ku wa 13/04/2024 n’ibiro by’irangamimerere by’Umurenge wa Muyira, igaragaza ko Ayingeneye Marie yavutse ku wa 01/01/2005, ko rero yasambanyijwe afite imyaka 16, naho icyemezo cy’amavuko Nkurunziza Silas yashyize muri dosiye kigaragaza ko uwo mwana yavutse ku wa 27/07/1999 kitashingirwaho, kuko uretse kuba atari umwimerere, kigaragara nk’icyakorewe mu Murenge wa Busasamana kandi atariho uwo mwana yavukiye atari naho ababyeyi be babarizwa, ko rero rwemeranya n’Urukiko rwa mbere ku birebana n’imikorere y’icyaha n’ibimenyetso byashingiweho. Rwasanze ariko kuba ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha kandi icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyatejeyagabanyirizwa igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [11] Nkurunziza Silas yasubirishijemo urwo rubanza ingingo nshya, urubanza rwandikwa kuri RS/REV/RP 00069/2024/CA, iburanisha ribera mu ruhame ku wa 19/11/2025 yunganiwe na Me Ntabwoba Joseph hamwe na Me Nyankiko Alphonse, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Sibomana Stanislas, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [12] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Nkurunziza Silas avuga ko ikirego cye gishingiye ku ngingo ya 197, agace 5º, y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, kuko hari ibimenyetso bishya byari gutuma arenganurwa, naho abamwunganira bakavuga ko bamusobanuriye ko ibyo avuga atari ibimenyetso bishya.

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[13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Nkurunziza Silas kitagomba kwakirwa kuko nta kimenyetso gishya agaragaza cyatuma urubanza rusubirwamo. [14] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba ikirego cya Nkurunziza Silas gisubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RPAA 00182/2023/CA kitagomba kwakirwa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA Kumenya niba ikirego cya Nkurunziza Silas gisubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RPAA 00182/2023/CA kitagomba kwakirwa [15] Mu mwanzuro wa Nkurunziza Silas, avuga ko ikirego cye gishingiye ku ngingo ya 197, agace ka 5º, y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, iteganya ko urubanza rushobora gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya iyo kuva aho ruciriwe habonetse ikimenyetso gishya kimara impaka kigaragaza neza akarengane katewe n’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo. [16] Ku birebana n’ibimenyetso ashingiraho ikirego cye, avuga ko ari icyemezo cy’amavuko cya Uwingeneye Marie cyatangiwe mu Murenge wa Busasamana mu Karere ka Nyanya ku wa 10/07/2022 kigaragaza ko yavutse ku wa 27/07/1999, bikaba bivuze ko babanye akuze nk’uko yabigaragaje aho yaburanye hose, mu gihe yaregeshejwe icyemezo cy’amavuko cy’uwitwa Ayingeneye Marie utandukanye na Uwingeneye Marie, uwo Ayingeneye Marie bikavugwa ko yavutse ku wa 01/01/2005 kandi icyo cyemezo kikaba cyarakorewe mu Murenge wa Ntyazo- Nyanza ku wa 22/06/2021, hakaba n’inyandiko y’ivuka y’uwitwa Ayingeneye Marie nawe wavutse ku wa 01/01/2005 yatanzwe n’Umurenge wa Muyira-Nyanza ku wa 13/04/2024. [17] Igihe cy’iburanisha ariko, nyuma y’uko uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuze ko asanga icyemezo cy’amavuko Nkurunziza ashingiraho ari impimbano ko kandi niba yifuza gukomeza kugikoresha babanza bakagikoraho iperereza, Nkurunziza Silas yahise avuga ko aretse kukiburanisha. [18] Ikindi kimenyetso ashingiraho kigizwe n’inyandikomvugo y’ibazwa rya nyina wa Ayingeneye Marie witwa Kanakuze Francine, aho bigaragara ko ibyo yababjijwe biteye urujijo rukomeye no gushidikanya gukabije ku buryo ntawamenye niba ari we koko wabivuze, kuko nubwo igaragara nk’inyandiko y’Ubushinjacyaha, itagira itariki n’ukwezi, bivuze ko ibiyikubiyemo bishobora kuba ari ibihimbano byamwitiriwe, ko rero kubera urwo rujijo rukabije no gushidikanya , hakurikizwa ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, Urukiko rukemeza ko atsinze; ko ikindi kimenyetso ari inyandiko y’umutangabuhamya Nshimiyimana Jean Bosco yo ku wa 07/07/2022, uhakana inyandikomvugo y’ibazwa rye muri RIB, akavuga ko ubutabera bwakurikirana abamwitiriye inyandiko mpimbano bakabihanirwa. [19] Abamwunganira bavuga ko ibyo Nkurunziza Silas ashingiraho atari ibimenyetso bishya byatuma urubanza rusubirwamo nk’uko babimusobanuriye, kuko bidahura n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 197 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru.

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[20] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ikirego cya Nkurunziza Silas kitakwakirwa kuko nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ikimenyetso gishya ari ikimenyetso umuburanyi atashoboraga kumenya ko cyaba gihari akakibona nyuma, cyangwa akaba atarabashaga kukigeraho igihe yaburanaga, kandi ko n’iyo cyaba gishya gihabwa agaciro gusa igo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu ica ry’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya1. [21] Avuga ko ku birebana n’icyemezo cy’amavuko, Nkurunziza yivugiye ko atakigishingiyeho, naho imvugo za Nshimiyimana Jean Bosco n’inyandikomvugo ya Kanakuze Francine zikaba zitaba ibimenyetso bishya kuko bisanzwe biri muri dosiye y’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo, akaba rero yari azizi. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [22] Ku birebana no gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya, ingingo ya 197, agace ka 5°, y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha Nkurunziza Silas avuga ko ariyo ikirego cye gishingiyeho, iteganya iko urubanza rushobora gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya iyo kuva aho ruciriwe habonetse ikimenyetso gishya kimara impaka kigaragaza neza akarengane katewe n’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo. [23] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ikimenyetso ari gishya byatuma urubanza rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya, cyasesenguwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/REV/RCOM 00001/2018/SC ku wa 24/07/20202, n’urubanza RS/REV/CIV0002/12/SC rwaciwe ku wa 18/01/2193, Urukiko rukaba rwarasobanuye ko ikimenyetso gishya ari ikimenyetso umuburanyi atashoboraga kumenya ko gihari akakibona nyuma cyangwa akaba atarabashaga kukigeraho igihe yaburanaga, kandi ko n’iyo ari gishya gihabwa agaciro gusa iyo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya. Ibyasobanuwe muri izo manza ni nabyo byashingiweho mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, urwa nyuma akaba ari urubanza RS/REV/RP 00072/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/07/2025, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Bucyensenge Jean Baptiste. [24] Ku birebana n’ikimenyetso kigizwe n’icyemezo cy’amavuko kigaragaza ko Uwingeneye Marie yavutse ku wa 27/07/1999, Urukiko rurasanga usibye kuba kitaba ikimenyetso gishya kuko cyaciriweho urubanza nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 24 cy’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo, Nkurunziza Silas yaravugiye imbere y’uru Rukiko ko atakigishingiyeho nyuma y’uko Ubushinjacyaha bugaragaje ko bushaka kugikoraho iperereza kugira ngo bugaragaze ko ari impimbano. [25] Naho ku birebana n’inyandikomvugo ya Nikuze Francine, Urukiko rurasanga nayo itaba ikimenyetso gishya kuko yari isanzwe muri dosiye y’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo nk’uko iyo disiye ibigaragaza.

1 Byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RS/REV/CIV 0001/15/CS rwaciwe ku wa 21/04/2017 haburana Nyamwaswa Ephron na Mukamusoni Asterie

2 Haburana Shema Charles na I & M BANK RWANDA Plc n’abandi 3 Haburana Mulindahabi Fidèle na ATRACO

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[26] Nanone ku birebana n’inyandiko Nkurunziza Silas avuga ko irimo ubuhamya bwa Nshimiyimana Jean Bosco, Urukiko rurasanga uretse kuba ibikubiye muri iyo nyandiko bitafatwa nk’ubuhamya kuko ubuhamya bugomba kwakirwa n’Urukiko cyangwa Urwego rubifitiye ububasha kandi ubutanze abanje kurahirira kuvugisha ukuri nk’uko byasobanuwe n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RPAA 00931/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/9/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Tuyizere Ramadhan, nta n’icyari gutuma uwo mutangabuhamya ataboneka igihe urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo rwaburanishwaga, dore ko ari mu batangabuhamya bashingiweho mu manza za mbere, bemeje ko Nkurunziza na Ayingeneye Marie babanye nk’umugabo n’umugore. [27] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa no ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 197, agace ka 5º, y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru ndetse no ku isesengura ryakozwe mu manza zavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga ikirego Nkurunziza Silas yatanze gisubirashamo ingingo nshya urubanza RPAA 00182/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/06/2024 kitakiriwe kuko kitujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [28] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Nkurunziza Silas gisubirishamo urubanza RPAA 00182/2023/CA ingingo nshya kitakiriwe.