Sanlam v Nkusi

# Sanlam v Nkusi

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-06-16 - Case/document no.: RCA 00072/2021/HC/RWG - Collection: High Court

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NKUSI V SANLAM AG Plc [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU URUGEREKO RWA RWAMAGANA – RCA 00072/2021/HC/RWG (Mugeyo, P.J.) 16 Kamena 2022] Itegeko rigenga indishyi zihabwa uwagize bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga – impanuka yo mu muhanda – indishyi mbangamirabukungu – Ntabwo usaba indishyi mbangamirabukungu cyangwa mbangamiraburambe agomba kuba afite icyemezo cy’ umurimo yakoraga cyangwa cy’ umushara Incamake y’Ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Nkusi arega SANLAM AG Ltd mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma nyuma yo kuyisaba indishyi mu bwumvikane kubera impanuka yakoze agongwa na Moto ifite ubwishingizi muri iyo sosiyete ariko ntibyashoboka. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma Rwategetse Sanlam AG PLC guha Nkusi 2.880.940Frw akubiyemo indishyi zitandukanye,

zirimo

iz’ibangamirabukungu,

iz’akababaro,

iz’ibangamiraburanga, z’ibangamiraburambe mu kazi, n’izindi. SANLAM AG Plc ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo maze ikijurira mu Rukiko Rukuru ivuga batimishiiye uburyo indishyi mbangamiraburambe mu kazi zatanzwemo mu gihe uregera indishyi atigeze agaragaza umwuga yakoraga. asaba Urukiko gukosora icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rwisumbuye uregwa agahabwa ibiteganywa n’amategeko. Uburanira Nkusi yavuze ko, SANLAM yatatanze ubujurire igamije gutinza urubanza gusa kuko Nkusi yakoze impanuka arengeje imyaka 16 ari nayo mpamvu urukiko rwamubariye indishyi mbangamirabukungu, bivuze ko yarafite ibyo akora bimutunze. Urukiko Rukuru urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwemeje SANLAM AG PLC igomba guha Nkusi indishyi mbangamira burambe cyangwa mbangamira bukungu kubera ko yakoze impanuka arengeje imyaka 16 kandi ubumuga yagize ubera iyo mpanuka buri hejuru ya 30%. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1.Ntabwo usaba indishyi mbangamirabukungu cyangwa mbangamiraburambe agomba kuba afite icyemezo cy’ umurimo yakoraga cyangwa cy’ umushara. Iyo uzisaba arengeje imyaka 16 kandi akaba yagize ubumuga buhoraho buri hejuru ya 30% izo ndishyi zigomba gutangwa. Amategeko yifashishijwe: Iteka rya Perezida N 31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku ⁰ bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, Ingingo ya 18. Nta manza zifashishijwe: Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe. Jacques FLOUER, Jean – LUC AUBERT na Eric SAVAUX, Droit Civil Les obligations, fait juridique, 12 ème édition, Dalloz, 2007

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I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yabaye ku wa 14/08/2019, mu mudugudu wa w’Umurehe, Akagari ka Kabatasi, Umurenge wa Rubona, Akarere ka Rwamagana, Intara y’Iburasirazuba, moto Yamaha AG100 RB 547R yari itwawe na Ndereyimana Jean Paul ava ku Kagali ka Kabatasi yerekeza ku Murenge wa Rubona, yagonze Nkusi Bernard arakomereka, muganga aza kwemeza ko yagize ubumuga bwa 50%, muganga w’umwishingizi amuha ubumuga bwa 20%, Urukiko rushyiraho undi muganga kugira ngo agaragaze ubumuga yagize, yemeza ko yagize ubumuga bungana na 38% n’urwego rwa gatatu (3) rw’ibikomere (préjudice économique), iyo moto ikaba yari ifite ubwishingizi muri SANLAM AG Ltd, NKUSI Bernard yayisabye indishyi mu bwumvikane, ntibyashoboka, bituma atanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma. [2] Mu rubanza RC00144/2020/TGI/NGOMA, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma Rwategetse Sanlam AG PLC guha Nkusi Bernard 2.880.940Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, 432.000Frw y’indishyi y’akababaro, 216.000Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamiraburanga na 540.000 Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamiraburambe mu kazi; Rutegeka Sanlam AG PLC guha NkusI Bernard 4.711Frw yo kwivuza, ibihumbi ijana (100.000) y’u Rwanda yo gukurikirana urubanza, ibihumbi mirongo ine (40.000) y’u Rwanda yishyuwe umuhesha w’Inkiko n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000) y’igihembo cya Avoka; Rutegeka Sanlam AG PLC gusubiza Nkusi Bernard amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri (20.000) y’u Rwanda yatanze aregera Urukiko, itayamusubiza mu minsi umunani (8) kuva urubanza rubaye ndakuka, agakurwa mu mutungo wayo ku ngufu za Leta. [3] SANLAM AG Plc ntiyishimiye icyemezo yafatiwe Me uburanira SANLAM AG Plc yasobanuye ko, icyo batimishiiye ari uburyo indishyi mbangamiraburambe mu kazi za 540.000Frw zatanzwemo mu gihe uregera indishyi atigeze agaragaza umwuga yakoraga zikaba ntaho zari zishingiye, asaba Urukiko gukosora icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rwisumbuye uregwa agahabwa ibiteganywa n’amategeko. [4] Ku ngingo y’ ubujurire ya sanlam yatanze Me Sebibanza uburanira Nkusi Bernard yavuze ko, SANLAM yaratanze ubujurire igamije gutinza urubanza gusa kuko Nkusi yakoze impanuka arenge imyaka 16 ari nayo mpamvu urukiko rwamubariye indishyi mbangamirabukungu, bivuze ko rero yarafite ibyo akora bimutunze nubwo bigoye kugaragaza umusaruro akuramo ari nayo mpamvu urukiko rwabariye kuri SMIG. [5] Me Sebibanza uburanira Nkusi Bernard yatanze ikirego kiregera kwiregura cyo gusaba indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza zingana na 400,000Frw ndetse n'igihembo cy'avoka ku rwego rw’ ubujurire kingana na 600,000Frw. [6] Ibigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba indishyi z’ibangamira burambe SANLAM AG PLC yaciwe zitakurikije amategeko no kumenya niba indishyi z’ ikurikirana rubanza zasabwe muri uru rubanza zigomba gutangwa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA

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Ku byerekeye kumenya niba indishyi z’ibangamira bukungu SANLAM AG PLC yaciwe zitakurikije amategeko no kumenya niba indishyi z’ikurikirana rubanza zasabwe muri uru rubanza zigomba gutangwa [7] Mu bisobanuro ku bujurire bwe, Me Nyabagabo Felicien uburanira SANLAM AG PLC yavuze ko, mu rubanza RC 00144/2020/TGI/NGOMA, havugwa ko, ku wa 14/08/2019 habaye impanuka yakomerekeyemo Nkusi Bernard, icyo gihe Nkusi Bernard ntabwo yari afite umwuga akora ku buryo hakemezwa ko hari uburambe yabonaga bwahungabanye mu gihe atagaragaza umwuga yakoraga, bisobanuyeko ntacyo yari afite akuramo uburambe, uburambe bwe ntibwahungabanye nyamara Urukiko ngo rumugenera indishyi mbangamiraburambe mu kazi za 540.000Frw kandi atagomba kubihererwa indishyi kuko indishyi ziza zisana ahangiritse we rero nta burambe bwahungabanye, izo ndishyi ngo zikaba ntaho zari zishingiye, asaba Urukiko gukosora icyemezo y Urukiko rwisumbuye uregwa agahabwa ibiteganywa n’amategeko [8] Me Sebibanza uburanira Nkusi Bernard yavuze ko, SANLAM yaratanze ubujurire inenga icyemezo cy'urukiko ko, rwatanze indishyi mbangamira burambe mu kazi, ngo kandi Nkusi nta kazi kazwi yakoraga, aha tukaba dusanga SANLAM yaratanze ubujurire igamije gutinza urubanza gusa kuko Nkusi yakoze impanuka arenge imyaka 16 ari nayo mpamvu urukiko rwamubariye indishyi mbangamirabukungu, bivuze ko rero yarafite ibyo akora bimutunze nubwo bigoye kugaragaza umusaruro akuramo ari nayo mpamvu urukiko rwabariye kuri SMIG. bityo rero tukaba dusanga urukiko nta tegeko rwishe kuburyo SANLAM yabitangira ubujuire. Uko urukiko rubibona 1.Ku ngingo yo kumenya niba indishyi z’ibangamira bukungu SANLAM AG PLC yaciwe zitakurikije amategeko [9] Ingingo ya 18 y’Iteka rya Perezida N 31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo ⁰ kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, iteganya ko,‘’Iyo ari ubumuga buhoraho burengeje 30%, indishyi y'ibangamirabukungu ikorwa hakurikijwe amategeko akurikira: Iyo uwahohotewe akora umurimo ahemberwa, ahabwa amafaranga abarwa hakurikijwe igihembo umuntu atahana, urwego rw'ubumuga n'imyaka ye. (…). Iyo uwahohotewe akora umurimo adahemberwa, cyangwa iyo yakoraga gusa imirimo yo mu rugo, cyangwa se iyo abamufiteho uburenganzira badashobora kwerekana umusaruro we nyakuri ukomora ku murimo, kandi niba yari afite imyaka irenze 16 igihe cy'impanuka, amafaranga agomba guhabwa azabarwa bahereye ku ifatizo ry'inshuro imwe y'umushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko. [10] Iyi ngingo yumvikanisha ko, uburenganzira bwo guhabwa indishyi mu gihe uwahohotewe yagize ubumuga buri hejuru ya 30% kandi yari arengeje imyaka 16 y’amavuko (…). [11] Mu rubanza RC00144/2020/TGI/NGOMA, Urukiko Rwisumbuye mu gace ka [24] havugwa ko, Urukiko rusanga ibangamira ry’uburambe ari indishyi zitangwa ku muntu watakaje uburambe ku kazi yari asanzwe akora, ayo mafaranga akagarukira ku mezi atandatu (6) y’umusaruro abazwe kandi atarengeje inshuro mirongo itatu (30) z’umushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko, bityo, rero Nkusi Bernard wakoze impanuka akagira ubumuga

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bwa 38%, byumvikana ko yatakaje uburambe mu kazi yari asanzwe akora, ku bwibyo akaba akwiye guhabwa 3.000 frwx30x6=540.000 frw, nyamara nubwo ibyo aribyo SANLAM AG PLC yajuririye itigeze ibasha kubivuguruza ikaba itavuguruza ko Nkusi yari umuntu ukuze cyangwa ko yaba atari afite ubushobozi bwo kugira icyo yimariye kandi akaba yaragize ubumuga muganga yemeje ko, bungana na 38% n’urwego rwa gatatu (3) rw’ibikomere (préjudice économique), kandi iyo ngingo ya 18 y’Iteka rya Perezida N 31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo ⁰ kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, itateganya ko usaba izo ndishyi agomba kuba afite icyemezo cy’ umurimo yakoraga cyangwa icy’ umushara nk’ uko uregwa abivuga. Bityo, akaba atabura kugenerwa indishyi nkuko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwabigennye, bivuze rero ko, iyo ngingo y’ubujurire ya SANLAM AG PLC, nta shingiro ifite. 2.Ku kirego kiregera kwiregura [12] Me Sebibanza uburanira Nkusi Bernard yatanze ikirego kiregera kwiregura avuga ko uwo aburanira yashowe mu manza z’amaherere bimutera igihombo asabira indishyi zingana na 400,000Frw ndetse n'igihembo cy'avoka ku rwego rw’ ubujurire kingana na 600,000Frw. Kuri icyo kirego uburanira SANLAM AG PLC yavuze ko, ukujurira ari uburenganzira bemererwa n’amategeko mu gihe bumva batanyuzwe ko bitari uburyo bwo gutinza imanza bityo bakaba basanga nta ndishyi izo arizo zose basabwa. [13] Urukiko rurasanga nubwo uburanira Nkusi Bernard atagaragaje ibimenyetso byerekana ko aya mafaranga asaba koko yakoreshejwe muri uru rubanza kuri uru rwego, kuba baritabye kandi bagakurikirana uru rubanza, bivuze ko, hari ibyo bakoresheje muri uko gukurikirana urubanza, bagomba kugenerwa mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko kuri uru rwego amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo itanu y’ ikurikirana rubanza kuko ayakwa ari ikirenga, ibi Urukiko rukaba rubishingira ku nyandiko z’ abahanga nka Jacques FLOUER, Jean – LUC AUBERT na Eric SAVAUX ivuga ko: “Tout fait quelconque de l’homme qui cause à autrui un dommage, oblige celui par la faute duquel il est arrivé à le réparer1.’’ Mu Kinyarwanda bishatse kuvuga ko : “Igikorwa cyose cy’umuntu cyangirije undi gitegeka nyiri gukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse”. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [14] Rwemeje kwakira ubujurire bwa SANLAM AG PLC nyamara bukaba nta shingiro bufite; [15] Rwemeje ko, urubanza RC00144/2020/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma ku wa 15/10/2021 rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose; [16] Rutegetse Sanlam AG PLC guha Nkusi Bernard 2.880.940frw y’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, 432.000frw y’indishyi y’akababaro, 216.000frw y’indishyi z’ibangamiraburanga na 540.000frw y’indishyi z’ibangamiraburambe mu kazi; 4.711 frw yo kwivuza, ibihumbi ijana (100.000) y’u Rwanda yo gukurikirana urubanza, ibihumbi mirongo ine (40.000) y’u Rwanda yishyuwe umuhesha w’Inkiko n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000) y’igihembo cya Avoka hiyongeyeho ibihumbi mmagana abiri na irongo itanu (250.000FRW yo kuri uru rwego; amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri (20.000) y’u Rwanda yatanze aregera Urukiko,

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itayamusubiza mu minsi umunani (8) kuva urubanza rubaye ndakuka, agakurwa mu mutungo wayo ku ngufu za Leta. [17] Rutegetse ko, ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe muri uru rubanza kuri uru rwego ahwanye n’ibyarukozwemo.