NKUSI v. GUARANTY TRUST (GT) BANK RWANDA PLC

# NKUSI v. GUARANTY TRUST (GT) BANK RWANDA PLC

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2019-11-08 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 00016/2019/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NKUSI v. GUARANTY TRUST (GT) BANK RWANDA PLC [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOMAA 00016/2019/CA (Karimunda, P.J.) 08 Ugushyingo 2019] Amategeko agenga ingwate – Kugena agaciro k’ingwate – Igenagaciro rishingirwaho mu guteza ingwate – Mu gihe habayeho impaka ku gaciro kahawe ingwate mbere y’uko iyo ngwate igurishwa hakwiye gushingirwa ku gaciro kari mu genagaciro ryategetswe n’Urukiko kuko ntaho riba ribogamiye – Iyo ababuranyi babyumvikanyeho ukundi mu bujurire bakimeranywa gushyiraho undi mugenagaciro, ibyemejwe n’uwo mugenagaciro nibyo bishingirwaho. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nkusi yafashe inguzanyo zitandukanye muri GT Bank Rwanda Plc (GT Bank) atangaho ingwate imitungo ye igizwe n’inzu n’ubutaka ayitangaho ingwate, nyuma aza kunanirwa kwishyura imyenda yafashe. GT Bank yatangiye inzira zo guteza cyamunara imitungo yagwatirijwe ishingira ku gaciro imitungo yari ifite mu gihe hagiye gutezwa cyamunara. Nkusi asaba ko hashingirwa ku gaciro imitungo yari ifite ahabwa inguzanyo. Uku kutumvikana kwatumye Nkusi aregera Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi arusaba gukemure impaka zavutse ku gaciro k’imitungo ye itegereje gutezwa cyamunara. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeza ko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite kuko amategeko ataganya ko igihe ingwate igiye kugurishwa haba hagomba gukorwa irindi genagaciro maze runemeza agaciro k’ingwate zigomba kugirshwa, runamutegeka kwishyura igihembo cyahawe abagenagaciro. Nkusi yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi asaba rwasuzuma niba hakorwa irindi genagaciro rivuguruza iryari ryakozwe na GT Bank hajya gutezwa cyamunara. Yasabye kandi gusuzuma niba yatanga igihembo cy’igenagaciro ryakoreshejwe na GT Bank. Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ariko rutegeka atagomba kwishyura igihembo cy’abagenagaciro kuko yari afite uburenganzira bwo gusaba ko hakorwa irindi genagaciro ahubwo ko agomba kwishyura GT Bank 500.000 frw by’igihembo cya Avocat. Nkusi yongeye ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko hakorwa irindi genagaciro, ko kandi Atari akwiye kwishyura igihembo cya Avocat kandi hari ibyo yatsindiye mu rubanza. Mu gihe urubanza rutari rwakaburanishijwe Nkusi yumvikanye na GT Bank ko hashyirwaho undi mugenagaciro anabitangira raporo. Mu miburanire y’urubanza GT ntiyavuguruje raporo yakozwe n’umugenagaciro uretse itariki raporo yakoreweho yangengaga. Incamake y’icyemezo: Impaka zibaye ku gaciro kahawe ingwate mbere y’uko iyo ngwate igurishwa gushingira ku gaciro kari mu genagaciro ryategetswe n’Urukiko. Icyakora, mu gihe ababuranyi babyumvikanyeho ukundi mu rubanza bakiburana bakimeranywa gushyiraho undi mugenagaciro, ibyemejwe n’uwo mugenagaciro nibyo bishingirwaho. Bityo, cyamunara igomba gushingira ku igenagaciro ryakozwe bisabwe n’impande zombi mu nama ntegurarubanza mu gihe nta muburanyi wayivuguruje no kugira ngo nyiri umutungo adatezwa igihombo naryo. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Imikirize y’urubanza no RCOMA 00478/2018/HC/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 14/12/2018 ihindutse ku bijyanye n’agaciro k’umutungo

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ugomba gushingirwaho hatezwa cyamunara umutungo ubaruwe kuri UPI 1/02/10/02/4225 no kuri UPI 1/02/10/01/187. Uregwa agomba gusubiza amagarama y’urubanza. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko no 17/2010 ryo ku wa 12/05/2010 rishyiraho kandi rikagena imikorere y’umwuga w’igenagaciro ku mutungo utimukanwa, Ingingo ya 36. Itegeko nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, Ingingo ya 3. Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru no 03/2010/0RG yo ku wa 16/11/2010 agenga ibyerekeye gukodesha, kugurisha muri cyamunara ndetse no kwegukana ingwate, Ingingo ya 8. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] NKusi Godfrey yafashe inguzanyo zitandukanye muri GT Bank Rwanda Plc, imitungo ye igizwe n’inzu n’ubutaka ayitangaho ingwate, nyuma aza kunanirwa kwishyura imyenda yafashe. GT Bank Rwanda Plc yatangiye inzira zo guteza cyamunara imitungo yagwatirijwe, Nkusi Godfrey asaba ko hashingirwa ku gaciro imitungo yari ifite ahabwa inguzanyo, ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate avuga ko hakwiye gushingirwa ku gaciro imitungo ifite igihe igiye gutezwa cyamunura. Nkusi Godfrey na GT Bank Rwanda Plc bananiwe kumvikana ku gaciro gatandukanye kahawe iyo mitungo yagombaga gutezwa cyamunara, bituma Nkusi Godfrey aregera Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi arusaba gukemure impaka zavutse ku gaciro k’imitungo ye itegereje gutezwa cyamunara. [2] Mu rubanza no RC0M 00135/2018/TC (RCOM 00290/2018/TC/NYGE) rwaciwe ku wa 08/06/2018, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze ibivugwa na Nkusi Godfrey ko cyamunara ikwiye gushingira ku gaciro imitungo ye yari afite ubwo yahabwaga inguzanyo binyuranye n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 14 y’Itegeko no 10/2009 ryo ku wa 14/05/2009 ryerekeye ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa n’ingingo ya 8 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru no 03/2010/ORG yo ku wa 16/11/2010 agenga ibyerekeye gukodesha, kugurisha muri cyamunara ndetse no kwegukana ingwate, zigaragaza ko igihe ingwate igiye kugurishwa haba hagomba gukorwa irindi genagaciro. Urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego nta shingiro gifite, ko agaciro k’inzu iri muri UPI 1/02/10/02/4225 iherereye mu Mudugudu wa Nyirabwana, Akagari ka Kibagabaga, Umurenge wa Kimironko, Akarere ka Gasabo ari 895.323.741 Frw, ak’inzu iri muri UPI 1/02/10/01/187 iherereye mu Mudugudu w’Akarambo, Akagari ka Gacuriro, Umurenge wa Kinyinya, Akarere ka Gasabo ari 264.917.136 Frw, ak’ubutaka bufite UPI 1/02/14/06/626 buherereye mu Mudugudu wa Rugarama, Akagari ka Mbandazi, Umurenge wa Rusororo, Akarere ka Gasabo ari 10.040.786 Frw, ak’ubutaka bufite UPI 1/02/14/06/659 buherereye mu Mudugudu wa Rugarama, Akagari ka Mbandazi, Umurenge wa Rusororo, Akarere ka Gasabo ari 4.728.786 Frw, rutegeka Nkusi Godfrey guha GT Bank 2.500.000 Frw yishyuye abagenagaciro.

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[3] Nkusi Godfrey ntiyanyuzwe n’icyo cyemezo, ajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi asaba ko hasuzumwa niba hakorwa irindi genagaciro no kuba akwiye gusubiza GT Bank amafaranga yatanze hakorwa igenagaciro ryemejwe n’Urukiko. Mu rubanza nº RCOMA 00478/2018/CHC/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 14/12/2018, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze ibyo NKUSI Godfrey asaba by’uko hashyirwaho indi nteko y’abagenagaciro bitahabwa ishingiro kuko itegeko risaba ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate (receiver) gukoresha igenagaciro mbere yo kuyigurisha. Urukiko rwasanze ariko NKUSI Godfrey ataragombaga kwishyura igihembo cy’abagenagaciro bashyizweho n’Urukiko kuko bigaragara ko yari afite ukuri ko gusaba ko hakorwa irindi genagaciro, rwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse kuri icyo gusa, rutegeka NKUSI Godfrey kwishyura GT Bank Rwanda Plc 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. [4] Nkusi Godfrey ntiyanyuzwe n’icyo cyemezo, ajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire arusaba gusuzuma niba hakorwa irindi genagaciro ku mitungo ye igomba gutezwa cyamunara no kumenya niba akwiye gutegekwa kwishyura igihembo cya Avoka wenyine kandi hari ibyo yatsindiye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi. [5] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 04/11/2019, Nkusi Godfrey yunganiwe na Me Muhiganwa Damas na Me Nkusi Eric, GT Bank Rwanda Plc ihagarariwe na Me Bimenyimana Eric na Me Uwanyirigira Delphine. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO II.1 Kumenya igenagaciro rikwiye gushingirwaho hatezwa cyamunara imitungo ya Nkusi Godfrey. [6] Nkusi Godfrey avuga ko kunanirwa kwishyura umwenda abereyemo GT Bank Rwanda Plc byatewe n’uko yakatiwe igihano cy’igifungo, ko afata umwenda banki yari yakoresheje igenagaciro ku mutungo we ubaruwe kuri UPI: 1/02/09/02/4225, uhabwa agaciro ka 1.601.121.878 Frw, igihe cyo guteza cyamunara kigeze, uwo mutungo uhabwa agaciro ka 485.000.000 Frw, abyanze banki ikoresha irindi genaciro ryahaye uwo mutungo agaciro ka 805.040.200 Frw, naryo araryanga ahubwo yiyambaza Urugaga rw’Abagenagaciro, abagenagaciro bashyizweho n’urugaga bemeza ko umutungo ufite agaciro ka 514.366.875 Frw. Avuga ko yabonye impaka zitarangiye yiyambaza Urukiko, umuhanga rwashyizeho yemeza ko umutungo ufite agaciro ka 895.323.741 Frw, nako akaba atakemera kuko katubije cyane umutungo we, ari yo mpamvu mu nama ntegurarubanza imbere y’uru Rukiko yasabye GT Bank Rwanda Ltd kumwemerera gukoresha irindi genagaciro, ikabyemera, umuhanga akaba agaragaza ko umutungo we ufite agaciro ka 1.008.362.415 Frw, nubwo nayo ari make ugereranyije n’agaciro umutungo wari ufite utangwaho ingwate, asaba uru Rukiko kwemeza ko agaciro k’umutungo ari ako impande zombi zumvikanyeho mu nama ntegurarubanza. [7] Me Muhiganwa Damas na Me Nkusi Eric, bamwunganira, bavuga ko mu rwego rw’amategeko ntacyo banenga icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, basaba uru Rukiko kurengera umutungo wa Nkusi Godfrey hagashingirwa ku genagaciro ryatanzwe afata inguzanyo, ibyo bitakunda hagashingirwa ku igenagaciro ryakozwe impande zombi zibyumvikanyeho mu nama ntegurarubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire cyangwa se uru Rukiko rugategeka ko hakorwa irindi genagaciro kuko ntakibirubuza.

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[8] Me Bimenyimana Eric na Me Uwanyirigira Delphine baburanira GT Bank Rwanda Plc bavuga ko igenagaciro ryaba ryarakozwe n’ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate rikemeza ko umutungo ufite agaciro ka 485.000.000 Frw ntaryo bazi, ko ntaryigeze riburanwaho mu nkiko zabanje cyangwa ngo rigaragare mu ngingo z’ubujurire za Nkusi Godfrey. Basobanura ko mu gihe ntacyo Nkusi Godfrey n’abamwunganira banenga icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, basanga nta n’icyo bavuga ku igenagaciro ryaba ryaremewe na GT Bank Rwanda Plc mu nama ntegurarubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, bakaba ahubwo basaba uru Rukiko kwemeza ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite, hagahamishwaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [9] Ingingo ya 8 y’Amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru no 03/2010/0RG yo ku wa 16/11/2010 agenga ibyerekeye gukodesha, kugurisha muri cyamunara ndetse no kwegukana ingwate iteganya ko: «Mbere y’iminsi 15 kugira ngo igurisha ribe, uwahawe inshingano zo kugurisha ingwate akoresha igenagaciro ry’umutungo wagwatirijwe.» [10] Ingingo ya 36 y’Itegeko no 17/2010 ryo ku wa 12/05/2010 rishyiraho kandi rikagena imikorere y’umwuga w’igenagaciro ku mutungo utimukanwa iteganya ko : "Mu gihe habaye kutemeranya ku igenagaciro ry’umutungo utimukanwa, ukeka ko yarenganye ashyikiriza ikirego cye Urwego. Icyo gihe Urwego rushyiraho abandi bagenagaciro bemewe bagakoresha uburyo bushya bw’igenagaciro. Iyo impaka zidakemutse, ikirego gishyikirizwa Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha."

[11] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko mu mitungo Nkusi Godfrey yatanzeho ingwate kugirango ahabwe inguzanyo na GT Bank Rwanda Plc harimo inzu ibaruwe kuri UPI 1/02/10/02/4225, icyo gihe ikaba yari ifite agaciro ka 1.601.121.878 Frw, igihe cyo kugurisha ingwate kigeze, ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate akoresha igenagaciro ryagaragaje ko uwo mutungo ufite agaciro ka 805.040.200 Frw, Nkusi Godfrey ntiyabyishimira, bituma asaba Urwego rw’Abagenagaciro gukoresha irindi genagaciro, ari naryo ryaje ryemeza ko umutungo ufite agaciro ka 514.366.875 Frw, nabyo ntiyabyishimira, yiyambaza Urukiko, narwo rushyiraho umugenagaciro wemeje ko uwo mutungo ufite agaciro ka 895.323.741 Frw. [12] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza mu gika cya 17 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze nubwo mu guhabwa inguzanyo uwayihawe atanga agaciro k’ingwate, mbere yo kuyigurisha, Ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate asabwa n’itegeko kubanza gukoresha irindi genagaciro, ariko utaryishimiye akaba afite uburenganzira bwo gusaba ko hakorwa irindi, rwanzura ko kuba NKUSI Godfrey yaranyuze muri izo nzira zose kugeza ubwo atangiye ikirego mu Rukiko, bikwiye ko mu rwego rwo gukumira amananiza ashobora gukorwa hasabwa amagenagaciro anyuranye kugirango igurisha ry’ingwate riburizwemo, hakwiye kujya hagenderwa ku gaciro katanzwe n’abagenagaciro bashyizweho n’Urukiko nk’urwego rwa nyuma mu gushyiraho abagenagaciro. Urukiko rwanzuye ko mu gihe igenaciro ryakozwe n’abahanga bashyizweho n’Urukiko ntaho riba ribogamiye, kandi, ku birebana n’uru rubanza, ababuranyi bakaba ntacyo barinenze, ko bikwiye ko ari ryo rigenderwaho. [13] Urukiko rurasanga umurongo wemejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi w’uko mu gihe habayeho impaka ku gaciro kahawe ingwate mbere y’uko iyo ngwate igurishwa hakwiye

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gushingirwa ku gaciro kari mu genagaciro ryategetswe n’Urukiko kuko ntaho riba ribogamiye ufite ishingiro cyane cyane iyo ntacyo umuburanyi anenga iryo genagaciro, ibyo kandi bihuye n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 36 y’Itegeko nº 17/2010 ryo ku wa 12/05/2010 rishyiraho kandi rikagena imikorere y’umwuga w’igenagaciro ku mutungo utimukanwa ivuga ko iyo habaye kutemeranya ku igenagaciro ry’umutungo utimukanwa, ukeka ko yarenganye ashyikiriza ikirego cye Urwego rw’Abagenagaciro, hagakorwa irindi genagaciro, atanyurwa akiyambaza Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha. [14] Urukiko rurasanga ku bijyanye n’uru rubanza impande zombi zemeranya n’umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, ariko bageze mu nama ntegurarubanza yabaye muri uru Rukiko ku wa 10/06/2019, GT Bank Rwanda Ltd isoza ivuga ko «nta kibazo gihari cyo gushyiraho umugenagaciro, ko kandi uwo Urukiko ruzemeza uwo ari we wese GT Bank Ltd izamwemera … », isaba ko « hashyirwaho abahanga batatu, Nkusi Godfrey akazabishyura », mu gusoza iyo nama ntegurarubanza hemejwe ko «Ababuranyi bombi bumvikanye ko bagiye kumvikana ku bahanga batatu (3)…». Mu nama ntegurarubanza yabaye ku wa 10/07/2019, GT Bank Rwanda Plc yasabwe kugira icyo ivuga ku igenegaciro ryakozwe, ivuga ko «expertise igaragazwa itakozwe mu buryo bari bumvikanyeho ku wa 10/06/2019, ko itahabwa agaciro hashingiwe ku kuba Nkusi Godfrey atarifuje gusanga GT Bank Rwanda Ltd kugirango bumvikane ku bahanga, ko kandi habayeho correspondances zitandukanye kugirango bumvikane bikananirana.» [15] Urukiko rurasanga icyo GT Bank Rwanda Plc inenga ari uko itashyikirijwe igenagaciro ryakozwe nyuma y’inama ntegurarubanza, ikongera ikavuga ko ryanditseho itariki ya mbere yo ku wa 10/06/2019, umunsi bemeranya ko rizakorwa kandi ko muri dosiye hashyizwemo impapuro ebyiri gusa aho gushyiramo raporo yose, GT Bank Rwanda Plc isaba uru Rukiko «kuzasuzuma ibijyanye na expertise ebyiri zatanzwe gusa zakozwe ku mutungo ufite no UPI 02/09/02/4225, ufite agaciro ka 1.008.362.415 Frw n’undi mutungo ubaruwe kuri UPI 1/02/10/01/187 ufite agaciro kangana na 464.867.749 Frw», byumvikanisha ko GT Bank Rwanda Ltd yari ifite inyungu mu kuguma ku igenagaciro ryemejwe n’Urukiko yisubiyeho, yemera ko Nkusi Godfrey akoresha irindi genagaciro kuri uwo mutungo. [16] Urukiko rusanga kandi haba mu nama ntegurarubanza cyangwa mu gihe cy’iburanisha nta kintu gifatika (substance) GT Bank Rwanda Ltd yanenze igenagaciro ryakoreshejwe na NKUSI Godfrey nyuma y’icibwa ry’urubanza no RCOMAA 000478/2018/CHC/HCC uretse ibijyanye n’itariki ryakoreweho, kuba itaragize uruhare mu kwemeza umuhanga no kuba itaramenyeshejwe raporo y’igenagaciro, ariko ikiyibagiza ko ku wa 10/06/2019 yari yasabye ko hashyirwaho abahanga, Nkusi Godfrey akazabishyura, ikaba itaburanisha kuba Nkusi Godfrey yarashyizeho umuhanga itabanje kumwemeza kandi nayo yari yihaye inshingano zo gufatanya nawe gushaka abahanga bari gukora iryo genagaciro, imbere y’uru Rukiko ikaba itagaragza icyo yakoze kugirango iyo nshingano yari yihaye yubahirizwe. [17] Urukiko rurasanga kuba GT Bank Rwanda Plc ariyo yari ifite inyungu mu kugumishaho igenagaciro ryasabwe kandi rikemezwa n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku mutungo ubaruwe kuri UPI: 1/02/10/02/4225, ariko ikabirengaho, ikemeranya na Nkusi Godfrey ko hakorwa irindi genagaciro, iryakozwe rikaba ntacyo irinenga haba mu buhanga bwa DAVE GROUPS Ltd yarikoze, haba mu nteruro z’ibyasuzumwe cyangwa agaciro ka 1.008.362.415 Frw umuhanga yasanze uwo mutungo ufite, kandi bikaba bigaragara ko hagati y’iryo genagaciro n’iryemejwe

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n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi harimo ikinyuranyo cya 113.038.674 Frw, ku buryo kunyuranya n’ubushake bw’ababuranyi bombi bugaragarira muri raporo y’inama ntegurarubanza byatera nyir’umutungo ndetse n’abandi igihombo kitari ngombwa, birakwiye ko cyamunara ishingira ku igenagaciro ryakozwe bisabwe n’impande zombi mu nama ntegurarubanza muri uru Rukiko. [18] Urukiko rurasanga mu gihe GT Bank Rwanda Plc yivugiye mu nama ntegurarubanza ko ibyo isaba ku mutungo ubaruwe kuri UPI 01/02/09/02/4225 ari nabyo bikorwa ku mutungo ubaruwe kuri UPI 01/02/10/01/187 wari warahawe agaciro ka 264.917.136 Frw n’umuhanga washyizweho n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, ariko nyuma yaho umuhanga washyizweho na Nkusi Godfrey amaze ku byumvikanaho na GT Bank Rwanda Plc mu nama ntegurarubanza imbere y’uru Rukiko akemeza ko uwo mutungo ufite agaciro ka 464.867.749 Frw, kandi hakaba ntacyo GT Bank Rwanda Plc yanenze iryo genagaciro, byumvikanisha ko no ku mutungo ubaruwe kuri UPI : 01/02/10/01/187 hagomba kugenderwa kuri raporo y’igenagaciro yakozwe hagendewe ku byifuzo by’impande zombi mu nama ntegurarubanza imbere y’uru Rukiko yemeza ko uwo mutungo ufite agaciro ka 464.867.749 Frw. II.2 Kumenya niba Nkusi Godfrey yari gutegekwa kwishyura igihembo cya Avoka mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi. [19] Me Muhiganwa Damas na Me Nkusi Eric bunganira Nkusi Godfrey bavuga ko mu byo NKUSI Godfrey yari yajuririye harimo kuba Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwari rwamutegetse kwishyura GT Bank Rwanda Plc 2.500.000 Frw yahawe abagenagciro. Basobanura ko kuri iyi ngingo, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze ubujurire bufite ishingiro, rutegeka ko ayo mafaranga avanwaho, ariko rugiye kwanzura mu gika cya 39 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, rumutegeka kwishyura GT Bank Rwanda Plc igihembo cya Avoka kingana na 500.000 Frw, nyamara bigaragara ko impamvu z’ubujurire yatanze yazitsindiye, Nkusi Godfrey akaba asanga adakwiye gutegekwa kwishyura igihembo cya Avoka mu gihe ubujurire bwe bwahawe ishingiro kuri bimwe. [20] Me Bimenyimana Eric avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwagaragaje ko Nkusi Godfrey yakomeje kuyishora mu manza z’amaherere bigatuma igira ibyo itakaza mu gukurikirana imanza harimo no gushaka avoka uyiburanira, akaba ariyo mpamvu ibyo yatakaje byose agomba kubyishyura kuko ari we nyirabayazana w’icyo gihombo yayiteje. Asobanura ko Nkusi Godfrey atabashije kuvuguruza ibyo Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwashingiyeho by’uko ari we wanze kwemera amagenagaciro yose yakozwe, amwe muriyo hakaba nta ruhare GT Bank Rwanda Plc yayagizemo kugira ngo akorwe, ariyo mpamvu asanga nta makosa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze rumutegeka ko yishyura igihembo cya Avoka. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [21] Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri ku ibyo aburana. [22] Urukiko rurasanga dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, Nkusi Godfrey yari yasabye ko hakorwa irindi genagaciro no gusuzuma niba akwiye gucibwa 2.500.000 Frw yishyuwe abagenagaciro, ku ngingo ya mbere, Urukiko rusanga ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ku ngingo ya kabiri rusanga bufite ishingiro, Urukiko rukaba rutari gusuzuma iyo ngingo ya kabiri iyo aba atarayijuririye, kubikora hanyuma Urukiko rugasanga yari afite ukuri,

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ntabwo bikwiye gufatwa nko gukomeza gushora GT Bank Rwanda Ltd mu manza z’amaherere, bityo nubwo Nkusi Godfrey atari yireguye kuri iyo ngingo ijyanye n’igihembo cya Avoka, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze amakosa yo kwemeza ko ubujure bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe no kuvuga ko Nkusi Godfrey yashoye GT Bank Rwanda Ltd mu manza nta mpamvu, bityo 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka Nkusi Godfrey yaciwe akaba agomba kuvaho. II.3 Kumenya niba indishyi zisabwa ku mpande zombi zatangwa [23] Nkusi Godfrey asaba Urukiko kwemeza ko GT Bank Rwanda Plc yirengera igihombo yamuteje imushora mu manza ku maherere, igategekwa kwishyura igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza byose hamwe bihwanye na 3.000.000 Frw kuko iyo GT Bank Rwanda Plc iza gukoresha igenagaciro rikwiye aba ataririwe agana inkiko. [24] GT Bank Rwanda Ltd ivuga ko indishyi Nkusi Godfrey asaba nta shingiro zifite, igasaba kwishyurwa 1.000.000 Frw y'igihembo cya Avoka kubera gushorwa mu manza, NKUSI Godfrey akavuga ko nta ndishyi cyangwa igihembo cya Avoka yaha GT Bank kuko ariyo yamushoye mu manza. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [25] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko «Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe.» [26] Urukiko rurasanga Nkusi Godfrey yarajuriye muri uru Rukiko asaba ko hakorwa irindi genagaciro, GT Bank mu nama ntegurarubanza yemera ko rikorwa, ikindi cyajurije Nkusi Godfrey akaba ari uko yaciwe igihembo cya Avoka nyamara Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwari rumaze kwemeza ko imwe mu ngingo ze z’ubujurire ifite ishingiro, kugirango agaragaze uburenganzira bwe imbere y’uru Rukiko bikaba byarabaye ngombwa ko yiyambaza ba Avoka babihemberwa, bityo amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka asaba akaba ayakwiriye, ariko akagenwa mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko kuko atagaragaza aho ashingira asaba 3.000.000 Frw, ariyo mpamvu agenewe 1.000.000 Frw akubiyemo ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [27] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nkusi Godfrey bufite ishingiro; [28] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza no RCOMA 00478/2018/HC/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 14/12/2018 ihindutse ku bijyanye n’agaciro k’umutungo ugomba gushingirwaho hatezwa cyamunara umutungo ubaruwe kuri UPI 1/02/10/02/4225 no kuri UPI 1/02/10/01/187;

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[29] Rutegetse ko igenagaciro rikwiye gushingirwaho ku mutungo ubaruwe kuri UPI 1/02/10/02/4225 ari iryemeza ko uwo mutungo ufite agaciro ka 1.008.362.415 Frw, naho irikwiye gushingirwaho ku mutungo ubaruwe kuri UPI 1/02/10/01/187 ari iryemeza ko uwo mutungo ufite agaciro ka 464.867.749 Frw ; [30] Rwemeje ko amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoca NKUSI Godfrey yaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi avuyeho; [31] Rutegetse GT Bank Rwanda Plc kwishyura Nkusi Godfrey 1.000.000 Frw akubiyemo ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego; [32] Rutegetse GT Bank Rwanda Plc gusubiza Nkusi Godfrey amagarama yatanze kuri uru rubanza.