UBUSHINJACYAHA v NSANZIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v NSANZIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-30 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00527/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

## Text

## Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA v NSANZIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00527/2023/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.) 24 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ibihano – Igabanyagihano - Iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo amaze kugaragaza ko urukiko rwabanje rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nsanzimana yafatanwe ibiro 2 by’urumogi, Ubushinjacyaha bumukorera dosiye bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bumusabira igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000 Frw. Nsabimana yaburanye ahakana icyaha avuga ko igikapu cyarimo urwo rumogi cyasizwe iwe na Muhire wamusabye kukimubikira akibika atarazi ibirimo, hanyuma Muhire ajya guhuruza inzego z’umutekano ziraza ziramufata. Urukiko rushingiye ku buhamya n’ibimenyetso bitandukanye, rwemeje ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha ashinjwa rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 25.000.000 Frw. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko yemera icyaha cyo gufatanwa urumogi bityo ko aricyo yakurikiranwaho akagabanyirizwa n’ibihano. Urukiko rwasanze ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite ariko rusanga akwiye kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko n’ubwo yafatanywe ibiyobyabwenge byinshi ariko atari byinshi cyane ndetse urumogi yafatanywe rukaba rwarafatiriwe rutarakwirakwizwa muri rubanda, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5 000 000 Frw. Uregwa ntiyanyuzwe n’icyo cyemezo akijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi maze Uru rukiko rusuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba yakongera kugabanyirizwa ndetse akanasubikirwa igihano. Asaobanura ko yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi ndetse akaba ari n’ubwa mbere akoze icyaha kandi akaba yaramaze no kugororoka bityo akaba yagabanyirizwa igihano ndetse kikanasubikwa akajya kwita ku bana be. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Nsanzimana atakongera kugabanyirizwa kuko mu Rukiko Rukuru yagabanyirijwe bihagije aho yakuwe ku gihano cya burundu agashyirwa ku myaka 15 ndetse n’ihazabu nayo ikaba yaragabanyijwe cyane kandi akaba atagaragaza ko urukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko. Bukomeza vuga ko atasubikirwa igihano kuko hasubikirwa uwahanishijwe igihano kiri munsi y’imyaka 5. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo amaze kugaragaza ko urukiko rwabanje rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

## Page 2

Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2,3. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 00060/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara n’abandi rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku itariki ya 17/01/2020, Nsanzimana Nuru yafatanywe ibiro bibiri (2 kgs) by’urumogi. Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba kwemeza ko kimuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw). [2] Nsanzimana Nuru yaburanye ahakana icyaha, avuga ko urumogi rwafitiwe iwe ari urwa MUHIRE Daniel, ko uyu yazindukiye iwe amubitsa igikapu, akibika atazi ko harimo urumogi, amaze kukibika MUHIRE Daniel ahita ajya gutanga amakuru ko Nsanzimana Nuru acuruza urumogi, bahita baza kumufata. [3] Mu rubanza N° RP 00025/2020/TGI/NYBE rwaciwe ku wa 05/02/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe rwasanze hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko Nsanzimana Nuru acucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, birimo:

ubuhamya bwa Muhire Daniel na Mutuyimana Célestin bamushinja ko ariwe wabagurishije urumogi bafatanywe;

ubuhamya bwa Hatungimana Védaste n’ubwa Sgt Mukurana Emmanuel bemeza ko bamufatanye ibiro bibiri (2 kgs) by’urumogi bamaze kumufata abemerera ko ari urwe;

raporo ya polisi yemeza ko bahawe amakuru ko Nsanzimana Nuru acuru ibiyobyabwenge bagiye iwe bamusangana ibiro bibiri (2 kgs) by’urumogi abemerera ko ari urwe;

inyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’urumogi Nsanzimana Nuru yafatanywe akemera gusinyira ko arufatanywe;

kuba mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 30/01/2020 Nsanzimana Nuru yaremeye ko yafatanywe ibiro bibiri (2 kgs) by’urumogi yari abitse iwe murugo. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwemeje ko Nsanzimana Nuru ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’eshanu (25.000.000 Frw). [4] Nsanzimana Nuru yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, asaba ko yahanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge kuko adacuruza urumogi, avuga ko urumogi yafatanywe

## Page 3

yari yarubikijwe na Muhire Daniel wahise atanga amakuru bakarumufatana, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kuri icyo cyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa agahanishwa igihano cyo gukora imirimo y’inyungu rusange. [5] Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite kuko uretse no kuba hari abatangabuhamya bamushinja ko acuruza ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi), n’ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge yafanywe (ibiro bibiri by’urumogi) nayo ubwayo ari nini ku buryo atavuga ko byari ibyo kunywa, ahubwo bigaragara ko yabicuruzaga abiha abandi, bityo ko igihano yahanishijwe cyagumaho kuko atashoboye kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho ku rwego rwa mbere mu kumuhamya icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge. [6] Mu rubanza N° RPA 00168/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe ku wa 08/12/2023, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwasanze ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe, bihagije ngo hemezwe ko Nsanzimana Nuru ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi aho kuba icyo kubifatanwa, rusanga ariko akwiye kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko n’ubwo yafatanywe ibiyobyabwenge byinshi ariko atari byinshi cyane ndetse urumogi yafatanywe rukaba rwarafatiriwe rutarakwirakwizwa muri rubanda; ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5 000 000 Frw). [7] Nsanzimana Nuru yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa N° RPAA 00527/2023/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 10/01/2025, Nsanzimana Nuru yunganiwe na Me Rubayiza Joseph, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habimana Jean Cabien, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [8] Nsanzimana Nuru n’umwunganira basaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko yemera icyaha agasaba imbabazi, akaba ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icya ndetse akaba amaze kugororoka, basaba kandi ko igihano yahabwa cyasubikwa kubera ko ariwe utunze umuryango. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Nsanzimana Nuru atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije ahabwa igihano gito ntarenga giteganyirijwe icyaha yakoze akaba atagaragaza niba Urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano, avuga kandi ko isubikagihano Nsanzimana Nuru asaba adakwiye kurihabwa kuko yahanishijwe igihano kirenze imyaka itanu (5) y’igifungo. [10] Hakurikijwe izo mpaka, muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Nsanzimana Nuru yakongera kugabanyirizwa ndetse akanasubikirwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Ibyerekeye kumenya niba Nsanzimana Nuru yakongera kugabanyirizwa ndetse akanasubikirwa igihano [11] Nsanzimana Nuru na Me RUBAYIZA Joseph umwunganira, basaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko yemera icyaha agasaba imbabazi, akaba ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icya ndetse akaba amaze kugororoka ku buryo aho afungiwe muri Gereza aba muri “club” irwanya ibiyobyabwenge, basaba kandi ko igihano yahabwa cyasubikwa kubera ko ariwe utunze

## Page 4

umuryango, ubu abana bakaba banyanyagiye badafite uko bajya ku ishuri, uwo bashakanye akaba nta kazi agira yabasha gukuraho ibitunga umuryango. [12] Ku bijyanye n’amategeko yashingirwaho, basaba ko hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 491, iya 592 n’iya 643 z’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, maze Nsanzimana Nuru akongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, ndetse igihano yahabwa kigasubikwa akajya kwita ku muryango we. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjaha avuga ko Nsanzimana Nuru atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko mu Rukiko Rukuru yagabanyirijwe bihagije akurwa ku gifungo cya burundu n’ihaza y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’eshanu (25.000.000 Frw), ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihaza y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw), akaba atagaragaza ko Urukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano, mu gihe kongera kukigabanya bishoboka gusa igihe igihano yahawe kitajyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, byongeye kandi igihano yahanishijwe kikaba aricyo gihano gito ntarengwa giteganywa n’amategeko ku cyaha yahamijwe. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha asaba ko hashingirwa ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza N° RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 7/03/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, uvuga ko uregwa atongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yaragabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe no ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko iyo Umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano cyo gufungwa burundu ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15); maze rukemeza ko ntaho rwahera rwongera kugabanyiriza igihano Nsanzimana Nuru kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije agahanishwa igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze kandi ari nacyo gihano gito ntarengwa giteganyirijwe icyo cyaha yakoze. [15] Ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano risabwa na Nsanzimana Nuru, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko adakwiye kurihabwa kuko ryemerwa gusa ku muntu wahanishijwe igifungo kitarenze imyaka itanu (5), ariko we akaba yarahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Uko Urukiko rubibona [16] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw)

1 Ivuga ko: “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo”. 2 Ivuga ko “Umucamanza ashobora kugabanya ibihano nk’iyo: …… 3º mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere, ushinjwa yireze akemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywa”. 3 Ivuga ko “Isubikagihano ni icyemezo cy’urukiko gihagarika irangizarubanza ku gihano itegeko riteganyiriza igifungo kitarengeje imyaka itanu (5). Isubikagihano ritangwa hashingiwe ku buremere bw’icyaha. Icyemezo cy’urukiko gisubika igihano kigomba kuba kigaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kandi gifatwa mu rubanza rumwe n’urw’icyaha ruburanisha. Gishobora gutegeka isubika ry’igifungo cyose cyangwa igice cyacyo”.

## Page 5

Nsanzimana Nuru yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza gikwiye kugabanywa ndetse kikanasubikwa. a. Ku bijyanye n’igabanyagihano risabwa na Nsanzimana Nuru [17] Ku birebana no kugabanya igihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …; (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, … (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.” [18] Naho ibirebana no kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu yonyine y’ubujurire, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza N° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu manza zitandukanye zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo n’urubanza Nº RPAA 00109/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na NkebukandE Claver. [19] Mu bika bikurikira harasuzumwa niba mu guhanisha Nsanzimana Nuru igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, Urukiko rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa se ubushishozi bwarwo. [20] Nk’uko bigaragara mu manza zabanje bikaba byanibukijwe mu gice cy’imiterere y’urubanza, mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe, Nsanzimana Nuru yarezwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, aburana agihakana, ariko Urukiko rusanga hari ibimenyetso bikimuhamya, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’eshanu (25.000.000 Frw). Mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza Nsanzimana Nuru yajuriye ahakana icyaha, Urukiko rusanga kimimuhama, ariko gabanyirijwe igihano kuko n’ubwo yafatanywe ibiyobyabwenge byinshi ariko atari byinshi cyane ndetse urumogi yafatanywe rukaba rwarafatiriwe rutarakwirakwizwa muri rubanda, ahaninshwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga hashingiwe ku ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru ibihano Nsanzimana Nuru yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru,

## Page 6

ari byo bito bishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bikaba bidakwiye kongera kugabanywa. b. Ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano risabwa na Nsanzimana Nuru [22] Ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano, ingingo ya 3, agace ka (1) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ivuga ko “Iyo uwakatiwe nta kindi gihano cy’igifungo kirenga amezi 6 yahanishijwe mbere, urukiko rukoresheje icyemezo gisobanura impamvu, rushobora gutegeka gusubika irangiza ry’igihano cyose cyangwa igice cy’igihano cy’iremezo cyangwa cy’ingereka, iyo igihano cy’iremezo cy’igifungo umuntu yakatiwe kitarenze imyaka 5”. [23] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga isubikagihano Nsanzimana Nuru asaba adakwiye kurihabwa kuko ryemerwa gusa ku muntu wahanishijwe igihano cy’iriremezo cy’igifungo kitarenze imyaka itanu (5) ariko we akaba ahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Rurasanga rero ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nsanzimana Nuru nta shingiro bufite, hakaba hagomba kugumaho imikirize y’urubanza yajuririye. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [24] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nsanzimana Nuru nta shingiro bufite; [25] Rwemeje ko urubanza N° RPA 00168/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 08/12/2023, rudahindutse; [26] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta kuko Nsanzimana Nuru yajuriye afunze akaba asonewe kuyatanga.