UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. NSENGIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. NSENGIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-13 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00324/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. NSENGIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00324/2024/CA (Kanyange, P.J.,) 13 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi yamavuko (17) – Kugabanyirizwa igihano – Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nsengimana Diogène w’imyaka cumi n’ikenda y’amavuko (19) yasambanyije umwana w’umukokobwa wari ufite imyaka 17 wahawe izina rya U.A mu manza zabanje, batangira kubana nk’umugabo n’umugore, bimenyekanye arafatwa ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha butangira gukora iperereza. Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana byakurikiwe no kubana nk’umugabo n’umugore, bushingiye ku kuba yaremeye icyaha mu nzego z’iperereza, maze bumusabira igifungo cya burundu. Nsengimana yaburanye yemera ko yasambanyije A.U ndetse bakabana nk’umugore n’umugabo ariko ko atibutse kugenzura niba yari yujuje imyaka y’ubukure kuko yabonaga ari mukuru, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano n’icyo ahawe kigasubikwa. Urukiko rwaciye urubanza maze rusanga Nsengimana yarakoze icyaha akurikiranweho kubera ko yacyemeye, bityo ko akwiye guhanwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25), ariko kuberako yemeye icyaha akagisabira imbabazi, ibyo byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, maze rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana byakurikiwe no kumugira umugore, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). Nsengimana Diogène yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko yahawe igihano kirekire kandi yaremeye icyaha kuva agifatwa no mu Rukiko akomeza kucyemera anasaba imbabazi, bityo ko byagombaga kumubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha akagabanyirizwa igihano. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite, kuko uregwa yagabanyirijwe ibihano mu buryo buhagije. Urukiko rwaciye urubanza rusanga n’ubwo Urukiko rwa mbere rwagabanyirije uregwa igihano rushingiye ku kuba yaremeye icyaha rukamuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20), hari izindi mpamvu zari gushingirwaho icyo gihano kikagabanywa birushijeho, zigizwe no kuba yarakoze icyaha akiva mu buto kuko yari afite imyaka 19, no kuba aribwo bwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi, bityo rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15).

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Nsengimana yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko ubujurire bwe bugamije gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, maze agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka irindwi (7). Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha avuga ko iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire Urukiko rutayiha agaciro kuko impamvu atanga asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano zashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru aragabanyirizwa, ko kandi igihano yahawe ari cyo gito giteganywa n’Itegeko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha avuga kandi ko iby’uko igihano cyari kugabanywa kugeza ku myaka itanu (5) hashingiye ku manza zaciwe mbere nabyo nta shingiro bifite, bityo ko hagumaho igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) yahanishijwe kuko aricyo gito gishobora gutangwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo. Ubujurire nta shingiro.

Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N°68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49 Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 Urubanza RPAA 00518/2023/CA, rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Nizeyimana Martin, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/09/2024 Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 25/10/2020, Nsengimana Diogène yasambanyije umwana w’umukokobwa wari ufite imyaka 17 wahawe izina rya U.A mu manza zabanje ndetse batangira kubana nk’umugabo n’umugore, bimenyekanye arafatwa ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha butangira gukora iperereza. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana byakurikiwe no kubana nk’umugabo n’umugore, bushingiye ku kuba yaremeye icyaha mu nzego z’iperereza, ku mvugo z’umutangabuhamya wavuze ko bikimenyekana bagiye kubaganiriza bagasanga U.A ataruzuza imyaka y’ubukure, kuri raporo y’’inzego z’ibanze no ku cyemezo cy’amavuko y’uwo mwana, bumusabira igifungo cya burundu.

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[3] Nsengimana Diogène yaburanye yemera ko yasambanyije A.U ndetse bakabana nk’umugore n’umugabo ariko ko atibutse kugenzura niba yari yujuje imyaka y’ubukure kuko yabonaga ari mukuru, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano n’icyo ahawe kigasubikwa. [4] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RP 01269/2012/TGI/NGOMA ku wa 28/01/2021, rusanga Nsengimana Diogène yarakoze icyaha akurikiranweho kubera ko yacyemeye agasobanura uko yagikoze kandi ibyo yemeye bigahura n’imvugo za U.A hamwe n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya. Ku birebana n’igihano, rwasanze Nsengimana Diogène yari akwiye guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) ariko ko kuba yaremeye icyaha akagisabira imbabazi, byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, maze rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana byakurikiwe no kumugira umugore, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). [5] Nsengimana Diogène yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko yahawe igihano kirekire kandi yaremeye icyaha kuva agifatwa no mu Rukiko akomeza kucyemera anasaba imbabazi, ko byagombaga kumubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha akagabanyirizwa igihano. [6] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite, kuko Nsengimana Diogène yagabanyirijwe ibihano mu buryo buhagije kuko yashoboraga guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu, ariko ko Urukiko rwashingira ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, igihano yahawe kikagabanywa. [7] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RPA 00438/2021/HC/RWG ku wa 21/07/2017, rushingiye ku ngingo z’amategeko zinyuranye harimo ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, rusanga n’ubwo Urukiko rwa mbere rwagabanyirije Nsengimana Diogène igihano rushingiye ku kuba yaremeye icyaha rukamuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20), hari izindi mpamvu zari gushingirwaho icyo gihano kikagabanywa birushijeho, zigizwe no kuba yarakoze icyaha akiva mu buto kuko yari afite imyaka 19, no kuba aribwo bwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi. [8] Rwasanze iryo gabanya ryashingira ku rubanza rwari ruherutse gucibwa n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire1, aho rwagabanyije igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko uregwa yemeye icyaha, kuba yaragikoze akiva mu bwana kuko yari afite imyaka 19 no kuba uwo yasambanyije bari mu kigero kimwe, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Rwasanze kandi ibyo Nsengimana Diogène asaba ko hashingirwa ku manza zagabanyije igihano kugeza ku myaka itanu (5) bitahabwa agaciro kuko nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’ubujurire22, uvuga ko umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahindutse, rutashingira ku manza Nsengimana avuga kuko zari zishingiye ku Itegeko ryahinduwe, mu kwanzura rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe bufite ishingiro, ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse ku birebana n’igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15).

1 Rwavuze ko ari urubanza RPAA 00212/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/01/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habiyambere Jean Claude;

2 Urukiko rwavuze ko ari urubanza RPAA 00385/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/01/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Hategekimana Tukuri

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[9] Nsengimana Diogène yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwandikwa kuri RPAA 00324/2024/CA, ruhabwa itariki yo kuburanishwa yo ku wa 05/12/2024, uwo munsi ruburanishwa yunganiwe na Me Rwabigwi Augustin, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bunyoye Grâce, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [10] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Nsengimana Diogène n’umwunganira bavuga ko ubujurire bwe bugamije gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. [11] Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha avuga ko iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire Urukiko rutayiha agaciro kuko impamvu atanga asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano zashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru aragabanyirizwa, ko kandi igihano yahawe ari cyo gito giteganywa n’Itegeko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [12] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Nsengimana Diogène yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA

Kumenya niba niba igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Nsengimana Diogène yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa [13] Nsengimana Diogène n’umwunganira bavuga ko yajurijwe no gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) yahawe, hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zigizwe no kuba yaremeye icyaha mu nzego z’iperereza no mu nkiko zombi yaburanyemo, kuba nta kindi cyaha yigeze akora, kuba yarabanye na U.A atagamije kumugirira nabi, kuba yari afite ubunararibonye bucye kubera imyaka yari afite no kuba uwo mukobwa yarujuje imyaka y’ubukure kandi akaba yaragumye mu rugo nk’utegereje umugabo we. [14] Ku bujyanye n’amategeko n’imanza zashingirwaho, bavuga ko hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 29 na 151 z’Itegeko Nshinga no ku zindi manza zaciwe harimo urubanza RPAA 00744/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/02/2023 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Mugiraneza waregwaga icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, Urukiko Rukuru rukamuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20, mu bujurire Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rumugabanyiriza igihano kugeza ku myaka itanu (5), ko nawe icyo yahanishijwe cyagabanywa akaba yahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka irindwi (7). [15] Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Urukiko rutaha agaciro impamvu y’ubujurire bwa Nsengimana Diogène, kuko impamvu nyoroshyacyaha avuga zashingiweho mu rubanza rujuririrwa, akaba atagaragaza icyo anenga uburyo igihano cyagabanyijwe, akagaragaza niba Urukiko rwarakoresheje nabi ububasha rwari rufite mu kugabanya igihano cyangwa ko habayeho kwibeshya nk’uko byemejwe mu manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire3. [16] Avuga kandi ko iby’uko igihano cyari kugabanywa kugeza ku myaka itanu (5) hashingiye ku manza zaciwe mbere nabyo nta shingiro bifite, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko

3 Reba urubanza RPAA 00288/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/01/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Dushimimana Théoneste (igika cya 23)

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umurongo wariho mbere utakurikizwa mu gihe Itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahindutse, ko rero hagumaho igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Nsengimana Diogène yahanishijwe kuko aricyo gito gishobora gutangwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Ku byerekeye kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu y’ubujurire, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, uwo murongo ukaba uvuga ko iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N°68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Uyu murongo ukaba warakurikijwe no mu manza zaciwe vuba, nk’urubanza RPAA 00518/2023/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/09/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nizeyimana Martin. [18] Imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe igaragaza ko Nsengimana Diogène yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere, urwo Rukiko rusanga n’ubwo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamuganyirije igihano kugeza ku myaka 20 kuko yemera icyaha, hari izindi mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zari kwitabwaho icyo gihano kigongera kugabanywa, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka icumi n’itanu (15) rukivanye ku gifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) yari yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, byumvikana ko ibyo Nsengimana Diogène asaba yabihawe, kandi bikaba bigaragara ko mu kumugabanyiriza igihano, Urukiko rwashingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2, agace ka a) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya uburyo ibihano bigabanywa iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ikavuga ko igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero, kuba Nsengimana atagaragaza ko Urukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko mu kumugabanyiriza igihano nk’uko byasobanuwe mu rubanza rwavuzwe mu gika cya 17, kongera gusaba ko icyo yahanishijwe cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) byaba binyuranyije n’ingingo y’Itegeko yavuzwe haruguru, hakaba kandi hatashingirwa ku rubanza rwa Mugiraneza kuko umurongo wari uriho urwo rubanza rucibwa4 wari ushingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, yahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura iryo

4 Umurongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2020 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu ari narwo rwashingiweho mu rubanza rwa Mugiraneza

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rya mbere, kandi nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/20225, umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. [21] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nsengimana Diogène nta shingiro bufite, bityo hakaba hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana byakurikiwe no kubana nk’umugabo n’umugore. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nsengimana Diogène nta shingiro bufite; [23] Rwemeje ko hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00438/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 09/04/2024, rwamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15); [24] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta kuko Nsengimana Diogène yajuriye afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.

5 Haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul