UBUSHINJACYAHA v NSENGIYUMVA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v NSENGIYUMVA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-12-29 - Case/document no.: RPAA 01253/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v NSENGIYUMVA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 01253/2024/CA (Nyirandabaruta, P.J.) 29 Ukuboza 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza - Imanza z’inshinjabyaha - Ikoreshwa ry’imirongo – Ihinduka ry’itegeko - Umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ntigishobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; kandi n’ihazabu iteganyijwe ntishobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nsengiyumva yafatanwe udupfunyika tw’urumogi 103 yacuruzaga, mu ibazwa rye yemera icyaha, Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge. Urukiko rushingiye ku bimenyetso bitandukanye ndetse no ku kwemera kwe, rwasanze ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa, rumukatira igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. Nsengiyumva ntiyanyuzwe n’icyo cyemezo, akijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, urukiko rusanga akwiye kugabanyirizwa rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5,000,000Frw. Yongeye gutanga ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kugabanyrizwa, hasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. Uregwa avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kiremereye kandi atarigeze agora urukiko kuko yemeye icyaha agifatwa bityo agasaba ko yakongera kugabanyrizwa igihano hashingiwe k’umunza zisa n’uru aho muri izo inkiko zagiye zigabanya igihano kikajya munsi y’icyo yahawe. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko yregwa yagabanyirijwe bihagije bityo atakongera kugabanyirizwa kuko yahawe igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe; 2. Icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ntigishobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; kandi n’ihazabu iteganyijwe ntishobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha. Ubujurire, nta shingiro bufite. Nta mategeko yashingiweho: Imanza zifashishijwe:

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RPAA 00538/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2025; RPAA 00048/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022; RPAA 00769/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Bizabarimana Cléophas, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/05/2025; RPAA 01273/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ndikubwimana Jean Damascene, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/07/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 15/12/2022, Ubuyobozi bw’Inzego z’Ibanze mu Mudugudu wa Akasemuromba, Akagari Bwiza, Umurenge wa Ndera, Akarere ka Gasabo, bafatanye Nsengiyumva Callixte udupfunyika ijana na cumi na dutatu (113) tw’urumogi ashyikirizwa Ubungezacyaha. [2] Ubugenzacyaha bwashyikirije dosiye Ubushinjacyaha, burega Nsengiyumva Callixte mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, aburana yemera icyaha, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. [3] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwaciye urubaza No RP 01350/2022/TGI/GSBO ku wa 07/02/2023, rushingiye ku mvugo ya Nsengiyumva Callixte yemera icyaha agasobanura ko yafashwe afite “Boules 113” z’urumogi kandi ko atari bwa mbere yari abikoze, rushingiye kandi ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira no ku mvugo y’umutangabuhamya umushinja, rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. [4] Nsengiyumva Callixte yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko yahawe igihano kiremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko ibyo asaba bihuye n`ibyo amategeko ateganya, ko urukiko rwabimwemerera nyuma yo kubona imiterere y`urubanza. [5] Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye Urubanza No RPA 00659/2023/HC/KGL ku wa 21/10/2024, rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha y’uko Nsengiyumva Callixte yemeye icyaha ataruhanyije, rushingiye kandi ku ngingo ya 2 Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo kuwa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwamugabanyirije ibihano rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. [6] Nsengiyumva Callixte yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire ruhabwa No RPAA 01253/2024/CA, ruburanishwa ku wa 04/12/2025, Nsengiyumva Callixte yunganiwe na Me Mukandera Clotilde, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarirwa na Gakwerere Javan, Umushijacyaha ku rwego rw’igihungu. [7] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire ye, Nsengiyumva Callixte avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kiremereye cyo gufungwa imyaka 15, asaba uru Rukiko kwongera kumugabanyiriza igihano.

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[8] Me Mukandera Clotilde avuga ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw uwo yunganira yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru gikurikije amategeko. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushijacyaha avuga ko Nsengiyumva Callixte adakwiriye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije, bityo ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. [10] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasuzuma niba igihano Nsengiyumva Callixte yahanishije cyakwongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba igihano Nsengiyumva Callixte yahanishije cyakwongera kugabanywa. [11] Nsengiyumva Callixte avuga ko imyaka 15 y’igifungo yahanishijwe ari myinshi kandi hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba yaremeye icyaha ataruhanyije, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’ubutabera, kuba yarafashwe icyaha aregwa kitaragira ingaruka kuko yari akirimo gufunga arumoji mu ma “Boules” atararugurisha no kuba imyitwarire ye yari myiza muri sosiyete, kandi akaba yicuza icyaha, atazagisubira kuko amaze kugororoka. [12] Akomeza avuga ko harebwa umurongo wari waratanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza No RS/INCONST/SPEC00003/2019/CS rwo ku wa 04/12/2019 wemerera umucamanza gutanga igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito gitegeganywa n’itegeko, akaba asanga kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaravuze ko uwo murongo wagiyeho mbere y’uko itegeko rishya rigena ibyaha n’ibihano rijyaho atari byo kuko kutemerera umucamanza kugabanya igihano byaba binyuranyije n’amahame yo gutanga ubutabera buboneye nk’uburengazira bw’umuburanyi nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 29 na 151 z’Itegeko Nshinga. Asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kumugabanyiriza igihano. [13] Me Mukandera Clotilde wuganira Nsengiyumva Callixte avuga ko ashingiye ku ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 69/2019 ryo ku wa 8/11/2019 rihindura itegeko No 58/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, abona igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw Nsengiyumva Callixte yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru gikurikije amategeko. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Nsengiyumva Callixte adakwiriye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije, nkuko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPA0249/13/CS rwo ku wa 25 Ugushyingo 2016, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Nteziryayo, uvuga ko nta wasaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe mu Rukiko rubanza yagabanyirijwe bihagije ndetse agahabwa igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Nsengiyumva Callixte yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. [16] Ku byo Nsengiyumva Callixte ashingirwaho asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, by’uko kuba Urukiko Rukuru rutarashingiye ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza No RS/INCONST/SPEC00003/2019/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2019

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wemereraga umucamanza kuba yabagabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko ku mpamvu y’uko uwo murongo wagiyeho mbere y’uko Itegeko rishya rigena ibyaha n’ibihano rijyaho, binyuranyije n’amahame ateganywa n’ingingo ya 29 na 151 z’Itegeko Nshinga yerekeranye no gutanga ubutabera buboneye; Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ntaho rwahera rusuzuma ibijyanye n’amategeko n’ibindi byinyuranyije n’amahame ateganywa n’Itegeko Nshinga kuko bitari mu bubasha bwarwo. Rurasanga ahubwo Nsengiyumva Callixte abaye abifitemo inyungu ashobora kubiregera mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga kuko ari rwo rufite ubwo bubasha, bityo iyi ngingo ye y’ubujurire ikaba nta shingiro ifite. [17] Ku byo Nsengiyumva Callixte asaba ko igihano yahawe c’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw, ibyerekeranye n’igabanywa ry’icyo gihano byahawe umurongo mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00538/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude (igika cya 12). Muri urwo rubanza Cyuzuzo Jean Claude wahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 5,000,000Frw ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza Ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, Uru Rukiko rwemeza (mu gika cya 12 cy’urwo rubanza) ko “mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe ku bahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi bahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya Miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, bakajurira basaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, uru Rukiko rwifashishije ibyemejwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciye ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul1, rwemeje ko imanza zose zaciwe mbere y’uko Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano risohoka, zitagikoreshwa, maze rwemeza ko icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; kandi ko n’ihazabu iteganyijwe idashobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha”. Uyu murongo wakoreshejwe mu zindi manza nyinshi zaciwe n’uru Rukiko.2 [18] Urukiko rushingiye kuri uwo murongo, rurasanga igihano Nsengiyumva Callixte yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw, aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko ku wahamwe n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibyobyabwenge3, bikaba bidashoboka ko cyongera kugabanywa, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [19] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nsengiyumva Callixte nta shingiro bufite. [20] Rwemeje ko urubanza No RPA 00659/2023/HC/KGL rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 21/10/2024 rudahindutse.

1 Uru rubanza mu gika cyarwo cya 26 rwasobanuye ibijyanye n’uko Umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. 2 Urugero: Urubanza Nº RPAA 00769/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/05/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bizabarimana Cléophas (igika cya 30); Urubanza Nº RPAA 01273/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 18/07/2025, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Ndikubwimana Jean Damascene (igika cya 10); n’izindi.

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[21] Rwemeje ko hagumyeho igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 5,000,000Frw Nsengiyumva Callixte yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi. [22] Rwemeje ko Nsengiyumva Callixte asonewe amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.