UBUSHINJACYAHA vs NSHIMIYIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs NSHIMIYIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-05-16 - Case/document no.: RPAA00885/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs NSHIMIYIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA00885/2024/CA (Kanyange, P.J.) 16 Gicurasi 2025] Amategeko mpanabyaha – ibihano – icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo bwoko bw’urumogi – igihano gito gishobora guhabwa uwahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’Urumogi mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ni igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Ubushinjacyaha burega Nshimiyimana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bwo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bumusabira guhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). Nshimiyimana yaburanye yemera icyaha, ariko avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe rutari urwo gucuruza ahubwo rwari urwo kunywa, anasaba guhabwa ibihano bisubitswe kuko yagororotse. Urukiko mu rubanza RP01047/2019/TGI/NGOMA, rushingiye ku kuba yaremeye ko yafashwe arimo kurucuruza, rushingira no ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya, rwemeje ko Nshimiyimana ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Rwemeza ariko akwiye guhabwa igihano kigabanyije kuko yakoze icyaha akiri muto, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’eshatu n’ibihumbi magana atanu (23.500.000Frw). Nshimiyimana yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha. Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko nabwo busanga Nshimiyimana yagabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe agahabwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw), kuko yemeye icyaha. Urukiko mu rubanza RPA00412/2021/HC/RWG, rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere Nshimiyimana akurikiranwe mu nkiko mu buryo buzwi no kuba yarasanganwe ingano nto y’urumogi acuruza (udupfunyika 6), runashingira ku ngingo z’amategeko, rwasanze Nshimiyimana yakongera akagabanyirizwa igihano mu rwego rwo kugihuza n’uburemere bw’icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). Nshimiyimana yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire bwa Nshimiyimana itahabwa agaciro kuko igihano yahawe aricyo gito Itegeko riteganya. Urukiko mu rubanza RPAA00885/2024/CA, rwemeje ko igihano Nshimiyimana yahawe kitakongera kugabanywa kuko icyo yahawe aricyo gito giteganyirijwe icyaha kimuhama. Incamake y’icyemezo:1. igihano gito gishobora guhabwa uwahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’Urumogi mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ni igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). 2.Umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

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Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2, agace ka (a) na (d), Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPAA00441/2024/CA, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyombabazi Anitha, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’ubujurire ku wa 24/01/2025 Urubanza RPAA00081/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/03/2025 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Mukandanga Eugénie. Urubanza RPAA00048/2020/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022, Urubanza. I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 16/10/2019 Nshimiyimana Eric yafatanywe udupfunyika 6 tw’urumogi, yemera ko arucururiza bosi we witwa Nzirorera akamuhemba amafaranga magana atanu (500Frw), anavuga ko yari inshuro ya 3 arugurisha, maze atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bwo mu bwoko bw’urumogi bushingiye ku bimenyetso birimo kuba yemera ko yarufatanwe n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya, bumusabira guhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). [3] Nshimiyimana Eric yaburanye yemera icyaha, ariko avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe rutari urwo gucuruza ahubwo rwari urwo kunywa, anasaba guhabwa ibihano bisubitswe kuko yagororotse. [4] Mu rubanza RP01047/2019/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe ku wa 12/03/2021, Urukiko rwasanze Nshimiyimana Eric ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rushingiye ku kuba yaremeye ko yafashwe arimo kurucuruza, agasobanura ko yari yazanye udupfunyika 10 agafatwa amaze kugurishamo 4 asigaranye udupfunyika 6, ko kandi ari akazi yakoreraga bosi we Nzirorera akamuhemba amafaranga magana atanu (500Frw), rushingira no ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya barimo Bizimana Damascène wamufashe arucuruza na Habarurema Jean Pierre wamusanze ku Kagari yafashwe kubera gucuruza urumogi. Rwasanze ariko akwiye guhabwa igihano kigabanyije kuko yakoze icyaha akiri muto, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’eshatu n’ibihumbi magana atanu (23.500.000Frw), rutegeka ko urumogi rwafatiriwe rutwikwa. [5] Nshimiyimana Eric yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha ariko ntiyagabanyirizwa igihano mu buryo buhagije. [6] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko nabwo busanga Nshimiyimana Eric yagabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N°059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N°68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agace ka (a) na (d),1 agahabwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw), kuko yemeye icyaha agasaba imbabazi. [7] Mu rubanza RPA00412/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 26/07/2024, Urukiko rwasanze Nshimiyimana Eric yakongera akagabanyirizwa igihano mu rwego rwo kugihuza n’uburemere bw’icyaha,

1 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15;”

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rushingira ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu nkiko mu buryo buzwi no kuba yarasanganwe ingano nto y’urumogi acuruza (udupfunyika 6), runashingira ku ngingo ya 2, agace ka (a) na (d), y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n‘ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). [8] Nshimiyimana Eric yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwandikwa kuri RPAA00885/2024/CA, ruburanishwa ku wa 06/05/2025 yunganiwe na Me Ngirinshuti Védaste, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Nshimiyimana Eric n’umwunganira bavuga ko ubujurire yatanze bugamije gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire bwa Nshimiyimana Eric itahabwa agaciro kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo buhagije, kandi icyo yahawe kikaba aricyo gito Itegeko riteganya. [11] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba igihano Nshimiyimana Eric yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA Kumenya niba igihano Nshimiyimana Eric yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa [12] Nshimiyimana Eric n’umwunganira bavuga ko yajurijwe no gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kuba yemera ko yafatanwe urumogi, kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, kuba nta bunararibonye yari afite bwari gutuma abanza kureba ingaruka byari guteza kuko aribwo yari akiva mu bwana, kuba yicuza icyaha yakoze kandi nta ngaruka mbi cyateye kuko urumogi yarufatanwe ntawe araruha. Basanga kandi kuba yaragabanyirijwe ibihano mu rubanza rujuririrwa bitabuza ko icyo yahawe cyongera kugabanywa, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 49 yitegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru2. [13] Bavuga kandi ko nubwo ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N°059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N°68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, ariko iyo ngingo irimo ikibazo cy’uko inyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga, kuko mu rubanza RS/INCONS/SP 00003/2029/CS3, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko gutegeka Umucamanza aho agarukira mu kugabanya igihano binyuranyije n’itegeko nshinga, akaba ari nako byemejwe mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00005/2020/CS - RS/INCONST/SPEC 00006/2020/CS4, umurongo watanzwe muri izo manza zombi ukaba warakurikijwe no mu zindi manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire5, ko rero zashingirwaho Nshimiyimana Eric agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5) mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera busa ku bibazo bimwe, agakurirwaho n’ihazabu kuko nta bushobozi yabona bwo kuyishyura, kandi ko muri izo manza icyari

2 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko: “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw’icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo”. 3 Urwo rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2029 haburana KABASINGA na Leta y’u Rwanda 4 Urwo rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/02/2021, haburana KABASINGA n’undi na Leta y’u Rwanda 5 Muri izo manza harimo urubanza NºRPAA 00266/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 12/05/2023 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na RUTEMBESA Abadourkalim, urubanza NºRPAA 00284/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/10/2023, Urubanza NºRPAA 0022/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/07/2022 haburana ubushinjacyaha na UWAMBAJIMANA Grace, Urubanza NºRPAA 00069/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/07/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NYIRANZEYIMANA Odette, Urubanza NºRPAA 00260/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 12/05/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na RURANGWA, n’Urubanza NºRPAA 00241/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/07/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NIYITANGA Emmanuel

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kigamijwe atari ingano y’igihano nk’uko Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha abisobanura ahubwo ari uko Umucamanza yabuzwaga gutanga igihano gikwiriye. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire bwa Nshimiyimana Eric nta shingiro ifite, kuko yagabanyijwe igihano kandi icyo yahawe cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Fwr) kikaba ari cyo gito Itegeko riteganya mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [15] Ku birebana n’imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga basaba ko zashingirwaho, avuga ko zaciwe ku kirego kirebana n’ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange bitewe n’uko itahaga Umucamanza ubwinyagamburiro buhagije mu kugabanya ibihano, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeza ko bihinduka, ko ariko ibyo byarakosowe mu Itegeko N°059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N°68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, mu ngingo yaryo ya 2, kuko itanga ubwinyagamburiro buhagije, aho iteganya ko igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza ku myaka 15 mu gihe ingingo ya 60 yo yateganyaga ibihano birebire6. [16] Avuga kandi ko izindi manza Nshimiyimana n’umwunganira bagaragaza zitashingirwaho, kuko zose zaciwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N°68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 yahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N°059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, kandi hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA00367/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Reponse, umurongo wari uriho ntukomeza gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe, ko rero uru Rukiko rwakwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Nshimiyimana nta shingiro bufite, hakaguhamo imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe mu ngingo zarwo zose. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw), Nshimiyimana Eric yahanishijwe ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi gishobora kongera kugabanywa. [18] Ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya igihano gito gishobora guhabwa uwahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’Urumogi mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, cyasesenguwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye harimo n’urubanza RPAA00441/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/01/2025 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Niyombabazi Anitha, aho rwavuze ko icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu itari munsi y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw) ariko itarenze amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000Frw, ariko haba habonetse impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’Umucamanza, icyo gihano kikaba cyagabanywa ku buryo kitajya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw)7. [19] Nk’uko imikirize y’urubanza rujurirwa ibigaragaza, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwagabanyirije igihano Nshimiyimana Eric kiva ku gifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’eshatu n’ibihumbi magana atanu (23.500.000Frw), ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). [20] Hashingiwe ku byemejwe mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko zavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni

6Iyo hari impamvu zigabanya ububi bw’icyaha, ibihano bishobora kugabanywa ku buryo bukurikira: 1º …. igihano cyo gufungwa burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25); 7 Ibyo byemejwe kandi mu rubanza RPAA00081/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/03/2025 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Mukandanga Eugénie.

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eshanu (5.000.000Frw) Nshimiyimana Eric yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, kitakongera kugabanywa kuko cyagabanyijwe bihagije kandi kikaba aricyo gihano gito giteganyijwe ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’Umucamanza. Urukiko rurasanga kandi ibivugwa na Nshimiyimana Eric n’umwunganira ko ihazabu yaciwe yavanwaho ngo kuko nta bushobozi yabona bwo kuyishyura nta shingiro bifite, kuko kutagira ubushobozi bitatuma uregwa adahanirwa igihano Itegeko ryategetse ku cyaha cyakozwe. [21] Ku bijyanye n’imanza Nshimiyimana Eric n’umwunganira basaba ko zashingirwaho igihano yahawe kikongera kugabanywa agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga izo manza zitashingirwaho kuko zari zishingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yasimbuwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, kandi umurongo wari uriho ukaba udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe nk’uko byasobanuwe n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RPAA00048/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul. [22] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) Nshimiyimana Eric yahanishijwe, kitakongera kugabanywa, bityo hakaba hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [23] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nshimiyimana Eric nta shingiro bufite; [24] Rwemeje ko hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza RPA00412/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 26/07/2024, rwamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw); [25] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku isanduku ya Leta kuko Nshimiyimana Eric afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.