NSHIMIYIMANA n’abagenzi be v. KOMISIYO Y’IGIHUGU YO KURWANYA SIDA (C.N.L.S)

# NSHIMIYIMANA n’abagenzi be v. KOMISIYO Y’IGIHUGU YO KURWANYA SIDA (C.N.L.S)

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2015-05-09 - Case/document no.: RADA 0029/12/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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NSHIMIYIMANA n’abagenzi be v. KOMISIYO Y’IGIHUGU YO KURWANYA SIDA (C.N.L.S) [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RADA 0029/12/CS (Mutashya, P.J., Rugabirwa, Gakwaya, J.) 9 Gicurasi 2014] Amategeko y’ubutegetsi – Amasezerana y’akazi – Iseswa ry’amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kizwi – Amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kizwi arangira iyo icyo gihe cyateganyijwe kirangiye, ariko mu gihe cyose ayo masezerano yarangira kubera amakosa y’umukoresha, umukozi agomba guhabwa umushahara we wose w’igihe cy’amasezerano cyari gisigaye ndetse n’indishyi, keretse mu gihe habayeho impamvu ntakumirwa, ikosa rikomeye cyangwa kumvikana hagati y’impande zombi – Itegeko n0 51/2001 ryo kuwa 30/12/2001 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo za 19, 20, 26. Amategeko agenga amasezerano – Amasezerano – Ingaruka zayo kubayagiranye – Amasezerano akozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko kubayagiranye kandi akubahirizwa nta buryarya – Itegeko n0 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, ingingo ya 64. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano – Indishyi – Gushorwa mu manza – Umuntu wese wabaye umuburanyi mu rubanza ku rwego rwa mbere ashobora kurujuririra iyo abifitemo inyungu, keretse iyo amategeko abigena ukundi – Itegeko n° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/6/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, ingingo 162(1). Incamake y’ikibazo : Nshimiyimana n’abagenzi be bagiranye amasezerano na CNLS y’akazi k’ubushoferi mu gihe cy’imyaka itatu, bumvikana ko mu gihe amasezerano asheshwe umukozi azagira uburenganzira bw’umushahara we kugeza igihe arangiriye. Nyuma y’amezi atanu bari mu kazi, kuwa 1/12/2005 CNLS ibaha integuza y’uko akazi kabo kagiye kurangirana n’ukwezi kwa 12 kubera ko imodoka za leta zigiye guhagarikwa ndetse no kuba ibishyuza amafaranga yari yarahaye buri mukozi nka motivation. Nshimiyimana n’abagenzi be ntibishimiye icyemezo cya CNLS baregera umugenzuzi w’umurimo ariko ntiyashobora kubunga bituma batanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rukuru maze rwemeza ko nta shingiro gifite. Nshimiyimana n’abagenzi be bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutakurikije ibivugwa muri masezerano kandi rutasubije bimwe mubyo bari basabye harimo kwirukanwa binyuranyije n’amategeko, imperekeza zishingiye ku isezererwa, icyemezo cy’umurimo, amafaranga y’insimburakiruhuko, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka. Bavuga kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko badakwiye kubona indishyi z’akababaro, ndetse ko aribo baregeye kwishyuzwa amafaranga ya motivation, nyamara ari C.N.L.S. CNLS yatanze ubujurire bwuririrye ku bundi isaba gutegeka abarega kushyura amafaranga ya motivation bayifitiye ndetse na buri wese mu barega kuyiha indishyi zo kuyishora mu manza z’ubusa. Incamake y’icyemezo : 1Amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kizwi arangira iyo icyo gihe cyateganyijwe kirangiye, ariko mu gihe cyose ayo masezerano yarangira kubera amakosa

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y’umukoresha, umukozi agomba guhabwa umushahara we wose w’igihe cy’amasezerano cyari gisigaye ndetse n’indishyi, keretse mu gihe habayeho impamvu ntakumirwa, ikosa rikomeye cyangwa kumvikana hagati y’impande zombi, iseswa ry’amasezerano y’akazi yakorewe abarega yashingiye ku impamvu ntakumirwa. 2. Mu gihe umukozi atagaragaza ibimenyetso ko atahawe atabonye ikiruhuko ntiyabihererwa amafaranga y’insimburakiruhuko. 3. Amasezerano akozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko kubayagiranye kandi akubahirizwa nta buryarya kubwibyo amafaranga abakozi bayahawe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko kuko umukoresha yayatanze akurikije ibyo amasezerano y’akazi ateganya bityo ibyo umukoresha avuga ko agomba kuyasubizwa kuko batakimukorera nta shingiro bifite. 4. Umuntu wese wabaye umuburanyi mu rubanza ku rwego rwa mbere ashobora kurujuririra iyo abifitemo inyungu, keretse iyo amategeko abigena ukundi. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Ubujurire bwuririye kubundi nta shingiro bufite. Amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku baburanyi bose. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko n0 51/2001 ryo kuwa 30/12/2001 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 19, 20, 26(1), na 182(2). Itegeko n0 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, ingingo ya 64. Itegeko n° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/6/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, ingingo ya 9(1) na 162(1). Nta manza zifashishijwe. Inyandiko zabahanga: Francis LEFEBVRE, Social, droit du travail et sécurité sociale, éditions Francis LEFEBVRE, Paris, 1999, P. 285. Jean PELISSIER, Alain SUPIOT et Antoine JEAMMAUD, droit du travail, 22e édition, Dalloz, Paris, 2004, P. 516. Urubanza I.IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Nshimiyimana Sammy, Ndayambaje Emmanuel na Rwikangura Vincent bagiranye amasezerano y’akazi k’ubushoferi mu gihe cy’imyaka itatu na komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) agomba gutangira kuwa 1/7/2005 akarangira kuwa 1/7/2008, banumvikana ko mu gihe amasezerano asheshwe umukozi azagira uburenganzira bw’umushahara we kugeza igihe arangiriye. Nyuma y’amezi atanu bari bamaze mu kazi, kuwa 1/12/2005, komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) ibaha integuza y’uko akazi kabo kazarangirana n’ukwezi kwa 12

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kubera ko imodoka za Leta zari zigiye guhagarikwa, haniyongeraho no kuba ibishyuza 1.500.000 Frw yari yarahaye buri mukozi nka motivation. [2] Nshimiyimana Sammy, Ndayambaje Emmanuel na Rwikangura Vincent ntibashimishijwe n’icyemezo cya komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.), baregeye Umugenzuzi w’Umurimo ariko uyu ntiyashobora kubunga, batanga ibirego mu Rukiko Rukuru. [3] Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza RAD 0002-0003-0004/10/HC/Kig kuwa 18/5/2012, rwemeza ko ibirego byabo nta shingiro bifite. [4] Nshimiyimana Sammy, Ndayambaje Emmanuel na Rwikangura Vincent ntibishimiye imikirize y’uru rubanza, barujuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutakurikije ibivugwa mu masezerano y’umurimo, rukora ‘‘ interprétation‘‘ nabi y‘ayo masezerano, rudasubije kuri bimwe basabye harimo kwirukanwa binyuranyije n’amategeko, imperekeza zishingiye ku isezererwa, ‘‘attestation de services rendus‘‘, amafaranga y’insimburakiruhuko, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka. Bavuga kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko badakwiye kubona indishyi z’akababaro, ndetse ko aribo baregeye kwishyuzwa 1.500.000 Frw, nyamara ari Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) yari yatanze icyo kirego. Naho, Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi isaba gutegeka abarega kuyiha 1.500.000 Frw bayifitiye na 1.000.000 Frw buri wese y’indishyi kubera kuyishora mu manza z’ubusa. [5] Iburanisha mu ruhame ryabaye kuwa 1/4/2014, Nshimiyimana Sammy, Ndayambaje Emmanuel na Rwikangura Vincent, bahagarariwe na Me Semuhunga Silas, naho Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.), ihagarariwe na Me Ntaganda Félix, Intumwa ya Leta. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze amakosa mu gusobanura ingingo ya VI y’amasezerano y’umurimo yabaye hagati y‘ababuranyi [6] Me Semuhunga Silas, uburanira abarega, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengangije ingingo ya 7, 19, 20, 26 n’iya 182 z’Itegeko n° 51/2001 ryo kuwa 30/12/2001 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda n’ingingo ya 7 n’iya 8 z’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo, n’iz’ubutegetsi kuko rwakoze ‘‘interprétation‘‘ nabi y’amasezerano y’umurimo yo kuwa 11/8/2005 yabaye hagati ya Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) n’abarega, bituma rufata icyemezo kibarenganya kuko rutasubije ku byose baburanaga harimo kwirukanwa binyuranyije n’amategeko, imperekeza zishingiye ku isezererwa, icyemezo cy’imirimo yakozwe (attestation de services rendus), amafaranga y’insimburakiruhuko, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka . Asobanura ko mu gika cya 4 cy’urubanza rwajuririwe, Urukiko Rukuru, hashingiwe ku ingingo ya VI z‘ayo masezerano, rwavuze ko imishahara y’amezi 31 y’amasezerano y’akazi yari asigaye itakwishyurwa kuko Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) n’abajurira bari barumvikanye ko mu gihe amasezerano asheshwe, umukozi azagira uburenganzira bw’umushahara we kugeza igihe arangiriye, ndetse ko ayo masezerano yasheshwe nyuma y’amezi 5 asinywe, nyamara iyo ngingo ikomeza ivuga impamvu ebyiri zishobora gutuma amasezerano aseswa mbere y’uko igihe kizwi cyateganyijwe kirangira, harimo impamvu

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ntakumirwa (force majeure) no mu gihe umwe mu basezeranye atabashije kubahiriza imwe mu ngingo z‘amasezerano. [7] Me Semuhunga Silas avuga kandi ko impamvu yatumye Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) isesa ayo masezerano, ari uko Leta yari yafashe icyemezo cyo kugeza kuri ‘‘charroi zéro‘‘, nyamara ntiyigeze ikoresha imodoka za Leta ndetse ko yakomeje gukoresha izo modoka z’umushinga n’abandi bashoferi nyuma y’iseswa ry‘ayo masezerano, bityo akaba asanga ko kuba impamvu y’iseswa itarabaye imwe muziteganywa n’amasezerano no kuba nta ‘‘charroi zéro‘‘ yabayeho kuko izo modoka zagumye muri Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.), imwe igurishwa muri 2010, kuba iryo iseswa ry’amasezerano ritarakozwe ku mpamvu zumvikana (motif non justifié), bigomba gutuma abarega bishyurwa amezi 31 yari asigaye mbere y‘uko kontaro yabo irangira. [8] Me Semuhunga Silas asoza avuga ko uretse ibyo, mu gihe cyo kwirukana abarega, Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) itabamenyesheje ko yasheshe amasezerano, ahubwo yabandikiye ibaruwa yasinywe ‘‘P.O.‘‘ n’umuntu utazwi ndetse na ‘‘qualité ‘‘ ye, haba gusa ‘‘notification du préavis‘‘, bityo, hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bikubiye mu ngingo ya 28 y’Itegeko n° 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/5/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, akaba asanga kuba barirukanwe binyuranyije n’amategeko, abarega bagomba guhabwa amafaranga angana n‘igihe bari bashigaje muri ayo masezerano. [9] Me Ntaganda Félix, uburanira Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.), avuga ko ingingo ya VI, agace ka 3 y’amasezerano y’umirimo, abarega bashingiraho baka imishahara y’amezi 31 yari yasigaye mbere y‘uko kontaro yabo irangira, itavuga ibyo basobanura. Akomeza avuga ko iyo ngingo iteganya ko buri ruhande rwemerewe gusesa amasezerano kandi ko mu gihe amasezerano asheshwe, umukozi yemererewe guhembwa kugeza igihe amasezerano aseserejwe, bityo nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amabaruwa bandikiwe kuwa 1/12/2005, amasezerano yasheshwe ku itariki ya 31/12/2005 ndetse ko bahembwe kugeza kuri iyo tariki, badakwiye kubona imishahara kugeza igihe kontaro yari kumara iyo idaseswa. [10] Ku byerekeranye no kwirukanirwa ubusa, Me Ntaganda Félix avuga ko uretse ko mu nyandiko zitandukanye zihamagara umuburanyi zohererejwe Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.), nta hantu kwirukanirwa ubusa biri, ko bitabayeho kuko abarega birukanywe kubera gahunda ‘‘charroi zéro‘‘ yarebaga inzego zose za Leta. Akomeza avuga ko n‘imbere y‘Umugenzuzi w’Umurimo, abarega batavuze ku birebana n’iseswa ry‘amasezerano y’akazi rinyuranyije n’amategeko, bityo bikaba bigaragaza ko bari bazi neza ko bitabayeho. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Ingingo ya VI, agace ka 3 y’amasezerano y’umurimo ababuranyi bagiranye kuwa 2/1/2005 ivuga ko ‘‘ en cas de résiliation du présent contrat, l’employé aura droit au paiement de sa rémunération jusqu’à la date de la résiliation du contrat‘‘. Agace ka 4 k’iyo ngingo kavuga ko ‘‘ la résiliation est justifiée notamment dans les cas ci-après: 1. la période d’empêchement d’exercer les fonctions contractuelles due à un cas de force majeure excèdant 30 jours après sa notification, 2. l’une ou l’autre partie n’honore pas une ou les clauses du présent contrat‘‘.

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[12] Ingingo ya VII, agace ka 2 y’amasezerano y’umurimo ivuga ko ‘‘ en cas de force majeure, empêchant l’une ou l’autre partie de remplir ses obligations contractuelles, il est convenu que celles-ci soient suspendues pendant la période d’incapacité due à telle situation, à condition que le cas de force majeure ait été signalé à l’autre partie dans les quinze jours suivant l’événement par lettre recommandée avec accusé de réception‘‘. Agace ka 3 y’iyo ngingo ivuga ko ‘‘ force majeure signifie tout événement dont la nature est imprévisible et inéluctable, dont les conséquences empêchent totalement l’exécution des obligations de l’employé tels que les grèves prolongées, la guerre et les faits de guerre, les tremblements de terre, les accidents, les troubles civiles, etc…..‘‘. [13] Ingingo ya 19 y’Itegeko n° 51/2001 ryo kuwa 30/12/2001 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda iteganya ko ‘‘iyo amasezerano y’umurimo ahuje n’ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 7 y’iri Tegeko asheshwe mbere y’igihe yagombaga kurangiriraho, umukoresha agomba kubimenyesha Umugenzuzi w’Umirimo w’ako karere mu minsi cumi n’itanu (15)‘‘. [14] Ingingo ya 26, agace ka 1 y’Itegeko n° 51/2001 ryo kuwa 30/12/2001 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda iteganya ko ‘‘ iseswa ryose ry’amasezerano y’akazi ridashingiye ku mpamvu yumvikana rishobora gutuma hatangwa indishyi z’akababaro. Indishyi z’akababaro zihabwa umukozi wirukaniwe ubusa ntizishobora kurenza umushahara we w‘amezi atandatu (6) hongeweho indamunite n’ibindi umukozi yari afitiye uburenganzira buri kwezi‘‘. [15] Ingingo 182, agace ka 2 y’Itegeko n° 51/2001 ryo kuwa 30/12/2001ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko ‘‘iyo abahagarariye abakozi badashoboye kuzikemura (impaka zihariye ziturutse ku murimo), ubifitemo inyungu wese ashyikiriza ikibazo Umugenzuzi w’Umurimo amusaba kugerageza kugikemura mu bwumvikane‘‘. [16] Ku byerekere imyumvire y’ingingo ya VI y’amasezerano y’umurimo, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga iyo ngingo isobanura ko mu gihe ayo masezerano asheshwe ku mpamvu ntakumirwa (force majeure) cyangwa kubera ikosa rikomeye ry‘umukozi (kutubahiriza amasezerano), cyangwa kubera impande zombi zabyumvikanyeho, umukozi agomba kubona umushahara we kugeza umunsi w’iseswa ryayo masezerano, ni ukuvuga kugeza umunsi w‘aho imwe muri izo mpamvu yabayeho, bityo niba koko ihame ari uko amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kizwi arangira iyo icyo gihe cyateganyijwe kirangiye, ariko mu gihe cyose amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kizwi arangiye mbere y’igihe cyateganyijwe ku makosa y’umukoresha (kwirukana umukozi bidashingiye ku mpamvu ziteganywa n’amategeko), umukozi agomba kubona umushahara we wose w’igihe cy’amasezerano cyari gisigaye, keretse mu gihe habayeho impamvu ntakumirwa, ikosa rikomeye cyangwa kumvikana hagati y’impande zombi. [17] Kubera izo mpamvu zose, ku birebana n‘ibisobanuro by‘abarega by’uko, hakurikijwe ingingo ya 19 n’iya 20 z’Itegeko n° 51/2001 ryo kuwa 30/12/2001 ryavuzwe haruguru, umushingamategeko yashatse kuvugamo ko amasezerano y’igihe kizwi adaseswa, ariko ko biramutse bibaye, imishahara yose igomba gutangwa ndetse hagatangwa n’indishyi ziteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 26 y’iryo Tegeko, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga nta shingiro bifite kuko byagaragaye ko mu gihe iseswa ry’ayo masezerano yabaye ku mpamvu ntakumirwa, cyangwa ku ikosa rikomeye cyangwa ku bwumvikane hagati y’impande zombi, umukozi atabona umushahara we wose w’igihe cy’amasezerano cyari gisigaye.

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[18] Ku byerekeye impamvu yatumye Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) isesa amasezerano y’akazi yagiranye n’abarega, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga icyemezo cya Leta cyo kugabanya imodoka zayo (politique de charroi zéro), igamije kurwanya ama «dépenses budgétaires» atari ngombwa no gukoresha neza umutungo wayo, cyari kizwi na buri wese (notoriété de la décision) kandi cyashyizwe mu bikorwa mu nzego za Leta zose no mu mishinga yose ikorana nayo. Rurasanga kandi mu imenyekanisha ry’integuza n’iseswa ry’akazi ryo kuwa 1/12/2005, Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) isobanurira abarega ko kubera iyo politike ya Leta ya ‘‘Charroi zéro‘‘, amamodoka bakoreshaga mu kazi kabo, umushinga ‘‘Unité de Gestion des Projets Global Fund‘‘ utazigumana kuva ku itariki ya 31/12/2005, ko amasezerano bagiranye azaseswa kuri iyo tariki ndetse ko integuza yabo izatangira kuwa 1/12/2005. [19] Hakurikijwe ibyo byavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga uretse kuvuga ko izo modoka bakoreshaga zitagurishijwe, politike ya ‘‘charroi zéro‘‘ idashaka kuvuga ko byanze bikunze imodoka zose za Leta n’iz‘imishinga yose ikorana na Leta zagombaga kugurishwa kuko hari ama serivisi amwe n‘amwe ya Leta n’imishinga imwe n‘imwe yari ikeneye imodoka za ngombwa zo kubafasha kurangiza neza inshingano zayo. Rurasanga kandi kuvuga ko mu gihe imodoka bakoreshaga zitagurishijwe, abarega baragombaga kuguma mu kazi, ataribyo kuko icyo gihe, ari amategeko arebana n’uburambe ku kazi n‘amanota ku kazi yagombaga gukurikizwa, bityo ibivugwa n’abarega y’uko habaye iseswa ry’akazi rinyuranyije n’amategeko nta shingiro bifite kubera ko politike ya ‘‘charroi zéro‘‘ ari impamvu ntakumirwa kuko icyemezo cy‘Ubutegetsi cyatunguranye kandi cyagombaga gukurikizwa, ndetse umushinga ‘‘Unité de Gestion des Projets Global Fund‘‘ ukorana na Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) ukaba utari kubigenza ukundi1. [20] Ku byerekeye ibivugwa n’abarega y’uko kandi habaye iseswa ry’akazi rinyuranyije n’amategeko ku mpamvu z’uko uwasinye ibaruwa yo kuwa 1/12/2005 ibaha integuza, ikanabamenyesha iseswa ry’amasezerano y’akazi atamenyekanye ndetse ko na ‘‘qualité‘‘ ye itazwi, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga bigaragara mu buryo budashindikanwa ko abarega bari bazi neza ko icyemezo cyo gusesa amasezerano y’akazi ku mpamvu ntakumirwa, cyari cyafashwe n’Ubuyozi Bukuru bwa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) kuko kuwa 27/5/2008, bari bandikiye Umunyamabanga Nshingabikorwa (Secrétaire Exécutif) wayo, Dr Agnès Binagwaho, bamusaba gukuraho icyo cyemezo no kubasubiza ku kazi, kandi nk’uko bigaragara mu masezerano y’akazi bashyizeho umukono kuwa 11/8/2005, ko ariwe uhagarariye ‘‘Administration des Projets financés par <<Global Fund>>, bityo ibyo abarega baburana (allégations) bikaba nta shingiro bifite. [21] Ku birebana n’ibisabwa n‘abarega, uretse kuba abarega bari bafite uburenganziza bwo gusaba Urukiko Rukuru gutegeka Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) kubaha imperekeza zishingiye ku isezererwa n’indishyi z’akababaro ndetse no mu gihe batari babivuze mbere y’Umugenzuzi w’Umurimo kuko amategeko atabibuza, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga badakwiye kuzihabwa ndetse n’indishyi zingana n’umushahara w’igihe cy’amezi 31 1 Selon la jurisprudence, constitue notamment un cas de force majeure entraînant la rupture du contrat de travail, le fait du prince, acte de la puissance publique rendant impossible l’exécution du contrat de travail, in Mémento pratique Francis LEFEBVRE, Social, droit du travail et sécurité sociale, éditions Francis LEFEBVRE, Paris, 1999, P. 285.

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cy’amasezerano cyari gisigaye kuko hashingiwe ku byavuzwe haruguru, iseswa ry’amasezerano y’akazi ryabo ritanyuranyije n‘amategeko2. [22] Ku birebana n’amafaranga y’insimburakiruhuko asabwa na Ndayambaje Emmanuel angana na 114.297 Frw, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga koko aya mafaranga yari yasabwe mu Rukiko Rukuru ariko ruvuga ko rutakwakira iki kirego kuko kitari mubyo abarega bashyikirije Umugenzuzi w’Umurimo. Rurasanga kandi usibye ko ari Ndayambaje Emmanuel wasabye ayo mafaranga, Urukiko Rukuru rutari kwanga kwakira icyo kirego ku mpamvu y’uko kitari mubyo Umugenzuzi w’Umurimo yasuzumye kuko amategeko atabibuza. Icyakora, muri dosiye y’uru rubanza, nta kimenyetso na kimwe cyatanzwe kigaragaza ko Ndayambaje Emmanuel atabonye ikiruhuko y’umwaka wa 2005, bityo hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 9, agace ka 1 y’Itegeko n° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/6/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko ‘’urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda‘‘, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga Ndayambaje Emmanuel adakwiye kuyahabwa. [23] Kubera izo mpamvu zose, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga iyo ngingo y‘ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nshimiyimana Sammy, Ndayambaje Emmanuel na Rwikangura Vincent nta nshingiro bufite. Kumenya niba 1.500.000 Frw, Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) isaba kusubizwa ikwiye kuyahabwa [24] Me Semuhunga Silas avuga ko 1.500.000 Frw Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) isaba, ari amafaranga ya motivation ateganyijwe mu ingingo ya 5.3 y’amasezerano y’akazi yagiranye n’abarega, ko yatanzwe nta wuyasabye, ko yakirwa nk’impano kandi ikoreshwa n’abarega. Akomeza avuga ko iyo motivation yafatwa nka gratification yatangiwe imbumbe hagamije gushyira mu bikorwa iriya ngingo ya 5.3 y’amasezerano y‘akazi, bityo akaba asanga gusubiza iriya mpano binyuranije n’ibikubiye mu ngingo za 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 33 n’iya 37 z‘Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano. [25] Me Ntaganda Félix avuga ko Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) yahaye Nshimiyimana Sammy, Ndayambaje Emmanuel na Rwikangura Vincent buri wese 1.500.000 Frw nk’uko yahaye abandi bakozi ku mpamvu yo kuborohereza ‘‘déplacement‘‘, ariko ubu ikaba isaba kuyasubizwa kubera ko batakiyikorera. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [26] Ingingo ya 5.3 y’amasezerano y’akazi bagiranye iteganya ko ‘‘une motivation brute est accordée à l’employé selon les modalités définies par CCM lors de sa réunion du 14 décembre 2004‘‘. 2 ‘’Lorsque la force majeure rompt le contrat de travail, l’employeur n’a pas à respecter la procédure de licenciement et ne peut être condamné au paiement de dommages et intérêts pour rupture abusive. Par ailleurs, il est libéré de l’obligation de respecter le délai-congé, donc de verser l’indemnité compensatrice de préavis, et ne doit pas l’indemnité de licenciement’’, in Mémento pratique Francis LEFEBVRE, Social, droit du travail et sécurité sociale, éditions Francis LEFEBVRE, Paris, 1999, P. 285. Dans le même sens, Jean PELISSIER, Alain SUPIOT et Antoine JEAMMAUD, droit du travail, 22e édition, Dalloz, Paris, 2004, P. 516.

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[27] Ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko n° 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano iteganya ko ‘‘ amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye. Ashobora guseswa ari uko babyumvikanyeho cyangwa ku mpamvu zemewe n’amategeko. Agomba kubahirizwa nta buriganya‘‘. [28] Hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 5.3 y’amasezerano y’akazi no ku ngingo ya 64 y’Itegeko n° 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 ryavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga abarega barahawe ayo mafaranga mu buryo bukurikije amategeko kuko Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) yabikoze hakurikijwe ibyo amasezerano y’akazi yateganije, bityo ibivugwa na Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) y’uko bagomba kuyasubiza kubera batakiyikorera nta nshingiro bifite. [29] Kubera izo mpamvu, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga iyo ngingo y’ubujurire bwa NSHIMIYIMANA Sammy, Ndayambaje Emmanuel na Rwikangura Vincent ifite ishingiro, bityo abarega bakaba batagomba gusubiza Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) ayo mafaranga. Kumenya niba Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) ikwiye kuhabwa 3.000.000 Frw y’indishyi yo kuyishora mu manza z‘ubusa [30] Me Ntaganda Félix avuga ko Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) isaba Urukiko gutegeka abarega kuyiha buri wese 1.000.000 Frw kubera kuyishora mu manza z’ubusa. [31] Me Semuhunga Silas avuga ko ibisabwa na Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) nta shingiro bifite kuko bidashingiwe ku Itegeko cyane cyane ko itagaragaza igihombo yagize. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [32] Ingingo ya 162, agace ka 1, y’Itegeko n° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/6/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko ‘‘ umuntu wese wabaye umuburanyi mu rubanza ku rwego rwa mbere ashobora kurujuririra iyo abifitemo inyungu, keretse iyo amategeko abigena ukundi‘‘. [33] Hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 162, agace ka 1, y’Itegeko n° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/6/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga Nshimiyimana Sammy, Ndayambaje Emmanuel na Rwikangura Vincent bari bafite uburenganzira bwo kujurira urubanza rwaciwe mu rwego rwa mbere n’Urukiko Rukuru nubwo ubujurire bwabo bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe kuko babonaga ko babifitemo inyungu, bityo ibisabwa na Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) nta shingiro bifite. III. ICYEMEZO CY‘URUKIKO [34] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nshimiyimana Sammy, Ndayambaje Emmanuel na Rwikangura Vincent bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe.

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[35] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) nta shingiro bufite. [36] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RAD 0002-0003-0004/10/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuwa 18/5/2012 ihindutse gusa ku birebana na 1.500.000 Frw abarega bari bategetswe gusubiza Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.). [37] Rutegetse Nshimiyimana Sammy, Ndayambaje Emmanuel, Rwikangura Vincent na Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Sida (C.N.L.S.) gufatanya kwishyura amagarama y’uru rubanza angana n’amafaranga 45.050.