NTARINDWA v TWIZEYIMANA

NTARINDWA v TWIZEYIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-06-30 - Case/document no.: RCA 00038/2021/HC/RSZ - Collection: High Court

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NTARINDWA v TWIZEYIMANA N’UNDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU - RCA 00038/2021/HC/RSZ (Habimana, P.J.) 30 Kamena 2022] Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Amasezerano – Kubahiriza amasezerano hagati y’abayakoze - Mu gihe habayeho amasezerano bitewe n’imiterere yayo, abayakoze baba bagomba kuyashyira mu bikorwa mu gihe kimwe iyo bishoboka. Iyo bitagenze bityo, nta ruhande na rumwe rushobora gusaba urundi kurangiza inshingano zarwo kandi rwo rutarabanje gukora ibyo rwasabwaga by’ingenzi mu gihe hari inshingano magirirane zisaba buri ruhande kugira icyo rukora kugira ngo amasezerano yuzure. Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Amasezerano – Ugomba kwirengera ingaruka zo kutubahiriza amasezerano - Mu gihe abakoze amasezerano bari bategetswe kuyashyira mu bikorwa mu gihe kimwe ariko ntibikorwe haba hagomba kugaragazwa nyiri ikosa ugomba kwirengera ingaruka zo kudashyira mu bikorwa amasezerano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Twizeyimana n’umugore we Uwamahoro bagurishije Ntarindwa ikibanza numero UPI 03/06/09/01/403 ku kiguzi kingana na 25.000 USD ariko ntibahita bakora ihererekanya mutungo. Nyuma yaho aba bongeye kugurisha igice cyari cyasigaye uwitwa Twizeyimana we bahita bamukorera ihererekanya mutungo ariko banamwandikaho na cya gice cyagurishijwe Ntarindwa. Ntarindwa yaje gusaba Akarere ka Rusizi kumwandikaho ubutaka yaguze kamusubiza ko ubwo butaka avuga ari ubwa WASAC ahita asaba

abamugurishije kumuha ubutaka cyangwa bakamusubiza amafaranga ye bemera kuzamusubiza amafaranga ariko ntibyakorwa bituma atanga ikirego mu Rukiko asaba gusesa amasezerano agasubizwa amafaranga ye ndetse n’indishyi. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaje kwanzura ko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite kubera ko ngo adashobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’uko amasezerano ye yananiwe gushyirwa mu bikorwa maze ategekwa kwishyura abaregwa indishyi zitandukanye. Yahise ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rusizi anenga ko urukiko rwisumbuye rwemeje ko nta mpamvu ihari yatuma amasezerano y’ubugure yagiranye n’abaregwa aseswa bituma adasubizwa amafaranga y’ikiguzi ndetse n’indishyi yari yasabye. Muri uru rubanza hagobokeshejwemo Bahogwerhe waguze kandi akandikwaho ubutaka bwose burimo n’ubwari bwagurishijwe urega. Urukiko rukuru rwakiriye ubujurire maze rusuzuma ibibazo birimo kumenya niba hari impamvu zatuma amasezerano y’ubugure bwabaye aseswa no kumenya icyo amategeko ateganya mu gihe habayeho iseswa ry’amasezerano. Urega avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwavuze ko ikirego yatanze asaba gusesa amasezerano y’ubugure yakoranye n’abaregwa nta shingiro gifite, kubera ko atabashije gutanga ibimenyetso byerekana neza niba hari impamvu yemewe n’amategeko yatuma ayo masezerano aseswa. Yasobanuye ko yaguze ikibanza kibaruye kuri numero UPI 03/06/09/01/403 akaba yari agamije kucyubaka, ariko igihe yasabaga abamugurishije ngo bacyimwandikisheho aza gusanga bidashoboka kubera ko bari bararangije kuyigurisha no kuyandika ku wundi muntu ndetse n’ubuyobozi bw’Akarere bukaba bwari bwamubwiye ko ari ubwo butaka ari ubwa WASAC.

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Avauga kandi ko urukiko rwisumbuye rwirengagije ibimenyetso birimo ko abaregwa bemera ko ubwo butaka babugurishije Bahogwerhe, amabaruwa urega yandikiye abaregwa asaba ko yakorerwa ihererekanya mutungo ariko ntibabikore. Abaregwa biregura bavuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ikwiye guhabwa, kubera ko ubutaka urega yaguze buhari kandi ko nk'uko urukiko rwisumbuye rwabivuze, icyo yakagombye gukurikirana ari inzira zo kubwandikwaho aho kuregera iseswa ry’amasezerano. Indi mpamvu ituma gusesa ayo masezerano bitashoboka ngo ni uko hagati y’uwaguze n’uwamugurishije buri ruhande rwubahirije inshingano zarwo, ariko uyu munsi ubwo butaka bukaba butakiri mu maboko y’abaregwa kuburyo aribo baburegerwa kuko ubu uwaguze (Ntarindwa) ariwe ubutunze, akaba nta mpamvu zemewe n'amategeko agaragaza zatuma amasezerano aseswa. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Mu gihe habayeho amasezerano bitewe n’imiterere yayo, abayakoze baba bagomba kuyashyira mu bikorwa mu gihe kimwe iyo bishoboka. Iyo bitagenze bityo, nta ruhande na rumwe rushobora gusaba urundi kurangiza inshingano zarwo kandi rwo rutarabanje gukora ibyo rwasabwaga by’ingenzi mu gihe hari inshingano magirirane zisaba buri ruhande kugira icyo rukora kugira ngo amasezerano yuzure bityo kuba rumwe mu ruhande rwabangamiwe rwarega bifite ishingiro, hagasigara gusa kumenya nyiri ikosa ryatumye ariya masezerano adashyirwa mu bikorwa, ndetse n’ingaruka yabyo mu rwego rw’amategeko iyo ntacyateganyijwe mu masezerano nyirizina.

2. Mu gihe abakoze amasezerano bari bategetswe kuyashyira mu bikorwa mu gihe kimwe, kandi mu gihe bidakozwe hakaba hagomba kugaragazwa nyiri ikosa ugomba kwirengera ingaruka zo kudashyira mu bikorwa amasezerano. Kuba nyuma yo gushyira umukono ku masezerano Ntarindwa yarahise yishyura ikiguzi cyose cyumvikanyweho, ariko Twizeyimana afatanyije n’umugore we Uwamahoro bo ntibahite bamuha parcelle UPI 03/06/09/01/403 nk’uko bari bamaze kubyumvikanaho ibyo bikaba bituma aya masezerano agomba guseswa kubera amakosa ya Twizeyimana na Uwamahoro.

3. Iyo amasezerano yishwe mu buryo bukabije biturutse ku kudakora ibisabwa mu masezerano bitanga uburenganzira bwo gusaba indishyi ku bitakozwe byose mu gihe izo ndishyi zikuraho inshingano zisigaye z’uruhande rwarenganye bityo Twizeyimana afatanyije na Uwamahoro bagomba guha Ntarindwa indishyi zitandukanye. Ikirego cy’ubujurire gifite ishingiro; Imikirize y’urubanza RC 00073/2020/TGI/RSZ ihindutse mu ngingo zayo zose; Amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ikibanza numero UPI 03/06/09/01/403 yo kuwa 25/02/2018 asheshwe; Twizeyimana na Uwamahoro bategetswe gusubiza Ntarindwa ikiguzi bari bishyuwe kingana n’amadorari 25.000 USD. Amtegeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N°45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, ingingo ya 81, 83, 84, 137, 138, 144; Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111, 115.

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Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I.IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kuwa 25/02/2018 Twizeyimana Vincent afatanyije n’umugore we Uwamahoro Véstine bagiranye amasezerano y’ubugure bwa parcelle ifite numero UPI 03/06/09/01/403 na Ntarindwa Chris ku kiguzi kingana na 25.000 USD, nyuma yaho Twizeyimana Vincent afatanyije na none n’umugore we Uwamahoro Véstine bongeye kugurisha igice cy’iyo parcele cyari cyasigaye uwitwa BAHONGWERE Bahati, ariko mukumukorera mutation bamwandikaho na bwabutaka bwa parcelle bagurishije na Ntarindwa Chris. Mu gihe Ntarindwa Chris yashakaga ko parcelle imwandikwaho kugira ngo abashe kubaka, akarere ka Rusizi kagaragaje ko ubutaka yagurishijwe na Twizeyimana Vincent n’umugore we bagurishije atari ubwabo ahubwo ari ubwa WASAC. Yahise asaba abamugurishije kumuha ubutaka cyangwa bakamusubiza amafaranga ye, Twizeyimana Vincent n’umugore we bemera kuzayamusubiza ariko ntibyakorwa kugezaq ubwo abandikiye integuza nyuma ahitamo gutanga ikirego mu rukiko asaba gusesa amasezerano y’ubugure agasubizwa amafaranga ye ndetse n’indishyi zitandukanye. [2] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaje kwanzura ko ikirego cya Ntarindwa Chris nta shingiro gifite kubera ko ngo adashobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’uko amasezerano ye yananiwe gushyirwa mu bikorwa, maze ategekwa guha Twizeyimana Vincent na Uwamahoro Vestine, indishyi z’akababaro n’igihembo cy’Avoka, byose hamwe bingana n’amafaranga y’u

Rwanda 700.000Frw. [3] Ntarindwa Chris yahise ajuririra icyo cyemezo akinenga ko urukiko rwisumbuye rwavuze ko nta mpamvu n’ibimenyetso bihari byatuma amasezerano y’ubugure yakoranye na Twizeyimana Vincent na Uwamahoro Vestine aseswa, bituma adasubizwa amafaranga y’ikiguzi yabishyuye ndetse ntiyahabwa ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka. [4] Ku ruhande rwa Twizeyimana Vincent na Uwamahoro Vestine basobanuye ko ibivugwa na Ntarindwa Chris nta shingiro bifite kubera ko ubutaka Ntarindwa Chris yaguze buhari, icyo yakagombye gukurikirana ari inzira zo kubwandikwaho (mutation). Ariko ngo aho kugira ngo yegere uwo baguze bajye kwa notaire w'ubutaka bakore ibisabwa kugira ngo ihererekanya ribe, yahisemo gushishikazwa n'iseswa ry'amasezerano agamije gusaba inyungu z'indonke zidafite ishingiro. Bityo indishyi zaregewe nazo zikaba nya shingiro zifite. [5] Muri uru rubanza hagobokeshejwemo uwitwa Bahogwerhe Bahati Michel nawe wagurishijwe na Twizeyimana Vincent na Uwamahoro Vestine ariko akaza kwandikwaho ubutaka bwose hamwe n’ubwari bwaragurishijwe Ntarindwa Chris, akaba yaragobokeshejwe nk’umuntu wanditsweho igice cy’ubutaka kiburanwa muri uru rubanza kandi abakiburana bakaba batavuga kimwe uburyo agitunzemo aho Twizeyimana Vincent na Uwamahoro Vestine bamukoreye ihererekanya bavuga ko bashyizemo n’igice cya Ntarindwa Chris kubera ko hagati yabo bari baramaze kubyemeranyaho bitewe n’amasano bafitanye, kansi uyu wagobokeshejwe ngo akaba adahakana ko atunze ubutaka bwa Ntarindwa Chris.

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[6] Nyuma yo kumva ibisobanuro ku mpande zombi Urukiko rwahise rusuzuma ibibazo bikurikira: - Kumenya niba hari impamvu zatuma amasezerano y’ubugure yo kuwa 25/02/2018 yakozwe hagati ya Twizeyimana Vincent n’umugore we Uwamahoro Vestine na Ntarindwa Chris aseswa; - Kumenya icyo amategeko ateganya mu gihe habayeho iseswa ry’amasezerano y’ubugure; - Kumenya niba Ntarindwa Chris yahabwa indishyi z’akababaro zikomoka ku iseswa ry’amasezerano y’ubugure; - Ibijyanye indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA a) Kumenya niba hari impamvu zatuma amasezerano y’ubugure yo kuwa 25/02/2018 yakozwe hagati ya Twizeyimana Vincent n’umugore we Uwamahoro Vestine na Ntarindwa Chris aseswa. [7] Me Ndikumana Elisee mu izina rya Ntarindwa Chris mu kugaragaza impamvu zatumye bajurira yasobanuye ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwavuze ko ikirego yatanze agamije gusesa amasezerano y’ubugure yakoranye na Twizerimana Vincent n’umugore we Uwimana Véstine nta shingiro gifite, kubera ko atabashije gutanga ibimenyetso byerekana neza niba hari impamvu yemewe n’amategeko yatuma ayo masezerano aseswa. Yasobanuye ko yaguze parcelle ibaruye kuri numero UPI 03/06/09/01/403 akaba yari agamije kuyubaka, ariko igihe yasabaga abamugurishije ngo bayimwandikisheho aza gusanga bidashoboka kubera ko bari bararangije kuyigurisha no kuyandika ku wundi muntu witwa Bahogwerhe Bahati

Michel ndetse n’ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Rusizi bukaba bwari bwamaze kumumenyesha ko ubutaka yagurishijwe atari ubwa Twizerimana Vincent na Uwimana Véstine, ahubwo ari ubwa WASAC. [8] Me Ndikumana Elisee yasobanuye ko mu bimenyetso n’impamvu byirengagijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye kandi bikaba byari byuzuye kugira ngo ariya masezerano aseswe harimo kuba:  Abaregwa (Twizerimana Vincent na Uwimana Véstine) bemera ko ubutaka Ntarindwa Chris yabaguriye bwakorewe mutation kuri Bahogwerhe Bahati Michel, ibi ubwabyo byerekana ko abaregwa batakibufiteho ububasha kuko batakorera mutation Ntarindwa Chris ku butaka butabanditseho;  Mu rukiko abaregwa bavuze ko Ntarindwa Chris yeguriye ubwo butaka Bahati Bahogwerhe Michel: umucamanza yakabaye yarabasabye ikimenyetso cy'aho Ntarindwa Chris yagurishirije ubutaka bwe kuburyo aricyo abaregwa bahereyeho bakorera mutation Bahogwerhe Bahati Michel ubutaka bwose bukubiyemo nubwo bagurishije kuri Ntarindwa Chris;  Umucamanza yavuze ko Ntarindwa Chris atigeze asaba mutation ngo ayimwe, aha akaba yarirengangije ko Ntarindwa Chris mbere yo kuregera urukiko yabanje kwandikira ibaruwa abaregwa kuburyo iyo baza kuba bafite ubushobozi bwo kumukorera mutation baba barahise bayikora ibi kandi binashimangirwa nuko na

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nyuma yuko uru rubanza rujuririrwa ruciwe, Ntarindwa Chris ashingiye ku mvugo zabo bavugiye mu rukiko yabandikiye na none abasaba ko bamukorera iyo mutation bikaba bitarakozwe;  Urukiko rwirengagije kandi indi mpamvu yo gushingirwaho mu gusesa amasezerano yo kuba ubuyobozi bw'Akarere ka Rusizi ( ari nako nyiri ubutaka kuko ababufite bose ariko kabubakodesheje) karandikiye Twizeyimana Vincent kamubasa inkomoko y'ubwo butaka, akabura ikimenyetso kigaragaza inkomoko yabwo, dore ko yari yarabwibarujeho mu buriganya abubohoje WASAC; maze akarere nka nyiri ubutaka gahita gasaba Bahogwerhe Bahati Michel gusubiza akarere ibyangombwa by'ubutaka kuko uwabumugurishije atari nyirabwo;  Kuba akarere ka Rusizi kagaragaza ko Twizeyimana Vincent nta burenganzira yari abufiteho, uyu munsi n'uwari wabwanditsweho akaba atagira icyo abukoresha, bigaragaza inshingano Twizeyimana Vincent yari afite yo kwerekana ko ubutaka yagurishije yabubonye mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko bityo uwo yabugurishijeho akabasha kubutunga mu mahoro; [9] Mu kwiregura Me Mwizerwa Alexis mu izina rya Twizeyimana Vincent na Uwamahoro Vestine yasobanuye ko iyi ngingo y'ubujurire nta shingiro ikwiye guhabwa, kubera ko ubutaka Ntarindwa Chris yaguze buhari kandi ko nk'uko urukiko rwisumbuye rwabivuze, icyo yakagombye gukurikirana ari inzira zo kubwandikwaho (mutation). Ariko ngo we aho kugira ngo yegere uwo baguze bagane kwa

notaire w'ubutaka bakore ibisabwa kugira ngo ihererekanya ribe, yahisemo gushishikazwa n'iseswa ry'amasezerano agamije gusaba inyungu z'indonke zidafite ishingiro. [10] Me Mwizerwa Alexis yasobanuye ko niba Ntarindwa Chris yumva ko ubutaka yaguze atakibukeneye, ibyo bidasobanuye ko byanze bikunze iseswa ry'amasezerano rishoboka. Yasobanuye ko indi mpamvu ituma iseswa riregerwa ridashoboka akaba ari uko hagati y’uwaguze n’uwamugurishije buri ruhande rwubahirije inshingano zarwo, ariko uyu munsi ubwo butaka bukaba butakiri mu maboko ya Twizeyimana Vincent na Uwamahoro Vestine kuburyo aribo baburegwa. Basobanuye ko uwaguze (Ntarindwa Chris) ariwe uyu munsi ubutunze, akaba nta mpamvu zemewe n'amategeko agaragaza zatuma amasezerano aseswa. Bityo n’Urukiko rwajuririwe rukaba rudakwiye guha ishingiro iyi mpamvu y'ubujurire.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Ingingo ya 83 n’iya 84 z’itegeko N°45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano zivuga ko ibisabwa byose mu masezerano cyangwa igice cyabyo bigomba gukorwa mu gihe kimwe n’impande zombi iyo bishoboka, keretse bigaragaye ukundi hakurikijwe uko ibintu biteye, izi ngingo zivuga kandi ko uruhande rumwe rudashobora gusaba urundi ruhande kurangiza inshingano zarwo rutabanje gukora ibyo rwasabwaga by ingenzi mu gihe hari ‟ inshingano magirirane. Ingingo ya 85 yo ivuga ko mu kugaragaza ko habayeho kudakora ibisabwa ku buryo bukabije, hitabwa ku bintu bikurikira: 1° inyungu urundi ruhande rutabonye kandi rwari ruyitegereje;

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2° indishyi urundi ruhande rwagombye kubona biturutse ku nyungu rwabuze; 3° ibyo uruhande rutakoze ibyo rwasabwaga rushobora gutakaza; 4° amahirwe yaba ariho ko uruhande rutakoze ibyo rwasabwaga rwakwikosora rukarangiza inshingano zarwo hakurikijwe uko ibintu bimeze n icyizere rwatanga; ‟ 5° uburiganya mu myitwarire y uruhande rutakoze ibyo rwasabwaga. ‟ [12] Izi ni ingingo zitandukanye ariko zuzuzanya zisobanura ko mu gihe habayeho amasezerano bitewe n’imiterere yayo, abayakoze baba bagomba kuyashyira mu bikorwa mu gihe kimwe iyo bishoboka. Iyo bitagenze bityo, nta ruhande na rumwe rushobora gusaba urundi kurangiza inshingano zarwo kandi rwo rutarabanje gukora ibyo rwasabwaga by’ingenzi mu gihe hari inshingano magirirane, iyo buri ruhande rusabwa kugira icyo rukora kugira ngo amasezerano yuzure. Iyo rero habayeho ko rumwe mu mpande zakoranye amasezerano rutuzuza inshingano zarwo, mu kubigenzura harebwa cyane cyane niba harabayeho igihombo ku rundi ruhande gishingiye ku: 1° inyungu urundi ruhande rutabonye kandi rwari ruyitegereje; 2° indishyi urundi ruhande rwagombye kubona biturutse ku nyungu rwabuze; 3° ibyo uruhande rutakoze ibyo rwasabwaga rushobora gutakaza; 4° amahirwe yaba ariho ko uruhande rutakoze ibyo rwasabwaga rwakwikosora rukarangiza inshingano zarwo hakurikijwe uko ibintu bimeze n icyizere rwatanga; ‟ 5° uburiganya mu myitwarire y uruhande rutakoze ibyo

rwasabwaga. ‟ [13] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Ntarindwa Chris gishingiye kuri izi ngingo kubera ko avuga ko kuwa 25/02/2018 yakoranye amasezerano y’ubugure bwa parcelle UPI 03/06/09/01/403 na Twizeyimana Vincent afatanyije n’umugore we Uwamahoro Véstine ku kiguzi cy’amadolari 25.000$ bemeranya kandi ko ahise yegukana uwo mutungo nyuma y’uko amaze kwishyura igiciro cyose bumvikanyeho. Ntarindwa Chris avuga ko nyuma yo kurangiza inshingano ze nk’umuguzi, abamugurishije bo bananiwe kuzuza izabo bamuha iyo parcelle bikaba byaragombaga kunyura mu ihererekanya (Mutation) ariko rikaba ritarakozwe ku mpamvu zibaturutseho. Ibyo bikaba byaramuvukije inyungu yo gutunga ubutaka yaguze ateganya kuzabwubakamo ariko bikaba bitagishobotse. Hakurikijwe rero ko amasezerano y’ubugure asabirwa guseswa yakozwe kuwa 25/02/2018, ubu bikaba bigeze mu mwaka wa 2022, imyaka irenga ine, Urukiko rusanga kuba rumwe mu ruhande rwabangamiwe rwarega bifite ishingiro, hagasigara gusa kumenya nyiri ikosa ryatumye ariya masezerano adashyirwa mu bikorwa, ndetse n’ingaruka yabyo mu rwego rw’amategeko iyo ntacyateganyijwe mu masezerano nyirizina. [14] Niba itegeko ko rivuga ko mu gihe abakoze amasezerano bari bategetswe kuyashyira mu bikorwa mu gihe kimwe, kandi mu gihe bidakozwe hakaba hagomba kugaragazwa nyiri ikosa ugomba kwirengera ingaruka zo kudashyira mu bikorwa amasezerano, Urukiko

rusanga kuba nyuma yo gushyira umukono ku masezerano Ntarindwa Chris yarahise yishyura ikiguzi cyose cyumvikanyweho, ariko Twizeyimana Vincent afatanyije n’umugore we Uwamahoro Véstine bo ntibahite bamuha parcelle UPI 03/06/09/01/403 nk’uko bari bamaze kubyumvikanaho mu buryo buteganywa n’ingingo ya 22 y’itegeko ngenga no 03/2013/ol ryo kuwa 16/06/2013 rikuraho itegeko ngenga N° 08/2005 ryo kuwa 14/07/2005 rigena imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka

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mu Rwanda1, ibyo bikagaragazwa n’uko kuwa 14/08/2020 bandikiwe ibaruwa yo kwihanangirizwa ngo buzuze inshingano bakayirengagiza kugeza ubwo Ntarindwa Chris afatiye icyemezo cyo kwiyambaza inkiko kuwa 03/09/2020 nyuma y’imyaka irenga ibiri. [15] Usibye kandi kudatanga icyagurishijwe mu gihe cyumvikanyweho kandi bamaze kwishyurwa igiguzi cyose, Urukiko rurasanga hari indi mpamvu igaragaza ko Twizeyimana Vincent n’umugore we Uwamahoro Véstine bananiwe gushyira mu bikorwa inshingano zabo, kandi ikaba ibaturukaho yo kuba nyuma barongeye kugurisha iriya parcelle uwundi muntu Bahogwerhe Bahati Michel bagahita banayimwegurira bagakorana ihererekanya; Bityo Urukiko rukaba rusaga aya masezerano agomba guseswa kubera amakosa ya Twizeyimana Vincent n’umugore we Uwamahoro Vestine. b) Kumenya icyo amategeko ateganya mu gihe habayeho iseswa ry’amasezerano y’ubugure [16] Ingingo ya 81 y’itegeko N°45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano ivuga ko kwica amasezerano yose bitanga uburenganzira ku ndishyi z’akababaro zishingiye ku nshingano zo gukora igisabwa zitararangira. Naho iya 86 ikavuga ko iyo amasezerano yishwe mu buryo bukabije biturutse ku kudakora ibisabwa mu masezerano bitanga uburenganzira bwo gusaba indishyi ku bitakozwe byose mu gihe izo ndishyi zikuraho inshingano zisigaye z’uruhande rwarenganye. Kuba rero Twizeyimana Vincent n’umugore we Uwamahoro Vestine barishe ku buryo

bukabije amasezerano y’ubugure yose, ibyo bihesha Ntarindwa Chris uburenganzira bwo kubasaba indishyi ku bitarakozwe byose. [17] Urukiko rurasanga mu ndishyi Ntarindwa Chris agombwa kwishyurwa harimo mbere na mbere gusubizwa ikiguzi yishyuye kingana n’amadorari 25.000$ gihwanye n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda 25.000.000Frw, ibyo bigakorwa hagendewe ku bitenywa n’ingingi ya 136 agace ka 4 y’itegeko rimaze kuvugwa haruguru2 ndetse n’iya 1563. c) Kumenya niba Ntarindwa Chris yahabwa indishyi z’akababaro zikomoka ku iseswa ry’amasezerano y’ubugure [18] Me Ndikumana Elisee mu izina rya Ntarindwa Chris yasabye ko Twizerimana Vincent n’umugore we Uwimana Véstine bategekwa kumwishyura indishyi mbonezamusaruro mu gihe cy’imyaka itatu bamaraniye amafaranga ye zibazwe mu buryo bukurikira : 25.000.000Frw X 24% X 3 ANS = 18.000.000Frw hakaniyongeraho n’indishyi z'akababaro zingana na 5.000.000Frw ; Me Mwizerwa Alexis mu izina rya Twizeyimana Vincent na Uwamahoro Vestine asobanura ko iyi ngingo nta shingiro ikwiye guhabwa, kubera ko ubutaka Ntarindwa Chris yaguze buhari icyo yakagombye gukurikirana ari inzira zo kubwandikwaho (mutation), ariko aho kugira ngo yegere uwo baguze bagane kwa notaire w'ubutaka bakore ibisabwa kugira 1 Ihererekanya ry’uburenganzira ku butaka iryo ari ryo ryose rikozwe n’uhagarariye umuryango rigomba kubanza kwemezwa n’abanditse bose ku mpapurompamo z’ubutaka. Umuntu

udafite ububasha ahabwa n’amategeko bwo guhagararira inyungu ze, ahagararirwa n’uwabiherewe uburenganzira ku buryo bwemewe n’amategeko. Kwemeza ihererekanya ry’ubutaka kw’abagize umuryango bikorwa mu nyandiko nyakuri ishyirwaho umukono cyangwa igikumwe ikorewe imbere ya Noteri ushinzwe iby’ubutaka. 2 Indishyi zishobora gutegekwa n inkiko mu rwego rwo kurengera inyungu zirimo ibi bikurikira: ‟ -gutegeka gutanga umubare w amafaranga mu kwirinda ko habaho ukwikungahaza mu buryo budakwiye. ‟ 3 Uruhande rwasabye gutesha agaciro amasezerano rufite uburenganzira bwo gusubizwa inyungu zose urundi ruhande rwabonye.

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ngo ihererekanya ribe, akaba yarihitiyemo kubwe gushishikazwa n'iseswa ry'amasezerano agamije gusaba inyungu z'indonke zidafite ishingiro. Kuba rero ngo hagati y’ugura n’ugurisha buri ruhande rwubahirije inshingano zarwo, ubwo butaka, ubu bukaba butakiri mu maboko ya Twizeyimana Vincent na Uwamahoro Vestine kuburyo aribo baburegwa. Bahogwerhe Bahati Michel wagobokeshejwemo ku gahato ahagarariwe na Me Nzayiramya Felix ku ndishyi zisabwa yasobanuye ko ikibanza kiburanwa ari we wakiguze bwa kabiri na Twizeyimana Vincent na Uwamahoro Vestine banakimwandikaho, ariko nawe ngo akaba yarahuye n’ikibazo cy’uko Akarere ka Rusizi kamuhagaritse kugira icyo agikoreramo kubera ko ngo yagurishijwe ubutaka n’abatari ba nyirabwo, bamubwira ko ari ubwa WASAC, bityo nawe urukiko rukaba rwakurikirana ibijyanye n’amasezerano ye.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [19] Ingingo ya 115 y’itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ivuga ko kugobokesha ku gahato umuburanyi mu rubanza bisabwa n’umuburanyi ushaka ko umuntu utari mu rubanza aruzanwamo kugira ngo na we aburane, hato atazatambamira imikirize yarwo. Umuburanyi ushaka kugobokesha undi muntu mu rubanza abigaragaza mu mwanzuro utanga ikirego cyangwa wo kwiregura, akabimenyesha ugobokeshwa. Icyakora, iyo habonetse impamvu yihariye ituma kugobokesha biba mu gihe cy’iburanisha, umucamanza ashobora kubisuzuma akabifataho icyemezo. Kugira ngo Bahogwerhe Bahati Michel agobokeshwe muri uru rubanza, byatewe n’uko Twizeyimana Vincent na Uwamahoro Vestine bakomeje kuvuga ko nta mpamvu ihari yo gukorera mutation Ntarindwa Chris kubera ko ngo ariwe wabemereye ko ubutaka bwose babwandika kuri Bahogwerhe Bahati Michel bitewe n’amasano bafitanye. Ibintu undi yahakanye akavuga ko ntabyabayeho ko ahubwo uyu yazanwa mu rubanza kugira ngo atazamusubiza mu nkiko bitewe n’ibivugwa n’ababagurishije. Ibi bigaragara ko ikibazo cy’amasezerano hagati ya Twizeyimana Vincent na Uwamahoro Vestine na Bahogwerhe Bahati Michel ntaho gihuriye n’uru rubanza ndetse bitanashobora kuburanishirizwa hamwe ku rwego rw’ubujurire bwa mbere nk’uko bisabwa n’wagobokeshejwe, ahubwo icyo bemerewe kuvugaho ari

ibijyanye n’amasezerano asabirwa iseswa no kumenya niba kuba yanditswe kuri Bahogwerhe Bahati Michel hari uruhare Ntarindwa Chris kuburyo byamugiraho ingaruka. [20] Ingingo ya 137 n’iya 138 z’itegeko rigenga amasezerano ivuga ko: Uruhande rwarenganyijwe rufite uburenganzira bwo kubona indishyi zitanzwe n urundi ruhande ‟ rutubahirije ibisabwa mu masezerano, keretse iyo ikirego kigamije kubona indishyi cyahagaritswe cyangwa cyaravuyeho. Uruhande rurengana rufite uburenganzira ku ndishyi zishingiye ku nyungu rwateganyaga zibarwa hakurikijwe: 1° itakazagaciro ku ruhande rwarenganyijwe rishingiye ku byo urundi ruhande rwiyemeje bitewe n uko byabuze cyangwa se bidahagije; ‟ 2° ikindi gihombo cyose gitewe no kutubahiriza amasezerano, n ikindi gihombo cyose ‟ cyashamikiraho; 3° ibyakoreshwa byose cyangwa ikindi gihombo uruhande rutubahirije amasezerano rwirinze kubera kudakora ibisabwa.

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[21] Ingingo ya 144 yo ivuga ko: Iyo kwica amasezerano birebana no kutishyura amafaranga cyangwa kudakora igisabwa gishobora kubarwa mu mafaranga azwi cyangwa ashobora kumenyekana, inyungu zibarwa uhereye igihe igisabwa cyagombaga gukorwa hakuwemo ibyo uruhande rwishe amasezerano rufiteho uburenganzira. mu ndishyi zisabwa na Ntarindwa Chris harimo inyungu amafaranga yishyuye Twizeyimana Vincent na Uwamahoro Vestine agomba ngo kubyara, azibara ashingiye ku nyungu zisanzwe zicibwa n’amabanki, ndetse akanasaba iz’akababaro kubera uburyo akomeje kumurushya. [22] Urukiko rusanga indishyi zijyanye n’inyungu zisabwa na Ntarindwa Chris zifite ishingiro, kubera ko iyo ariya mafaranga yishyuye Twizeyimana Vincent na Uwamahoro Vestine ayabitsa muri banki kuri konti yo kuzigama abaramubyariye inyungu zikomoka kuri uko kubitsa. Ariko kubera ko adakora imirimo ya banki, Urukiko rusanga rugomba kuzimugenera mu bushishozi bwarwo, bityo Twizeyimana Vincent na Uwamahoro Vestine bakaba bagomba kumwishyura inyungu cyangwa se indishyi z’akababaro nk’uko byiswe na Ntarindwa Chris ingana n’amafaranga 1.000.000Frw zikomoka ku gihe cy’imyaka 3 bamaraniye amafaranga ye 25.000.000Frw yemejwe haruguru. d) Ibijyanye n’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka [23] Me Ndikumana Elisee mu izina rya Ntarindwa Chris yasabye ko Twizeyimana Vincent afatanyije na Uwamahoro Véstine bamwishyura indishyi

z’ikurikiranarubanza ndetse n’igihembo cya avoka zingana n’amafaranga 5.000.000Frw. Muri uru rubanza Bahogwerhe Bahati Michel wagobokeshejwemo ku gahato ahagarariwe na Me Me Nzayiramya Felix nawe asaba ko bazamwishyura indishyi z’igihembo cya avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza. [24] Ingingo ya 111 y’itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ivuga ko ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kikaba kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo; kandi kikaba gishobora kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe. Urukiko rurasanga indishyi zisabwe na Ntarindwa Chris zifite ishingiro, bityo Twizeyimana Vincent afatanyije na Uwamahoro Véstine bakaba bagomba kumwishyura amafaranga 1.000.000Frw yishyuye uwamuburaniye ku rwego rwa mbere no mu bujurire, bakanamusubiza amafaranga yatanzeho ingwate ku rwego rwa mbere no mu bujurire angana na 60.000Frw; Bakanishyura Bahogwerhe Bahati Michel indishyi zingana n’amafaranga 500.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy avoka. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [25] Rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cya Ntarindwa Chris gifite ishingiro. [26] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RC 00073/2020/TGI/RSZ rwaciwe kuwa 07/07/2021 n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, ihindutse mu ngingo zayo zose.

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[27] Rwemeje ko amasezerano y’ubugure bwa parcelle ifite numero UPI 03/06/09/01/403 yo kuwa 25/02/2018 Twizeyimana Vincent afatanyije na Uwamahoro Véstine bagiranye na Ntarindwa Chris asheshwe. [28] Rutegetse Twizeyimana Vincent afatanyije na Uwamahoro Véstine gusubiza Ntarindwa Chris ikiguzi bari bishyuwe kingana n’amadorari 25.000USD, gihwanye n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda 25.000.000Frw, batayasubiza ku neza kandi mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko akazavanwa mu byabo ku ngufu za Leta. [29] Rutegetse Twizeyimana Vincent afatanyije na Uwamahoro Véstine kwishyura Ntarindwa Chris indishyi z’akababaro zingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda 1.000.000Frw, batayasubiza ku neza kandi mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko akazavanwa mu byabo ku ngufu za Leta. [30] Rutegetse Twizeyimana Vincent afatanyije na Uwamahoro Véstine kwishyura Ntarindwa Chris indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka zingana n’amafaranga 1.000.000Frw, batazishyura ku neza kandi mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko zikazavanwa mu byabo ku ngufu za Leta. [31] Rutegetse Twizeyimana Vincent afatanyije na Uwamahoro Véstine kwishyura Bahogwerhe Bahati Michel indishyi z’igihembo cya avoka zingana n’amafaranga 500.000Frw, batazishyura ku neza kandi mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko zikazavanwa mu byabo ku ngufu za Leta. [32] Rubategetse kandi gusubiza Ntarindwa Chris amafaranga 60.000Frw yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama kuva uru rubanza ruregewe inkiko, nayo batayasubiza ku neza kandi mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko zikazavanwa mu byabo ku ngufu za Leta.