UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NTEGEREJIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NTEGEREJIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-07-17 - Case/document no.: RPAA 01032/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NTEGEREJIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 01032/2024/CA (Rutazana, P.J.) 17 Nyakanga 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanirishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ukwemera icyaha – Ukwemera icyaha gukozwe bwa mbere mu bujurire – Ukwemera icyaha kugira agaciro gashobora gutuma uregwa agabanyirizwa igihano iyo gukozwe byibura mbere y’uko iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere ripfundikirwa, kudashidikanywaho, kuba uwemera agaragaza ko yumva uburemere bw’ibikorwa yemera n’ingaruka zabyo. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kugabanya igihano – Nta cyabuza Urukiko kugabanyiriza igihano uregwa, hagamijwe gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha kabone n’ubwo impamvu z’ubujurire zaba zitahawe ishingiro. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ntegerejimana Etienne n’Uwineza Alphonse bombi bakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi nyuma yuko uwitwa Bandora yemeranyijwe n’Uwineza Alphonse ko azamuha urumogi rwo kugura, Uwineza akamuhuza na Ntegerejimana, niko gufatanwa ibiro 6 by’urumogi batabwa muri yombi. Ubushinjacyaha nyuma y’iperereza, bwabaregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo busaba ko buri wese icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi akurikiranyweho kimuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ingana na 20.000.000 Frw. Ntegerejimana yaburanye ahakana icyaha, mu gihe Uwineza we Uwineza yaburanye avuga ko icyo yemera ari uko ariwe warangiye Bandora Théogene n’uwo bari kumwe aho bakura urwo rumogi akaba abisabira imbabazi. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Ntegerejimana Etienne na Uwineza Alphonse bahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda n’icyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rubahanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 kuri Ntegerejimana Etienne n’imyaka 10 kuri Uwineza Alphonse, n’ihazabu ingana na 21.000.000 Frw kuri buri wese. Abaregwa bombi bajuririye Urukiko Rukuru/Kigali, Uwineza Alphonse asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha, naho Ntegerejimana Etienne we avuga ko mu Bugenzacyaha atemeye icyaha kuko yasinye ku nyandikomvugo y’ibazwa rye atayisomye, bityo akaba yarahamijwe icyaha atakoze. Urukiko Rukuru/ Kigali rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko igifungo cy’imyaka 10 Uwineza Alphonse yahanishijwe kidakwiye kongera kugabanywa ariko ko igihano cy’ihazabu yahawe kigomba kugabanywa hashingiwe ku biteganya mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ahanishwa ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000 Frw; naho ku bireba Ntegerejimana Etienne rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku rubanza rujuririrwa kuko mu ibazwa rye mu Bugenzacyaha yemeye icyaha kandi mu bujurire akaba atagaragaza ko hari igitutu yashyizweho. Ntegejimana yajuririye mu Rukiko avuga ko noneho yemera icyaha, gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe kuri uko kwemera icyaha no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi.

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Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ukwemera icyaha uregwa akoze mbere ku rwego rw’ubujurire kutashingirwaho agabanyirizwa igihano kuko binyuranyije n’amategeko, ariko ko igihano yahanishijwe cyagabanywa hashingiwe ku zindi mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange.

Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Ukwemera icyaha kugira agaciro gashobora gutuma uregwa agabanyirizwa igihano iyo gukozwe byibura mbere y’uko iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere ripfundikirwa, kudashidikanywaho, kuba uwemera agaragaza ko yumva uburemere bw’ibikorwa yemera n’ingaruka zabyo,…. 2. Nta cyabuza Urukiko kugabanyiriza igihano uregwa, hagamijwe gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha kabone n’ubwo impamvu z’ubujurire zaba zitahawe ishingiro. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Nta mategeko yashingiweho Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 0343/10/CS; Ubushinjacyaha vs Mpiranya Boniface rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/02/2015; RPA 00060/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Nsabimana Callixte Alias Sankara n’abandi rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022; RPAA 00181/2024/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Twizerane Alphonse rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/04/2025; RPAA 00012/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Umubyeyi Yvette rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/04/2025; RPAA 00039/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Shakabatenda Jean de Dieu rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 02/07/2021.

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Bandora Théogene yumvikanye na Uwineza Alphonse ko azamuha urumogi rwo kurangura banemeranya ko azajya kurufata mu Bugesera, hanyuma Bandora Théogene ahita abimenyesha inzego z’umutekano; maze ku wa 30/08/2022 ari kumwe n’umupolisi, Uwineza Alphonse abahuza na Ntegerejimana Etienne, babazanira ibiro 6 byarwo maze aba bombi bahita bafatwa batangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Ntegerejimana Etienne na Uwineza Alphonse mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo buri wese akurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gutunda no

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gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko kimuhama agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ingana na 20.000.000 Frw, bushingiye ku bimenyetso bikurikira: a) inyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’ibiro 6 by’urumogi, yakozwe ku wa 30/08/2022 Ntegerejimana Etienne na Uwineza Alphonse bakayishyiraho umukono; b) kuba Ntegerejimana Etienne abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha yaremeye icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi; c) kuba Uwineza Alphonse ashinja Ntegerejimana Etienne ko ariwe warumuhaye ngo arushyire Bandora Théogene nk’umukiriya; d) ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Bandora Théogene na Musoni Jean d’Amour bemeza ko Ntegerejimana Etienne na Uwineza Alphonse bafatanywe urumogi bacuruzaga; e) raporo y’inzego z’ibanze yemeza ko aba bombi bafashwe bacuruza urumogi kandi ko Ntegerejimana Etienne amaze igihe kinini abikora.

[3] Ntegerejimana Etienne yireguye ahakana icyaha, avuga ko adacuruza urumogi ahubwo ari umumotari akaba yaragiye nk’ugiye guhabwa akazi ko gutwara Uwineza Alphonse, kandi ko mu Bugenzacyaha atemeye icyaha ahubwo yasobanuye uko byagenze. Uwineza Alphonse we yaburanye avuga ko icyo yemera ari uko ariwe warangiye Bandora Théogene n’uwo bari kumwe aho bakura urwo rumogi akaba abisabira imbabazi. [4] Mu rubanza RP 01097/2022/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 10/02/2023 rwemeje ko Ntegerejimana Etienne na Uwineza Alphonse bahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda n’icyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rubahanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 kuri Ntegerejimana Etienne n’imyaka 10 kuri Uwineza Alphonse, n’ihazabu ingana na 21.000.000 Frw kuri buri wese, rushingiye ku mvugo z’abaregwa mu Bugenzacyaha bemera icyaha imvugo y’umutangabuhamya wasobanuye uko bafashwe, na raporo y’inzego z’ibanze ibashinja gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge. [5] Abaregwa bombi bajuririye Urukiko Rukuru/Kigali, Uwineza Alphonse asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha, naho Ntegerejimana Etienne we avuga ko mu Bugenzacyaha atemeye icyaha kuko yasinye ku nyandikomvugo y’ibazwa rye atayisomye, bityo akaba yarahamijwe icyaha atakoze. [6] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yaburanye avuga ko ku bireba Ntegerejimana Etienne nta gikwiye guhinduka ku mikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa kuko hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko icyaha ashinjwa yagikoze, bigizwe n’ibyo yiyemereye mu Bugenzacyaha n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya; naho ku bireba Uwineza Alphonse igihano cy’igifungo yahanishijwe kikaba kidakwiriye kongera kugabanywa kuko ari gito cyane, ariko ko yagabanyirizwa igihano cy’ihazabu agahanishwa ingana na 5.000.000 Frw kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho. [7] Mu rubanza RPA 00433/2023/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Kigali ku wa 30/09/2024, rwemeje ko igifungo cy’imyaka 10 Uwineza Alphonse yahanishijwe kidakwiye

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kongera kugabanywa ariko ko igihano cy’ihazabu yahawe kigomba kugabanywa hashingiwe ku biteganya mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ahanishwa ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000 Frw; naho ku bireba Ntegerejimana Etienne rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku rubanza rujuririrwa kuko mu ibazwa rye mu Bugenzacyaha yemeye icyaha kandi mu bujurire akaba atagaragaza ko hari igitutu yashyizweho. [8] Ntegerejimana Etienne yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 01032/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 08/07/2025 yunganiwe na Me Munini Patrick naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bunyoye Grāce, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu bujurire bwe Ntegerejimana Etienne n’umwunganira bavuga ko yajuriye agamije kwemera icyaha akanagaragaza uruhare rwe mu ikorwa ryacyo, no gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe kuri uko kwemera icyaha no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ukwemera icyaha Ntegerejimana Etienne akoze bwa mbere kuri uru rwego rw’ubujurire kutashingirwaho agabanyirizwa igihano kuko binyuranyije n’amategeko, ariko ko igihano yahanishijwe cyagabanywa hashingiwe ku zindi mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [11] Urukiko rurasuzuma niba igihano Ntegerejimana Etienne yahanishijwe gishobora kugabanywa hashingiwe ku kwemera icyaha akoze bwa mbere ku rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri no ku zindi mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza.

II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA

Kumenya niba Ntegerejimana Etienne ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kwemera icyaha akoze bwa mbere ku rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri no ku zindi mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza [12] Ntegerejimana Etienne na Me Munini Patrick umwunganira bavuga ko ku rwego rwa mbere yaburanye ahakana icyaha aregwa kubera abajyanama babi yasanze mu igororero, ariko ko nyuma yo kubitekerezaho no kwicuza yahisemo kujurira kuri uru rwego agamije kwemera icyaha, kugaragaza uko yagikoze, gusaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa igihano. [13] Basobanura ko nta kibuza Urukiko gushingira ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha y’uko yemeye icyaha n’ubwo agukoze bwa mbere kuri uru rwego, n’iy’uko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi, rukamugabanyiriza igihano hagamijwe kugihuza n’uburemere bw’icyaha, hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RPAA 00194/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/07/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Emmanuel alias Shema, aho Urukiko rwasobanuye ko no mu gihe rusanze impamvu z’ubujurire nta shingiro zifite, uregwa ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano.

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[14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko igihano Ntegerejimana Etienne yahanishijwe kidakwiriye kugabanywa hashingiwe ku kwemera icyaha akoze bwa mbere kuri uru rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri kuko byaba binyuranyije n’amategeko; ariko ko hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Urukiko rwasuzumwa niba yagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku zindi mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Ntegerejimana Etienne ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kwemera icyaha akoze bwa mbere kuri uru rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri no ku zindi mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza. [16] Ibijyanye no kwemera icyaha gushobora gushingirwaho uregwa agabanyirizwa igihano byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte Alias Sankara n’abandi, aho rwasobanuye ko “ukwemera icyaha kugira agaciro gashobora gutuma uregwa agabanyirizwa igihano iyo gukozwe byibura mbere y’uko iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere ripfundikirwa, kudashidikanywaho, kuba uwemera agaragaza ko yumva uburemere bw’ibikorwa yemera n’ingaruka zabyo,….” 1 . Uyu murongo kandi waje ushimangira ibyari byaremejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPA 0343/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 27/02/2015 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpiranya Boniface (igika cya 13) wanakomeje gushingirwaho mu manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, mu ziheruka gucibwa hakaba harimo nk’urubanza RPAA 00181/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 25/04/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twizerane Alphonse (igika cya 16) n’urubanza RPAA 00012/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/04/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Umubyeyi Yvette (igika cya 25). [17] Naho mu mu rubanza RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 02/07/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Shakabatenda Jean de Dieu, rwatanze umurongo w’uko “Nta cyabuza Urukiko kugabanyiriza igihano uregwa, hagamijwe gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha kabone n’ubwo impamvu z’ubujurire zaba zitahawe ishingiro.” [18] Dosiye y’uru rubanza igaragaza ko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo no mu Rukiko Rukuru Ntegerejimana Etienne yaburanye ahakana icyaha aregwa, ariko izo nkiko zombi zemeza ko kimuhama zishingiye ku bimenyetso byatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, ajurira muri uru Rukiko avuga ko noneho aje kucyemera. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ariko hashingiwe ku murongo wagaragajwe haruguru mu gika cya 16, ukwemera icyaha Ntegerejimana Etienne akoze bwa mbere kuri uru rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri kutamubera impamvu yashingirwaho agabanyirizwa igihano, kuko atacyemeye ku buryo budashidikanywaho mbere y’uko iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere ripfundikirwa; bityo rero ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite.

1 Reba igika cya 136 cy’urubanza Nº RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NSABIMANA Callixte alias Sankara n’abandi.

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[20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ariko, hashingiwe nanone ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwagaragajwe haruguru mu gika cya 17, nta kirubuza gusuzuma niba igihano Ntegerejimana Etienne yahanishijwe gihuye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yahamijwe. [21] Urukiko rurasanga ku bijyanye n’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 20 yahanishijwe, kitakongera kugabanywa kuko kiri munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 uru Rukiko rwahanishije abaregwa bari bakurikiranyweho icyaha gisa n’icyo yahamijwe, mu manza zinyuranye rwaciye; mu ziheruka gucibwa harimo nk’urubanza RPAA 00083/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Sinkuriryayo Steven. Muri urwo rubanza, uregwa yari ukurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, Urukiko rwemeza ko agomba guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000 Frw hashingiwe ku mpamvu y’uko ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi, ariko hanitawe ku kuba yarafatanywe ingano nini y’urumogi (rungana n’udupfunyika 3.000) no kuba yaraburanye ahakana icyaha; Ntegerejimana Etienne nawe akaba yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kandi akaba yarafatanywe urumogi rungana n’ibiro 6 (ni ukuvuga udupfunyika 3000), akaba yaranaburanye ahakana icyaha. Izi manza zombi zinahuriye ku kuba abaregwa bombi bari mu cyiciro kimwe cy’imyaka y’amavuko (barengeje imyaka 25). [22] Naho ku bijyanye n’igihano cy’ihazabu, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga hatirengagijwe ko icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge Ntegerejimana Etienne yakoze kiremereye, kuba nta kindi cyaha yahamijwe n’inkiko mu buryo buzwi byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yashingirwaho igihano cy’ihazabu yahanishijwe kigabanywa agahanishwa ingana na 5.000.000 Frw; iki gihano kikaba kinahura n’icyatanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 00083/2024/CA rwavuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki. [23] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Ntegerejimana Etienne akaba agomba guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000 Frw. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [24] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ntegerejimana Etienne nta shingiro bufite. [25] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00433/2023/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Kigali ku wa 30/09/2024 ruhindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’igihano cy’ihazabu Ntegerejimana Etienne ahanishijwe. [26] Ruhanishije Ntegerejimana Etienne igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [27] Rwemeje ko Ntegerejimana Etienne asonewe amagarama y'urubanza kuko aburana afunze.