NTEZIRYAYO v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

NTEZIRYAYO v. UBUSHINJACYAHA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00244/2025/CA (Tugireyezu, P.J.,) 27 Gashyantare 2026] Amategeko agenga imanza z’[inshinjabyaha – Icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi – Gusaba gutesga agaciro isaka ritubahirije amategeko – Mu rwego rwo kurinda kutavogerwa k’umutungo bwite guteganywa n’Itegeko Nshinga, uretse mu gihe ukekwaho icyaha afatiwe mu cyuho cyangwa asa n’uwagifatiwemo, nta saka rishobora gukorwa n’Umugenzacyaha mu gihe adafite urwandiko rwo gusaka cyangwa uruhushya rwo gusaka, yahawe n’Umushinjacyaha ubifitiye ububasha, kandi ko agomba kurugaragaza mbere yo gusaka, isaka rigakorerwa imbere y’ukekwaho icyaha, Ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze bw’aho icyo gikorwa kibera buhari. Mu gihe isaka ryakozwe ku buryo ritubahirije ibisabwa n’Umushingamategeko, iryo saka n’inyandiko-mvugo zose zakozwe nyuma zigomba guteshwa agaciro. Mu gihe hari ibimenyetso byabonetse nyuma yo gukora isaka, uruhushya rwo gusaka rugomba kugaragazwa n’Ubushinjacyaha muri dosiye y’urubanza, bitaba ibyo isaka ryakozwe rigateshwa gaciro, kuko Umucamaza afite inshingano yo kugenzura ko isaka ryakozwe hakurikijwe amategeko, ndetse afite n’inshingano yo kurengera uburenganzira bw’ukekwaho icyaha bwo kwiregura. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Nteziryayo Damien mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kuko yafatanywe udupfunyika 81, busaba ko kimuhama, akagihanirwa. Nteziryayo Damien yaburanye ahakana icyaha avuga ko umucuruzi agirwa n’ibintu bimuranga birimo kugira ibicuruzwa, abaguzi n’amafaranga, kandi ibyo byose batabimusanganye. Urukiko rushingiye ku bimenyetso bitandukanye, rwemeje ko Nteziryayo Damien ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, maze ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabili n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabili n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw). Nteziryayo Damien ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko asaba kurenganurwa kuko yahaniwe icyaha atigeze akora, avuga ko nta rumogi yarabitse mu rugo rwe, bityo asaba kugirwa umwere. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yaburanye avuga ko kuba Nteziryayo Damien ahakana ko urumogi aregwa rwakuwe mu nzu ye, nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa kuko abashinzwe umutekano binjiye mu nzu ye barukuramo, anasinya ku nyandiko mvugo y’ifatira. Urukiko Rukuru, rwasanze kuba hitawe ku kuba ari ubwa mbere Nteziryayo Damien akurikiranwe bizwi mu butabera, kuba yarafatanwe ingano nto y’urumgoi rwo gucuruza, byamubera impamvu ituma agabanyirizwa igihano, bityo rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 16 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000Frw. Nteziryayo Damien ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, maze ajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi kandi nta kimenyetso na kimwe kigaragaza ko yagikoze cyangwa ngo agifatirwemo, avuga kandi ko isaka mu rugo rwe

ryakozwe mu buryo bunyurayije n’amategeko kuko umupolisi warikoze nta ruhushya rw’isaka yari afite; nta muyobozi n’umwe wo mu nzego z’ibanze wari uhari nk’uko biteganywa n’amategeko kuko nta muyobozi n’umwe w’aho iryo saka ryabereye ugaragara kuri PV de Constat; uhari, igaragaza ko isaka ryakozwe Nteziryayo Damien adahari ariko ku musozo wayo hakagaragazwa ko yasinye; ndetse ruha agaciro imvugo z’umutangabuhamya kandi zirimo gushidikanya, bityo asaba ko iryo saka ryateshwa agaciro. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko kuba Nteziryayo Damien n’umwunganira bavuga ko isaka rikwiye guteshwa agaciro kuko ryakozwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko umupolisi yagiye gusaka nta ruhushya rwo gusaka afite, kuba isaka ryarakozwe nta Muyobozi wo mu Nzego z’ibanze uhari, kuba PV de Constat na Raporo y’ifatwa ry’urumogi bifite inenge, nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa kuko isaka ryakozwe kwa Nteziryayo Damien ritakozwe n’Umugenzacyaha mu rwego rw’ikurikiranacyaha ahubwo ryakozwe na Polisi mu rwego rw’umutekano. Ku birebana n’inyandiko mvugo y’isaka bavuga ko hagombaga kuba hari abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa kuko babivuga bashingiye ku itegeko ritariryo, rigenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nyamara atariryo bakwiye gushiraho kuko isaka ryakozwe na Polisi ahubwo hakaba hakwiye kurebwa itegeko ryahaga Polisi ubwo bubasha bwo gusaka. Ku bijyanye n’inenge zishingiye ku bikubiye mu nyandiko zitandukanye zirimo PV de Constat na Raporo y’ifatwa ry’urumogi, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko bidakwiye gusuzumwa kuri uru rwego kuko izo nenge uregwa n’umwunganira bavuga zitarebana n’isaka rinyuranyije n’amategeko bajuririye mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, ahubwo irebana n’agaciro ikimenyetso cyatanzwe gishobora guhabwa mu rwego rw’amategeko kandi agaciro k’inyandiko cyangwa inenge y’imyandikire y’inyandiko bitandukanye n’isaka rikurikije amategeko cyangwa ridakurikije amategeko kuko ari ikimenyetso cyigenga kitagamije kuzuza cyangwa gusobanura kurushaho impamvu yatanzwe mbere, bityo ko, kuba izo nenge ari ingingo nshya yatanzwe nyuma y’igihe cy’ubujurire, idakwiye kwakirwa ngo isuzumwe . Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasanze mu guhamya Nteziryayo Damien icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, Urukiko Rukuru, rutari gushingira ku nyandikomvugo zavuzwe mu rubanza kubera ko nta gaciro zifite, bityo rusanga atari ngombwa kwirirwa rusubiza ku kindi kibazo cyo kumenya niba Nteziryayo Damien yarahamijwe icyaha nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bigaragajwe, ku bw’ibyo ingingo y’ubujurire bwe ikaba ifite ishingiro, urubanza rwajuririwe rukaba rugomba guhinduka mu ngingo zarwo zose. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu rwego rwo kurinda kutavogerwa k’umutungo bwite guteganywa n’Itegeko Nshinga, uretse mu gihe ukekwaho icyaha afatiwe mu cyuho cyangwa asa n’uwagifatiwemo, nta saka rishobora gukorwa n’Umugenzacyaha mu gihe adafite urwandiko rwo gusaka cyangwa uruhushya rwo gusaka, yahawe n’Umushinjacyaha ubifitiye ububasha, kandi ko agomba kurugaragaza mbere yo gusaka, isaka rigakorerwa imbere y’ukekwaho icyaha, Ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze bw’aho icyo gikorwa kibera buhari. Mu gihe isaka ryakozwe ku buryo ritubahirije ibisabwa n’Umushingamategeko, iryo saka n’inyandiko-mvugo zose zakozwe nyuma zigomba guteshwa agaciro. Mu gihe hari ibimenyetso byabonetse nyuma yo gukora isaka, uruhushya rwo gusaka rugomba kugaragazwa n’Ubushinjacyaha muri dosiye y’urubanza, bitaba ibyo isaka ryakozwe rigateshwa gaciro, kuko Umucamaza afite inshingano yo kugenzura ko isaka

ryakozwe hakurikijwe amategeko, ndetse afite n’inshingano yo kurengera uburenganzira bw’ukekwaho icyaha bwo kwiregura. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 55, iya 60 n’iya 61. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPAA 00241/2022/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Habanabakize Selaiman alias Addy, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/11/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 17/10/2020, Abapolisi bakorera mu Ishami rya Police rishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge bahawe amakuru ko Nteziryayo Damien acuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bajya iwe kumusaka, bagezeyo basanga Nteziryayo Damien nta wuhari, bica urugi binjira mu nzu, bagezemo basanga hagati ya matelas ebyiri zari muri iyo nzu harimo udupfunyika 81 tw’urumogi. Nyuma Nteziryayo Damien aza gufatwa, ashyikirizwa inzego z’Iperereza. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Nteziryayo Damien mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko kimuhama, akagihanirwa. [3] Nteziryayo Damien yireguye avuga ko icyo cyaha atacyemera kuko umucuruzi agirwa n’ibintu bimuranga birimo kugira ibicuruzwa, abaguzi n’amafaranga, ko rero ibyo bicuruzwa batabimusanganye, ko nta raporo y’Akagari igaragaza ko ibyo biyobyabwenge bihari. Yakomeje yibaza impamvu batamutegereje ngo aze bamusake ahari kuko ariho atuye, akabona ari akagambane yagiriwe. [4] Mu rubanza RP 01585/2020/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe ku wa 8/11/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwasanze hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko uregwa yakoze icyaha birimo: a) Kuba urumogi rwarafatiwe mu nzu ye, munsi ya matelas kandi nawe akaba yarabyemeye; b) Ubuhamya bwa Dusabimana Justine wabonye urumogi rukurwa mu nzu ye; c) Kuba ingano y’urumogi yafatanwe ari nini bigaragara ko rutari urwo kunywa, ahubwo rwari urwo gucuruza.

Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwemeje ko Nteziryayo Damien ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabili n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabili n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw). [5] Nteziryayo Damien ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko asaba kurenganurwa kuko yahaniwe icyaha atigeze akora kuko urumogi aregwa gucuruza ntarwo yigeze asiga mu nzu ye, akaba atarigeze anarwemera kandi bavuga ko rwakuwe mu nzu ye babanje kwica urugi, ko bitumvikana uburyo byakozwe kuko ariho atuye batigeze bamushaka ngo abure ahubwo ko ibyo byose byakozwe kubw’akagambane yakorewe bakarumwitirira agasaba kugirwa umwere. [6] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yaburanye avuga ko kuba Nteziryayo Damien ahakana ko urumogi aregwa rwakuwe mu nzu ye, nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa kuko abashinzwe umutekano binjiye mu nzu ye barukuramo anasinya ku nyandiko mvugo y’ifatira kandi ko mu gihe cyose baba bafite amakuru y’aho urumogi ruri, ari ndakumirwa ndetse ko iyo nzu ye bayifunguye hari umutangabuhamya Dusabimana Justine babanje kwereka ikarita y’akazi, akabona ko atari ngombwa ko bitwaza impapuro z’Ubushinjacyaha zibemerera gusaka. [7] Mu rubanza RPA 01678/2021/HC/KIG, rwaciwe ku wa 12/02/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, rwasanze kuba Nteziryayo Damien asaba kurenganurwa ashingiye ku buryo urumogi rwakuwe mu nzu ye babanje kumusenyera inzu hagamijwe kumugambamira bakarumwitirira, kuba urumogi rwarakuwe mu nzu ye ibanje gusenywa akavuga ko ari urwo bamwitiriye mu rwego rw’akagambane, ko iryo saka ritakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, nta shingiro bifite kuko hari umutangabuhamya Dusabimana Justine wari uhari rukurwa mu nzu ye, akaba yarasobanuye uko abashinzwe umutekano baje bakamwereka ikarita y’akazi, hari n’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze, Nteziryayo Damien adahari kandi bafite amakuru ko harimo urumogi bafata icyemezo cyo kwica urugi binjiramo ari abantu 8, urumogi barusanga mu ngofero y’ubudodo ifite amabara ameze nk’aya uniforme ya gisirikare iri hagati ya matelas ebyiri zishaje, akaba kandi atagaragaza icyo ashingiraho avuga ko barumwitirira. Rwasanze kandi hitawe ku kuba ari ubwa mbere Nteziryayo Damien akurikiranwe bizwi mu butabera, kuba yarafatanwe ingano nto y’urumgoi rwo gucuruza, byamubera impamvu ituma agabanyirizwa igihano, bityo rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 16 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000 Frw. [8] Nteziryayo Damien ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00244/2025/CA, iburanisha ryarwo rishyirwa ku wa 03/11/2025. Nteziryayo Damien yitabye yunganiwe na Me Habakurama François Xavier naho Ubushinjacyaha bwitabye buhagarariwe na Ninahazwa Roseline, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. Kuri uwo munsi iburanisha ryarasubitswe kugira ngo avoka wunganira uregwa ajye gukora umwanzuro usobanura neza ibirebana n’isaka bavuga ridakurikije amategeko, maze ryimurirwa ku wa 15/12/2025. Kuri uwo munsi nabwo urubanza ntirwaburanishijwe kuko Avoka wunganira Nteziryayo Damien yasabye ko rwimurwa kuko yagize izindi manza zitinda kurangira, bityo rwimurirwa ku wa 18/12/2024 ari nabwo rwaburanishijwe ruranapfundikirwa. Mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi rwaciwe ku wa 13/01/2026, Urukiko rwafashe icyemezo cyo gupfundura urubanza kugira ngo Ubushinjacyaha bujye gukora iperereza bwari bwasabye, iburanisha rishyirwa ku wa 10/02/2026 ariko uwo munsi Ubushinjacyaha busaba ko iburanisha risubikwa kuko butari bwararangije gukora iperereza, maze iburanisha ryimurirwa ku wa 23/02/2026.

[9] Mu mwanzuro no mu miburanire, Nteziryayo Damien na Me Habakurama François Xavier umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi kandi nta kimenyetso na kimwe kigaragaza ko yagikoze cyangwa ngo agifatirwemo, ko rwashingiye ku kimenyetso kimwe cy’uko urumogi rwafatiwe mu nzu ye nyamara urwo rumugi rwarabonywe iwe mu isaka ryakozwe mu buryo bunyurayije n’amategeko ndetse ruha agaciro imvugo z’umutangabuhamya kandi zirimo gushidikanya ndetse rwirengagiza ko ibyo avuga yabonye ari bimwe byakozwe mu isaka ryakozwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, basaba ko iryo saka ryateshwa agaciro. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko kuba Nteziryayo Damien avuga ko iperereza ryakozwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko nta shingiro bifite kuko ryakozwe na Polisi kandi ko yemerewe gusaka kandi ikaba yararikoze yubahirije amategeko. Naho ku birebana no kuba yahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge kandi nta gikorwa cyo kubicuruza cyabayeho nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa kuko mu gika cya 14 n’icya 15 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwagaragaje neza mu buryo busobanutse aho rushingira ruhamya Nteziryayo Damien igikorwa cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge. [11] Hakurikijwe ibivugwa na buri ruhande, urukiko rurasanga hakwiye gusuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira: 1.Kumenya niba isaka ryakozwe, ibyo ryagaragaje n’inyandiko bijyanye byateshwa agaciro kubera ko byakozwe nta ruhushya rw’Ubushinjacyaha. 2.Kumenya niba Nteziryayo Damien yarahamijwe icyaha nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1.Kumenya niba isaka ryakozwe, ibyo ryagaragaje n’inyandiko bijyanye byateshwa agaciro kubera ko byakozwe nta ruhushya rw’Umushinjacyaha. [12] Nteziryayo Damien na Me Habakurama François Xavier umwunganira bavuga ko isaka ryakozwe rikwiye guteshwa agaciro kuko ryakozwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’ingingo ya 55, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha iteganya ko “Umugenzacyaha mu gihe asanga ibimenyetso akeneye bigizwe n’impapuro, inyandiko n’ibindi bintu bibitswe n’ukekwaho icyaha cyangwa se undi wese, ashobora kujya gusaka aho biherereye yitwaje uruhushya rwo gusaka ahabwa n’Ubushinjacyaha”. Basobanura ko mu isaka ryakorewe mu nzu ya Nteziryayo Damien iyo ngingo itubahirijwe kuko umupolisi warikoze (Gisagara) nta ruhushya rw’isaka yari afite, uretse kuvuga ko beretse umutangabuhamya ikarita y’akazi, ko kandi n’irengayobora rivugwa ko isaka rishobora gukorwa nta ruhushya iyo uregwa yafatiwe mu cyuho cyangwa asa n’ufatiwe mu cyuho atariryo ryakurikijwe kuri Nteziryayo Damien kuko atafatiwe mu cyuho cyangwa ngo abe asa n’uwagifatiwemo dore ko ku munsi w’isaka atari ahari, kandi ibyo byose bikaba bidashoboka ku muntu udahari. Basobanura kandi ko uretse no kuba nta ruhushya rwo gusaka rwatanzwe, isaka ryakozwe nta muyobozi n’umwe wo mu nzego z’ibanze wari uhari nk’uko biteganywa n’amategeko kuko nta muyobozi n’umwe w’aho iryo saka ryabereye ugaragara kuri PV de Constat yo ku wa 17/10/2020, ko kandi uretse no kuba nta muyobozi wari uhari, mu gika cya 1 cya PV de Constat igaragaza ko isaka ryakozwe Nteziryayo Damien adahari ariko ku musozo wayo

hakagaragazwa ko yasinye, kandi bidashoboka ko umuntu yasinya kandi igihe inyandiko yakorwaga atari ahari. [13] Nteziryayo Damien na Me Habakurama François Xavier umwunganira bavuga kandi ko Raporo y’ifatwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge yo ku wa 17/10/2020 igaragaza ko yakozwe hari ushinzwe umutekano mu mudugudu, ariko ikaba irimo inenge ikomeye itera gushidikanya kuko hamwe yerekana ko ushinzwe umutekano mu mudugudu yasinye yitwa Rebero Ariose, ahandi ushinzwe umutakano agasinya yitwa Ndayambaje Nicodeme kandi ari umudugudu umwe, ko ibyo bitera gushidikanya no kwibaza ukuntu umudugudu umwe ugira abashinzwe umutekana 2 icyarimwe umunsi umwe. Banavuga na none ko iyo raporo ifite inenge zindi zitandukanye zigaragaza ko itavugisha ukuri kuko itagaragaza igihe yakorewe kuko uwayanditse yanditse ko yakozwe ku wa 17/10/2020 kandi mu by’ukuri yashakaga kwandika 20/10/2020 kuko itariki isiribanze, igaragaza umuyobozi w’umudugudu nk’uwari uhari nyamara ntiyari ahari kuko bamusinyiye P.O kandi umuntu uhari bidashoboka ko asinyirwa P.O, ndetse ko ikigaragara ko iyo raporo igaragaza ko umukuru w’Isibo ariwe wari uhari, kuko yasinye ariko ko mu nzego z’ibanze ntaho itegeko riteganya Isibo nk’urwego rw’ibanze. [14] Mu gusoza, basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kubona ko uretse kuba Police yarakoze isaka nta ruhushya rw’isaka rutangwa n’Umushinjacyaha ifite, kandi ikaba itemerewe gukora isaka nta ruhushya kuko itabarigwa mu Bugenzacyaha b’umwuga (Career Investigators), ndetse n’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze bugomba kuba buri ahabera isaka bukaba butari buhari, ibyo bizabe ishingiro ryo kwemeza ko isaka ryakozwe riteshejwe agaciro no kwemeza ko n’ibimenyetso birikomokaho birimo urumogi ruvugwa bidakwiye gushingirwaho mu gushinja Nteziryayo Damien icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi kuko byabonetse kandi bigakoreshwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’ingingo ya 126 (1) (50 ) y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha iteganya ko Imanza z’inshinjabyaha zigomba gushingira ku bimenyetso byashatswe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, maze rwemeze ko isaka ritakurikije amategeko, bityo n’ikimenyetso cyarivuyemo rukemeza ko nta gaciro cyagira mu rwego rw’amategeko mpanabyaha, cyane ko inkomoko y’urwo rumogi itamenyekanye hashingiwe ko Nteziryayo Damien yavuye iwe ntarumogi ruri munzu ahubwo bikaba bishoboka ko rwinjijwe n’abinjiranye na Polisi mu nzu ku bw’inabi kugira ngo bamufungishe bitewe n’amakimbirane bari basanzwe bafitanye. [15] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko kuba Nteziryayo Damien n’umwunganira bavuga ko isaka rikwiye guteshwa agaciro kuko umupolisi yagiye gusaka nta ruhushya rwo gusaka afite, kuba isaka ryarakozwe nta Muyobozi wo mu Nzego z’ibanze uhari, kuba PV de Constat na Raporo y’ifatwa ry’urumogi yo ku wa 17/10/2020 bifite inenge, nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa kuko isaka ryakozwe kwa Nteziryayo Damien ritakozwe n’Umugenzacyaha mu rwego rw’ikurikiranacyaha ahubwo ryakozwe na Polisi mu rwego rw’umutekano. Akomeza asobanura ko ingingo ya 29 y’Itegeko No 46/2010 ryagengaga ububasha, inshingano, imitunganyirize n’imikorere bya Polisi y’u Rwanda ryakoreshwaga ubwo Nteziryayo Damien yasakwaga, ryahaga Umupolisi ububasha bwo gusaka umuntu wese n’ahantu hose iyo iryo saka rishobora kugira akamaro mu rwego rw'iperereza ku cyaha cyakozwe cyangwa cyenda gukorwa kandi nta rupapuro rw’isaka igihe yabiherewe uruhushya n'umukuriye ubifitiye ububasha, igihe hari impamvu zifatika zituma akeka ko icyaha kirimo kuhakorerwa cyangwa kigiye kuhakorerwa; hari ibimenyetso bifatika byerekana ko aho hantu hari ikintu cyakoreshejwe mu gukora icyaha cyangwa se gikenewe ku mpamvu z'iperereza; hari ibimenyetso bikomeye bigaragaza ko umuntu wakoze icyaha ari aho hantu kandi

agomba kumuhagarika. Ko rero kuba Ishami rya Polisi rishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge ryari rifite amakuru afatika ko mu nzu ya Nteziryayo Damien habitswe ibiyobyabwenge, bitasabaga kwitwaza uruhushya rutanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha kuko byakozwe hubahirijwe itegeko ryagengaga Polisi y’u Rwanda icyo gihe. [16] Ku birebana n’inyandiko mvugo y’isaka bavuga ko hagombaga kuba hari abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa kuko babivuga bashingiye ku itegeko ritariryo, kuba bashingira ku itegeko rigenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nyamara atariryo bakwiye gushiraho kuko isaka ryakozwe na Polisi ahubwo hakaba hakwiye kurebwa itegeko ryahaga Polisi ubwo bubasha bwo gusaka. [17] Ku bijyanye n’inenge zishingiye ku bikubiye mu nyandiko zitandukanye zirimo PV de Constat na Raporo y’ifatwa ry’urumogi, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko bidakwiye gusuzumwa kuri uru rwego kuko izo nenge uregwa n’umwunganira bavuga zitarebana n’isaka rinyuranyije n’amategeko bajuririye mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, ahubwo irebana n’agaciro ikimenyetso cyatanzwe gishobora guhabwa mu rwego rw’amategeko kandi agaciro k’inyandiko cyangwa inenge y’imyandikire y’inyandiko bitandukanye n’isaka rikurikije amategeko cyangwa ridakurikije amategeko kuko ari ikimenyetso cyigenga kitagamije kuzuza cyangwa gusobanura kurushaho impamvu yatanzwe mbere, ko rero kuba izo nenge ari ingingo nshya yatanzwe nyuma y’igihe cy’ubujurire, idakwiye kwakirwa ngo isuzumwe nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RCOMAA 00071/2017/SC rwaciwe ku wa 26 Ukwakira 2018 n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, haburana BRD Ltd na Mbuto n’undi. [18] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga kandi ko mu gihe urukiko rwazasuzuma izo nyandiko, rukwiye kubona ko inenge zivugwa muri izo nyandiko ari amakosa y’imyandikire atatesha agaciro ireme ry’ibyo izo nyandiko zigaragaza kandi ko Ubushinjacyaha bwiteguye kuba bwakora iperereza mu nyungu z’ubutabera kugira ngo ukuri kw’ibikubiye muri iyo nyandiko kurusheho kugaragara. [19] Mu gusoza, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibivugwa ko ibimenyetso byabonetse mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa kubera ko isaka ryakozwe kwa Nteziryayo Damien ryakurikije amategeko, bukaba busaba Urukiko gushingira ku rubanza no RPAA 00197/2022/CA rwaciwe n’urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ntezirizaza Shadadi, rwahaye agaciro isaka ryakozwe na Polisi y’Igihugu. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [20] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba isaka ryakozwe mu nzu ya Nteziryayo Damien, ibyo ryagaragaje hamwe n’inyandiko bijyanye bikwiye guteshwa agaciro kubera ko nta ruhushya Umupolisi warikoze yari yahawe n’Umushinjacyaha ubifitiye ububasha. [21] Ikibazo kirebana n’isaka ryakozwe nta ruhushya rwo gusaka rwatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, cyatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA 00241/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 30/11/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habanabakize Selaiman alias Addy. Muri urwo

rubanza, nyuma yo gusesengura ingingo ya 551, iya 602 n’iya 613 z’Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko, mu rwego rwo kurinda kutavogerwa k’umutungo bwite guteganywa n’Itegeko Nshinga4, uretse mu gihe ukekwaho icyaha afatiwe mu cyuho cyangwa asa n’uwagifatiwemo, nta saka rishobora gukorwa n’Umugenzacyaha mu gihe adafite urwandiko rwo gusaka cyangwa uruhushya rwo gusaka, yahawe n’Umushinjacyaha ubifitiye ububasha, kandi ko agomba kurugaragaza mbere yo gusaka, isaka rigakorerwa imbere y’ukekwaho icyaha, Ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze bw’aho icyo gikorwa kibera buhari. Ko mu gihe isaka ryakozwe ku buryo ritubahirije ibisabwa n’Umushingamategeko, ni ukuvuga ibyagaragajwe hejuru, iryo saka n’inyandiko-mvugo zose zakozwe nyuma zigomba guteshwa agaciro. Ko kandi mu gihe hari ibimenyetso byabonetse nyuma yo gukora isaka, uruhushya rwo gusaka rugomba kugaragazwa n’Ubushinjacyaha muri dosiye y’urubanza, bitaba ibyo isaka ryakozwe rigateshwa gaciro, kuko Umucamaza afite inshingano yo kugenzura ko isaka ryakozwe hakurikijwe amategeko, ndetse afite n’inshingano yo kurengera uburenganzira bw’ukekwaho icyaha bwo kwiregura5. [22] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko ku wa 17/10/2020, Abapolisi bakorera mu Ishami rya Police rishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge bahawe amakuru ko Nteziryayo Damien acuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi bajya iwe kumusaka, nta ruhushya bahawe n’Umushinjacyaha ubifitiye ububasha, bagezeyo basanga Nteziryayo Damien ntawuhari, bica urugi binjira mu nzu, bageze mu nzu, basanga udupfunyika 81 tw’urumogi hagati ya matelas ebyiri zari muri iyo nzu. [23] Nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 15 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko rwahaye agaciro isaka ryakozwe kwa Nteziryayo Damien rushingiye ku kuba hari umutangabuhamya Dusabimana Justine wari uhari urumogi rukurwa mu nzu ye, akaba yarasobanuye uko abashinzwe umutekano baje bakamwereka ikarita y’akazi, hari n’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze, Nteziryayo Damien adahari kandi bafite amakuru ko harimo urumogi, bafata icyemezo cyo kwica urugi binjiramo ari 2Iteganya ko “Umugenzacyaha mu gihe asanga ibimenyetso akeneye bigizwe n’impapuro, inyandiko n’ibindi bintu bibitswe n’ukekwaho icyaha cyangwa se undi wese, ashobora kujya gusaka aho biherereye yitwaje uruhushya rwo gusaka ahabwa n’Ubushinjacyaha’’. Igika cya kane (4) cy’iyo ingingo giteganya ko ‘’ Icyakora, iyo ukekwaho icyaha afatiwe mu cyuho cyangwa asa n’uwagifatiwemo, ibijyanye no kwitwaza uruhushya rw’isaka ku mugenzacyaha cyangwa kubahiriza amasaha y’isaka bishobora kutubahirizwa. Buri gihe isaka rikorwa hari abahagarariye ubuyobozi kw’inzego z’ibanze bw’aho icyo gikorwa kibera”. 3Iteganya ko “Umushinjacyaha cyangwa Umugenzacyaha wahawe ububasha bwo gusaka no kujya ahashobora kuboneka ibimenyetso, agomba kwerekana ikarita y’akazi igifite agaciro n’urupapuro rumuha uburenganzira bwo gukora iyo mirimo rushyizweho umukono n’umuyobozi ubifitiye ububasha. Kopi y’urwo rwandiko ihabwa ukekwaho icyaha iyo ahari na nyir’ahantu hagomba gusakwa”. 4Iteganya ko “Urwandiko rwo gusaka ni icyemezo gitangwa n’Ubushinjacyaha bitangiwe uruhushya n’aba bakuriira: 1° Umushinjacyaha Mukuru, 2° Umushinjacyaha Mukuru rwa Gisirikare ku bireba abasirikare n’uwo bafatanyije icyaha, 3° Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu, 4°Umushinjacyaha uyobora Ubushinjacyaha ku rwego Rwisumbuye, 5° Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Ibanze. (….)”. 5 Ingingo ya 34, igika cya kabiri (2) y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015 iteganya ko “Umutungo bwite, uw‟umuntu ku giti cye cyangwa uwo asangiye n‟abandi ntuvogerwa”. 6 Reba igika cya 63 cy’urwo rubanza

abantu 8, urumogi barusanga mu ngofero y’ubudodo ifite amabara ameze nk’aya uniforme ya gisirikare iri hagati ya matelas ebyiri zishaje akaba kandi atagaragaza icyo ashingiraho avuga ko barumwitirira. Rushingiye kuri iryo sesengura, rwemeje ko Nteziryayo Damien ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi nk’uko n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwari rwabibonye, ariko hitawe ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe bizwi mu butabera, kuba yarafatanwe ingano nto y’urumgi, bimubera yamubera impamvu ituma agabanyirizwa igihano, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 16 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000 Frw. [24] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, uretse gusa mu gihe ukekwaho icyaha afatiwe mu cyuho cyangwa asa n’uwagifatiwemo, nta saka rishobora gukorwa n’Umugenzacyaha mu gihe adafite urwandiko rwo gusaka cyangwa uruhushya rwo gusaka yahawe n’Umushinjacyaha ubifitiye ububasha, ko ndetse iyo rikozwe binyuranije n’amategeko rigomba guteshwa agaciro hamwe n’inyandiko-mvugo zose zakozwe nyuma. Kuba rero Nteziryayo Damien, utari uri iwe aho urwo rumogi rwafatiwe, yarasatswe n’umupolisi utari ufite uruhushya rwatanzwe n’Umushinjacyaha ubifitiye ububasha kandi nyamara atarafatiwe mu cyuho cyangwa ngo ase n’ugifatiwemo, bivuze ko iryo saka ryarakozwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. [25] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kuba Ubushinjacyaha bwifashisha urubanza RPAA 00197/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ntezirizaza Shadadi rwahaye agaciro isaka ryakozwe na Polisi y’Igihugu nta shingiro bifite, kuko muri urwo rubanza ahubwo, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye neza ko Umugenzacyaha adasabwa uruhushya rwo gusaka cyangwa kubahiriza amasaha yabigenewe, iyo asaka umuntu ukekwaho icyaha wafatiwe mu cyuho cyangwa igisa na cyo6, bikaba atariko bimeze kuri Nteziryayo Damien. [26] Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurasanga kandi ibivugwa n’Ubushinjacyaha ko isakwa ryakorewe kwa Nteziryayo Damien ryakozwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 297 y’Itegeko N 46/2010 ryagengaga ububasha, inshingano, imitunganyirize n’imikorere bya Polisi y’u Rwanda ryakoreshwaga ubwo Nteziryayo Damien yasakwaga, bityo ko umupolisi wamukoreye isaka atasabwaga kugaragaza uruhushya rwatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga iyi miburanire nayo nta shingiro yahabwa. Koko rero, mu ngingo ya 289 y’iryo tegeko, hateganywaga ko isaka rikorwa na Police yitwaje urupapuro rw’isaka rwatanzwe n’Umushinjacyaha ubifitiye ububasha naho ingingo ya 29 ikagaragaza ko isaka rishobora gukorwa nta rupapuro rw’isaka iyo hari impamvu zifatika zituma hakekwa ko icyaha kirimo kuhakorerwa cyangwa kigiye kuhakorerwa; iyo hari ibimenyetso bifatika byerekana ko aho hantu hari ikintu cyakoreshejwe mu gukora icyaha 7 Reba igika cya 19 cy’urubanza RPAA 00197/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ntezirizaza Shadadi. 8 Yateganyaga ko “Umupolisi n'umukuriye wese wabiherewe ubifitiye ububasha, uruhushya ashobora atagombye kwitwaza urupapuro rubimuhera ububasha, kwinjira ahantu hose n’igihe cyose iyo hari : 1. impamvu zifatika zituma akeka ko icyaha kirimo kuhakorerwa cyangwa kigiye kuhakorerwa; 2. ibimenyetso bifatika byerekana ko aho hantu hari ikintu cyakoreshejwe mu gukora icyaha cyangwa se gikenewe ku mpamvu z'iperereza; 3. ibimenyetso bikomeye bigaragaza ko umuntu wakoze icyaha ari aho hantu kandi agomba kumuhagarika. Uwatanze uburenganzira bwo gusaka nta rupapuro rw’isaka, aha raporo mu nyandiko umukuriye akimara kubona inyandikomvugo y’isaka. Iyo raporo igomba kugaragaza impamvu iryo saka ryakozwe nta rupapuro rw’isaka”. 9 Yateganyaga ko “Umupolisi ashobora gusaka umuntu wese n’ahantu hose iyo iryo saka rishobora kugira akamaro mu

cyangwa se gikenewe ku mpamvu z'iperereza cyangwa hari ibimenyetso bikomeye bigaragaza ko umuntu wakoze icyaha ari aho hantu kandi agomba kumuhagarika. Uru rukiko rusanga nyamara uretse no kuba Ubushinjacyaha butabasha kugaragaza ko hari impamvu yari gutuma Polisi ijya gusaka kwa Nteziryayo Damien nta ruhushya rutanzwe n’Umushinjacyaha ubifitiye ububasha nk’uko byateganywaga n’ingingo ya 28, ntibunagaragaza ko hari raporo yaba yarakozwe igaragaza impamvu iryo saka ryakozwe itabanje gutegereza kubona uruhushya rw’isaka rutanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha nk’uko byateganywaga mu ngingo ya 29 y’Itegeko ryagengaga Police ubwo Nteziryayo Damien yakorerwaga isakwa. [27] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, kuba inzu ya Nteziryayo Damien yarasatswe n’umupolisi kandi nta ruhushya rw’Ubushinjacyaha yari afite, rugaragara muri dosiye ndetse hakaba nta na raporo mu nyandiko igaragaza impamvu iryo saka ryakozwe nta ruhushya rw’Ubushinjacyaha, umupolisi wakoze isaka yakoreye umukuriye akimara kubona inyandikomvugo y’isaka, bivuze ko iryo saka ryakozwe mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, rikaba rigomba guteshwa agaciro ndetse n’inyandiko-mvugo zose zakozwe zishingiye ku byagaragaye igihe cy’isaka, zikaba nta gaciro zahabwa. [28] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga mu guhamya Nteziryayo Damien icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, Urukiko Rukuru, rutari gushingira ku nyandikomvugo zavuzwe haruguru kubera ko nta gaciro zifite. Rurasanga rero atari ngombwa kwirirwa rusubiza ku kindi kibazo cyo kumenya niba Nteziryayo Damien yarahamijwe icyaha nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bigaragajwe, ku bw’ibyo ingingo y’ubujurire bwe ikaba ifite ishingiro, urubanza rwajuririwe rukaba rugomba guhinduka mu ngingo zarwo zose. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [29] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nteziryayo Damien bufite ishingiro; [30] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 01678/2021/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 12/02/2024 ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose; [31] Rwemeje ko Nteziryayo Damien adahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi yari akurikiranweho; [32] Rutegetse ko Nteziryayo Damien agomba guhita arekurwa urubanza rukimara gusomwa.