UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NTIRANDEKURA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NTIRANDEKURA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-12 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00099/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NTIRANDEKURA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00099/2023/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 12 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ntirandekura yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bwo mu bwoko bw’Urumogi nyuma yaho afatanywe agafuka karimo ikilo cy’Urumogi yari avanye muri Congo (RDC), bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu busaba ko ahamwa n’icyaha agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Ntirandekura ahamwa n’icyaha rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000Frw ndetse rutegeka ko urumogi rwafatiriwe rutwikwa. Ntirandekura yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze avuga ko ashaka kuvugisha ukuri, akaba yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Musanze rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yakoze icyaha akiva mu bwana, akaba kandi yaragaragaje ukwicuza no gusaba imbabazi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. Ntirandekura yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yajurijwe no gutakambira Urukiko arusaba imbabazi kugira ngo rwongere rumugabanyirize ibihano bihagije. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Ntirandekura zifite ishingiro gusa ku bijyanye no kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’ihazabu kugera ku mafaranga 5.000.000, naho igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 kikagumaho kuko ari cyo gito gishoboka cyateganirijwe icyaha yakoze kandi yahamijwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ihindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’igihano cy’ihazabu yahanishijwe.

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Nta mategeko yashingiweho

Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 00060/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. RPAA 00424/2022/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/09/2024. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 09/09/2019, abashinzwe umutekano bafatanye Ntirandekura Adrien agafuka karimo ikilo (1kg) cy’urumogi aruvanye mu Gihugu cya Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo. Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko icyo cyaha yahanishwa igifungo cya Burundu. [2] Ntirandekura Adrien yaburanye yemera ko yafatanywe urumogi ariko ko atari azi ko ari rwo ruri mu gafuka yahawe na Niyonzima Eric, ko uyu yamuhaye agafuka amubwira ko karimo inkweto, amusaba kukamwambukiriza. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00532/2019/TGI/RBV rwaciwe ku wa 31/12/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Ntirandekura Adrien imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha, ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja no ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira yashyizeho umukono yemeza ko afatanwe urumogi, rwemeje ko Ntirandekura Adrien ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000Frw, rutegeka ko urumogi rwafatiriwe rutwikwa. [4] Ntirandekura Adrien yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, avuga ko ashaka kuvugisha ukuri, akaba yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Ubushinjacyaha mu gusubiza kuri iyi ngingo nabwo bwemera ko yagabanyirizwa kubera ko yakoze icyaha aribwo akiva mu myaka y’ubwana, busaba ko yahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. [5] Mu rubanza RPA 00035/2021/HC/MUS rwaciwe ku wa 20/12/2022, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, nyuma yo gusesengura impamvu z’ubujurire za Ntirandekura Adrien, rwasanze akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yakoze icyaha akiva mu bwana, akaba kandi yaragaragaje ukwicuza no gusaba imbabazi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. [6] Ntirandekura Adrien yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri RPAA 00099/2023/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 3/12/2024 Ntirandekura Adrien yunganiwe na Me Badiga Mbonimpa Oscar naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu.

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[7] Mu mwanzuro we w’ubujurire, Ntirandekura Adrien avuga ko yajurijwe no gutakambira Urukiko arusaba imbabazi kugira ngo rwongere rumugabanyirize ibihano bihagije. [8] Me Badiga Mbonimpa Oscar umwunganira, avuga ko hashingiwe ku ngano nto y’ibiyobyabwenge Ntirandekura Adrien yafatanwe ndetse no ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka irindwi n’igice. [9] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije kuri iyi ngingo buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Ntirandekura Adrien zifite ishingiro gusa ku bijyanye no kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’ihazabu kugera ku mafaranga 5.000.000, naho igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 kikagumaho kuko ari cyo gito gishoboka cyateganirijwe icyaha Ntirandekura yakoze kandi yahamijwe. [10] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasuzuma ubusabe bwa Ntirandekura Adrien bwo kugabanyirizwa igihano. II. ISESENGURWA RY’ URUBANZA Kumenya niba Ntirandekura Adrien yakwongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. [11] Ntirandekura Adrien yunganiwe na Me Badiga Mbonimpa Oscar yajuriye asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’ imyaka irindwi n’igice hashingiwe ku kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha, kuba yarafatanwe ingano nto y’urumogi no kuba yarakoze icyaha afite imyaka 18, aribwo yari akiva mu kiciro cy’abana. Me Badiga Mbonimpa Oscar avuga ko, nubwo yemera ko uwo yunganira yagabanyirijwe igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15, nyamara ko nta cyabuza ko agabanyirizwa kugeza munsi y’iki gihano, hashingiwe ku mirongo itandukanye yatanzwe n’uru Rukiko harimo n’urubanza RPAA 00246/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/10/2023 aho Abacu Ismaël nawe wakoze icyaha afite imyaka 18 yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 6 n’ihazabu ya 2.000.000Frw bityo ko aricyo gihano cyagenerwa Ntirandekura Adrien mu rwego rwo kureshyehsya ababuranyi imbere y’amategeko. Akomeza avuga ko, nubwo iyo mirongo yashyizweho mu gihe hakurikizwaga ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko no 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, kuri ubu yahinduwe, nyamara ko impamvu zatumye Urukiko rutekereza kugabanyiriza ibihano abakiva mu bwana, n’uyu munsi zigifite ishingiro, izo mpamvu zikaba aruko imihanire yabo ikwiye kwiharira kandi bagahabwa amahirwe yo gusubira mu buzima busanzwe hakiri kare. [12] Ubushinjacyaha bwireguye buvuga ko igabanyagihano Ntirandekura Adrien asaba yamaze kurihabwa n’Urukiko Rukuru ku birebana n’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 yahanishijwe ku cyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, ko Urukiko rudashobora gushingira ku murongo washingiye ku ngingo y’amategeko yamaze guhindurwa, ko mu gihe haba hari impamvu zatuma imihanire ijya munsi y’igihano cyategetswe ku buryo bunyuranye n’ubwateganyijwe mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ubifitemo inyungi yaregera Urukiko rufite ububasha bwo gusobanura amategeko. Ubushinjacyaha busaba ko ushinjwa yagabanyirizwa igihano cy’ihazabu kugeza ku mafaranga 5.000.000 hakurikijwe ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryavuzwe mu gace ka ( d).

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Ikibazo kiri muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba Ntirandekura Adrien yagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko, hashingiwe ku manza zaciwe mbere yuko ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [14] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba mu kugabanya igihano ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, Urukiko rushobora gushingira ku mirongo y’imanza zaciwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo yahinduwe n’iya 2 y’Itegeko N˚ 059/2023, uru Rukiko rwabifasheho umwanzuro mu rubanza RPAA 00367 rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Reponse aho mu gika cyarwo cya 18 rwemeje ko imirongo y’imanza zaciwe hashingiwe ku Itegeko cyangwa ingingo z’amategeko byavuyeho, idashobora gukurikizwa. Uru Rukiko rwafashe uyu murongo rwishingikirije ku rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul. [15] Urukiko rurasanga, rudashobora guhanisha Ntirandekura ibihano byagenewe Abacu Ismaël kabone nubwo bakoze icyaha bari mu kigero kimwe cy’imyaka y’amavuko, kubera ko uyu yagabanyirijwe ibihano hakurikijwe ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryavuzwe, iyi ngingo ikaba yarahinduwe n’iya 2 y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, aho mu gace ka (a) ivuga ko, mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, uwagombaga guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, naho mu gace ka (d), ikavuga ko ihazabu ishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ cy’ihazabu ntoya iteganyirizwa igihano cyahamye umuburanyi. Rurasanga, umuntu wese wasanga hari ubundi buryo iyi ngingo y’Itegeko yakumvikana ku bijyanye n’igabanyagihano, yabiregera Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha. [16] Ikibazo cyo kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu y’ubujurire, cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange1, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano2. [17] Ku birebana na Ntirandekura Adrien, bigaragara ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rushingiye ku mvugo ya Ntirandekura Adrien mu bugenzacyaha yemera icyaha akanagisabira

1 Ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu iteganya ko “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye 2 Urubanza N° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, NSABIMANA Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, igika cya 252-254.

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imbabazi no ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja, rwemeje ko Ntirandekura Adrien ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000Frw, ajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Musanze, uru ruha agaciro impamvu yo kuba ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha ku buryo buzwi kandi akaba yaragikoze aribwo akiva mu myaka y’ubwana, bityo rumugabanyiriza igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans) n’ ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. [18] Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa rikenewe gukosorwa mu rubanza RPA 00035/2021/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, ku wa 20/12/2022 kuko gifungo cy’imyaka 15 Ntirandekura Adrien yahanishijwe aricyo gihano gito gishoboka ateganyirizwa n’amategeko nk’uko byasobanuwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, bityo imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa ikaba igomba kugumaho ku bijyanye n’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. [19] Ku birebana n’igihano cy’ihazabu, Urukiko rurasanga, hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2, agace ka ( d), y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwamugabanyiriza igihano cy’ihazabu yari yahanishijwe kingana na 20.000.000 Frw, maze agahanishwa ihazabu ingana na miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw), iki kikaba aricyo gihano cyagenwe mu rubanza RPAA 00424/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim, urubanza rufitanye isano n’uru ku bijyanye n’imikorere y’icyaha.3 [20] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Ntirandekura Adrien yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko ashobora guhabwa mu gihe agabanyirijwe, bityo uru Rukiko rukaba rudashobora kukijya munsi. Rurasanga ariko rwamugabanyiriza ihazabu, ikava kuri miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 frw Frw) yari yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ikaba miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00035/2021/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, ku wa 20/12/2022, ihindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’igihano cy’ihazabu gusa Ntirandekura Adrien yahanishijwe. [22] Rwemeje ko Ntirandekura Adrien ahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000frw) kubw’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kimuhama. [23] Rutegetse ko Ntirandekura Adrien asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.

3 reba urubanza RPAA 00424/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/09/2024 haburana ubushinjacyaha na NGIRUWONSANGA Ibrahim , igika cya 23.