UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NTIRENGANYA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NTIRENGANYA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-05-29 - Case/document no.: RPAA00064/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NTIRENGANYA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA00064/2024/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 29 Gicurasi 2025] Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso – Ubuhamya – Agaciro k’ubuhamya – Urukiko ni rwo rusuzuma ireme ry'ubuhamya rushingiye ku bumenyi bw'ababutanga n'uburyo basobanura ibyo biboneye cyangwa bumvise, rukabigereranya n'ibindi bimenyetso. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ntirenganya n’umuhungu we Rukundo bafashwe bakekwaho gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bikomeye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, aho bafatanywe udupfunyika ibihumbi bibiri na mirongo irindwi na tubiri (2072), bari bashyize mu tujerekani tugaragara nk’aho turimo amata. Bashyikirijwe Ubushinjacyaha, nyuma y’iperereza, bubarega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu busaba ko bahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bagahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwemeje ko Ntirenganya ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, rushingiye ku bimenyetso bitandukanye birimo kuba ariwe wavuganye n’umuguzi bakumvikana ku giciro n’ingano y’urumogi amuzanira, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya, mu gihe Rukundo yagizwe umwere. Iki cyemezo ntirenganya yakijuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Musanze, avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze bishingiye ku buhamya bw’abantu bafitanye amakimbirane. Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze nta nenge iri mu buhamya bushinja Uregwa, ndetse n’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanywe ari ibye, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20 no gutanga ihazabu ya 10.000.000Frw, igihano gito ku cyo yari yahawe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, ngo kuko ari ubwa mbere yari agikoze n’ubwo yaburanye ahakana icyaha ashinjwa. Uregwa yongeye ajurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire anenga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge rushingiye ku bimenyetso bigenekereje bishingiye ku buhamya bushidukanywaho bwatanzwe n’abo basanzwe bafitanye amakimbirane. Yasabye ko hahamagazwa abatangabuhamya bamushinjura barimo n’umuhungu we waje bagahuza imvugo yo guhakana ko icyo cyaha atagikoze. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubujurire bw’Uregwa nta shingiro bwahabwa, kuko nta gushidikanya, kuvuguruzanya cyangwa kugenekereza kuri mu bimenyetso byashingiweho ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge. Buvuga kandi ko imvugo y’umuhungu we Rukundo nta shingiro yahabwa kuko nawe yabaye ushinjwa muri iyi dosiye uretse ko yagizwe umwere ku rwego rwa mbere kandi ko nawe adahakana ko yafatanywe urumogi, bityo imvugo ye yo gushinjura umubyeyi we ikaba nta kuri kuyirimo. Incamake y’icyemezo: Urukiko ni rwo rusuzuma ireme ry'ubuhamya rushingiye ku bumenyi bw'ababutanga n’uburyo basobanura ibyo biboneye cyangwa bumvise, rukabigereranya n'ibindi bimenyetso. Bityo, Urukiko Rukuru rwsesenguye bihagije ibimenyetso bishingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya ndetse n’ibigize icyaha byafatiriwe, rwemeza ko Ntirenganya Ratifa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso, ingingo ya 53. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA0118/11/CS, Ubushinjacyaha na Ngurinzira rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/11/2015.

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Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 09/01/2023, Ntirenganya Ratifa n’umuhungu we witwa Rukundo Issa, bari mu Mudugudu wa Kageli, Akagari ka Kora, Umurenge wa Bigogwe, Akarere ka Nyabihu, bafashwe bakekwaho kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge aho bivugwa ko bafatanywe udupfunyika ibihumbi bibiri na mirongo irindwi na tubiri (2,072 boules) tw’urumogi, barushyize mu tujerekani tugaragara nk’aho turimo amata, bikavugwa kandi ko bafashwe ku makuru yatanzwe n’abaturage harimo uwiyise umuguzi kubw’ umvikane n’inzego z’umutekano. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwabaregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu bubakurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko bahanishwa igifungo cya Burundu n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). Ntirenganya Ratifa na Rukundo Issa baburanye bahakana icyaha, bavuga ko utujerekani twafashwe ari utw’abagore bahaye Rukundo akazi ko kubatwaza ku 500Frw ariko atazi ikirimo, naho Ntirenganya akaba yarafashwe aje gutabara Rukundo wakubiswe azira ibiyobyabwenge bivugwa muri iyi dosiye. [3] Mu rubanza RP/MIN00005/2023/TGI/RBV rwaciwe kuwa 22/05/2023, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rushingiye ku kuba Ntirenganya Ratifa yarabanje kuvugana n’umuguzi w’urumogi, bakemeranywa ku giciro n’umubare w’urumogi rugurishwa, kandi anategura uburyo urwo rumogi rutwarwamo (utujerikani tw’umeru tugaragara nk’udutwawemo amata), rushingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja no ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’urumogi, rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri(20ans) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri(20,000,000Frw) naho Rukundo Issa rumugira umwere. [4] Ntirenganya Ratifa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze bishingiye ku buhamya bw’abantu bafitanye amakimbirane, ko urumogi ashinjwa ntarwo yigeze afatanwa, ko kandi kuba umugabo we afungiwe ibiyobyabwenge bidakwiye kuba ikimenyetso kimushinja kuko batigeze bafatanya. [5] Mu rubanza RPA/MIN00021/2023/HC/MUS rwaciwe kuwa 08/01/202, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze nta nenge iboneka mu buhamya bushinja Ntirenganya Ratifa1, kandi ko n’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe ari ibye kuko uwiyise umuguzi yari yatanze amakuru mu nzego z’umutekano ndetse akabanza gusura Ntirenganya mbere yo kubigura no kumvikana aho bazahurira ari naho yafatiwe. Rwasanze, nubwo Ntirenganya ahakana icyaha, ntacyabuza ko agabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’inkiko ku buryo buzwi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20 no gutanga ihazabu ya 10.000.000Frw. [6] Ntirenganya Ratifa yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri RPAA00064/2024/CA ruburanishwa mu ruhame kuwa 6/5/2025 yunganiwe na Me Seburikoko Jérémie naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Butera Oscar, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Ntirenganya Ratifa yunganiwe na Me Jérémie Seburikoko yajuririye Urukiko rw’ubujurire anenga Urukiko Rukuru ko rwamuhamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge rushingiye ku bimenyetso bigenekereje bishingiye ku buhamya bushidukanywaho bwatanzwe n’abo basanzwe bafitanye amakimbirane. Yasabye ko bamwe mu batangabuhamya bahamagazwa, mu bahamagawe hitabye umwana we Rukundo Issa, wagizwe umwere ku rwego rwa mbere, uyu akaba ahuza imvugo n’umubyeyi we ko nta biyobyabwenge bigeze bacuruza.

1 Ubuhamya bwa Ndushabandi Jean Damascene, Niragire Beatrice na Uwubahimana Charlotte.

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[8] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Ntirenganya nta shingiro bwahabwa kuko nta gushidikanya, kuvuguruzanya cyangwa kugenekereza kuri mu bimenyetso byashingiweho ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobtabwenge, ko kandi imvugo ya Rukundo nta shingiro yahabwa kuko uyu nawe yari umwe mu bashinjwa, akaba adashobora gushinja umubyeyi we. [9] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasuzuma niba Ntirenganya Ratifa yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge nta bimenyetso simusiga bishingiweho. II. ISESENGURA RY’ URUBANZA Kumenya niba Ntirenganya Ratifa yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi nta bimenyetso simusiga bishingiweho [10] Ntirenganya Ratifa yajuriye anenga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha atakoze rushingiye ku buhamya bw’abantu bamushinja ibinyoma kubera amakimbirane bafitanye. Mu gusobanura iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire yagarutse ku bisobanuro yatanze mu nkiko zombi zibanza avuga ko yari kumwe n’umwana we Rukundo Issa mu murima bashaka ubwatsi bw’inka hanyuma uwitwa Niragire Béatrice abwira Rukundo ko hari abantu bifuza ko abafasha udutwaro bafite kugera ku Ikora bakamuhemba 500Frw. Akomeza avuga ko mu mwanya muto haje umugore wamubwiye ko abonye bari gukubita Rukundo bituma yiruka atabara umwana we, ahageze ngo nibwo bamufashe bamwitirira utujerekani bafatanye Rukundo bivugwa ko twarimo urumogi. Akomeza avuga ko ashinjwa ko yashyize umukono ku nyandiko y’ifatira ry’urumogi nyamara ngo n’inyandiko yashyikirijwe aho yari afungiwe kuri polisi, akaba yarayishyizeho umukono abwirwa ko ari iyo kumushakira umwunganizi. [11] Ntiringanya Ratifa avuga ko inzego z’ibanze zakoze raporo imubeshyera kubera impaka yagiranye nabo bigakemurwa n’Akarere, ko Niragire yigeze amwibira ibitenge yacuruzaga bigatuma bagirana amakimbirane. [12] Ntirenganya yasabye ko abatangabuhamya Uwamahoro Jeannette, Nyiramahirwe Julienne, Manizabayo Odette na Rukundo Issa bazanwa imbere y’uru Rukiko kugira ngo bamushinjure, muri bo uwabonetse akaba ari umuhunguwe Rukundo Issa wagizwe umwere ku rwego rwa mbere, uyu nawe akaba yarasubiye mu mvugo umubyeyi we yaburanishije uretse ku kuba avuga ko mu gihe bari bagiye gushaka ubwatsi, Ntirenganya yamusize bataragera mu murima aribwo abagore 3 barimo Niragire Beatrice bamuhaye akazi ko kujyana agatwaro ku iKora ku gihembo cya 500Frw, ngo agenda yihishe umubyeyi we bageze nzira ngo nibwo yafashwe ashinjwa gutwara ibiyobyabwenge nyamara we atazi ibiri mu kajerekani yahawe gutwara, ko umubyeyi we yaje atabaye nawe agafatwa bivugwa ko urumogi rufashwe ari urwe nyamara ntaho ahuriye narwo. [13] Ntirenganya Ratifa yabajijwe uburyo umuntu waje kumutabaza yamenye ko ari mu murima kandi ko ari umubyeyi wa Rukundo asubiza ko umurima yashakagamo ubwatsi uri hafi y’aho Rukundo yafatiwe kandi ko uwaje kumutabaza yari azi neza Rukundo. [14] Ubushinja bwasubije kuri iyi ngingo buvuga ko Ntirenganya Ratifa agarutse ku miburanire ye mu nkiko z’ibanze igamije guhakana icyaha yahamijwe hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bifataika. Buvuga ko uwitwa Uwubahimana Charlotte yigize umuguzi w’urumogi akumvikana na Ntirenganya wamuhaye udupfunyika 2072 kandi akemera kurumutwaza avuga ko agiye kumwishyura kugeza amugejeje aho abapolisi bari baherereye aribwo uyu yahise afatwa, ko umutangabuhamya Ndushabandi Jean Damascene nawe ahamya ko yiboneye Ntirenganya afatwa afite akajerekani ndetse agashaka kurwanya umupolisi wamufashe, kimwe na Niragire nawe wamubonye afatwa kandi uyu akaba yari yamubonanye na Uwubahimana ku wa 08/01/2023 no ku wa 09/01/2023 aje kugura urumogi, bityo ko ubuhamya bwabo nta nenge bufite.

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[15] Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko imvugo ya Rukundo itagize ubuhamya kuko, uretse no kuba ari umwana wa Ntirenganya Ratifa, uyu nawe yabaye ushinjwa muri iyi dosiye uretse ko yagizwe umwere ku rwego rwa mbere kandi ko nawe adahakana ko yafatanywe urumogi bityo imvugo ye yo gushinjura umubyeyi we ikaba nta kuri kuyirimo. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Ingingo ya 53 y’Itegeko Nº 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso igira iti: urwego rufite ububasha rusuzuma ukwemerwa cyangwa ukutemerwa n’agaciro by’ikimenyetso gishingiye ku buhamya. Ntirwita ku mubare w’abatangabuhamya, ahubwo rwita cyane ku bumenyi bw’ibyabaye no ku budakemwa bw’ubuhamya batanga. [17] Mu rubanza RPAA0118/11/CS rwaciwe ku wa 13/11/2015 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngurinzira, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko urukiko arirwo rusuzuma ireme ry'ubuhamya rushingiye ku bumenyi bw'ababutanga n'uburyo basobanura ibyo biboneye cyangwa bumvise, rukabigereranya n'ibindi bimenyetso. [18] Ubujurire bwa Ntirenganya Ratifa bushingiye ku kuba ahakana ibimenyetso bishingiye ku buhamya byatumye ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge, iyi ngingo akaba ariyo yaburanishije ku rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri, uru Rukiko rukaba rusuzuma niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze ikosa mu isesengura rwakoreye ubuhamya bwatanzwe kuri Ntirenganya Ratifa. [19] Urukiko Rukuru mu gika cya 13 n’icya 14 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, rwasesenguye ubuhamya bwa Niragire Beatrice, umuturanyi wa Ntirenganya Ratifa, ubwa Ndushabandi Jean Damascene wahuriye mu nzira na Ntirenganya ndetse akabona abapolisi bamufata bagasanga atwaye urumogi n’ubwa Uwubahimana Charlotte wiyise umuguzi w’urumogi, rusanga ubuhamya bwabo bwuzuzanya kandi buhuje n’ukuri kw’ibyabaye. [20] Urukiko rurasanga Uwubahimana Charlotte mu buhamya bwe, asobanura uko yaje kubonana na Ntirenganya Ratifa ku wa 08/01/2023 bakumvikana ku ngano y’urumogi n’igiciro cyarwo ndetse ko azarumuha ku wa 09/01/2023, uku kubonana bikaba byemezwa na Niragire Beatrice ucumbitse mu gipangu cya Ntirenganya. Imvugo ya Uwubahimana igaruka ku ngano y’urumogi, igiciro cyarwo, uburyo rwapakiwe mu tujerekani, inzira banyuzemo bajya kureba uwiyise umugabo we wari wasigaye hirya ari kuri moto. Rurasanga inzira banyuzemo (yo ku kiriziya) yagarutsweho na Niragire naho Ntiranganya nawe yemera ko aho Rukundo yafatiwe ari hafi yo ku kiriziya. Kuba abamufashe bari kuri moto bigarukwaho na Ndushabandi Jean Damascene wasobanuye ko yahuye na Ntirenganya n’umuhungu we Rukundo akabasubuhuza mu kanya agahita abona abantu 2 bari kuri moto bahise bafata Ntirenganya, uyu agerageje kurwanya umufashe na nyuma yo kubona ko ari umupolisi, NdushabandI yamugiriye inama yo kutarwanya inzego z’umutekano. [21] Ku birebana n’ingingo Ntirenganya aburanisha yo kuba yarafashwe aje gutabara Rukundo wakubitwaga, Urukiko rurasanga yuzuye ugushidikanya kuko ubwe avuga ko Niragire yasanze Rukundo ari kumwe na Ntirenganya mu murima bashaka ubwatsi bw’inka nyamara mu mvugo ze Rukundo yabwiye Urukiko ko abagore bamuhaye akazi ataragera mu murima, bituma agenda yihisha ngo umubyeyi we atamenya ko yagiye mu kandi kazi. Ikindi gituma Urukiko rubona iyi miburanire nta kuri kurimo nuko Ntirenganya ubwe avuga ko Rukundo yafashwe agiye kugera ku iKora nyamara agahamya ko umuntu yaje amutabaza aho yari mu murima, ntasobanure uwo wamutabaje n’uburyo ki yamenye ko ari mu murima; iyi ikaba iboneka nk’imyeregurire ya Ntirenganya idafite aho ihuriye n’ukuri kw’ibyabaye. [22] Urukiko rurasanga n’imvugo ya Rukundo Issa nta cyo yungura Urukiko uretse gusubira mu miburanire y’umubyeyi we Ntirenganya Ratifa yaburanishije kuva mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye ubwo bombi bashinjwaga muri dosiye imwe.

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[23] Urukiko rurasanga ubushishozi bw’Urukiko Rukuru bwarakoreshejwe neza kandi rukaba rwarasesenguye bihagije ibimenyetso bishingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya ndetse n’ibigize icyaha byafatiriwe, imitekerereze y’Urukiko ikaba ihuje n’ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 53 y’Itegeko Nᵒ 62/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso iteganya ko urwego rufite ububasha rusuzuma ukwemerwa cyangwa ukutemerwa n’agaciro by’ikimenyetso gishingiye ku buhamya. [24] Urukiko rurasanga kandi, nubwo Ntirenganya Ratifa yaburanye ahakana icyaha cyabonewe ibimenyetso ndetse agahamwa no kugurisha ingano nini y’ibiyobyabwenge, nyamara kandi mu kugena ibihano, Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhanishije ibihano bito (igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 10.000.000) rubishingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere ahamijwe icyaha n’inkiko. Rurasanga iki gihano kidashobora kugabanywa ukundi, urubanza RPA/MIN00021/2023/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 08/01/202, rukaba rugumanye agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [25] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ntirenganya Ratifa nta shingiro bufite. [26] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA/MIN00021/2023/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze kuwa 8/01/2024 igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose. [27] Rwemeje ko Ntirenganya Ratifa ahamishwa ku gihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni icumi (10.000.000Frw) ku bw’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kimuhama. [28] Rutegetse ko Ntirenganya Ratifa asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.