UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NTUYENABO

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NTUYENABO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-07-25 - Case/document no.: RPAA 01427/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NTUYENABO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 01427/2024/CA (Munyangeri, P.J.) 25 Nyakanga 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kongera kugabanya igihano – Abahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5 000 000 Frw bakajurira basaba ko cyongera kugabanywa ntibabyemererwa, kuko ari cyo gihano gito gishobora guhabwa uwahamwe n'icyaha cyo gutunda no kubika ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw'urumogi iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ntuyenabo yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha nyuma yuko afatanywe udupfunyika 65 tw’urumogi, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cy'imyaka makumyabiri (20) n'ihazabu ya miliyoni cumi n'eshanu (15,000,000 Frw) y'amafaranga y’ u Rwanda. Ntuyenabo yaburanye yemera ko yafatanywe urumogi. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa n'icyaha cyo gutunda no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw'urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy'imyaka makumyabiri n'itanu (25) n'ihazabu ya miliyoni makamyabiri (20,000,000 FRW) y'amafaranga y'u Rwanda, rutegeka ko udupfunyika 65 tw'urumogi rwafatiriwe rutwikwa. Ntuyenabo atishimiye icyemezo cy’Urukiko, yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze avuga ko yaburanye yemera icyaha, ariko urukiko rubanza ntirwamugabanyiriza ibihano mu buryo buhagije, akaba yarasabaga kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Ntuyenabo bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko imikirize y'urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse ku birebana n'ibihano yahanishijwe, rumuhanisha igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15) n'ihazabu y'amafaranga yiu Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5,000,000 Frw). Ntuyenabo yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa mu bushishozi bw'Urukiko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 49, iya 59 n'iya 60 z'itegeko NO 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange no ku murongo wafashwe n'Urukiko rw'lkirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/PEN 00001/2017/SC rwaciwe ku wa 13/04/2017, n'urubanza RPAA 0110/08/CS rwaciwe ku wa 29/05/2009. Ku rundi ruhande Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubujurire budakwiye guhabwa ishingiro kuko uregwa yagabanyirijwe hashingiwe ku biteganywa n'ingingo ya 2 y'itegeko NO 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko NO 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange, ahanishwa igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15) n'ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5,000,000 Frw) y'amafaranga y'u Rwanda. Ko yaganyirijwe ku buryo buhagije. Incamake y’icyemezo: Abahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5 000 000 Frw bakajurira basaba ko cyongera kugabanywa ntibabyemererwa, kuko ari cyo gihano gito gishobora guhabwa uwahamwe n'icyaha cyo gutunda no kubika ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw'urumogi iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha.

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Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko NO 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura itegeko NO 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 11, igika cya 3 (1 0); Itegeko NO 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y'itegeko NO 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 2, agace ka (a) na (d). Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00721/2024/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Dusabe Jean rwaciwe n'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire ku wa 22/05/2025, RPAA 00018/2023/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Niyoyita Jean Claude rwaciwen’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/03/2025, RPAA 00046/2023/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Niyibizi Ismael rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/04/2024, RPAA 00021/2023/CA; Ubushanjacyaha vs Singiranumwe Védaste rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 19/04/2024. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y'URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 18/10/2020, Ntuyenabo Fabrice yafatiwe mu Murenge wa Kabaya, Akagari ka Nyenyeri, Umudugudu wa Kirwa, afatanwa udupfunyika mirongo itandatu na dutanu (65) tw'urumogi yari agamije kugurisha, udupfunyika tune (4) bakaba baratumusanganye aho yafatiwe, utundi mirongo itandatu na kamwe (61) badusanga kwa nyirabukwe mu nzu bari batarimukiramo. [2] Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, busaba ko icyaha cyamuhama agahanishwa igifungo cy'imyaka makumyabiri (20) n'ihazabu ya miliyoni cumi n'eshanu (15,000,000 Frw) y'amafaranga y’ u Rwanda. [3] Ntuyenabo Fabrice yaburanye yemera ko yafatanywe urwo rumogi koko, avuga ko yari yaruguze n'uwitwa Bobo utuye mu Gasiza, akaba yari yarutumwe n'uwitwa Rafiki bafite gahunda yo kurunywa atari ukurugurisha. [4] Mu rubanza RP 00705/2020/TGl/RBV rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu ku wa 29/04/2022, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ngingo ya 65 y'itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n'itangwa ryabyo, ku ngingo II y'itegeko NO 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura kandi ryuzuza itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange, ku ngingo ya 59 n'iya 60 z'itegeko NO 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange, ku mugereka wa I w’lteka rya Minisitiri No 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 04/03/2019 rigena urutonde rw'ibiyobyabwenge n'ibyiciro byabyo ryasohotse mu Igazeti ya Leta No 10 ryo ku wa 11/03/2019, ku mvugo z'abatangabuhamya, ku mvugo ya Ntuyenabo Fabrice mu Bugenzacyaha, ku mubare w'udupfunyika tw'urumogi

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yafatanywe, no ku murongo wafashwe nUrukiko rw’lkirenga mu rubanza RPA 0110/08/CS rwaciwe n'Urukiko rw'lkirenga ku wa 29/05/2009, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Urayeneza Marthe, rwemeje ko Ntuyenabo Fabrice ahamwa n'icyaha cyo gutunda no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw'urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy'imyaka makumyabiri n'itanu (25) n'ihazabu ya miliyoni makamyabiri (20,000,000 FRW) y'amafaranga y'u Rwanda, rutegeka ko udupfunyika 65 tw'urumogi rwafatiriwe rutwikwa. [5] Ntuyenabo Fabrice yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze avuga ko yaburanye yemera icyaha, ariko urukiko rubanza ntirwamugabanyiriza ibihano mu buryo buhagije, akaba yarasabaga kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [6] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yaburanye avuga ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite kuko yagabanyirijwe ibihano, ko ariko bitabuza Urukiko rwajuririwe kongera kumugabanyiriza ibihano, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y'itegeko NO 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange. [7] Mu rubanza RPA 00340/2022/1-IC/MUS rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ku wa 19/12/2024, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku murongo wafashwe n'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA 00021/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 19/04/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Singiranumwe Vedaste, ku ngingo ya 6 y'itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange, ku ngingo ya 2 y'itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko NO 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ntuyenabo Fabrice bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko imikirize y'urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse ku birebana n'ibihano yahanishijwe, rumuhanisha igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15) n'ihazabu y'amafaranga yiu Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5,000,000 Frw). [8] Ntuyenabo Fabrice yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw'Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RPAA 01427/2024/CA, nyuma y'imihango ntegurarubanza yose hemezwa ko ruzaburanishwa ku wa 09/07/2025, [9] Uwo munsi ababuranyi bitabye Urukiko, Ntuyenabo Fabrice yunganiwe na Me SI-IEMA Gerald, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Sibomana Stanislas, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’ lgihugu, [10] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Ntuyenabo Fabrice n'umwunganira bavuga ko yajuriye muri uru Rukiko kubera ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rutitaye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha rumuhanisha ibihano birebire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha, basaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa mu bushishozi bw'Urukiko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 49, iya 59 n'iya 60 z'itegeko NO 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange no ku murongo wafashwe n'Urukiko rw'lkirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/PEN 00001/2017/SC rwaciwe ku wa 13/04/2017, n'urubanza RPAA 0110/08/CS rwaciwe ku wa 29/05/2009. [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Ntuyenabo Fabrice budakwiye guhabwa ishingiro kuko yagabanyirijwe hashingiwe ku biteganywa n'ingingo ya 2 y'itegeko NO 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko NO 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya

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ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange, ahanishwa igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15) n'ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5,000,000 Frw) y'amafaranga y'u Rwanda. [12] Nyuma y'izo mpaka, harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba igihano Ntuyenabo Fabrice yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa, II. ISESENGURA RY'IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA > Kumenya niba igihano Ntuyenabo Fabrice yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa [13] Ntuyenabo Fabrice n'umwunganira bavuga ko yahanishijwe ibihano biremereye nyamara hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zari gutuma adahanwa nk'uko yahanwe harimo kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha ntarushye urwego rw'Ubugenzacyaha, Basaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano mu bushishozi bw'Urukiko kikajya munsi y'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15) kuko yagororotse, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 49, iya 59 n'iya 60 z'itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko asanga ubujurire bwa Ntuyenabo Fabrice nta shingiro bufite kuko we n'umwunganira nabo ubwabo bemera ko yagabanyirijwe, bityo akaba ari nta cyo banenga urubanza rwajuririwe kuko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwamugabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo buhagije, hashingiwe ku mategeko n'imirongo yatanzwe, akavanwa ku gifungo cy'imyaka makumyabiri n'itanu (25) n'ihazabu y'amafaranga y'u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20 000 000 Frw), agahanishwa igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15) n'ihazabu y'amafaranga y'u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu Frw), akaba ari nta kindi bagaragaza cyashingirwaho yongera kugabanyirizwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba Ntuyenabo Fabrice yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy'igifungo yahanishijwe, agahanishwa ikiri munsi y'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15), [16] Ingingo ya 11, igika cya 3 (1 0) y'itegeko NO 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura itegeko NO 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange iteganya ibikurikira: "Umuntu wese ukoraj uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw'imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranije n'amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. lyo abihamijwe n'urukiko ahanishwa: 1o igifungo cya burundu n'ihazabu y'amafaranga y'u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 FRW) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye. " [17] Ingingo ya 2, agace ka (a) na (d), y'itegeko NO 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y'itegeko NO 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko "lyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano mu buryo bukurikira: (a),"igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y'igihano cy'igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15); („.), (d), igihano cy'ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy'igihano cy'ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. "

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[18] Mu manza zitandukanye, Urukiko rw'Ubujurire rwemejwe ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n'umucamanza, icyaha gihanishwa igihano cy'igifungo cya burundu n'ihazabu, icyo gihano gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y'igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15) n'ihazabu ikaba yagabanywa ariko ntige munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy'ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe; ko abahanishijwe icyo gihano, bakajurira basaba ko kigabanywa batabyemererwa. Urubanza ruheruka gushingira kuri uwo murongo akaba ari urufite RPAA 00721/2024/CA rwaciwe n'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire ku wa 22/05/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Dusabe Jean. [19] lgihano cy'igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15) n'ihazabu y'amafaranga y'u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5,000,000 Frw), Urukiko rwUbujurire rwagitanze kandi mu manza zitandukanye harimo urubanza RPAA 00018/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyoyita Jean Claude, aho yari yafatanywe udupfunyika 64 twiurumogi, avanwa ku gihano cy'igifungo cy'imyaka makumyabiri n'itanu (25) n'ihazabu y'amafaranga y'u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20,000,000 Frw), rumuhanisha igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15) n'ihazabu y'amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5,000,000 Frw), rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranweho icyaha, ku ngano nto y'ibiyobyabwenge yafatanywe, no kuba yari mu kigero cy'ubusore kuko yakoze icyaha afite imyaka makumyabiri n'itatu (23); hari kandi urubanza RPAA 00518/202i/CA rwaciwe ku wa 12/04/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Dusengimana Jean Damascéne, n'urubanza RPAA 00046/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/04/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyibizi Ismael. [20] No muri uru rubanza, bigaragara ko Ntuyenabo Fabrice yakoze icyaha afite imyaka makumyabiri n'ine (24) y'amavuko, afatanywa udupfunyika twurumogi mirongo itandatu na dutanu (65), bikaba byumvikanisha ko na we agomba guhanwa hashingiwe ku murongo wafashwe mu manza zivuzwe haruguru kuko yari mu kigero kimwe n'abaregwaga muri izo manza ndetse bikaba bigaragara ko umubare w'udupfunyika tw'urumogi yafatanywe tungana n'utwo uwitwa Niyoyita Jean Claude yafatanywe. [21] Mu gika cya 10 n'icya 14 by'urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rwasobanuye ko rusanga ubujurire bwa Ntuyenabo Fabrice bufite ishingiro, ko agomba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yakomeje kwemera icyaha kandi urukiko rubanza rukaba rwaramugabanyirije igihano rushingiye ku itegeko ryariho, maze rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y'itegeko NO 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko NO 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange no ku murongo wafashwe n'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA 00021/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 19/04/2024, haburana ubushanjacyaha na Singiranumwe Védaste uvuga ko nta cyabuza Urukiko rwajuririwe kongera kugabanya igihano mu gihe rusanga igihano cyatanzwe n'Urukiko rubanza kitaragabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije ubirebeye hamwe n'uburemere bw'icyaha cyakozwe, rumugabanyiriza igihano kiva ku gifungo cy'imyaka makumyabiri n'itanu (25) n'ihazabu y'amafaranga y'u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) yahanjshijwe n'Urukiko Rwisumbuye, rumuhanisha igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15) n'ihazabu y'amafaranga y'u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [22] Urukiko rw'Ubujurire rurasanga rero ibyo Ntuyenabo Fabrice asaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano nta shingiro bifite kuko cyagabanyirijwe ku buryo buhagije hashingiwe ku kuba yemera icyaha, ahanishwa igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15) n'ihazabu y'amafaranga y'u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5,000,000 Frw). lgihano yahawe kikaba kitakongera kugabanywa

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kuko nk'uko byasobanuwe mu gika cya 17 cy'uru rubanza, ari cyo gihano gito gishobora guhabwa uwahamwe n'icyaha yahamijwe cyo gutunda no kubika ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw'urumogi iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [23] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, uru Rukiko rurasanga ubujurire bwa Ntuyenabo Fabrice nta shingiro bufite, bityo urubanza rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rukaba rugumanye agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose. II. ICYEMEZO CY'URUKIKO [24] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ntuyenabo Fabrice, nta shingiro bufite; [25] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 0034012022/HC/MUS rwaciwe n'Urukiko RukurujUrugereko rwa Musanze ku wa 19/12/2024 rudahindutse; [26] Rwemeje ko igihano cy'igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15) n'ihazabu y'amafaranga y'u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000) Ntuyenabo Fabrice yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa kidahindutse. [27] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y'amagarama y'urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta, kubera ko Ntuyenabo Fabrice aburana afunze,