UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NTWARI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NTWARI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-03-21 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00131/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NTWARI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE –RPAA 00131/2023/CA(Mukandamage P.J) 21Werurwe2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Ubujurire – Gusaba kugabanyirizwa Igihano – Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’Ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye Ntwari ku cyaha gusambanya umwana nyuma yuko acyetsweho gusambanya umwana witwa U. Y. w’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko. Uregwa yaburanye avuga ko ababyeyi b’umukobwa aribo bamugeretseho icyaha kuko umwana yatashye atinze kandi bari kumwe, ko niba koko umwana yarasambanyijwe atari kubibazwa kuko ntabyo yakoze. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rusanga hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko uregwa yakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, maze rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko ku rwego rwa mbere yahakanye icyaha, ariko noneho acyemera kandi asaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa igihano kikagera ku myaka icumi (10), kuko yakoze icyaha aribwo akiva mu bwana, ari umunyeshuri mu mashuri yisumbuye, kandi ko yasambanye n’umukobwa babyumvikanyeho. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza rusanga yemera icyaha ku buryo butuzuye, ariko kubera ko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera no kuba yarakoze icyaha ari muto, rwamugabanyirije igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Uregwa nanone yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutamugabanyirije igihano ku buryo buhagije, ko yemera icyaha yakoze cyo gusambanya umwana, kandi ko imvugo yakoresheje mu nkiko zabanje z’uko yumvikanye n’uwo mwana azisabira imbabazi, kuko batigeze bumvikana. Ubushinjacyaha nabwo buburana bwemera ko Ntwari yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, maze agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10), buvuga ko yakoze icyaha mu mwaka wa 2016, agikora afite imyaka cumi n’icyenda (19) y’amavuko, asambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko, kandi ko mu rubanza RPAA 00021/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 19/04/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Singiranumwe wasambanyije umwana w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) we afite makumyabiri (20), hashingiwe ku kuba yarakoze icyaha ari muto, kandi ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera agabanyirizwa igihano. Incamake y’Icyemezo: Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko

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yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 49. Ingingo ya 2 (b) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Imanza z’Ifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Sibobugingo, RPAA 00405/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/01/2025. Ubushinjacyaha vs Muhoza, RPAA 00011/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/05/2024. Ubushinjacyaha vs Nsabimana alias Sankara, RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022.

Urubanza I. Imiterere y’Urubanza [1] Ntwari yacyetsweho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana witwa U. Y. w’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko yakoze ku wa 02/01/2016, bivugwa ko yari ku igare ahuye n’uwo mwana amushyiraho bajyana kureba incuti yabo yitwa Béatrice, bageze aho yari yamubwiye ko ari, bava ku igare amusaba ko basambana, abyanze abikora ku ngufu, amenye ko arimo gushakishwa, aratoroka, aho agarukiye ku wa 01/08/2016 ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo burega Ntwari icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu giteganywa n’ingingo ya 133 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [3] Uregwa yaburanye ahakana icyaha aregwa, avuga ko ababyeyi b’umukobwa aribo bamugeretseho icyaha kuko umwana yatashye atinze kandi bari kumwe, ko niba koko umwana yarasambanyijwe atari kubibazwa kuko ntabyo yakoze. Yavugaga kandi ko nta kimenyetso cyatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha kigaragaza imyaka y’umukobwa, asaba kugirwa umwere. [4] Mu rubanza nº RP 00293/2019/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe ku wa 27/11/2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Ntwari yakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, birimo imvugo ze mu iperereza yemera ko yabonanye n’umwana ariko ko atamusambanyije, imvugo z’umwana wahohotewe, ubuhamya bwa Dukundimana ubwa

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Ndagijimana Anastasie n’ubwa Hakuzimana Viateur, raporo ya Muganga na raporo y’Inzego z’ibanze, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). [5] Ntwari yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko ku rwego rwa mbere yahakanye icyaha, ariko noneho acyemera kandi asaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa igihano kikagera ku myaka icumi (10), kuko yakoze icyaha aribwo akiva mu bwana, ari umunyeshuri mu mashuri yisumbuye, ariko ko yasambanye n’umukobwa babyumvikanyeho. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko kwemera icyaha kwa Ntwari kutuzuye, kubera ko avuga ko habaye kumvikana kandi umwana yaravuze ko yamusambanyije akoresheje imbaraga, asaba ko igihano yahawe cyagumaho, kuko gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. [6] Mu rubanza nº RPA 00027/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 09/12/2022, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze Ntwari yemera icyaha ku buryo butuzuye, ariko kubera ko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera no kuba yarakoze icyaha ari muto, rwamugabanyirije igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [7] Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa n° RPAA 00131/2023/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 03/03/2025, Uregwa yunganiwe na Me Rukumbuzi Blaise, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Béatrice, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Ntwari avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutamugabanyirije igihano ku buryo buhagije, agasaba ko cyagabanywa. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga koUregwa yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, maze agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10). [9] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni icyo kumenya niba igihano Ntwari yahawe cyakongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA: Kumenya niba igihano Ntwari yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru cyakongera kugabanywa [10] Uregwa avuga ko yemera icyaha yakoze cyo gusambanya umwana, ko imvugo yakoresheje mu nkiko zabanje z’uko yumvikanye n’uwo mwana azisabira imbabazi, kuko batigeze bumvikana. [11] Uregwa n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutamugabanyirije igihano ku buryo buhagije, bagasaba ko hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 2 (b) y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, maze agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10). [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Ntwari yakoze icyaha mu mwaka wa 2016, agikora afite imyaka cumi n’icyenda (19) y’amavuko, asambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko, kandi ko mu rubanza nº RPAA 00021/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 19/04/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Singiranumwe Védaste wasambanyije umwana w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) we afite makumyabiri (20), hashingiwe ku kuba yarakoze icyaha ari muto, kandi ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera agabanyirizwa igihano kigera ku myaka cumi n’umwe (11) y’igifungo, agasaba rero ko hashingiwe kuri urwo rubanza no ku ngingo ya 2 (b) y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihundura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa

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30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, NtwarI yagabanyirizwa igihano kikagera ku gifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10). UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Ku bijyanye no kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu y’ubujurire yonyine, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza n° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, uwo murongo ukaba uvuga ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu manza zitandukanye zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo n’urubanza nº RPAA 00405/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Sibobugingo Cyprien. [14] Mu bika bikurikira harasuzumwa niba mu guhanisha Ntwari igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko, urukiko rwabanje rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo ku buryo icyo gihano cyagabanywa. [15] Nk’uko bigaragara mu manza zabanje, aburana ku rwego rwa mbere, Uregwa yahakanye icyaha, ariko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rusanga hari ibimenyetso bikimuhamya, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). Mu bujurire, NTWARI Fils yemeye icyaha asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, Urukiko Rukuru rusanga kwemera icyaha mu bujurire bitamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yaherwaho agabanyirizwa igihano, ariko rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, kuba yaragikoze ari umusore muto, rwamugabanyirije igihano rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [16] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Uregwa yarakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko, we afite cumi n’umunani (18) y’amavuko, bikaba bigaragara ko bari mu kigero cyenda kungana, akaba ari n’ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu nkiko ku buryo buzwi, kandi mu manza rwaciye hari izacyemuye ikibazo nk’ikiri muri uru rubanza, harimo urubanza nº RPAA 00011/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/05/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Muhoza Jean de Dieu wasambanyije umwana w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko, we afite makumyabiri (20) y’amavuko, maze hashingiwe ku mpamvu yuko yaburanye yemera icyaha, kuba yarakoze icyaha arimo kuva mu myaka y’ubuto no ku ngingo ya 2 (b) y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano

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muri rusange1, yagabanyirijwe igihano ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10), aho kuba igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) yari yahawe mbere. [17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero, hashingiwe ku rubanza rwagaragajwe haruguru NTWARI Fils nawe yagabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) yari yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru, maze agahanishwa icy’imyaka icumi (10), nk’icyo MUHOZA Jean de Dieu yahawe. [18] Hashingiwe manza zatanze imirongo no ku bimaze gusobanurwa haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Ntwari bugamije kugabanyisha igihano bufite ishingiro, urubanza yajuririye rukaba rugomba guhinduka gusa ku byerekeranye n’igihano. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [19] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Ntwari Fils bugamije kugabanyisha igihano bufite shingiro; [20] Rwemeje ko urubanza n° RPA 00027/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 09/12/2022 ruhindutse gusa kubijyanye n’igihano ; [21] Rutegetse ko Ntwari Fils ahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko ; [22] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta, kuko Ntwari yajuriye afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.

1 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (…); (b) igifungo kimara igihe kizwi kiva ku mezi 6 kuzamura gishobora kugabanywa, ariko ntikijye munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri (½) cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha; (…)