NUMVIYINGOMA v. NDOLI SAFARIS Ltd

# NUMVIYINGOMA v. NDOLI SAFARIS Ltd

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-09-26 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 00423/2023/HCC - Collection: Commercial High Court

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NUMVIYINGOMA v. NDOLI SAFARIS Ltd [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU RW’UBUCURUZI – RCOMA 00423/2023/HCC (Mutajiri, P.J.,) 26 Nzeri 2023] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Ifatira – Ifatirabwishyu – Ifatira rihinduka ifatirabwishyu igihe uwabiregeye atsinze – Uberewemo umwenda afite uburenganzira bwo gusaba umuhesha w’inkiko gufatira ibintu by’umubereyemo umwenda ariko akabikora ashingiye ku masezerano cyangwa ku nyandiko z’ubucuruzi impande zombi zagiranye no mu gihe uwo mwenda ugeze igihe cyo kwishyurwa – Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 232. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwitwa Numviyingoma Theophile avuga ko yagiranye amasezerano y’ubukode bw’imodoka na sosiyete Ndoli Safaris Ltd, impande zombi zumvikanye ko amafaranga y’ubukode ari Miliyoni imwe (1,000,000Frw) buri kwezi azajya yishyurwa taliki ya 30 za buri kwezi, ariko nyuma yaho ayo masezerano ntiyubahirijwe. Impande zombi zarahuye, zikorana andi masezerano mashya yemeza ayandi matariki uwo mwenda ugomba kwishyurirwaho. Numviyingoma yaje kwiyambaza Umuhesha w’Inkiko kugirango afatire umutungo wa Ndoli Safaris Ltd ugizwe n’amafaranga ari kuri compte zayo kugirango hazavemo ubwishyu bw’umwenda imubereyemo kuko yabonaga itinze kumwishyura, ndetse atanga ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi arusaba kwemeza uwo mwenda anasaba ndetse ko ibyafatiriwe bihinduka ifatirabwishyu. Umuhesha w’inkiko w’umwuga nkuko yabisabwe na Numviyingoma yagiye afatira amafaranga ya sosiyete Ndoli Safaris Ltd ari kuri konti zitandukanye. Urukiko mu guca urubanza rwemeza ko igihe cyo kwishyura cyemejwe mu masezerano cyari kitaragera, rwemeza kandi ko ifatira ryakozwe n’Umuhesha w’Inkiko rivanweho, kandi ko ifatira ridahinduka ifatirabwishyu kuko ryakozwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. Numviyingoma ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza maze ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi asaba gusuzuma niba Urukiko rutaragombaga kwemeza no gutegeka ko ibyafatiriwe bihinduka ifatira bwishyu. Incamake y’icyemezo: Ifatira rihinduka ifatirabwishyu igihe uwabiregeye atsinze. Uberewemo umwenda afite uburenganzira bwo gusaba umuhesha w’inkiko gufatira ibintu by’umubereyemo umwenda ariko akabikora ashingiye ku masezerano cyangwa ku nyandiko z’ubucuruzi impande zombi zagiranye no mu gihe uwo mwenda ugeze igihe cyo kwishyurwa Ubujurire nta shingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 232.

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Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Urubanza rwatangiye Ndoli Safaris Ltd ihagarariwe na Uwihanganye Emile, arega avuga ko kuwa 06/12/2022 yagiranye amasezerano y’ubukode bw’imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Toyota Double Cabine (Toyota Hilix) ifite Plaque RAG 041A na Numviyingoma Theophile, impande zombi zumvikanye ko amafaranga y’ubukode ari Miliyoni imwe (1,000,000Frw) buri kwezi azajya yishyurwa taliki ya 30 za buri kwezi. [2] Ndoli Safaris Ltd ntiyubahirije amasezerano amaze kuvugwa, bituma ku wa 20/06/2023 Numviyingoma Theophile na Ndoli Safaris bicarana bongera kugirana andi masezerano yo kwishyura ubukode bw’imodoka aho mu ngingo ya 2 yayo masezerano mugace ka 2.1, Ndoli Safaris Ltd yemeye ko ibereyemo Numviyingoma Theophile umwenda ungana na miliyoni eshatu (3,000,000Frw), impande zombi zemeranywa ko Ndoli Safaris Ltd izaba yamaze kwishyura aya mafaranga yose mugihe kitarenze amezi atatu (3 Mois). [3] Mu ngingo ya 2 mu gace ka 2.2 y’amasezerano amaze kuvugwa haruguru, impande zombi zemeranyijwe ko ku italiki ya mbere ya buri kwezi, mugihe cy’amezi atatu (Nyakanga, Kanama na Nzeli) hazishyurwa amafaranga miliyoni ebyiri (2,000,000Frw) habariwemo amafaranga miliyoni imwe (1,000,000Frw) y’ubukode bw’imodoka bwa buri kwezi n’ubwishyu bw’ideni bw’amafaranga miliyoni imwe (1,000,000Frw). [4] Ku wa 17/07/2023, Numviyingoma Theophile yunganiwe na Me Mfanshingabo Aimable yareze Ndoli Safaris Ltd mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ikirego cyandikwa kuri RCOM 01206/2023/TC, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame kuwa 07/08/2023 09:30. [5] Mu kirego kimaze kuvugwa haruguru, Numviyingoma Theophile avuga ko Ndoli Safaris Ltd itubahirije amazeserano y’ubwishyu bw’ubukode bw’imodoka yo ku wa 20/06/2023 ndetse kuwa 05/07/2023 ikaba yarahawe ibaruwa isabwa kwishyura amafaranga ibereyemo Numviyingoma Theophile angana na miliyoni enye (4,000,000Frw) ariko ntiyagira icyo ikora, bityo akaba ariyo mpamvu Numviyingoma Theophile yiyambaje Umuhesha w’Inkiko kugirango afatire umutungo wa Ndoli Safaris Ltd ugizwe n’amafaranga ari kuri compte za Ndoli Safaris Ltd arizo : Compte No 01215580009 iri muri Bank of Africa na Compte No 01853450 iri muri Zigama CSS kugirango hazavemo ubwishyu bw’umwenda imubereyemo. Bityo iyo akaba ariyo mpamvu Numviyingoma Theophile yatanze iki kirego kugirango Urukiko rwemeze umwenda abarewemo na Ndoli Safalis Ltd ndetse rutegeke ko ibyafatiriwe bihinduka ifatirabwishyu. [6] Numviyingoma Theophile asaba kandi Urukiko gutegeka Ndoli Safaris Ltd kumwishyura amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’uma avoka, kumusubiza imodoka ye ndetse no gutegeka Ndoli Safaris Ltd kwishyura amafaranga y’ibihano bya contravention. [7] Ndoli Safaris Ltd ku munsi w’iburanisha ntabwo yigeze yitaba kandi yaramenyeshejwe urubanza mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, Urukiko rushingiye kubiteganywa n’ingingo ya 56

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y’itegeko No22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, rufata icyemezo cyo kuburanisha urubanza Ndoli Safaris Ltd idahari. [8] Urukiko mu guca urubanza rwemeza ko igihe gikubiye mu masezerano yo kuwa 20/06/2023 Ndoli Safaris Ltd yemeye ko izaba yarangije kwishyura Numviyingoma Theophile umwenda wose imubereyemo uvugwa muri ayo masezerano kitaragera, ko ifatira ryakozwe n’Umuhesha w’Inkiko Muhoza Christian kuwa 17/07/2023, kuri Compte No 01215580009 ya Ndoli Safaris Ltd iri muri Bank of Africa ndetse na Compte No 01853450 iri muri Zigama CSS rivanweho, rikaba ridahindutse ifatirabwishyu kuko ryakozwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. [9] Numviyingoma Theophile akaba atarishimiye imikirize y’urubanza ajurira asaba gusuzuma niba Urukiko rutaragombaga no kwemeza Umwenda Ndoli Safaris Ltd ibereyemo Numviyingoma Theophile, gusuzuma niba Urukiko rutaragombaga kwemeza no gutegeka ko ibyafatiriwe bihinduka ifatira bwishyu. Asoza asaba indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy'umu avoka. [10] Uregwa ntiyireguye ndetse aburanishwa adahari kuko atitabye nta mpamvu. [11] Muri uru rubanza hakaba hagomba gusuzumwa niba Urukiko rutaragombaga no kwemeza Umwenda Ndoli Safaris Ltd ibereyemo Numviyingoma Theophile, gusuzuma niba Urukiko rutaragombaga kwemeza no gutegeka ko ibyafatiriwe bihinduka ifatira bwishyu no gusuzuma niba indishyi z’ikurikiraanrubanza n’igihembo cy'umu avoka zisabwa n’uregwa zifite ishingiro. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO A. Kubirebana no gusuzuma niba Urukiko rutaragombaga kwemeza Umwenda Ndoli Safaris Ltd ibereyemo Numviyingoma Theophile [12] Numviyingoma Theophile n’umwunganizi we basobanura ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa , Urukiko rwirengagije ibisobanuro bye aho yasobanuriye urukiko ko Ndoli Safaris Ltd itubaririje amasezerano y’ubukode bw’imodoka yo kuwa 06/12/2022 ndetse n’amasezerano yo kwishyura ubukode bw’imodoka yo kuwa 20/Kamena 2023, aho impande zombi zari zumvikanye ko amafaranga angana na 3,000,000Frw azishyurwa mu byiciro bitatu ko buri cyiciro Ndoli Safaris Ltd izajya yishyura 1,000,000Frw y’ikirarane cy’umwenda ndetse na 1,000,000Frw y’ubukode busanzwe bw’imodoka bikaba 2,000,000Frw kugeza ibyiciro byose ko ari bitatu birangiye. [13] Bavuga ko basobanuriye Urukiko ku rwego rwambere ko mu masezerano yo kuwa 20/07/2023 ko icyiciro cyambere cyagombaga kwishyurwa taliki ya 01/07/2023 ariko nti byubahirijwe nanone ko bagaragaje ko taliki ya 05/07/2023 Numviyingoma yandikiye Ndoli Safaris Ltd iyimenyesha ko igomba kubahiriza amasezerano kandi ko nibigea taliki ya 10/07/2023 itubahirijwe ibyo bumvikanyeho ko amasezerano azahita aseswa kandi igasubiza imodoka ibi nti byubahirijwe akaba ariyo mpamvu Theophile yatanze ikirego ku rwego rwa mbere.

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[14] Asaba ko Urukiko kwemeza Umwenda no gusaba ko Ndoli Safaris yategekwa kwishyura amafaranga angana na 4.000,000Frw avurwa mu masezerano yo kuwa 20/Kamena 2023 ndetse hakiyongera amafaranga y’ubukode bw’ukwezi kwa 07/2023 kuko agifite iyo modoka akirimo arikoresgha ayibyaza umusaruro, Theophile yakomeje asaba ko Urukiko rwa kwemeza ko Ndoli Safaris Ltd ibereyemo amafaranga angana na 5,000,000 Frw akomoka ku bukode bw’imodoka ariko Urukiko mu gika cya 17 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa siko rwabibonye ahubwo rwirengagije ko amafaranga impande zombi zari zimeranijwe ko azajya yishyurwa mu byiciro bi 3 icyambere ko kizishyurwa taliki ya 01/07/2023 ntabwo ari buri kwezi ko guhera taliki ya 20/07/2023, ikindi urukiko rwirengagije ibikubiye mu ibaruwa yo kuwa 05/07/2023 yavugagako Niba Ndoli Safaris Ltd niramuka itishyuye amafaranga yishyuzwaga mbere yitaliki 10/07/2023 ko amasezerano azahita aseswa kandi Ndoli Safaris Ltd igasubiza imodoka nyarayo ariko Umucamanza we yagaragaje ko amasezerano agikomeje kugeza mu kwezi kwacyenda ibi byumvikanye bisanaho ari nabwo yagombaga kwishyura nyamara sibyo, akaba asaba urukiko kwemeza ko Ndori Safatris Ltd ifitiye Numviyingoma Theophile amafaranga anagana ana 5,000,000 Frw. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Impaka ziri muri iyi ngingo zishingiye kukumenya niba urukiko rwaragombaga kwemeza ko ifatira rihinduka ifatirwa bwishyu hashingiwe ku masezerano y’umwenda ugomba kwishyurwa mu byiciro. [16] Ingingo ya 232 y’itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujijwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko Umuntu wese: 1° ufite urwandiko rw’ubucuruzi rutegeka urimo umwenda kwishyura; 2° ufite urwandiko rw’amasezerano y’ubwishyu; 3° ufite sheki itazigamiwe ; 4° uberewemo umwenda ushingiye ku gikorwa cy’ubucuruzi; ashobora gusaba umuhesha w’inkiko gufatira ibintu by’umubereyemo umwenda amaze kugenzura agaciro k’inyandiko zavuzwe haruguru no guhamya ko umwenda utishyuriwe. Mu gihe kitarenze amasaha mirongo ine n’umunani (48), uberewemo umwenda agomba kandi kuba yagejeje ikirego cy’iremezo mu rukiko rubifitiye ububasha kugirango hemezwe umwenda aberewemo. Ifatira rivugwa mu gika cya 2 cy’iyi ngingo rigumaho, keretse iyo muri urwo rubanza uwafatiriwe asabye ko rivaho akabyemererwa n’urukiko. Urubanza rwa burundu ku kirego cy’iremezo rutuma ifatira rihinduka ifatirabwishyu iyo uwareze atsinze. Bene urwo rubanza ruburanishwa mu buryo bw’ibirego byihutirwa. [17] lyi ngingo yumvikanisha ko umwenda w’ubucuruzi ufatirwa kandi ukaregerwa binyujijwe mu buryo no mu nzira biteganywa n‘iyo ngingo, ari umwenda w’ubucuruzi uzwi neza, kandi ugeze igihe cyo kwishyurwa, utagibwaho impaka izo arizo zose zishingiye kuriwo ubwawo cyangwa ku ngano yawo, ukaba ushingiye ku rwandiko rw’ubucuruzi rutegeka urimo umwenda kwishyura rutagibwaho impaka, ku rwandiko rw’amasezerano y’ubwishyu itagibwaho impaka, kuri sheki itazigamiwe itagibwaho impaka cyangwa ku gikorwa cy’ubucuruzi kitagibwaho impaka, ukaba ari umwenda wumvikanwaho n’impande zombi, ikibazo gihari ari uko utishyuwe mu gihe wagombaga kuba wishyuwemo. [18] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko kuwa 17/07/2023, Umuhesha w’Inkiko witwa Muhoza Christian, ashingiye ku masezerano yo kuwa 07/12/2022 yabaye hagati ya Numviyingoma

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Theophile na Ndoli Safaris Ltd, yafatiriye umutungo wa Ndoli Safaris Ltd ugizwe n’amafaranga ari kuri compte N° 01215580009 ya Ndoli Safaris iri muri Bank of Africa na Compte N° 01853450 iri muri Zigama CSS kugirango hazavemo ubwishyu bw’umwenda imubereyemo. [19] Dosiye igaragaza kandiko ku wa 27/07/2023, ZIGAMA CSS yandikiye Umuhesha w’Inkiko Muhoza Christian, imumenyesha ko Compte N° 01853450 ya Ndoli Safaris Ltd yasabye ko ifatirwa, itabaho mu bitabo bya ZIGAMA CSS. [20] Muri uru rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze ifatira ryakozwe n’Umuhesha w‘Inkiko w’Umwuga Muhoza Christian kuwa 17/07/2023 yarafatiriye amafaranga ari kuri Compte N° 01215580009 ya Ndoli Safaris Ltd iri muri Bank of Africa ndetse n‘ifatira ryakorewe kuri Compte ye No 01853450 iri muri Zigama CSS, iryo fatira rigomba kuvaho kuko Umuhesha w’Inkiko mugufataira atabanje gushishoza ngo arebe niba amasezerano yo kuwa 20/06/2023 yo kwishyura umwenda impande zombi zagiranye, umwenda uyavugwamo warageze igihe cyo kwishyurwa (rwasobanuye ko amasezerano yakozwe ku italiki ya 20/06/2023 ikirego agitanga ku italiki ya 17/07/2023, kandi nyamara impande zombi zari zemeranyijwe ko amafaranga yose Ndoli Safaris Ltd izaba yarangije kuyamwishyura mugihe cy’amezi atatu (Nyakanga, Kanama na Nzeli) ndetse ko n’ifatira Umuhesha w’Inkiko yakoze kuri Compte N° 01853450 iri muri Zigama CSS, yarikoze kuri compte itabaho muri icyo kigo cy’imari. [21] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuru rusanga rwemeranya n’umwanzuro wafashwe n’urukiko rw’ubucuruzi w’uko ifatira ritagombaga gukorwa mugihe cyose umwenda uvugwa mu masezerano y’ubwishyu utaragera igihe cyo kwishyurwa (not due) ndetse no kuba ifatira ryarakozwe kuri konti itabaho. B. Kubirebana no gusuzuma niba Urukiko rutaragombaga kwemeza no gutegeka ko ibyafatiriwe bihinduka ifatira bwishyu [22] Numviyingoma Theophile n’umwunganizi we basobanura ko ku rwego rwambere yasobanuriye urukiko ashingiye ku mwenda aberewemo na Ndoli Safaris Ltd ungana na 5,000,000 Frw, anashingiye ku kuba harafatiriwe Compte za Ndori Safaris Ltd ko iryo fatira ryahinduka ifatira bwishyu ariko Urukiko rukaba rwarabyirengagije akaba ariyo mpamvu dusaba ko Urukiko kuri uru rwego twakwemezako ifatira ryahinduka ifatira bwishyu kugiramngo abe ariwo mutungo Uherwaho mu gushakisha ubwishyu. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [23] Urukiko rusanga iyi ngingo rutakwirirwa ruyigarukaho kuko yasubijwe mw’isesengura ry’iyayibanjirije. C. Kubirebana no gusuzuma niba indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy'umu avoka zisabwa n’uwajuriye zifite ishingiro [24] Numviyingoma Theophile asaba Urukiko ko rutegeka Ndoli Safaris Ltd gutanga indishyo zo kumushora mu manza kubw’amaherere zingana na 500,000 Frw, Igihembo cy’Avoka kingana na 1,000,000 Frw no gusubizwa ingwate y’amagarama ingana na 20,000 Frw yatanzwe hatangwa ikirego ku rwego rwambere na 40,000 Frw kuri uru rwego.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBOBA [25] Urukiko rusanga izi ndishyi zitagomba gutangwa kuko ubujurire zari zishingiyeho nta shingiro bufite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [26] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Numviyingoma Theophile nta shingiro bufite. [27] Rutgetse ko ntagihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza RCOM 01206/2023/TC. [28] Rutegetse ko ifatira ryakozwe n’Umuhesha w’Inkiko Muhoza Christian kuwa 17/07/2023, kuri Compte N° 01215580009 ya Ndoli Safaris Ltd iri muri Bank of Africa ndetse na Compte N° 01853450 iri muri Zigama CSS rivanweho; [29] Rutegetse ko amafaranga 40,000 y’amagarama Numviyingoma Theophile yishyuye ajurira aherera ku isanduku ya Leta.