NYAMASWA v BPR Plc

# NYAMASWA v BPR Plc

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-12-28 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 00060/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NYAMASWA v BPR Plc [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOMAA 00060/2022/CA (Ngagi, PJ.) 28 Nyakanga 2022] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Ubujurire bw’akabiri – Kutakira ubujurire – Gutsindwa ku rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri ku mpamvu zimwe - Bifatwa ko umuburanyi yatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu nkiko zabanje, iyo Urukiko rwajuririwe, nyuma yo gusesengura imikirize y’urubanza mu nkiko zombi, rusanze ingingo z’ingenzi zasuzumwe, impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo hagerwe ku cyemezo cyafashwe ari zimwe kandi zaratumye hafatwa ibyemezo bisa. Incamake y’ikibazo: NYAMASWA Raphael yareze BPR Plc avuga ko nyuma yo guhabwa inguzanyo akishyura 128.413.700 Frw asigaje kwishyura 11.586.300 Frw, banki yamwishyuje 138.770.000 Frw, akaba ari amafaranga y’umurengera asaba kurenganurwa hagashyirwaho umuhanga wo kubara umwenda yari ashigaje kwishyura n’indishyi zitandukanye. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite. Ajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi narwo ruca urubanza rwemeza ko nta shingiro ubujurire bwe bufite. NYAMASWA Raphael ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutagaragaje ingano y’umwenda abereyemo BPR Plc, ko rwafashe icyemezo cyo gushyiraho umuhanga wo kubara umwenda usigaye n’inyungu zawo rukongera rukagikuraho rutitaye ku mbogamizi yagize zatumye adahita abona ubushobozi bwo kumwishyura. BPR Plc yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ivuga ko habayeho gutsindwa ku mpamvu zimwe. Isobanura ko mu Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze nta bimenyetso ashingiraho agaragaza ko ashigaje kwishura 11.586.300 Frw, maze rwemeza ko atsinzwe rushingiye ku ngingo ya 3 y’Itegeko n⁰15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ko ibyo byagarutsweho mu bujurire, aho Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze nta kimenyetso atanga kigaragaza ukuri kw’ ibyo aregera rushingiye ku ngingo ya 3 y’Itegeko n⁰15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, no ku ngingo ya 12 y’Itegeko N⁰ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza. Bityo ko yatsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu nkiko zombi, aho zose zasanze nta bimenyetso atanga by’uko umwenda ashigaje kwishyura ungana na 11.586.300 Frw. NYAMASWA Rapahel n’umwunganira bavuga ko iyi nzitizi nta shingiro ifite, kubera ko ibisobanuro inkiko zibanza zatanze ndetse n’ibyemezo zafashe bitandukanye, ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwavuze ko BPR Plc ari yo yagaragaje Historique ya Banki, kandi ari we wayitanze, rukitirira BPR Plc ikimenyetso cye, rugasoza ruvuga ko yagombaga gushyiraho umuhanga wo kuyivuguruza, ko inkiko zombi zahunze inshingano mu gufata icyemezo ku cyaregewe, kuko hatemejwe ingano y’umwenda, kandi ari byo byari bigize ikibazo cya mbere kigomba gusuzumwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Impamvu zimwe zigomba kumvikana nk’ibisobanuro buri Rukiko rwashingiyeho mu gufata icyemezo cyarwo rugendeye ku byabaye no ku byo amategeko ateganya, nizo zishingirwaho mu kugaragariza no gusobanurira ababuranyi icyatumye Urukiko rufata icyemezo, akaba ari nazo ziherwaho ababuranyi basuzuma niba imiburanire yabo yarasesenguwe

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n’Urukiko, bitewe n’uko buri cyemezo cy’Urukiko kigomba kuba cyasobanuriwe impamvu. Mu gusuzuma ko impamvu zashingiweho umuburanyi atsindwa mu nkiko zombi ari zimwe, ntiharebwa niba ibimenyetso ababuranyi batanze ku rwego rwa mbere ari byo byatanzwe no mu rwego rw’ubujurire, cyangwa ko zakoresheje amagambo amwe, ahubwo harebwa niba inkiko zombi zarashubije ku buryo bumwe ingingo zirebana n’ikiburanwa. 2. Kuba urukiko rubanza rwarasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba umwenda usigaje kwishyura ari 11.586.300 Frw n’icyo kumenya niba hashyirwaho inzobere yo kugaragaza ingano y’umwenda remezo n’inyungu zawo, naho mu rukiko Rukuru hagasuzumwa ibibazo by’ingenzi bikurikira: kumenya niba Urukiko rutaragaragaje ingano y’umwenda remezo nyakuri n’inyungu zawo, n‘icyo kumenya niba umucamanza yaranze gushyiraho inzobere yo kugaragaza ingano y’umwenda remezo n’inyungu zawo. Hose atsinwa hashingiwe ku kuba nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho yagaragaje byerekana ko yari asigaje kwishyura 11.586.300 Frw no kuba yaragamboga kuba yarashyizeho iyo nzombere mbere yo gutanga ikirego mu Rukiko. Ubujurire bwe ntiburi mu bubasha bw’Urukiko, inzitizi yatanzwe na BPR Plc ifite ishingiro. Inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe ifite ishingiro. Ubujurire ntibwakiriwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ingingo ya 52. Imanza zashingiweho: Urubanza N◦ RCOMAA 0038/16/CS-RCOMAA 0033/2016/CS hagati ya Bank of Kigali Ltd na MULISA KANA Martin rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017, igika cya 21. Urubanza Urubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC hagati ya Road Solution Pavement Products na MAILCO Ltd, rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2020, igika cya 24. Urubanza rubanziriza urundi mu rubanza Nº RCOMAA 00010/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 15/03/2019, haburana KOPERATIVE DUKUNDUMURIMO (KOADU) na KING CONSTRUCTION AND SERVICE COMPANY (KICOSECA), igika cya 12. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 27/04/2015, NYAMASWA Raphael yagiranye amasezerano y’inguzanyo na BPR Ltd, ingana na 70.000.000 Frw yo kubaka yagombaga kurangira kwishyurwa ku wa 12/05/2017. Ku wa 14/09/2015, yahawe inguzanyo y’igihe gito (credit line) ya 70.000.000 Frw yagombaga kwishyurwa bitarenze ku wa 30/09/2016, umwenda wose hamwe uba 140.000.000 Frw. NYAMASWA Raphael avuga ko nyuma yo kwishyura 128.413.700 Frw asigaje kwishyura 11.586.300 Frw, ariko BPR Plc yamwishyuje 138.770.000 Frw, bituma ayirega mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko BPR Plc imwishyuza amafaranga y’umurengera asaba kurenganurwa hagashyirwaho umuhanga wo kubara umwenda yari ashigaje kwishyura n’indishyi zitandukanye.

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[2] BPR Plc yireguye ivuga ko ikirego cya NYAMASWA Raphael nta shingiro gifite, ko ari amayeri yo gutinza cyamunara yari yatangiye kuko nta bimenyetso NYAMASWA Raphael agaragaza byerekana ko asigaje kwishyura 11.586.300 Frw, akaba ari nta muhanga ukenewe wo kuyabara kuko yabazwe neza, maze isaba gusubizwa amafaranga yakoresheje ku rubanza. [3] Mu rubanza N° RCOM 00235/2020/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 25/06/2020, urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cya NYAMASWA Raphael nta shingiro gifite; rutegeka NYAMASWA Raphael guha BPR Plc 1.300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, runategeka ko ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe iguma mu Isanduku ya Leta. [4] NYAMASWA Raphael ntiyishimiye iyo mikirize y’urubanza, ayijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, avuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rutagaragaje ingano y’umwenda remezo nyakuri n’inyungu zawo yari akwiye kwishyura, ko rwanze gushyiraho inzobere, ko kandi rwamuciye indishyi. BPR Plc yireguye kuri izo ngingo z’ubujurire ivuga ko nta shingiro zifite kuko ibyo avuga byasuzumwe mu rubanza yajuririye maze Urukiko rusanga nta shingiro bifite. [5] Ku wa 14/02/2022, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza No RCOMA 00477/2020/HCC rwemeza ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na NYAMASWA Raphael nta shingiro bufite, ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza No RCOM 00235/2020/TC; rutegeka NYAMASWA Raphael kwishyura BPR Plc 1.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka ku rwego rw’ubujurire, ko 40.000 Frw y’amagarama yatanze ajurira aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta. [6] NYAMASWA Raphael ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutagaragaje ingano y’umwenda abereyemo BPR Plc, ko rwafashe icyemezo cyo gushyiraho umuhanga wo kubara umwenda usigaye n’inyungu zawo rurongera rugikuraho rutitaye ku mbogamizi yagize zatumye adahita abona ubushobozi bwo kumwishyura, ko rwamutegetse kwishyura BPR Plc indishyi z’ibyagiye ku rubanza kandi ariyo nyirabayazana w’uru rubanza imwishyuza umwenda w’umurengera, asaba indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza n’indishyi z’ibyagiye ku rubanza. [7] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 19/07/2022, NYAMASWA Raphael yunganiwe na Me RUSANGANWA Jean Claude, naho BPR Plc ihagarariwe na Me NTWARI Justin, haburanishwa inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe na BPR Plc. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO 1. Gusuzuma niba Ubujurire bwa NYAMASWA Raphaël butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire [8] Harasuzumwa inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’uru Rukiko BPR Plc yatanze ishingiye ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa no kuba NYAMASWA Raphael yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. a. Ibyerekeye iburabubasha ry’uru Rukiko rishingiye ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa

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[9] Uhagarariye BPR Plc ashingiye ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya 2, agace ka 8, y’Itegeko No 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, avuga ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na NYAMASWA Rapahël butagomba kwakirwa kuko ikiburanwa kidafite agaciro kangana na 75.000.000 Frw gateganywa n’iyi ngingo. Asobanura ko ikirego NYAMASWA Raphaël yatanze ari icy’uko yishyuzwa amafaranga menshi, agasaba Urukiko kwemeza ko agomba kwishyura 11.586.300 Frw, bityo ikiburanwa akaba atari 138.771.000 Frw nk’uko NYAMASWA Raphaël abivuga. [10] NYAMASWA Raphael n’umwunganira bashingiye ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya 2, agace ka 8 y’Itegeko No 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, iteganya ko: ″Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite kandi ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare, iyo izo manza: 8° zagenwemo n’urukiko indishyi zingana nibura na 75.000.000 Frw cyangwa zifite agaciro kagenwe n’umucamanza mu gihe habaye impaka kangana na 75.000.000 Frw″, bavuga ubujurire bwe buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, kubera ko umwenda BPR Plc imwishyuza ivuga ko ungana na 138.771.000 Frw nk’uko bigaragazwa na permit to sale n⁰ 018- 023303 yatanzwe n’Umwanditsi Mukuru wa RDB ku wa 17/04/2018, akayishyikirizwa ku wa 19/04/2018, bityo ingano y’uwo mwenda ikaba irenze kure agaciro ka 75.000.000 Frw, itegeko riteganya. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 2, agace ka 8, y’Itegeko No 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya ibikurikira: “ ″Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite kandi ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare, iyo izo manza: 8° zagenwemo n’urukiko indishyi zingana nibura na 75.000.000 Frw cyangwa zifite agaciro kagenwe n’umucamanza mu gihe habaye impaka kangana na 75.000.000 Frw″. [12] Dosiye igaragaza ko NYAMASWA Raphael yaregeye Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko BPR Plc imwishyuza amafaranga y’umurengera, asaba n’indishyi zitandukanye. Avuga ko BPR Plc imwishyuza 138.771.000 Frw nyamara we ayisigayemo 11.586.300 Frw. Mu gika cya 8 cy’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi hagaragara ko Me NTWARI Justin avuga ko ku wa 17/04/2018, ubwo hatekerezwaga kugurisha ingwate, umwenda wari ugeze kuri 138.771.000 Frw ko kandi inyungu zakomeje kubarwa kuzageza ubwo azishyurira umwenda wose, ko kandi historique igaragaza umwenda NYAMASWA Raphael arimo. [13] Urukiko rurasanga impamvu NYAMASWA Raphael yaregeye Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ari uko atemerega umwenda wa 138.771.000 Frw, BPR Plc yamwishyuzaga, bivuze ko agaciro k’ikiburanwa atari 11.586.300 Frw nk’uko uhagarariye BPR Plc abivuga, kuko iyo kaza kuba ayo mafaranga, nta mpaka zari kubaho, nta nubwo NYAMASWA Raphael yari kuregera Urukiko; bityo iyi nzitizi yatanzwe na BPR Plc ishingiye ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa nta shingiro ifite; hakaba hagomba gusumwa inzitizi yo kuba NYAMASWA Raphael yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. b. Kumenya niba NYAMASWA Raphaël yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe

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[14] Uhagarariye BPR Plc avuga ko ubujurire bwa NYAMASWA Raphaël butagomba kwakirwa kuko yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Asobanura ko mu rubanza No RCOM 00235/2020/TC, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze nta bimenyetso NYAMASWA Rapahel ashingiraho agaragaza ko ashigaje kwishura BPR Plc 11.586.300 Frw nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 9 cy’urwo rubanza, maze rwemeza ko atsinzwe rushingiye ku ngingo ya 3 y’Itegeko n⁰15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo. [15] Avuga ko ibyo byagarutsweho mu No RCOMA 00477/2020/HCC rujuririrwa, aho mu gika cya 15 cyarwo, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze NYAMASWA Raphaël nta kimenyetso atanga kigaragaza ukuri kw’ ibyo aregera rushingiye ku ngingo ya 3 y’Itegeko n⁰15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, no ku ngingo ya 12 y’Itegeko N⁰ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, hanyuma mu gika cya 30 rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza N⁰ RCOM 00235/2020/TC. Bityo ko ubu bujurire butagomba kwakirwa ngo buburanishwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kubera ko NYAMASWA Raphael yatsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu nkiko zombi, aho zose zasanze nta bimenyetso atanga by’uko umwenda ashigaje kwishyura ungana na 11.586.300 Frw. [16] NYAMASWA Rapahel n’umwunganira bavuga ko iyi nzitizi nta shingiro ifite, kubera ko ibisobanuro inkiko zibanza zatanze ndetse n’ibyemezo zafashe bitandukanye. Bavuga ko mu gika cya 9 cy’urubanza No RCOM 00235/2020/TC, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwavuze ko atsinzwe kubera ko nta bimenyetso bidashyidikanywaho yarushyikirije byemeza ko umwenda ashigaje kwishyura ari 11.586.300 Frw, ko ariko mu gika cya 15 cy’urubanza No RCOMA 00477/2020/HCC rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu gufata icyemezo rwashingiye ku ngingo ya 12 y’Itegeko N⁰ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, no ku ngingo ya 3 y’Itegeko ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo. [17] Basobanura ko mu gika cya 16 cy’urubanza No RCOMA 00477/2020/HCC, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwavuze ko BPR Plc ari yo yagaragaje Historique ya Banki, kandi ari we wayitanze nk’ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko umwenda ashigaje kwishyura ungana na 11.586.300 Frw, rukitirira BPR Plc ikimenyetso cye, rugasoza ruvuga ko yagombaga gushyiraho umuhanga wo kuyivuguruza. Ko inkiko zombi zahunze inshingano mu gufata icyemezo ku cyaregewe, kuko mu rubanza No RCOM 00235/2020/TC Urukiko rutemeje ingano y’umwenda nk’uko bigaragara mu cyemezo rwafashe, kandi ari byo byari bigize ikibazo cya mbere kigomba gusuzumwa, no mu rubanza No RCOMA 00477/2020/HCC Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rugahunga inshingano yo kugaragaza ingano y’umwenda yagombaga kwishyura BPR Plc kandi byari biri mu kibazo cya mbere rwagombaga gusuzuma. Bityo ko kuba inkiko zombi zarafashe ibyezo ku bitararegewe, kandi ntizigaragaze ingano y’umwenda yagombaga kwishyura BPR Plc kandi ari cyo cyaregerwaga, zikayitirira ikimenyetso cya historique yatanze, no kuba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu gufata icyemezo rwarashingiye ku ngingo ya 12 y’Itegeko N⁰ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru itarashingiweho n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi bigaragaza ko atatsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [18] Bavuga kandi ko ku rwego rubanza yasabye Urukiko ko hashirwaho umuhanga kugira ngo azarufashe kugaragaza ukuri kw’icyaregewe, nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 11 cy’urubanza No

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RCOM 00235/2020/TC, maze mu gika cya 13 rugasanga atari ngombwa gushyiraho inzobere yo kugaragaza umwenda agomba kwishyura, ariko ko mu gika cya 16 cy’urubanza N⁰ RCOMA 00477/2020/HCC, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwavuze ko rwashyizeho inzobere ariko we akananirwa kuyishyura kubera impamvu za COVID -19. Bityo ko kuba kuri iyi ngingo inkiko zombi zarayifasheho ibyemezo bivuguruzanya, no kuba zombi zitarafashe icyemezo ku cyaregewe bigaragaza ko atatsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, ubujurire bwe bukaba buri mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [19] Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, iteganya ibikurikira: “Icyakora kandi ubujurire bwa kabiri ntibushobora kwakirwa ku manza z’ababuranye bemera ibyo baregwa, cyangwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe”. [20] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba impamvu zashingiweho umuburanyi atsindwa ku rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri ari zimwe, kigomba gusuzumwa hasesengurwa imikirize y’urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri, ingingo z‘ingenzi zasuzumwe, impamvu buri rukiko rwashingiyeho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo, byaramuka bigaragaye ko ari zimwe, ubujurire ntibube buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [21] Ku bijyanye n’ibisobanuro by‘impamvu zimwe, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’uru Rukiko zemeza ko impamvu zimwe zivugwa muri iyi ngingo zigomba kumvikana nk’ibisobanuro buri Rukiko rwashingiyeho mu gufata icyemezo cyarwo rugendeye ku byabaye no ku byo amategeko ateganya, ko impamvu ari zo zishingirwaho mu kugaragariza no gusobanurira ababuranyi icyatumye Urukiko rufata icyemezo, akaba ari nazo ziherwaho ababuranyi basuzuma niba imiburanire yabo yarasesenguwe n’Urukiko, bitewe n’uko buri cyemezo cy’Urukiko kigomba kuba cyasobanuriwe impamvu1. [22] Na none mu rubanza Nº RCOMAA 0048/16/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 19/05/2017, haburana RRA na SODAR Ltd2, urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ko mu gusuzuma ko impamvu zashingiweho umuburanyi atsindwa mu nkiko zombi ari zimwe, hatarebwa niba ibimenyetso ababuranyi batanze ku rwego rwa mbere ari byo byatanzwe no mu rwego rw’ubujurire, cyangwa ko zakoresheje amagambo amwe, ahubwo harebwa niba inkiko zombi zarashubije ku buryo bumwe ingingo zirebana n’ikiburanwa. [23] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza No RCOM 00235/2020/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 05/01/2021, NYAMASWA Raphael yareze BPR Plc avuga ko imwishyuza amafaranga y’umurengera, isaba n’indishyi zitandukanye. Urwo Rukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba NYAMASWA Raphael asigaje kwishyura BPR Plc 11.586.300 Frw n’icyo

1 Urubanza N◦ RCOMAA 0038/16/CS-RCOMAA 0033/2016/CS hagati ya Bank of Kigali Ltd na MULISA KANA Martin rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017, igika cya 21. Reba kandi igika cya 12 cy’urubanza rubanziriza urundi mu rubanza Nº RCOMAA 00010/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 15/03/2019, haburana KOPERATIVE DUKUNDUMURIMO (KOADU) na KING CONSTRUCTION AND SERVICE COMPANY (KICOSECA). 2 Reba igika cya 18 cy’urwo rubanza. Reba na none urubanza Urubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC hagati ya Road Solution Pavement Products na MAILCO Ltd, rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2020, igika cya 24.

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kumenya niba hashyirwaho inzobere yo kugaragaza ingano y’umwenda remezo n’inyungu zawo NYAMASWA Raphael abereyemo BPR Plc, hasuzumwa n’ikibazo cy’indishyi. [24] Mu rubanza No RCOMA 000477/2020/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 14/02/2022, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasuzumye ibibazo by’ingenzi bikurikira: kumenya niba Urukiko rutaragaragaje ingano y’umwenda remezo nyakuri n’inyungu zawo NYAMASWA akwiye kwishyura, n‘icyo kumenya niba umucamanza yaranze gushyiraho inzobere yo kugaragaza ingano y’umwenda remezo n’inyungu zawo. [25] Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba NYAMASWA Raphael asigaje kwishyura BPR Plc 11.586.300 Frw, mu gika cya 9 cy’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, Urukiko rwasanze nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho NYAMASWA Raphael yarushyikirije byemeza ko asigaje kwishyura umwenda uhwanye na 11.586.300 Frw, rwemeza ko ibyo avuga nta shingiro bifite. [26] Kuri iki kibazo, mu gika cya 15 cy’urubanza rwaciwe n‘Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, urwo Rukiko narwo rwasanze ubujurire bwa NYAMASWA Raphael butahabwa ishingiro, kuko ari we wareze kandi akaba ari we wari ufite inshingano yo kugaragaza ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho n’ukuri kw’ibyo aregera yabibura agatsindwa nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 12 y’itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi n’ingingo ya 3 y’itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo. [27] Urukiko rurasanga, kuri iki kibazo, NYAMASWA Raphael yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu yo kuba nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho yagaragaje byerekana ko yari asigaje kwishyura 11.586.300 Frw. [28] Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba Urukiko rwashyiraho inzobere yo kugaragaza ingano y’umwenda remezo n’inyungu zawo NYAMASWA Raphael akwiye kwishyura BPR Plc, Urukiko rw‘Ubucuruzi rwasanze atari ngombwa ko rushyiraho inzombere kuko urega yagombaga kuba yarayishyizeho agatanga ikirego ari uko ibyo inzobere yashyizeho yatangaje atabyumvikanyeho na BPR Plc, ko kuba atarabikoze, akaba abisaba mu iburanisha ry’urubanza ari amayeri yo gutinza kwishyura nk’uko BPR Plc ibivuga. [29] Kuri iki kibazo cyo gushyiraho inzobere, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, mu gika cya 22 cy’urubanza, narwo rwasanze nk’uko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwabibonye, bitahwabwa ishingiro, kuko kuba NYAMASWA Raphael atarabikoze mbere yo kurega, kubisaba byaba ari amayeri yo gutinza urubanza. [30] Urukiko rurasanga kuri kibazo, na none NYAMASWA Raphael yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje no kuba yaragamboga kuba yarashyizeho iyo nzombere mbere yo gutanga ikirego mu Rukiko, ko kandi kuba atarabikoze ari amayeri yo gutinza urubanza cyangwa gutinza kwishyura. [31] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga, NYAMASWA Raphael yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe; bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba butakiriwe, kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire.

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2. Kumenya niba indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza, amafaranga y’ikurikirana rubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka bisabwa muri uru rubanza bifite ishingiro [32] NYAMASWA Rapahel n’umwunganira bashingiye ku ngingo ya 111 y’itegeko N°22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko: “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”, basaba Urukiko gutegeka BPR Plc kumuha indishyi z’akababaro yatewe no kwitwa bihemu, gushyira umutungo we mu cyamunara no gushorwa mu manza z’amaherere zingana na 5.000.000 Frw, 3.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka ku nzego zose,1.500.000 Frw y’ikurikirarubanza ku nzego zose, na 110.000 Frw y’amagarama yatanzwe ku nzego zose, yose hamwe akaba 9.610.000 Frw. [33] Uhagarariye BPR Plc avuga ko indishyi za 9.610.000 Frw NYAMASWA Rapahel asaba nta shingiro zahabwa, kubera ko ari we wareze BPR Plc nta mpamvu. Avuga kandi ko asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka NYAMASWA Rapahel kumuha indishyi zingana na 8.500.000 Frw kubera imanza enye (4) zihutirwa yarezemo BPR Plc, ndetse n’uru rubanza kuva mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi kugera kuri uru rwego. [34] NYAMASWA Raphael yiregura kuri izi ndishyi BPR Plc isaba avuga ko nta shingiro zifite, kubera ko itagaragaza niba yaratakarije 8.500.000 Frw muri uru rubanza, no kuba aruzanamo imanza yamaze kwishyurwamo indishyi, ndetse ko indishyi zategetswe mu zindi manza adakwiye kuzizana muri uru rubanza. Ikindi kandi ngo nuko BPR Plc ari yo yashoye NYAMASWA Rapahel mu manza yanga kwemera umwenda yayigaragarije wari muri historique ya Banki. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [35] Urukiko rurasanga, usibye amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza asabwa na BPR Plc kuri uru rwego, indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza zitagomba gusuzumwa kuko urubanza rugarukiye ku nzitizi y’iburabubasha. [36] Rurasanga hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2016 ryo ku wa 28/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza, ko kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo, ko kandi gishobora kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe, BPR Plc ikwiye kuyahabwa, kuko byabaye ngombwa ko ishaka Avoka wo kuyiburanira; bityo mu bushishozi bwarwo, ruyigeneye 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, kuko ayo isaba ari menshi harebwe aho urubanza rugarukiye; akaba agomba gutangwa na NYAMASWA Raphael. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

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[37] Rwemeje ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe na BPR Plc, ifite ishingiro. [38] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa NYAMASWA Raphael butakiriwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [39] Rutegetse NYAMASWA Raphael kwishyura BPR Plc 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, yose hamwe akaba 700.000 Frw. [40] Ruvuze ko amagarama yatanzwe ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.