UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYAMINANI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYAMINANI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-07-25 - Case/document no.: RPAA 01375/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYAMINANI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 01375/2024/CA (Munyangeri, P.J.) 25 Nyakanga 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’Inshinjabyaha – Kongera kugabanya igihano – Iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo ari rwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n'uburemere bw'icyaha ndetse n'ingaruka zacyo ariko mu bujurire, umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n'umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo nabi mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nyaminani yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi busaba ko ahamwa n’icyaha agahanishwa igihano cy’imyaka 25. Nyaminani yaburanye ahakana icyaha. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Nyaminani ahamwa n'icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy'imyaka makumyabiri n'itanu (25). Nyaminani atishimiye icyemezo cy’Urukiko, yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi avuga ko ku rwego rwa mbere yaburanye ahakana icyaha, ko ariko kuri urwo rwego yiyemeje kuburana yemera icyaha, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano no kugisubika. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko imikirize y'urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse ku gihano gusa, rumuhanisha igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'umunani (18). Nyaminani yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15) hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n'inzego z'ubutabera, kuba yaremeye icyaha nta we ubimuhatiye, no kuba yicuza agasaba imbabazi. Ku rundi ruhande, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko kuba Nyaminani yarabanje guhakana icyaha akacyemerera ku rwego rw'ubujurire, yiyambuye uburenganzira bwo kugabanyirizwa igihano, bityo ko igihano Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwamuhanishije rugabanyije mu bushishozi bwarwo, ari cyo cyagumaho. Buvuga kandi ko igihano uregwa yahawe gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze bityo akaba ataganyirizwa igihano nkuko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA 00129/10/CS rwaciwe n'Urukiko rw'lkirenga ku wa 07/03/2014 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo ari rwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n'uburemere bw'icyaha ndetse n'ingaruka zacyo ariko mu bujurire, umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n'umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo nabi mu gutanga icyo gihano

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Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Nta mategeko yashingiweho

Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 00060/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Nsabimana Callixte bita Sankara na bagenzi be rwaciwe n'Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022, RPAA 00781/2024/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Demokarasi Paul rwaciwe n'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025, RPAA 00105/2023/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Kayiranga Abubakar rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/05/2024, RPAA 00584/2024/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Dusabe Pacifique rwaciwe n'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire ku wa 26/02/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y'URUBANZA [1] Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Nyaminani Damascene buvuga ko yakoreraga uwitwa Habimana Vincent akazi ko kumurangira inyama, hanyumä ku wa 17/10/2021 mu ma saa tatu zi ijoro (21h00) atäShye amuha umwana we wahawe amazina ya U.M.S ngo amugeze mu rugo, bageze mu nzira amukurura akaboko amujyana hepfo y'umuhanda amukuramo imyenda amusambanya ku gahato, uwitwa Nkurunziza Thomas atambutse hafi aho arabamurika Nyaminani Damascene amuva hejuru ariruka. Bwasabye ko ahanishwa igifungo cy'imyaka makumyabiri n'itanu (25). [2] Nyaminani Damascene yaburanye ahakana icyaha, avuga ko nta mwana bigeze bamuha ngo atahane, ko iby’amasohoro muganga yavuze ko yasanze mu gitsina cy'uwo mwana nta cyo abizihö. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00999/2021/TGl/KNG rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi ku wa 28/05/2024, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2, iya 65 n'iya 120 z'itegeko NO 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n'itangwa ryabyo ku mvugo za Nyaminani Damascène abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha, no ku mvugo z'abatangabuhamya, rwemeje ko Nyaminani Damascène ahamwa n'icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy'imyaka makumyabiri n'itanu (25). [4] Nyaminani Damascène yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, avuga ko ku rwego rwa mbere yaburanye ahakana icyaha, ko ariko kuri urwo rwego yiyemeje kuburana yemera icyaha, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano no kugisubika. [5] Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko kuba Nyaminani Damascène yaraburanye ku rwego rwa mbere ahakana icyaha, akaba acyemeye ku rwego rw'ubujurire, mu bushishozi bw'Urukiko rwamugabanyiriza igjhano, hashingiwe ku itegeko rishya rigenga ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange,

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[6] Mu rubanza RPA 00080/2024/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 28/11/2024, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 n'iya 14 z'itegeko NO 059/2023 ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange, ku mirongo yafashwe n'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA 00757/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/01/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bihoyiki Célestin, mu rubanza RPAA 00105/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/05/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Kayiranga Abubakar, mu rubanza RPAA 00384/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/01/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Innocent, ku kuba ari ubwa mbere Nyaminani Damascène akurikiranywe mu butabera mu buryo buzwi, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko imikirize y'urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse ku gihano gusa, rumuhanisha igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'umunani (18). [7] Ku wa 02/12/2024, Nyaminani Damascène yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw'Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RPAA 01375/2024/CA, nyuma y'imihango ntegurarubanza yose, hemezwa ko ruzaburanishwa ku wa 09/07/2025. [8] Uwo munsi ababuranyi bitabye Urukiko, Nyaminani Damascène yunganiwe na Me Shema Gerald, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Sibomana Stanislas, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw'lgihugu. [9] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Nyaminani Damascène n'umwunganira basaba uru Rukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15) hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n'inzego z'ubutabera, kuba yaremeye icyaha nta we ubimuhatiye, no kuba yicuza agasaba imbabazi. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Nyaminani Damascène nta shingiro bukwiye guhabwa kuko yiyambuye uburenganzira bwo kwemera icyaha mu gihe gikwiriye, ko no kuba Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwaramugabanyirije igihano, ari uko rwashingiye ku bushishozi bwarwo. [11] Nyuma y'izo mpaka, harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba igihano Nyaminani Damascène yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa II. ISESENGURA RY'IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba igihano Nyaminani Damascène yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa [12] Nyaminani Damascëne n'umwunganira basaba uru Rukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15) nk'uko biteganywa n'ingingo ya 2 (a) yjitegeko NO 059 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko NO 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange, ndetse n'ingingo ya 49 y'itegeko NO 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange, Basobanura ko kugabanyirizwa igihano yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa byakorwa hashingiwe ku bushishozi bw'Urukiko, ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba ari ubwa mbere Nyaminani Damascène akurikiranywe mu butabera, kuba yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, no kuba acyicuza akanagisabira imbabazi, kandi ko n'ubundi mu rubanza rujuririrwa Ubushinjacyaha bwari bwemeye ko agabanyirizwa igihano, ko ariko babona

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ataragabanyirijwe bihagije, ari yo mpamvu bakomeje gutakamba basaba ko yagabanyirizwa mu buryo buhagije. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko kuba Nyaminani Damascene yarabanje guhakana icyaha akacyemerera ku rwego rw'ubujurire, yiyambuye uburenganzira bwo kugabanyirizwa igihano, bityo ko igihano Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwamuhanishije rugabanyije mu bushishozi bwarwo, ari cyo cyagumaho na cyane ko nta nenge bagaragaza yaba iri mu rubanza rwajuririwe, ndetse ko igihano cy'igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'umunani (18) yahanishijwe kiri mu murongo (range) w'igiteganywa n'ingingo ya 2 y'itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga kandi ko asanga igihano Nyaminani Damascéne yahanishijwe gihuye n'uburemere bw'icyaha yakoze kandi ko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA 00129/10/CS rwaciwe n'Urukiko rw'lkirenga ku wa 07/03/2014 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, aho Urukiko rw'lkirenga rwasobanuye ko uregwa atongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano iyo mu bujurire urukiko rusanga yaragabanyirijwe bihagije harebwe uburemere bw'icyaha n'uburyo cyakozwemo, kandi nta cyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uwo murongo akaba ari na wo wakomejwe n'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA 00494/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ntawiheba Jean de Dieu bita Afande Gaturi. [15] Ku bijyanye no kuba Nyaminani Damascéne n'umwunganira basaba ko ahanishwa igifungo cy'imyakä cumi n'itanu (15), uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko itegeko riteganya ko iyo uregwa ahamijwe icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu hakaboneka impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igihano gito gishoboka ari igifungo kitajya munsi y'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15), kandi ko Urukiko rw'Ubujurire rwabitanzeho umurongo mu manza zitandukanye harimo RPAA 00281/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Kalisa Claude, RPAA 00466/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyahä na Shumbusho Erase na RPAA 00076/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Burindwi Jean Bosco, bityo ko gutanga igihano biri mu bushishozi bw'urukiko kuko itegeko ridategeka byanze bikunze gutanga igifungo cy'jmyaka cumi n'itanu (15), ko ahubwo icyo ritegeka umucamanza ari ukutajya munsi yayo, gutanga igihano cy'igifungo kiri hejuru y'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15) bikaba bitabujijwe. [16] Asoza avuga ko kuba umwana wasambanyijwe yari afite imyaka cumi n'umwe (11) y'amavuko naho Nyaminani Damascene afite imyaka cumi n'icyenda (19) y'amavuko, byumvikanisha ko yagombaga guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu, ko rero kuba yarahanishijwe igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'umunani (18), asanga nta yindi mpamvu uru Rukiko rwashingiraho rumugabanyiriza igihano Uko Urukiko rubibona [17] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba Nyaminani Damascene yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano yahanishijwe n'Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, kikaba igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15) aho kuba igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'umunani (18). [18] lbyerekeye ubujurire bugamije kugabanyirizwa igihano gusa byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n'Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana

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Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte bita Sankara na bagenzi be, ukaba uvuga ko iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo ari rwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n'uburemere bw'icyaha ndetse n'ingaruka zacyo ariko ko mu bujurire, umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n'umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo nabi mu gutanga icyo gihano1 . [19] Impaka nk'izi kandi zafashweho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA 00781/2024/CA rwaciwe n'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Demokarasi Paul. Muri urwo rubanza, Demokarasi Paul yaburanye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ahakana icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rwemeza ko kimuhama, rumuhanisha igifungo cy'imyaka makumyabiri n'itanu (25), ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru ariko mu gihe cyo kuburana yemera icyaha, agisabira imbabazi anasaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, ubujurire bwe ntibwahabwa ishingiro, agumishwa ku gihano cy’ igifungo cy'imyaka makumyabiri n'itanu (25). Mu Rukiko rw'Ubujurire, Urukiko rwamugabanyirije igihano ahanishwa igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15) hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha harimo kuba nta bindi byaha yigeze akurikiranwaho no kuba yarakoze icyaha ari bwo akigera mu myaka y'ubukure kukö yagikoze ari bwo yujuje imyaka cumi n'icyenda (19) y'amavuko2, akaba yarasambanyije umwana imyaka cumi n'umwe (11) y'amavuko. [20] Mu gika cya 11 cy'urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwasobanuye ko kuba Nyaminani Damascene yaremereye icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire, ntacyo byamumarira nk'impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Mu gika cya 12, rusobanura ko rusanga yagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku murongo wafashwe n'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA 00105/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/05/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Kayiranga Abubakar, uvuga ko no mu gihe urukiko rusanze impamvu z'ubujurire zidafite ishingiro, uregwa ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hitawe ku mahame ateganywa n'ingingo ya 49 y’itegeko NO 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange harimo uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite, n'uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, maze rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu butabera, rumuhanisha igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'umunani (18) aho kuba icy'imyaka makumyabiri n'itanu (25) yari yahanishijwe n'Urukiko rubanza. [21] Mu rubanza RPAA 00584/2024/CA rwaciwe n'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire ku wa 26/02/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Dusabe Pacifique, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere Dusabe Pacifique yari akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi ndetse akaba yaragikoze akiva mu busore kuko yari afite imyaka makumyabiri (20), agasambanya umwana w'imyaka icumi (10), no mu rwego rwo gutanga ibihano bisa ku bantu bakoze ibyaha bisa kandi bafite impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zisa, rwahinduye igihano cy'igifungo cy'imyaka makumyabiri (20) Urukiko Rukuru rwari rwahanishije Dusabe Pacifique, rumuhanisha igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15)3.

1 Reba urubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2022, igika cya 252-254. 2 Reba urubanza RPAA 00781/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 17/0412025, igika cya 19. 3 Reba urubanza N' RPAA 00584/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/02/2025, igika cya 23.

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[22] No muri uru rubanza, Nyaminani Damascäne yemereye icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana urubanza rugeze ku rwego rw'ubujurire, dosiye ikaba igaragaza ko umwana yasambanyije yari afite imyaka cumi n'umwe (11) y'amavuko, mu gihe we yari afite imyaka cumi n'icyenda (19) y'amavuko. Uru rukiko rukaba rusanga n'ubwo Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwamugabanyirije igihano, nta cyabuza uru Rukiko kongera kumugabanyiriza hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yo kuba yari asanzwe yitwara neza muri sosiyete, ndetse bikanakorwa mu rwego rwo gutanga ibihano bisa ku bantu bakoze ibyaha bisa kandi bafite impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zisa, nk'uko byafashweho umurongo mu rubanza rwavuzwe haruguru. [23] Hashingiwe rero ku bimaze gusobanurwa, no mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera busa ku bibazo bisa, uru Rukiko rurasanga kuba Nyaminani Damascène ari mu kigero kimwe n’icya Demokarasi Paul na Dusabe Pacifique baregwa mu manza zavuzwe haruguru, na we agomba guhabwa igihano nk'icyo bahanishijwe, kuko na we ari bwo yari akiva mu bwana afite imyaka cumi n'icyenda (19) y'amavuko, ndetse bose bakaba barasambanyije abana bari mu kigero kimwe, ni ukuvuga uw'imyaka icumi (10) y'amavuko n’ab'imyaka cumi n'umwe (11) y'amavuko. Bityo, Nyaminani Damascène akaba agomba guhanishwa igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15) gisimbura igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'umunani (18) yahanishijwe n'Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rusizi. III. ICYEMEZO CY'URUKIKO [24] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nyaminani Damascène, bufite ishingiro. [25] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00080/2024/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 28/11/2024, ruhindutse ku byerekeye igihano. [26] Ruhanishije Nyaminani Damascëne igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'itanu (15). [27] Ruvuze ko Nyaminani Damascène asonewe amagarama y'urubanza kubera ko aburana afunzwe.