Nyamwasa v Turikumwenimana

# Nyamwasa v Turikumwenimana

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2021-10-27 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC/00006/2020/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NYAMWASA v TURIKUMWENIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/RC/00006/2020/CA (Mukanyundo P.J., Munyangeri na Kamere J.) 27 Ukwakira 2021] Itegeko ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza – agaciro k’inyandiko – inyandiko itari umwimerere – Ntabwo buri gihe Inyandiko idafite umwimerere iteshwa agaciro ahubwo hagomba gushakwa ibindi bimenyetso biyishimangira, Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, Ingingo ya 35 Incamake y’ikibazo: Urubanza rwatangiye Nyamwasa arega Turikumwenimana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma avuga ko yaguze inzu na Hakizimana mu mwaka wa 1998 iherereye Nyagasambu, ayisigamo Turikumwenimana, we ajya kwiga aho agarukiye nyuma y’igihe amusaba kuyivamo undi arabyanga ahubwo nawe akavuga ko yayiguze mu mwaka wa 1999 ndetse ko yayivuguruye ndetse ayibaruzaho akaba atumva ukuntu Nyamwasa aza kuburana iyo nzu hashize imyaka 21 ayiguze ndetse akaba ataranatambamiye kuyiyandikishaho. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwemeje ko inzu iburanwa ari iya Nyamwasa. Turikumwenimana yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye, rwashingiye ku nyandiko ya kopi itagira umwimerere, itanafite ibindi bimenyetso biyishyigikira, rwirengagiza ko mu masezerano y’ubugure yo muri 1999 yaguriyeho inzu, Nyamwasa ari we wari umwanditsi. Nyamwasa yiregura avuga ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. Urukiko Rukuru, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Turikumwenimana bufite ishingiro, ko Nyamwasa atsinzwe, rumutegeka guha Turikumwenimana indishyi. Nyamwasa ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo, yandikira Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire, amusaba gusuzuma akarengane yagiriwe mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru urugereko rwa Rwamagana, kugira ngo niba bishoboka rwongere ruburanishwe. Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, amubwira ko mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru hashobora kuba harabayemo akarengane maze nawe yemeza ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, arwohereza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire ngo ruruburanishe. Turikumwenimana n’umwunganira bavuga ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana nta karengane karimo kuko inzu ari Turikumwenimana wayiguze agakomeza kugenda ayivugurura. Incamake y’icyemezo:1. Ntabwo buri gihe Inyandiko idafite umwimerere iteshwa agaciro ahubwo hagomba gushakwa ibindi bimenyetso biyishimangira. Bityo, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya, gusesengura dosiye ndetse n’ibimenyetso bicukumbuye ni bimwe urukiko rwakwifashisha mu kumenya ukuri kw’inyandiko idafite umwimerere. 2. Iyo umuntu yigaruriye umutungo utimukanwa w’undi mu buriganya kandi yarawongereye agaciro ashobora kubitangira indishyi. Bityo Umuburanyi ashobora gusaba Urukiko gutegeka uwigaruriye

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umutungo we indishyi zitandukanye zibarwa mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko hashingiwe ku gihe amaranye uwo umutungo, iyo yifuza kuwugumana. Gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane bifite ishingiro Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, Ingingo ya 35, 4, 9, 62, 65 Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi’ iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 9, 111 Imanza zifashishijwe. RCAA 00032/2016/SC rwa Nishimwe Claudine na Mashami Gisèle baburana na Mugenga Joseph rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/09/2019. Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe Christian LARROUMET, Droit Civil, Les Biens, Droits réels Principaux, 5ème Ed., T.II, Paris, ECONOMICA ,2006, p. 311-312. Patrice JOURDAIN, Droit Civil, Les biens, Paris, Dalloz, 1995, p.282 Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Nyamwasa Ephrem avuga ko ku wa 25/09/1998, yaguze inzu iherereye mu Kagari ka Nyagasambu, Umurenge wa Mununu, mu cyahoze ari Komine Gikoro, ubu hakaba ari mu Mudugudu wa Rambura, Akagari ka Nyagasambu, Umurenge wa Fumbwe, Akarere ka Rwamagana, Intara y'Iburasirazuba, akaba yarahaguze n’uwitwa Hakizimana Frédéric ku mafaranga ibihumbi mirongo icyenda (90.000Frw), aho yabanje kumwishyura amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo ine (40.000Frw), bakumvikana ko amafaranga asigaye azayamuha nyuma y’ukwezi. Avuga ko byabaye ngombwa ko ajya i Kigali kwiga, inzu ayisigamo uwitwa Turikumwenimana Emmanuel bari basanzwe babana, avuyeyo amusaba kuyivamo, atungurwa nuko amubwiye ko yamusubiza amafaranga yayiguze. Avuga kandi ko bari bumvikanye ko bayigura akamuha amafaranga ibihumbi magana ane (400.000Frw), ariko akomeza kumunaniza ntiyayamuha bituma afata icyemezo cyo kujyana ikibazo mu nkiko. [2] Turikumwenimana Emmanuel avuga ko iriya nzu iburanwa ari iye kuko yayiguze kandi akagenda ayivugurura, bikaba bitumvikana ukuntu Nyamwasa Ephrem nyuma y’imyaka 21 yatanga ikirego avuga ko inzu ari iye kandi harabayeho ibarura ry’umutungo utimukanwa ntatambamire uyu mutungo. Avuga kandi ko kuva baburana mu Nzego z’Ibanze, aya masezerano yo ku wa 25/09/1998,

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atigeze agaragazwa ahubwo yayavuze kandi agaragaza kopi yayo bageze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma. [3] Mu rubanza RC00198/2017/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe ku wa 26/03/2018, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwemeje ko inzu iburanwa ari iya Nyamwasa Ephrem, ko amafaranga y'igihembo cya Avoka, ay'ikurikiranarubanza n'ay'ubukode bw'inzu Nyamwasa Ephrem asaba adakwiye kuyahabwa, ko indishyi Turikumwenimana Emmanuel asaba nawe adakwiye kuzihabwa. Rutegeka Turikumwenimana Emmanuel gusubiza Nyamwasa Ephrem amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo itanu (50.000Frw) yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama arega. [4] Turikumwenimana Emmanuel yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye, mu guca urubanza rwashingiye ku nyandiko ya kopi itagira umwimerere, itanafite ibindi bimenyetso biyishyigikira, rwirengagiza ko mu masezerano y’ubugure yo ku wa 27/05/1999 yaguriyeho inzu, Nyamwasa Ephrem ari we wabaye umwanditsi wayo. [5] Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwaciye urubanza RCA00033/2018/HC/RWG ku wa 30/10/2018, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Turikumwenimana Emmanuel bufite ishingiro, ko Nyamwasa Ephrem atsinzwe, rumutegeka guha Turikumwenimana Emmanuel indishyi z’akababaro zingana na miliyoni imwe (1.000.000Frw), n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atandatu na mirongo itanu (650.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [6] Nyamwasa Ephrem ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo, yandikira Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire, amusaba gusuzuma akarengane yagiriwe muri urwo rubanza, kugira ngo igihe byaba byemejwe ko harimo akarengane rwongere ruburanishwe. [7] Ku wa 17/07/2020, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, amubwira ko mu icibwa ry’urubanza RCA00033/2018/HC/RWG ryo ku wa 30/10/2018, hashobora kuba harabayemo akarengane maze nawe yemeza ko urubanza RCA00033/2018/HC/RWG rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, arwohereza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo azabe ari rwo rwongera kuruburanisha, ruhabwa RS/INJUST/RC 00006/2020/CA. [8] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryashyizwe ku wa 23/02/2021, Nyamwasa Ephrem yitabye yunganiwe na Me Twagiramungu Callixte, naho Turikumwenimana Emmanuel yunganiwe na Me Nkubayingoga Samuel. [9] Me Twagiramungu Callixte wunganira Nyamwasa Ephrem avuga ko nyuma y’uko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ruciye urubanza RCA00033/2018/HC/RWG yasanze harimo akarengane kuko ibimenyetso yarushyikirije rwabyitiriye Turikumwenimana Emmanuel, naho ibyatanzwe na Turikumwenima Emmanuel rukabimwitirira nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 29 cy’urwo rubanza aho rwavuze ko hari amasezerano y’ubugure abiri ku nzu imwe iburanwa, ko Hakizimana Frédéric, wagurishije inzu, yemera ayo ku wa 27/05/1999 kandi atari byo, kuko ayo yemera ari ayo ku wa 25/09/1998, ari nayo Urukiko rwitiriye Turikumwenimana Emmanuel kandi yaratanzwe na Nyamwasa Ephrem. Anavuga kandi ko Urukiko rutagombaga gushingira ku mvugo z’umutangabuhamya witwa Turatsinze kuko atabaga aho ikiburanwa kiri.

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[10] Me Nkubayingoma Samuel avuga ko kuba Urukiko rwaranyuranyije amatariki abiri, rwitiranya amasezerano yo ku wa 27/05/1999 n’andi yo ku wa 25/09/1998, ko atari inenge kuko rwashingiye ku byari biyakubiyemo by’uko amasezerano yo ku wa 27/05/1999, umugore wa Hakizimana Frédéric yayasinyeho kandi n’umutangabuhamya Turatsinze akaba yarayasinyeho, ko kandi nta na hamwe Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwigeze rugaragaza ko amasezerano yakozwe na Turikumwenimana Emmanuel ari yo yakozwe mbere, ko ahubwo rwagaragaje ko nyuma y’uko Turikumwenimana Emmanuel aguze iyo nzu, habayeho umupango hagati ya Hakizimana Frédéric na Nyamwasa Ephrem, aho bahimbye amasezerano yo ku wa 25/09/1998. [11] Me Nkubayingoga Samuel n’uwo yunganira Turikumwenimana Emmanuel basabye ko inyandiko yo ku wa 27/05/1999 yapimwa ikagereranywa n’inyandiko yo ku wa 02/02/2017, Nyamwasa Ephrem yanditse ahagarariye umubyeyi we, ko ikiguzi cyo gupimisha inyandiko bazacyishyura maze bazatsinda bakazayasubizwa. Urukiko rero rwasabye Nyamwasa Ephrem gushaka inyandiko yanditse mbere yo ku wa 27/05/1999, kugira ngo zizagereranwe n’inyandiko igibwaho impaka. Iburanisha ryimuriwe ku wa 14/04/2021, kugira ngo hiyambazwe umuhanga wo gupima inyandiko zigibwaho impaka. [12] Ku wa 23/03/2021, Urukiko rwandikiye Laboratwari y’u Rwanda y’ibimenyetso bya gihanga byifashishwa mu butabera/Kigali Forensic Laboratory (KFL) kugenzura inyandiko yo ku wa 25/09/1998 ko itaba yaranditswe nyuma y’iyo tariki, inyandiko y’amasezerano yo ku wa 27/05/1999 ikagereranywa n’iyo ku wa 28/02/2017 ndetse n’iyo ku wa 02/02/2017, ikanasuzuma kandi ko inyandiko yo ku wa 28/11/2018 idafitanye isano n’iyo ku wa 28/02/2017 n’iyo ku wa 02/02/2017. [13] Ku wa 06/04/2021, Laboratwari y’u Rwanda y’ibimenyetso bya gihanga byifashishwa mu butabera (KFL) yakoreye Turikumwenimana Emmanuel fagitire igaragaza ikiguzi cy’amafaranga agomba kwishyurwa angana na 466.200Frw, kugira ngo hakorwe igenzura ku nyandiko Urukiko rwayimenyesheje. Ku wa 14/04/2021, Urukiko rwasubukuye iburanisha ariko urubanza rurasubikwa, iburanisha ryimurirwa ku wa 24/05/2021 kugira ngo Turikumwenimana Emmanuel abanze yishyure ikiguzi cyo gupimisha inyandiko cyatanzwe na KFL na Nyamwasa Ephrem atange inyandiko yasabwe. [14] Ku wa 20/05/2021, Laboratwari y’u Rwanda y’ibimenyetso bya gihanga byifashishwa mu butabera (KFL) yandikiye Urukiko irumenyesha raporo ku ipimwa z’inyandiko yashyikirijwe hagati y’imyandikire yo ku wa 27/05/1999, iyi akaba ari amasezerano y’ubugure ya Turikumwenimana Emmanuel avuga ko yanditswe na Nyamwasa Ephrem (Q1), iyo ku wa 02/02/2021 (Q2) n’iyo ku wa 28/02/2017 (Q3) igibwaho impaka, ndetse n’imyandikire itagibwaho impaka (N1) n’iyandikishijwe kuri KFL imbere y’umwanditsi w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire (S1 kugeza kuri S4). Iyo raporo ikaba yaragaragaje ko imyandikire igibwaho impaka (Q1, Q 2, Q3) itandukanye n’imyandikire itagibwaho impaka ya Nyamwasa Ephrem (N1) n’iyandikishijwe kuri KFL imbere y’umwanditsi w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire (S1 kugeza kuri S4). [15] Mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 24/05/2021, nyuma yo kumva imiburanire y’ababuranyi bombi n’icyo bavuga kuri raporo yakozwe na Laboratwari y’u Rwanda y’ibimenyetso bya gihanga byifashishwa mu butabera (KFL) ku ipimwa ry’imikono, rwabamenyesheje ko isomwa ry’urubanza rizaba ku wa 25/06/2021. Igihe Urukiko rwasuzumaga urubanza mu mwiherero, rwasanze bikigoye

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kumenya nyiri inzu iburanwa hagati ya Nyamwasa Ephrem na Turikumwenimana Emmanuel rwemeza ko mbere yo gufata icyemezo cya burundu, rusanga ari ngombwa kugera aho ikiburanwa kiri maze rukibariza abatangabuhamya bazi amateka y’inzu iburanwa, harimo Hakizimana Frédéric, umugore we, Abayobozi b’Inzego z’Ibanze b’aho hantu ndetse n’abandi bose bafite ubuhamya bufitanye isano n’ikiburanwa, ruvuga ko iperereza rizakorwa ku wa 22/09/2021, saa yine n’igice za mu gitondo, ababuranyi bose bahari. [16] Urukiko rwakoze iperereza ku wa 22/09/2021, iburanisha ryongera gufungurwa ku wa 06/10/2021, kugira ngo ababuranyi bagire icyo bavuga ku byavuye mu iperereza, Nyamwasa Ephrem yunganiwe na Me Twagiramungu Callixte, Turikumwenimana Emmanuel yunganiwe na Me Nkubayingoga Samuel. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO Kumenya amasezerano akwiye guhabwa agaciro kugira ngo hamenyekane uwaguze inzu iburanwa hagati ya Nyamwasa Ephrem na Turikumwenimana Emmanuel. [17] Mu nyandiko Nyamwasa Ephrem yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire amugezaho akarengane yagiriwe mu cyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, yagaragaje ko urubanza rwe rwatangiriye mu nteko y'abaturage bari barimo n’abari bahari agura iyo nzu na Hakizimana Frédéric, maze bose bakemeza ko atsinze. Ko kandi no mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma ari uko byagenze, ariko ko byageze mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, urwo Rukiko rukemeza ko atsinzwe kubera ko yiyemereye ko iyo nzu yayisizemo Turikumwenimana Emmanuel, ko atari byo Urukiko rwari gushingiraho gusa ngo rwemeze ko iyo nzu ari iye, mu gihe Nyamwasa Ephrem yari yamusize mu bye. [18] Nyamwasa Ephrem avuga ko inzu iburanwa ari iye, ko yayiguze mu masezerano yo ku wa 25/09/1998, ko raporo yakozwe na Laboratwari y’u Rwanda y’ibimenyetso bya gihanga byifashishwa mu butabera (KFL) yagaragaje ko inyandiko ziri ku yandi masezerano y’ubugure bwakozwe na Turikumwenimana Emmanuel ntaho zihuriye n’umukono we kandi bavuga ko yaba yarabyanditse, bityo ayo masezerano bavuga yo ku wa 27/05/1999 akaba atahabwa agaciro, ahubwo ko ayahabwa agaciro ari aye. Avuga kandi ko niyo ayo masezerano yaba yarabayeho atahabwa agaciro kuko yakozwe Nyamwasa Ephrem yaramaze kugura, icyo gihe hakaba harabaye kugurisha ikintu cy’undi. Avuga ko kuba Laboratwari y’u Rwanda y’ibimenyetso bya gihanga byifashishwa mu butabera (KFL) yaremeje ko ntaho ahuriye n’amasezerano yo ku wa 27/05/1999, yumva ikibazo cyaramaze gukemuka ; bityo agasaba Urukiko kwemeza ko inzu iburanwa ari iye. [19] Me Twagiramungu Callixte wunganira Nyamwasa Ephrem, avuga ko bemeranwa n’ibyakozwe n’abahanga kuko ntaho Nyamwasa Ephrem ahuriye n’ariya masezerano bavuga ko yagizemo uruhare bitewe n’uko ayo yemera ari ayo ku wa 25/09/1998, yagizemo uruhare kandi ari nayo yakoze agura iriya nzu iburanwa. [20] Mu mwanzuro we, Me Twagiramungu Callixte wunganira Nyamwasa Ephrem avuga ko nyuma y’uko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ruciye urubanza RCA00033/2018/HC/RWG yasanze ibimenyetso yarushyikirije rwarabyitiriye Turikumwenimana Emmanuel, naho ibyatanzwe na Turikumwenima Emmanuel rukabimwitirira nk’uko bigaragara mu

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gika cya 29 cy’urwo rubanza aho rwavuze ko hari amasezerano y’ubugure abiri ku nzu imwe iburanwa, ko Hakizimana Frédéric, wagurishije inzu, yemera ayo ku wa 27/05/1999 kandi atari byo, ko ahubwo ayo yemera ari ayo ku wa 25/09/1998, ari nayo Urukiko rwitiriye Turikumwenimana Emmanuel kandi yaratanzwe na Nyamwasa Ephrem. [21] Akomeza avuga ko umutangabuhamya witwa Turatsinze atari gushingirwaho kuko adatuye aho ikiburanwa kiri, akaba atarigeze akora umurimo w’ubufundi cyangwa ikiyede kuri iyo nzu maze ngo abe azi ibyayo. Naho ku bijyanye no kuba umugore wa Hakizimana Frédéric yarasinye ku masezerano yo ku wa 27/05/1999, nta gaciro byahabwa kuko bavuga ko Turikumwenimana Emmanuel ari we wayamushyiriye akayasinyaho, amazina y’uwo mugore akaba atavugwa, kandi akaba yaratandukanye n’umugabo we cyera, byumvikana ko nta kuntu yari gusinya kuri ayo masezerano. [22] Turikumwenimana Emmanuel avuga ko iriya nzu iburanwa ari iye kuko yayiguze kandi akagenda ayivugurura, bikaba bitumvikana ukuntu Nyamwasa Ephrem nyuma y’imyaka 21 yatanga ikirego avuga ko inzu ari iye kandi harabayeho ibarura ry’umutungo utimukanwa ntatambamire uyu mutungo. Avuga kandi ko kuva baburana mu Nzego z’Ibanze, aya masezerano yo ku wa 25/09/1998, atigeze agaragazwa, ko ahubwo yayavuze kandi ayagaragaza bageze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma, kandi nabwo akerekana kopi yayo. [23] Me Nkubayingoga Samuel wunganira Turikumwenimana Emmanuel avuga ko umukiriya we afite ibyangombwa bibanziriza ibyemezo by’ubutaka, ko hari aho yabaruje ubutaka ariko impamvu nta cyangombwa cy’ubutaka cya burundu afite ari uko icyari giteganyijwe gukorerwa kuri ubwo butaka cyahinduwe kuko havuye mu miturire hakajya mu bucuruzi. [24] Mu mwanzuro watanzwe na Me Nkubayingoga Samuel avuga ko Urukiko rwanyuranyije amatariki abiri, rwitiranya amasezerano yo ku wa 27/05/1999 n’andi yo ku wa 25/09/1998, ko atari inenge kuko rwashingiye ku byari biyakubiyemo by’uko amasezerano yo ku wa 27/05/1999, umudamu wa Hakizimana Frédéric yayasinyeho, ariko ayo ku wa 25/09/1998 akaba atarayasinyeho, no kuba hari umutangabuhamya witwa Turatsinze wagaragaje ko ayo masezerano yayasinyeho, ko kandi ubwo yandikwaga umugore wa Hakizimana Frédéric atari ahari, ko ahubwo bayamushyiriye mu rugo akayasinya, ndetse uwo mudamu akaba yarabyemereye imbere y’Urukiko. Akaba asanga icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana nta nenge gifite, urubanza RCA00033/2018/HC/RWG rukaba rutagomba gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. [25] Me Nkubayingoga Samuel avuga kandi ko nta na hamwe Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwigeze rugaragaza ko amasezerano yakozwe na Turikumwenimana Emmanuel ari yo yakozwe mbere, ko ahubwo rwagaragaje ko nyuma y’uko Turikumwenimana Emmanuel aguze iyo nzu, habayeho umupango hagati ya Hakizimana Frédéric na Nyamwasa Ephrem, aho bahimbye amasezerano yo ku wa 25/09/1998, kuko aho baburaniye hose bagaragaje ko ayo masezerano ntayo bafite, bakayakomozaho mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma ariko bakavuga ko inyandiko y’umwimerere yaburiye muri iyo nzu, akaba yarabonye kopi yayo ayihawe na Hakizimana Frédéric baguze iyo nzu. [26] Urukiko rumaze kumva imiburanire y’ababuranyi b’impande zombi, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 100 y’Itegeko Nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo,

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iteganya ko Urukiko rushobora kwemeza kujya aho ikiburanwa kiri, ku wa 25/06/2021, rwafashe mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi icyemezo cyo kujya aho ikiburanwa kiri, maze ku wa 22/09/2021, inteko iburanisha urubanza ifashijwe n’umwanditsi w’Urukiko, yerekeza mu Mudugudu wa Rambura, Akagari ka Nyagasambu, Umurenge wa Fumbwe, Akarere ka Rwamagana, Intara y’Iburasirazuba, ibaza abatangabuhamya bavuga ko hari icyo bazi ku kiburanwa ndetse n’ababuranyi bombi bagira ibyo babazwa, inirebera kandi ikiburanwa uko giteye. Nyuma yo kubahiriza ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 67 na 69 y’Itegeko Nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryavuzwe haruguru1, Urukiko rwumvise abatangabuhamya Hakizimana Frédéric, Rutaremara Valens, Rutagarama Egide, Butera Claude, Mugiraneza Ephrem, Bizimungu Jean Bosco, Rwigamba François (akaba ari n’Umuyobozi w’Umudugudu wa Rambura). [27] Igihe Urukiko rwari ruri aho ikiburanwa kiri, Nyawasa Ephrem yarubwiye ko yaregeye inkiko asaba kugira ngo zimuheshe uburenganzira ku nzu ye kuko yagerageje inzira zose kugira ngo Turikumwenimana Emmanuel ayimusubize bikanga, ko yayimusigiye amaze kugurisha indi yabagamo (yari iruhande rw’iyi iburanwa) akajya gutura i Kabuga kuko yari umwana muto amufata nk’umwana we akaba ari na we ngo wanamusabiye ajya kurongora. Akomeza avuga ko impamvu yatinze kugaruka kuza kureba inzu ari uko yafataga Turikumwenimana Emmanuel nk’umwana we akaba atarashakaga kumukura mu nzu huti huti cyane ko bari baremeranyije ko azayigura akamuha 400.000Frw, ko ariko yagiye ayamusaba akayamwima ari naho yarigishije inyandiko zose z’amasezerano y’ubugure yari yaragiranye n’uwitwa Hakizimana Frédéric, nuko bikaba ngombwa ko yitabaza ubuyobozi ndese n’inkiko. [28] Yavuze ko yigeze kumwigishiriza abana, Urukiko rumubaza impamvu yabikoze kandi yaramwimye inzu ye., nuko arusobanurira ko yagira ngo arebe nibura ko hari agapapuro na kamwe yazabona ariko bikanga. Ikindi yavuze ni uko Turikumwenimana Emmanuel yavuguruye inzu mu mwaka wa 2008, ko we uretse ibihumbi 90 yayiguze nta yandi mafaranga yayishyizeho, ko ariko muri 2001 ubwo yasabaga Turikumwenimana Emmanuel ko yamuha amafaranga bumvikanye akabikora ikibazo cyari guhita kirangira, kuba rero yarabyanze arasaba ko yamusubiza inzu ye ndetse hakanarebwa n’imyaka 22 ayimazemo kandi we ariho asembera, akodesha aho yaba. [29] Turikumwenimana Emmanuel we yabwiye Urukiko ko atigeze abana na Nyamwasa Ephrem, ko inzu yayibayemo kuva 1998 ataranayigura akaza kuyigura ku wa 27/05/1999, akayirongoreramo mu kwezi ka 4/2000 naho Nyamwasa Ephrem akaba yaragurishije mu kwezi kwa 5/2000, ko rero ibyo avuga ko inzu atari iye atari byo kuko n’ubuyobozi bwamusabye ibyangombwa arabyerekana. Akomeza avuga ko ibyo Nyamwasa Ephrem avuga ko yamusabye ko bumvikana akamwishyura, nta byabayeho ko ari ibyo avuga mu rubanza gusa. Yasobanuye uko yishyuye amafaranga yaguze inzu, ko ku nshuro ya mbere yahaye Hakizimana Frédéric 70.000Frw, ubwa kabiri 10.000Frw , ayaha umugore we w’isezerano bari banari kumwe, andi 10.000Frw akaba yarayamwihereye. Yasoje 1 Ingingo ya 67: Mbere yo kuvuga ibyerekeye urubanza, buri mutangabuhamya abanza kuvuga ibintu bikurikira kandi umwanditsi w’urukiko akabyandika yitonze: umwirondoro n’aho abarizwa akabivuga ntacyo asize, isano cyangwa ubushyingirane yaba afitanye n’umwe mu baburanyi bya hafi cyangwa bya kure, ihuriro rye n’ubutegekane yaba afitanye n’umwe mu baburanyi, n’indi mpamvu yose ishobora gutuma yekekwaho kugira aho abogamira mu mvugo ye. Ingingo ya 69: Umutangamuhamya urahijwe arahirira kuvugisha ukuri ashyize ukuboko kw’iburyo hejuru agira ati: “Ndahiriye kuvugisha ukuri. Nindamuka mbeshye nzabihanirwe n’amategeko.”

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ahakana ko atigeze ajyana na Nyamwasa Ephrem kwishyura kuko iyo bajyana aba yarasinye no mu bagabo. [30] Umutangabuhamya witwa Hakizimana Frédéric wagurishije inzu iburanwa muri uru rubanza, akaba yaranabajijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana2 ndetse akanarwandikira atanga ubuhamya mu Rukiko, mu iperereza yavuze ko aho inzu iburanwa, ari mudugudu wubatswe n’umushinga ADAP, wari ukuriwe n’uwitwa Manirakiza Isaac, we akaba yari ashinzwe Stock. Avuga ko wari Umudugudu w’abantu bose, umuntu yasabwaga gusa kubumba amatafari bakamuha ikibanza, amabati n’inzugi. We akaba yari yungirije maître maçon witwaga Kabango Alfred, akaba yari afite inzu ebyiri. Abajijwe uwo bari baturanye, yavuze ko ari Nyamwasa Ephrem, ko we iyo nzu atigeze ayituramo ahubwo ko yayubakaga agira ngo azayigurishe maze agaruze amafaranga y’amatafari yayishyizeho. [31] Avuga ko inzu yayigurishije Nyamwasa Ephrem ari kumwe na Turikumwenimana Emmanuel kuko babanaga mu nzu yo ku ruhande, bakaba barazanye bamubwira ko bashaka kugura inzu ye, akaba yibuka ko Turikumwenimana Emmanuel banakoranaga ari umuyede we. Asobanura ko ubwa mbere yamuhaye 40.000Frw, ubwa kabiri amuha 20.000Frw, ubwa gatatu akamuha 10.000Frw, amusigaramo 20.000Frw. Akavuga ko bagiye bayamwishyura nabi. Yabajijwe niba baba barafatanyije, avuga ko ari uko bahoranaga, ko igihe cyose babaga bari kumwe, ko uwo yagurishije ari Nyamwasa Ephrem akaba yarazaga kumwishyura ari hamwe na Turikumwenimana Emmanuel. [32] Akomeza avuga ko Nyamwasa Ephrem yaje amubwira ko agiye kurega Turikumwenimana Emmanuel kubera yamuhuguje inzu ye, amubajije impamvu we atamwishyura amafaranga yamusigayemo, amubwira ko agiye kuyashaka akayamuha, nibwo yagiye kureba Turikumwenimana Emmanuel akamusaba gusubiza Nyamwasa Ephrem inzu ye, undi ntibyagira icyo bimubwira ahubwo aramubwira ngo namureke azajye kumurega aho ashaka. [33] Yasobanuye ko abantu bazi ubugure bwe na Nyamwasa Ephrem ari Kavamahanga na maître maçon (Kabango Alfred), undi akaba ari Nsengimana Félicien we ariko ko yapfuye. Yakakanye akomeje ko atigeze asinya ku masezerano ya Turikumwenimana Emmanuel, ko n’umugore we bavuga ko yayasinyeho atari byo kuko bari barananiranwe batakibana n’iby’iyo nzu akaba nta n’ibyo yari azi. Abajijwe uko Nyamwasa Ephrem yagiye amwishyura, yasobanuye ko yamuhaye bwa mbere ibihumbi 40 bakimara gusinya bavuye mu kazi bari kw’ibaraza, ubwa kabiri akamuha ibihumbi 20 akayamuzanira mu rugo ari wenyine nta muntu uhari, ubwa gatatu akamuha ibihumbi 10 mu ntoki akaba atibuka aho yayamuhereye ari nabwo ngo yahitaga abura ntiyongere kumubona. [34] Abajijwe igihe amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri (20.000Frw), Nyamwasa Ephrem yari amusigayemo aho yayamuhereye, avuga ko yayamuhaye ubwo yari aje kumubwira ko afitanye ikibazo na Turikumenimana Emmanuel akamusaba ko agomba kubanza kumwishyura, nyuma aza kuyamuha akayamuha bari bonyine, ko ariko atibuka aho yayamuhereye kuko ariwe wamushakaga bitewe nuko ariwe wari umukeneye, akaba ntaho banditse ayo mafranga ya nyuma ko ariko ayo yamuhaye mbere bandikaga ku gipapuro cy’ubugure cyatahanwaga na Nyamwasa Ephrem. Abajijwe na none niba yarakurikiranaga ibibera ku nzu ye cyane ko Nyamwasa Ephrem yari yaragiye atarangije kumwishyura, yasubije ko atahabaga yari yarahunze aba i Rwamagana kubera 2 Reba urubanza N° RCA 00033/2018/HC/RWG, igika cya 24, agace ka 1

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amakimbirane yari afitanye n’umugore we. Yasoje avuga ko ikibazo kiri hagati ya Nyamwasa Ephrem na Turikumenimana Emmanuel bakiziranyeho babishatse bagikemura. [35] Umutangabuhamya witwa Rutaremara Valens, yavuze ko uko azi ibintu, ari uko ADAP yubaka uwo Mudugudu nawe abizi kuko nawe ari mu bawuhawemo inzu, avuga ko Nyamwasa Ephrem yari umufundi yubaka amazu, Hakizimana Frédéric akora muri stock, ko ariko uko Turikumwenimana Emmanuel yamenyanye na Nyamwasa Ephrem atabizi. Avuga ko ibya Nyamwasa abyumviye aha, ko Turikumwenimana Emmanuel yamubwiye ko yaguze na Hakizimana Frédéric inzu arayivugurura, ko ariko ibyo kubana kwa Nyamwasa Ephrem na Turikumwenimana Emmanuel byo atabizi. [36] Umutangabuhamya witwa Rutagarama Egide nawe wabajijwe mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana3, yavuze ko icyo azi ari uko Nyamwasa Ephrem na Turikumwenimana Emmanuel babanaga bakiri abaseribateri (ingaragu) umwe ari umuyede w’undi, ko aya mazu yubatswe na ADAP muri 1997, ko ariko uko baje kugura atabizi, akaba atanazi ukuntu Hakizimana Frédéric amuvuga atarigeze amubona, ko atazi n’uburyo bamushyize mu masezerano ya Turikumwenimana Emmanuel. [37] Umutangabuhamya witwa Butera Claude yavuze ko ibyo Rutaremara Valens yavuze nawe abizi, ariko ko Turikumwenimana Emmanuel yavugaga ko yaguze na Hakizimana Frédéric ariko ko batavugaga ko Nyamwasa Ephrem yaguze ngo agurure na Turikumwenimana Emmanuel. Abajijwe impamvu Nyamwasa Ephrem avuga ko ari iye, yasubuje ko itaba iye kuko Turikumwenimana Emmanuel yayivuguruye Nyamwasa Ephrem ahari ari mwarimu ntagire icyo avuga, akaba anahabyariye imbyaro 10. [38] Umutangabuhamya witwa Mugiraneza Ephrem we avuga ko atazi niba Nyamwasa Ephrem yarabaye mu nzu iburanwa, ko no kuba yaba yarayiguze nabyo atabizi. Avuga ko nawe yabaye umuyede wa Nyamwasa Ephrem, ko ariko inzu bari bazi ko ari iye ari iyo ku ruhande, ko ariko inzu iburanwa ari Turikumwenimana Emmanuel wayibagamo. Asobanura ko ababurana bombi babanye muri korari kuva 1995, ko nta kibazo cy’inzu bigeze bumva, ko Nyamwasa Ephrem ashaka yaje kuba mu nzu yo ku ruhande ariko inzu iburanwa bakaba batabizi ayibamo. Akomeza avuga ko amasezerano ya Turikumwenimana Emmanuel na Hakizimana Frédéric ayazi n’ubwo atayasinyeho, ko Hakizimana Frédéric azi ukuri ko yagurishije Turikumwenimana Emmanuel, ko ahubwo ibyo Hakizimana Frédéric na Nyamwasa Ephrem barimo babizi na nyiri inzu bakaba bamuzi. [39] Umutangabuhamya witwa Bizimungu Jean Bosco, yavuze ko uko yabyumvaga hanze nibyo azi, ari uko aba bagabo bose babanye kuva mu mwaka wa 1995, kuko yari atuye aho ikiburanwa kiri, ngo hanyuma aza kumva ko inzu iburanwa ari iya Nyamwasa Ephrem kandi abona Turikumwenimana Emmanuel ariwe uyibamo, akavuga ko nta makuru azi ko iyi nzu ari iya Nyamwasa Ephrem kuko Turikumwenimana Emmanuel bamusabiye muri 1999 ayibamo kandi Nyamwasa Ephrem bakaba baranavuganaga ariko nta kibazo cy’inzu yigeze amubwira. Abajijwe niba Nyamwasa Ephrem yarigeze ababwira ko inzu ayisigiye Turikumwenimana Emmanuel yasubije ko ntabyo azi ko batazi Nyamwasa Ephrem aba muri iyo nzu, akaba abyemeza rwose ko inzu atari iye. 3Reba urubanza N° RCA 00033/2018/HC/RWG, igika cya 24, agace ka 5

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[40] Umutangabuhamya witwa Rwigamba François (akaba n’Umuyobozi w’Umugugudu wa Rambura inzu iburanwa iherereyemo) yavuze ko amaze imyaka 8 ayobora uwo Mudugudu, ko muri 2017, Nyamwasa Ephrem yamugejejeho ikirego arega Turikumwenimana Emmanuel, akaba ngo anaturanye nawe yaranaje ahamusanga ariko akaba Nyamwasa Ephrem we atarahamusanze. Avuga ko inzu iburanwa itari imeze uko imeze ubu. Akomeza avuga ko Nyamwasa Ephrem yamugejejeho ikibazo akamubaza uko iyo nzu ari iye kandi yarayisanzemo Turikumwenimana Emmanuel, akamusubiza ko afite amasezerano. [41] Yakomeje asobanura ko yagiye kureba Turikumwenimana Emmanuel akamubwira ko bari kumurega inzu, nuko amubwira ko nawe afite amasezerano y’ubugure, bikaba ngombwa ko abahuza bose, bazana amasezerano yabo, abona aratandukanye n’imikono idahuye, abajije Hakizimana Frédéric avuga ko yagurishije Nyamwasa Ephrem, Turikumwenimana Emmanuel nawe akomeje kuvuga ko nawe yaguze na Hakizimana Frédéric, yumva biramuyobeye aribwo yaboherezaga mu Kagari, babisuzumye nabo basanga ikibazo gikomeye nibwo nabo bababwiye kujya mu nkiko. Abajijwe uko inyandiko ya Turikumwenimana Emmanuel yagaragaraga yavuze ko itandukanye niya Nyamwasa Ephrem ariko Hakizimana Frédéric agahakana ko Turikumwenimana Emmanuel yamuhaye amafranga, uyu bamubajije impamvu yahaye umugore wa Hakizimana Frédéric amafaranga kandi atari mu masezerano, ababwira ko ari uko yari amuzi ko ari umugore we. [42] Mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 06/10/2021, Nyamwasa Ephrem na Me Twagiramungu Callixte umwunganira bavuze ko raporo y’ibyavuye mu iperereza bayibonye baranayisesengura, bakaba bashima uburyo Urukiko rwigereye ku kiburanwa rukabaza Hakizimana Frédéric ababuranyi bombi bemeza ko ari we wabagurishije inzu, bityo ukuri kwa mbere kukaba kwarabonetse kuko yabwiye Urukiko uwo baguze uwo ari we, kandi no mu bandi babajijwe hakaba hari abemeje ko Nyamwasa Ephrem ariwe waguze na Hakizimana Frédéric. Naho ku ruhande rwa Turikumwenimana Emmanuel, Me Nkubayingoga Samuel umwunganira, yavuze ko basobanuye uko Turikumwenimana Emmanuel yabonye inzu iburanwa, ko rero nta byinshi bavuga ku iperereza ryakozwe, ko ahubwo basaba Urukiko kuzahuza ibisobanuro batanze n’ibyavuye mu iperereza maze rugafata umwanzuro ukwiye. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [43] Urukiko rurasanga ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza kandi ababuranyi basabye ko gikemurwa ari icyo kumenya uwaguze inzu iburanwa hagati ya Nyamwasa Ephrem na Turikumwenimana Emmanuel kuko buri wese atanga ikimenyetso kigizwe n’amasezerano y’ubugure buri wese agaragaza. [44] Ingingo ya 65 y’Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko “Urukiko arirwo rwonyine rupima ko imikirize y’abatangabuhamya ihuye n’ikiburanwa, ifite ingingo zikiranuye kandi ikaba ikwiye kwemerwa cyangwa guhakanwa. Ntirwitsitsa ku mubare w’abatangabuhamya. Rwita cyane cyane ku bumenyi bwabo bw’ibyabaye, no ku buryo babivuga uko byagenze nta cyo bihimbira”. [45] Ingingo ya 62 y’Itegeko Nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko “Ubuhamya ari ibivugwa mu Rukiko bivuzwe n’umuntu wabibonye cyangwa wabyumvise ubwe kubyerekeye ikiburanwa. Ingingo ya 9 y’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa yo

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iteganya ko “ Ibimenyetso bihamya amasezerano bishobora gutangwa hakoreshejwe inyandiko, ubuhamya, uburyo bwo gucukumbura, ukwiyemerera k’umuburanyi, naho ingingo ya 4 ikavuga ko Urukiko ruca urubanza rwaregewe hakurikijwe ibimenyetso bihuje na kamere y’ikiburanwa”. [46] Na none ingingo ya 35, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 rimaze kuvugwa haruguru iteganya ko “Kopi idateyeho icyemezo cy’uko ihuye n’inyandiko y’umwimerere igira agaciro igihe yunganiwe n’ikindi kimenyetso kitabujijwe n’amategeko iyo inyandiko y’umwimerere idashobora kuboneka”. [47] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, Urukiko rurasanga ikiburanwa ari inzu yatangiwe umwirondoro w’aho iherereye, Nyamwasa Ephrem akaba agaragaza amasezerano y’ubugure yo ku wa 25/09/1998 naho Turikumwenimana Emmanuel akagaragaza amasezerano yo ku 27/05/1999, bose bakaba bemeza ko baguze na Hakizimana Frédéric. Mu miburanire yabo Turikumwenimana Emmanuel avuga ko amasezerano y’ubure hagati ye na Hakizimana Frédéric yo ku wa 27/05/1999 yanditswe na Nyamwasa Ephrem, ariko uyu akabihakana, aha hakaba hakwibazwa uburyo Nyamwasa Ephrem yakwandika amasezerano agurisha inzu yamaze kugura, bituma Turikumwenimana Emmanuel asaba ko Kigali Forensic Laboratory yakemura impaka kuri iki kibazo cya Nyamwasa Ephrem, hasuzumwa imikono ye. [48] Kigali Forensic Laboratory imaze gukora isuzuma n’igereranya by’imyandikire igibwaho impaka yiswe Q1 iri ku nyandiko yo ku wa 27/05/1999, n’imyandikire itagibwaho impaka ya Nyamwasa Ephrem yiswe N1, ndetse n’imyandikirwe yandikishijwe kuri KFL ku wa 06/04/2021 imbere y’umwanditsi w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire,yiswe S1 kugeza kuri S4, ivuga ko abahanga basanze imyandikire igibwaho impaka yiswe Q1,Q2 na Q3 itandukanye n’imyandikire yandikishijwe kuri KFL imbere y’umwanditsi w’Urukiko yiswe S1 kugeza kuri S4 bashyikirijwe. [49] Kuri iki kibazo cyo kumenya niba koko Nyamwasa Ephrem ariwe wabaye umwanditsi w’amasezerano yo ku wa 27/05/1999, yabaye hagati ya Turikumwenimana Emmanuel na Hakizimana Frédéric, Urukiko rurasanga umwanzuro watanzwe n’abahanga ba Kigali Forensic Laboratory muri raporo yabo imaze kuvugwa haruguru wahabwa agaciro kuko abakoze raporo bafite ubuhanga mu murimo basabwe gukora, bikaba rero bigaragara ko ibyo Turikumwenimana Emmanuel avuga atari iby’ukuri kuko byagaragajwe ko umukono yitirira Nyamwasa Ephrem ntaho uhuriye n’indi myandikire ye. [50] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza kandi ko mu nama y’abaturage yabaye ku wa 13/07/2017, iyobowe n’Umuyobozi w’umudugudu wa Rambura, Bwana Rugamba François, uwitwa Rutagarama Egide wari ushinzwe umutekano, ugaragara nk’umwe mu bagabo bashyize umukono ku masezerano yo ku wa 27/05/1999, yarahakanye ko atazi iby’ayo masezerano, naho mugenzi we witwa Turatsinze wabaye nawe umutangabuhamya muri ayo masezerano, abaturage bari bitabiriye inama bavuga ko batamuzi muri ako gace. Urukiko rurasanga Turikumwenimana Emmanuel yaravuze ko umugore wa Hakizimana Frédéric yasinye kuri ayo masezerano nyamara nta mazina ye agaragara kuri iyo nyandiko, bivuga ko niba uwagurishije iyo nzu Hakizimana Frédéric avuga ko atazi ayo masezerano n’abagabo Turikumwenimana Emmanuel avuga ko bamusinyiye bihakana iyo nyandiko, kuba hari hasigaye Turikumwenimana Emmanuel wenyine, Urukiko Rukuru rwagombaga kubibonamo ikibazo, bityo rukagira amakenga yo kwemeza ko iyo nyandiko irimo ukuri kabone n’ubwo yari umwimerere, kuko uyu atashoboraga gukora iki gikorwa wenyine

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[51] Urukiko rurasanga kandi ikimenyetso nyamukuru Turikumwenimana Emmanuel ashingiraho yemeza ko inzu iburanwa ari iye, ari inyandiko y’amasezerano yo ku wa 27/05/1999 avuga ko yanditswe na nyamwasa Ephrem, nyamara Kigali Forensic Laboratoy (KFL) ikaba yaragaragaje ko imikono iri ku nyandiko zindi za Nyamwasa Ephrem kandi zo zitagibwaho impaka, bidahuje n’ibigaragara ku masezerano amaze kuvugwa, ibi bigatuma ubuziranenge n’ukuri kw’ayo masezerano bikemangwa, bikaba ngombwa ko hifashishwa ibindi bimenyetso. [52] N’ubwo amasezerano y’ubugure yo ku wa 25/09/1998, yakozwe hagati ya Nyamwasa Ephrem na Hakizimana Frédéric atagaragaza umwimerere wayo, Urukiko rurasanga kuba Hakizimana Frédéric wamugurishije yaremereye inzego zose urubanza rwanyuzemo ndetse akongera akabisubiramo imbere y’uru Rukiko igihe cy’iperereza ko uwo yagurishije inzu ye ari Nyamwasa Ephrem, kuba kandi hari imvugo za bamwe mu batangabuhamya babajijwe nka Rutagarama Egide wari watanzwe na Turikumwenimana Emmanuel ho umutangabuhamya ko nawe yari ahari igihe yaguraga ariko we akabwira Urukiko Rukuru ko atigeze agera aho ayo masezerano yakorewe Turikumwenimana Emmanuel yavuze ko amasezerano y’ubugure bwe yabaye ahari akabihakana avuga ko atazi ayo masezerano yo ku wa 27/05/1999, agaragaramo nk’umugabo wari uhari akorwa, Butera Claude na Bizimungu Jean Bosco nabo bemeza ko bazi neza ko Nyamwasa Ephrem na Turikumwenimana Emmanuel bari inshuti ndetse ko bigeze kubana mu nzu. [53] Urukiko rurasanga kandi raporo y’isuzuma rya gihanga yakozwe na Kigali Forensic Laboratoy (KFL) ku masezerano Turikumwenimana Emmanuel avuga ko yagiranye na Hakizimana Frédéric yo ku wa 27/05/1999, yaragaragaje ko umukono Turikumwenimana Emmanuel yitirira Nyamwasa Ephrem avuga ko ariwe wayanditse, udahura n’imikono iri ku zindi nyandiko Nyamwasa Ephrem yanditse mu bihe bitandukanye. Byongeye kandi, n’ubwo imikono ya Hakizimana Frédéric itapimwe n’umuhanga, bigaragarira amaso ko umukono yashyize ku nyandiko yemera yo ku wa 25/09/1998, utandukanye n’uri ku masezerano yo ku wa 27/05/1999, Turikumwenimana Emmanuel avuga ko yaguriyeho inzu, ibi bikaba bishimangira uyu mwanzuro wafashwe nyuma y’ipimwa ry’imikono ya Nyamwasa Ephrem, ikigaragara kikaba ari uko Hakizimana Frédéric na Nyamwasa Ephrem batigeze bashyira umukono ku masezerano Turikumwenimana Emmanuel aburanisha, bityo hakaba hari ugushidikanya ko aya masezerao yabayeho. [54] Urukiko rurasanga hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 35, igika cya gatatu, y’Itegeko Nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryavuzwe haruguru, ibimenyetso bivuzwe haruguru, byunganira kopi y’inyandiko y’amasezerano yatanzwe na Nyamwasa Ephrem, ko rero nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 65 y’Itegeko Nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryavuzwe haruguru, rwemeza nta kwibeshya ko inzu iburanwa yaguzwe na Nyamwasa Ephrem, kuko nta kimenyetso cyizewe kandi kidashidikanywaho gihari kigaragaza uburyo iyo nzu yaba yarabaye umutungo wa Turikumwenimana Emmanuel ivuye kuri Hakizimana Frédéric. [55] Urukiko rurasanga kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaranze gushingira ku masezerano ya Nyamwasa Ephrem yo ku wa 25/09/1998 ngo kuko adafite umwimerere wayo, rukavuga ko yo yonyine ubwayo idahagije ngo ibe inyandiko yabasha guhesha uburenganzira ubwo aribwo bwose4”, harabaye kudasesengra neza ibindi bimenyetso byari byatanzwe na Nyamwasa Ephrem ndetse n’andi makuru yari muri dosiye, ibi bikaba ari akarengane kamugiriwe, bityo urubanza 4 Reba urubanza N° RCA 00033/2018/HC/RWG, igika cya 36

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RCA00033/2018/HC/RWG, rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 30/10/2018, rukaba rugomba guhinduka mu ngingo zarwo zose. Kumenya uko bigomba kugenda mu gihe byemejwe ko inzu iburanwa ari NYAMWASA Ephrem wayiguze ariko ikaba imaze igihe kinini ikoreshwa kandi yaravuguruwe na TURIKUMWENIMANA Emmanuel [56] Nyamwasa Ephrem na Me Twagiramungu Callixte umwunganira, bavuga ko bemera koko ko inzu iburanwa yahindutse kuko yakorewe igenagaciro ku biri ku butaka ndetse n’ubutaka ubwabwo bikaba bifite agaciro ka 8.971.080Frw, agaciro k’ubutaka kakaba kangana na 3.500.000Frw, bagasaba ko ku gaciro kose kagaragajwe hakurwamo gusa 3.500.000 Frw y’agaciro k’ubutaka, Nyamwasa Ephrem agasubizwa inzu yose uko iri kuko ariwe wayiguze mbere akayitiza Turikumwenimana Emmanuel akagira ibyo ayikoraho batabyumvikanye bityo bikaba bihura n’ubukode bw’imyaka 22 ayimazemo bubazwe mu buryo bukurikira: Kuva muri 2000 - 2005 = 5000 Frw x 12 mois x 5 ans = 300.000Frw Kuva muri 2005 - 2010 = 10.000 Frw x 12 mois x 5 ans = 600.000Frw Kuva muri 2010 - 2017 = 30.000 Frw x 12 mois x 7 ans = 2.520.000Frw Kuva muri 2017 - 2021 = 40.000 Frw x 12 mois x 4 ans = 1.920.000Frw Yose hamwe akaba 5.340.000Frw [57] Turikumwenimana Emmanuel na Me Nkubayingoga Samuel umwunganira bavuga ko inzu iburanwa ari iya Turikumwenimana Emmanuel kuko basobanuye uko yayibonye ariko ko Urukiko ruramutse rubibonye ukundi, harebwa agaciro inzu ifite uyu munsi hagakurwamo ako yari ifite igurwa kangana n’ibihumbi mirongo icyenda (90.000Frw), Turikumwenimana Emmanuel agahabwa asigaye. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [58] Ingingo ya 9 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi’ iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko “Umucamanza aca urubanza ashingiye ku ngingo z’amategeko zirebana n’ikirego yaregewe. Iyo nta tegeko rijyanye n’ikiburanwa ashingira ku mategeko asanga yashyiraho mu gihe ashinzwe kuyashyiraho yifashishije ibyemezo byagiye bifata n’inkiko, umuco, amahame rusange agenga amategeko n’inyandiko z’abahanga mu mategeko”. [59] Urukiko rusanga mu rubanza RCAA00032/2016/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/09/2019, Nishimwe Joselyne na Mashami Gisèle baburana na Mugenga Joseph, urwo Rukiko rwifashishije inyandiko y’Umuhanga mu mategeko Christian Larroumet asobanura ko, iyo nta tegeko ririho ku kibazo runaka kiri mu rubanza, ko inkiko zagiye zikoresha “la théorie des impenses” yo mu Baromani, zigendeye kw’ihame ry’uko ntawe ugomba kwikungahaza nta mpamvu mu gukemura ikibazo hagati ya ny’iri ikintu (propriétaire) n’uwagize icyo acyongeraho5. Umuhanga umaze 5 “Se fondant sur la notion d’enrichissement sans cause…a jurisprudence a appliqué la théorie romaine des impenses……. Cette théorie, intervenant dans les rapports du propriétaire et de celui qui a effectué des réparations ou améliorations… ;

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kuvugwa asobanamura ko muri iyo ntekerezo (théorie), hatabaho gutandukanya uwagize icyo yongera ku mutungo nta buryarya (de bonne foi) cyangwa mu buryarya (de mauvaise foi)6. Rusanga kandi Umuhanga mu mategeko Patrice Jourdain nawe asobanura ko usaba kwishyurwa umutungo utimukanwa agomba kwishyura uwambuwe uwo mutungo ibyo yashyizeho byitwa “Impenses”. Avuga ko inkiko zasobanuye ko ibigenderwaho mu kwishyura bidaturuka ku kuba uwambuwe umutungo yarawubonye nta buryarya (de bonne foi) cyangwa mu buryarya (de mauvaise foi), ahubwo bituruka ku miterere y’ibyakozwe7 [60] Urukiko rusanga mu miburanire ye, Nyamwasa Ephrem yaravuze ko mbere y’uko aregera inkiko yari yasabye Turikumwenimana Emmanuel ko yamuha amafaranga angana n’ibihumbi magana ane (400.000Frw) bari bemeranyijwe ko bakarangiza ikibazo mu bwumvikane, ariko Turikumwenimana Emmanuel akabyanga agakomeza kumunaniza bigatuma aregera inkiko. Ikindi kandi nuko yemera ko uko inzu yayiguze atari ko imeze ubu, ko hari ibyayikozweho ndetse bikayongerera agaciro, ariko agasaba Urukiko ko niruramuka rusanze inzu ari iye, atifuza ko yayihabwa, ko ahubwo rwamubarira ubukode bw’imyaka 22, Turikumwenimana Emmanuel ayimaranye, maze we akayisigarana uko imeze ubu. [61] Urukiko rukaba rusanga mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko habaho kwikungahaza nta mpamvu (enrichissement sans cause) nk’uko byasobanuwe, ibyo Nyamwasa Ephrem asaba atabihabwa n’ubwo ibyagaragajwe na raporo ya KFL ndetse n’abatangabuhamya byerekanye ko Turikumwenimana Emmanuel yabonye inzu mu buryo bw’uburyarya kandi akagira ibyo ayikoraho, hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rugendeye ku nyandiko y’Umuhanga mu mategeko Christian Larroumet ko hatabaho gutandukanya uwagize icyo yongera ku mutungo nta buryarya (de bonne foi) cyangwa mu buryarya (de mauvaise foi), Urukiko rurasanga Nyamwasa Ephrem agomba guhabwa na Turikumwenimana Emmanuel amafaranga y’agaciro k’ikibanza kagaragajwe kangana na 3.500.000Frw ndetse n’ay’ubukode bw’imyaka 21 amaranye inzu, ariko kuba ubukode bwa buri kwezi yarabubariye ku mafaranga y’umurengera kandi ntabimenyetso abitangira, hakurikijwe uko Urukiko rwabonye inzu iburanwa n’urwego (level) rw’iterambere agace iherereyemo kagezeho8, ingano y’ubukode yahabwa mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko ari 5000 Frw ku kwezi, aribyo bibazwe mu buryo bukurikira: 5000 Frw x imyaka 21 x amezi y’umwaka12 = 1.260.000Frw Ku birebana n’indishyi z’akababaro zisabwa muri uru rubanza Christian LARROUMET, Droit Civil, Les Biens, Droits réels Principaux, 5ème Ed.,T.II, Paris, ECONOMICA ,2006, p. 311-312. 6 “Dans la théorie des impenses, aucune distinction n’est faite entre celui qui, de bonne foi, c’est à dire dans la croyance d’en être le propriétaire, effectue des travaux sur un bien et celui qui effectue les mêmes travaux alors qu’il est de mauvaise foi”; ibidem, p.312 7 “Le revendiquant doit indemniser le défendeur évincé des dépenses de celui-ci qui ont été incorporées à l’immeuble et qui portent le nom d’impenses. La jurisprudence a défini les conditions de cette indemnisation, qui ne dépendent pas de la bonne ou de la mauvaise foi du possesseur évincé mais qui varient suivant la nature des impenses »; Patrice JOURDAIN, Droit Civil, Les biens, Paris, Dalloz, 1995, p.282 8 Umutungo uburanwa uherereye mu Mudugudu wa Rambura, Akagari ka Nyagasambu, Umurenge wa Fumbwe, Akarere ka Rwamagana, Intara y’Iburasirazuba

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[62] Me Twagiramungu Callixte wunganira Nyamwasa Ephrem asaba Urukiko rw'ubujurire kuzamugenera indishyi z'akababaro, zingana na 2.000.000Frw, [63] Me Nkubayingoga Samuel wunganira Turikumwenimana Emmanuel avuga ko indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 2.000.000Frw Nyamwasa Ephrem asaba ntazo yahabwa kubera ko atazisobanura uretse kuzivuga gusa, kuba rero nta mpamvu azitangira, asanga nta n’ikindi cyashingirwaho mu kuzitanga kuko uregwa atunze inzu ye mu buryo no mu nzira bikurikije amategeko kuko yayiguze, hakaba hashize imyaka 21. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [64] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’indishyi angana na 2.000.000 Frw Nyamwasa Ephrem asaba atayagenerwa kuko atagaragaza ishingiro zaryo. Rurasanga Turikumwenimana Emmanuel nawe indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 3.000.000Frw asaba atazihabwa kuko akarengane Nyamwasa Ephrem yaregeye kahawe ishingiro. Gusuzuma niba Nyamwasa Ephrem yagenerwa, amafaranga y'igihembo cya Avoka n'amafaranga y'ikurikiranarubanza [65] Me Twagiramungu Callixte asabira Nyamwasa Ephrem, 1.500.000Frw y'igihembo cya Avoka na 1.000.000Frw y'ikurikiranarubanza kuva mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma kugeza mu Rukiko rw'Ubujurire. [66] Me Nkubayingoga Samuel avuga ko nta shingiro bifite kuko ariwe wishoye mu manza nyuma yo gucura umugambi na mugenzi we Hakizimana Frédéric wo guhuguza uwo yunganira inzu ye. [67] Asoza asaba ko Turikumwenimana Emmanuel ariwe wagenerwa ahubwo indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 3.000.000Frw kubera guhora bamushora mu manza ku maherere dore ko kumurega buri munsi bimuhungabanya we n’umuryango we kubera kumva ko inzu yabo bamazemo imyaka 21, bakoze uko bashobye ngo bayisane igendane n’igihe bagiye kuyamburwa. Ikindi asaba ni uko yasubizwa amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka umuburanira yishyuye angana na 1.000.000Frw hiyongereyeho amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza angana na 500.000Frw. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [68] Ku bijyanye no gusubizwa amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko "ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikirana rubanza ni ikirego gishamikiye ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo, gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [69] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, Nyamwasa Ephrem asaba yayahabwa kuko aho yagiye aburana hose byabaye ngombwa ko agira ibyo yigomwa bigenda ku rubanza harimo no gushaka umunyamategeko yishyura wagombaga kumuburanira ariko

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mu bushishozi bwarwo rukaba rumugeneye 1.500.000 akubiyemo ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka nk’uko yayasabye kuko ari mu rugero rukwiye. [70] Urukiko rugasanga ku bijyanye n’amafaranga y’indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 3.000.000Frw, ay’igihembo cya Avoka n‘ay’ikurikiranarubanza Turikumwenimana Emmanuel asaba, atayahabwa kuko nk‘uko byasobanuwe haruguru, kuba Urukiko rwasanze umutungo uburanwa waraguzwe na Nyamwasa Ephrem mu masezerano yo ku wa 25/09/1998, byumvikanisha ko akarengane yareze avuga ko yagiriwe mu rubanza RCA00033/2018/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 30/10/2018, gahawe ishingiro. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [71] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Nyamwasa Ephrem cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane urubanza RCA00033/2018/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 30/10/2018, gifite ishingiro; [72] Rwemeje ko mu kwemeza mu rubanza RCA00033/2018/HC/RWG ko Turikumwenima Emmanuel ari we waguze na Hakizimana Frédéric inzu iburanwa hangendewe mu masezerano y’ubugure yo ku wa 27/05/1999, Nyamwasa Ephrem yagiriwe akarengane; [73] Rwemeje ko Nyamwasa Ephrem ari we waguze na HAKIZIMANA Frédéric inzu iburanwa hagendewe ku masezerano y’ubugure yo ku wa 25/09/1998; [74] Rwemeje ariko ko Turikumwenimana Emmanuel yegukana iyo nzu abanje kwishyura Nyamwasa Ephrem 4,760.000Frw nk’uko yasobanuwe haruguru. [75] Rwemeje ko urubanza RCA00033/2018/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 30/10/2018, ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose; [76] Rutegetse Turikumwenimana Emmanuel kwishyura Nyamwasa Ephrem 4,760.000Frw yasobanuwe haruguru; [77] Rutegetse Turikumwenimana Emmanuel kwishyura Nyamwasa Ephrem 1.500.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka;