UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. NYANDWI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. NYANDWI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-27 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00307/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. NYANDWI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00307/2022/CA (Kanyange, P.J.,) 27 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ibimenyetso – Ubuhamya bushingiye ku mabwire (preuve par ouï-dire) cyangwa ubuhamya buziguye (preuve indirecte) – Ibimenyetso bishingiye ku mabwire (preuve par oui-dire) cyangwa ibimenyetso biziguye (preuve indirecte) bishobora gushingirwaho n’Urukiko iyo bishyigikiwe n’ibindi bimenyetso bituma byizerwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nyandwi Emmanuel bita Kaguru akurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana (mwishywa we) w’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) wabaga iwe wiswe M.C mu manza zabanje. Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, bushingiye ku bimenyetso bitandukanye birimo imvugo z’uwo mwana na raporo ya muganga, maze bumusabira igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). Mu iburanisha, Nyandwi yaburanye ahakana icyaha, avuga ko bamubeshyera, kandi ko nta raporo ya muganga yemeza ko uwo mwana yasambanyijwe. Urukiko rwaciye urubanza, maze rwemeza ko uregwa yarakoze icyaha akurikiranyweho kubera ko hari ibimenyetso bibigaragaza, maze rumuhanisha agifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). Nyandwi ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza maze ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana kandi nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho Urukiko rushingiyeho. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite, kuko Urukiko rwagaragaje ko hari ibimenyetso bimuhamya icyaha akurikiranyweho. Urukiko rwaciye urubanza, maze rusanga ubujurire bwatanzwe n’uwarezwe nta shingiro bifite, bityo ko hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Nyandwi yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha nta bimenyetso bifatika rushingiyeho bitewe n’uko hashingiwe ku buhamya bw’abantu bavuze ibyo babwiwe avuga kandi ko nta raporo ya muganga yagaragaje ko umwana yasambanyijwe. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe n’uregwa zitahabwa agaciro, kuko abatangabuhamya bavuze ibyo bumvise, ibyo bigahuzwa n’ibindi bimenyetso, bityo ko bitateshwa agaciro. Ku birebana na raporo ya muganga, ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ibyo uregwa avuga ko itagaragaza ko umwana yasambanyijwe nabyo nta shingiro bifite kuko atari ikimenyetso kamara.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: 1.Ibimenyetso bishingiye ku mabwire (preuve par oui-dire) cyangwa ibimenyetso biziguye (preuve indirecte) bishobora gushingirwaho n’Urukiko iyo bishyigikiwe n’ibindi bimenyetso bituma byizerwa. 2.Iyo urubanza rwakurikiranywe mu buryo bwose, ntihagire ibimenyetso nyakuri biboneka byemeza abacamanza ko ushinjwa yakoze icyaha koko, uregwa ahanagurwaho icyaha. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 111. Imanza zifashishijwe: UrubanzaRPA/Gén 00002/2018/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Twahirwa, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/07/2023. Urubanza I.IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Nyandwi Emmanuel bita Kaguru akurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana (mwishywa we) w’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) wabaga iwe wiswe M.C mu manza zabanje, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko cyakozwe ku wa 10/08/2019, umwana we abarungurukira mu idirishya ahita ajya kubibwira nyina wahise aza yitotomba avuga ko agiye kwigendera ngo kuko nta bagore babiri babana mu rugo, bimenyekana gutyo maze Nyandwi Emmanuel atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, bushingiye ku bimenyetso birimo imvugo z’uwo mwana n’iza se, ubuhamya bw’uwitwa Ngirumutware na raporo ya muganga, bumusabira igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [3] Nyandwi Emmanuel yaburanye ahakana icyaha, avuga ko abamushinja ari indarikwa ko kandi asanzwe afitanye amakimbirane na se wa M.C ashingiye ku kuba yaramutanzeho amakuru muri Gacaca, ko n’ibyo uwo mwana yavuze ari ibyo bamushyizemo ndetse n’ibyo bavugira umwana we bikaba atari byo kuko bamubeshyera, ko nta na raporo ya muganga yemeza ko uwo mwana yasambanyijwe. [4] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RP 00718/2019/TGI/MHG ku wa 27/02/2020, rusanga Nyandwi Emmanuel yarakoze icyaha akurikiranyweho kubera ko hari ibimenyetso bibigaragaza bigizwe: N’imvugo y’umwana wasambanyijwe 

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Imvugo ya Uwamahoro wavuze ko yarungurutse akibonera se (Nyandwi) asambanya M.C; Ko raporo ya muganga atari kamara mu kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye kuko umwana yasuzumwe hashize iminsi itandatu (6), bikaba byari bigoye ko haboneka ibimenyetso ku mubiri we, ariko kuba yasambanyijwe bikaba byemezwa n’uko yabyivugiye kandi akavuga ko yari inshuro ya kabiri Nyandwi amusambanya kandi imvugo ye ikaba ishimangirwa n’iya Uwamahoro wavuze ko yarungurutse akabona se ari hejuru y’uwo mwana, raporo ya muganga nayo ikagaragaza ko M.C yari afite imyanya myibarukiro ikuze bihagije (vagina=3 fingers). [5] Ku birebana n’igihano, Urukiko rwasanze kuba nta kindi cyaha Nyandwi Emmanuel yahaniwe, bivuze ko yari asanzwe yitwara neza kandi icyaha yakoze kikaba nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje uwagikorewe, byatuma ahanishwa igihano gito Itegeko rihanisha icyaha yakoze, maze rwemeza ko Nyandwi Emmanuel ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha agifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). [6] Nyandwi Emmanuel yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho Urukiko rushingiyeho. [7] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite, kuko Urukiko rwagaragaje ko hari ibimenyetso bimuhamya icyaha akurikiranyweho. [8] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RPAA 00252/2020/HC/NYZ ku wa 29/04/2022 rusanga ibyo Nyandwi Emmanuel ashingiraho ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bifite, kuko se wa M.C yavuze ko yasambanyijwe na Nyandwi ariko akabimenya bitinze, uwo mwana nawe asobanura uburyo yasambanyijwe n’uburyo umwana wa Nyandwi yabarungurutse agahita ajya kubibwira nyina, uyu yahagera akavuga ko yigendeye ngo kuko nta bagore babiri mu rugo, ibyo yavuze bigashimangirwa n’ubuhamya bwa Ngirumutware wavuze ko yumvise umugore wa Nyandwi yitotomba avuga ko kubana ari abagore babiri mu rugo birutwa n’uko yakwigira iwabo, hakaba n’ubuhamya bwa Uwingabire wavuze ko yumvise Uwamahoro atabaza ubwo ababyeyi be bariho barwana yamubaza icyo bapfuye akamubwira ko byatewe n’uko se yasambanyije M.C. Rwasanze kandi raporo ya muganga atari ikimenyetso kamara kuko mu manza nshinjabyaha nta kimenyetso kamara kibaho ahubwo ibimenyetso bishobora gushingira ku mpamvu zose z’ibyabaye n’ibyemejwe n’amategeko, maze rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. [9] Nyandwi Emmanuel yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwandikwa kuri RPAA 00307/2022/CA, ruhabwa itariki yo kuburanishwa yo ku wa 10/12/2024, uwo munsi ruburanishwa yunganiwe na Me Ruturwa Rumande Esron, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bunyoye Grâce, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [10] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Nyandwi Emmanuel n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha nta bimenyetso bifatika rushingiyeho, rushingira ahubwo ku batangabuhamya bavuze ibyo batahagazeho kandi banafite ibyo bapfa, ku mvugo z’umwana we n’iz’umugore we kandi batarabajijwe, rwirengagiza kandi ko nta raporo ya muganga yagaragaje ko umwana yasambanyijwe.

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[11] Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha avuga ko izo mpamvu z’ubujurire nta shingiro zifite, kuko abatangabuhamya bavuze ibyo bumvise kandi nta kimenyetso Nyandwi yagaragaje cy’ibyo avuga ko bapfaga, ko no kuba umwana we ndetse n’umugore we batarabajijwe bitavanaho ko hari ibyo bavuze byumviswe n’abatangabuhamya, naho raporo ya muganga ikaba atari kamara ahubwo yunganirwa n’ibindi bimenyetso. [12] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru bidahamya Nyandwi Emmanuel icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru bidahamya Nyandwi Emmanuel icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana [13] Nyandwi Emmanuel n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha nta bimenyetso bifatika rushingiyeho, rushingira ahubwo ku batangabuhamya bavuze ibyo batahagazeho kandi yagaragarije Urukiko ko bafite ibyo bapfa, kuko uwitwa Ngirumutware atari kumuvugira neza kubera ko yamushinje muri Gacaca, naho Uwingabire Jeanne bakaba bapfa ubutaka yacungaga akaza kubwamburwa bakabuha Nyandwi ngo abucunge. [14] Bavuga kandi ko umwana we witwa Uwamahoro bamwitiriye ibyo atavuze kuko atigeze abazwa, ko kandi n’iyo abazwa imvugo ze zitari gushingirwaho hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha kuko yari afite imyaka icumi (10), n’imvugo z’abo yabwiye zikaba zitakwitwa ubuhamya; ko n’umugore we bamwitiriye imvugo y’uko yavuze ko atabana n’undi mugore mu nzu kandi atarabajijwe, naho kuba bararwanye bikaba ntaho bihuriye n’icyaha akurikiranweho. [15] Banavuga ko Urukiko rwirengagije ko nta raporo ya muganga yagaragaje ko M.C yasambanyijwe kandi bigomba kwemezwa n’umuhanga nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 76 y’Itegeko Nº15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo ryabyo, n’ingingo ya 107 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ivuga ko hashingirwa ku bimenyetso byashatswe mu buryo buteganywa n’itegeko. [16] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko izo mpamvu z’ubujurire zitahabwa agaciro, kuko kuba abatangabuhamya baravuze ibyo bumvise bitatesha agaciro imvugo zabo cyane cyane ko ibyo bavuze bihuzwa n’ibindi bimenyetso, Nyandwi akaba kandi ataratanze ikimenyetso cy’ibyo avuga ko bapfaga. [17] Avuga kandi ko ku birebana na Uwamahoro, ari we wabwiye nyina ibyabaye ubwo yajyaga kumutabaza, uyu ageze mu rugo akubita M.C anarwana na Nyandwi nk’uko nawe yabyemeye, umutangabuhamya Ngirumutware yumva umugore wa Nyandwi avuga ko yasambanyije umwana anavuga ko nta bagore babiri baba mu rugo rumwe, ko n’ibyo Uwingabire yavuze yabyumvanye Uwamahoro watabazaga avugaga ko ababyeyi be bapfuye ko se yasambanyije M.C, Nyandwi nawe akaba yaremeye ko uwo mwana yabonye M.C amuzaniye ibiryo mu cyumba, ko rero n’ubwo Uwamahoro na nyina batabajijwe, hari abatangabuhamya bumvise ibyo bavuze kandi nta bundi buryo bari kumenya ibyabaye.

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[18] Ku birebana na raporo ya muganga, avuga ko ibivugwa na Nyandwi ko itagaragaza ko umwana yasambanyijwe nta shingiro bifite, kuko inkiko za mbere zasobanye ko yatinze gukorwa bitewe n’uko umubyeyi w’umwana yabanje guhuzagurika igakorwa hashize iminsi itandatu bituma nta bimenyetso by’isambanywa igaragaza usibye kugaragaza ko imyanya myibarukiro y’umwana yari yagutse, ariko ko atari n’ikimenyetso kamara mu gihe hari ibindi bimenyetso byemeza ko umwana yasambanyijwe. URUKIKO RUBIBONA [19] Ikibazo kiri muri uru rubanza gishingiye ku kumenya niba ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru bidahamya Nyandwi Emmanuel icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, bitewe n’uko hashingiwe ku buhamya bw’abantu bavuze ibyo babwiwe, ku mvugo bitiriye umugore we n’umwana we, no kuba harirengagijwe ibyo raporo ya muganga yagaragaje. [20] Ikibazo cy’ubuhamya bushingiye ku mabwire (preuve par ouï-dire) cyangwa ubuhamya buziguye (preuve indirecte) cyatenzweho umurongo n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RPA/Gén 00002/2018/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/07/2023 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Twahirwa François, uwo murongo ukavuga ko ibimenyetso bishingiye ku mabwire (preuve par oui-dire) cyangwa ibimenyetso biziguye (preuve indirecte) bishobora gushingirwaho n’Urukiko iyo bishyigikiwe n’ibindi bimenyetso bituma byizerwa, ukaba waranakurikijwe mu zindi manza zaciwe vuba, nk’urubanza RPAA 00251/2021/CA-00386/2021/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 03/07/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Kayinamura Télésphore alias Maso (igika cya 29). [21] Kugira ngo Urukiko Rukuru rwemeze ko Nyandwi Emmanuel akomeza guhanirwa icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana yahamijwe ku rwego rwa mbere, rwabishingiye ku mvugo ya M.C, ku mvugo ya se w’uwo mwana yumvikanisha ko ishingiye ku byavuzwe n’umwana wa Nyandwi witwa Uwamahoro, ku buhamya bwa Ngirumutware bushingiye kubyo yumvanye umugore wa Nyandwi no ku buhamya bwa Uwingabire bushingiye ku byo yumvanye Uwamahoro. [22] Ibimaze kuvugwa byumvikanisha ko usibye imvugo ya M.C wavuze ibyamubayeho, ibindi bimenyetso byashingiweho bishingiye ku mvugo z’abavuze ibyo bumvise nabwo kandi batabyumvanye M.C wakorewe icyaha ahubwo babyumvanye umugore wa Nyandwi n’umwana wabo batigeze babazwa muri uru rubanza, bivuze ko hashingiwe ku byemejwe mu rubanza rwavuzwe haruguru ( mu gika cya 19), imvugo zabo kugira ngo zigire agaciro zigomba gushimangirwa n’ibindi bimenyetso byemeza nta gushidikanya ko M.C yasambanyijwe ko kandi byakozwe na Nyandwi. [23] Urukiko rurasanga nyamara nta kindi kimenyetso gishyigikira ibyo abo batangabuhamya bavuze, kuko n’imvugo y’umwana Nyandwi ashinjwa gusambanya yashingiweho mu kumuhamya icyaha, n’ubwo ishobora gushingirwaho nk’iy’umuntu uvuga ibyo yakorewe, Urukiko rugomba gusuzuma ukuri kwayo ruyihuza n’ibindi bimenyetso, kandi ku birebana n’uru rubanza, usibye ubuhamya bwavuzwe haruguru ababutanze bakomoye ku bandi bantu batari n’uwakorewe icyaha, Urukiko rutakwemeza ko bugize ikimenyetso gishyigikira imvugo y’uwo mwana. [24] Urukiko rurasanga na raporo ya muganga yagombye gushyigikira imvugo y’uwo mwana, ntacyo yagaragaje kirebana n’isambanywa rye nk’uko n’Ubushinjacyaha bubivuga n’ubwo bubihuza no ku kuba yarakozwe hashize igihe, ndetse n’iby’uko mu gitsina cy’uwo mwana

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hashobora kujyamo intoki eshatu bikaba bitafatwa nk’ ikimenyetso kidashidikanywaho cy’uko ari ingaruka z’uko yasambanyijwe na Nyandwi, cyane cyane ko muganga yanzuye ko nta kintu kidasanzwe yamubonyeho. [25] Urukiko rurasanga rero hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu ivuga ko gushidikanya birengera ushinjwa, ko iyo urubanza rwakurikiranywe mu buryo bwose, ntihagire ibimenyetso nyakuri biboneka byemeza abacamanza ko ushinjwa yakoze icyaha koko, bagomba kwemeza ko atsinze, ibimenyetso byashingiweho ku birebana na Nyandwi bitemeza mu buryo budashidikanywaho ko yakoze icyaha akurikiranyweho, bityo akaba agihanaguweho. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [26] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nyandwi Emmanuel alias Kaguru bufite ishingiro; [27] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00252/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 29/04/2022 ruhindutse; [28] Rwemeje ko Nyandwi Emmanuel alias Kaguru adahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana yari akurikiranyweho, akaba agomba kurekurwa; [29] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.