UBUSHINJACYAHA v NYANDWI

UBUSHINJACYAHA v NYANDWI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-06-21 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00477/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v NYANDWI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00477/2023/CA (Kanyange, P.J.) 21 Kamena 2024] Amategeko yerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Ubujurire – Ibihe by’ubujurire – Iyo urubanza rusomwe uregwa ari muri kasho, byumvikana ko atashobora kujurira, kuko hashingiwe ku buryo ikoranabuhanga ryubatse (IECMS), imanza zicibwa ku birebana n’abakurikiranyweho ibyaha batari hanze, zimenyeshwa gereza babarizwamo, ubuyobozi bwazo bukazimenyesha abo bireba ndetse bukabafasha gutanga ubujurire bwabo binyuze muri ubwo buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, ibi bivuze ko uregwa atashobora kumenya ibyavuye mu rubanza yaburanye ngo abe yajurira, ahubwo iyo ageze muri gereza akaba aribwo ashobora kumenya imikirize yarwo, bivuze ko n’ibihe by’ubujurire kuri we bigomba kubarwa guhera kuri uwo munsi. Amategeko yerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Ubujurire – Igihe ubujurire bwagombaga kwakirwa mu Rukiko ariko ntibwakirwe, icyo cyemezo cyo kutakira ubwo bujurire kivanwaho, ubujurire bugasubizwa muri urwo Rukiko kugira ngo urubanza ruburanishwe mu mizi. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa rwa Rusizi, uregwa akurikiranywe ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, nyuma yuko uregwa afatiwe mu cyuho na se w’umwana

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M.M w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) amusambanya, mu kumukurikirana Ubushinjacyaha bwashingiraga ku bimenyetso birimo kuba yaracyemeye mu ibazwa rye akanagishinjwa n’umwana yasambanyije n’abatangabuhamya bamufatiye mu cyuho. Uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha avuga ariko ko bari babyumvikanyeho kuko yamubwiye ko afite imyaka cumi n’umunani (18). Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza, rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). Uregwa yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, avuga ko yahanishijwe ibihano birebire kandi yaremeye icyaha. Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwe kuko bwatanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire biteganywa n’Itegeko, bitewe n’uko urubanza yajuririye rwaciwe ku wa 27/05/2021, akora umwanzuro ku wa 28/07/2021, ushyikirizwa Urukiko ku wa 02/08/2021, ko rero yatinze kujurira kuko atagombaga kurenza itariki ya 26/05/2021. Uregwa yaburanye kuri iyi nzitizi avuga ko gutinda kujurira byatewe n’ibihe bya covid na guma mu rugo kuko yamenyeshejwe urubanza ku wa 26/07/2021 akajurira ku wa 28/07/2021, ko ageze muri gereza ari bwo yabonye uko ajurira. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe butakiriwe kuko bwatanzwe nyuma y’ibihe biteganywa n’amategeko. Uregwa yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwanze kwakira ubujurire bwe rwirengagije ko urubanza yari yajuririye rwaciwe ari muri kasho kubera ibihe bya covid 19, akaba yarashoboye kujurira ageze muri Gereza; ko mu gihe

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Urukiko rwasanga ubujurire bwe bwaragombaga kwakirwa, urubanza rwakoherezwa mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi kugira ngo ruruburanishe mu mizi. Ubushinjacyaha nabwo bwaburanye buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Nyandwi bwagombaga kwakirwa, kuko yaburanye ari muri kasho kubera ibihe bya covid igihugu cyarimo, byatumye abari muri kasho babatinzayo kugira ngo batajya muri gereza bakaba bakwanduza abandi, bakaba baramenyaga imikirize y’imanza zabo bageze muri gereza akaba atari kubona uko ajurira; ko rero urubanza rwe rwakoherezwa mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, kugira ngo ruburanishwe mu mizi. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Iyo urubanza rusomwe uregwa ari muri kasho, byumvikana ko atashobora kujurira, kuko hashingiwe ku buryo ikoranabuhanga ryubatse (IECMS), imanza zicibwa ku birebana n’abakurikiranyweho ibyaha batari hanze, zimenyeshwa gereza babarizwamo, ubuyobozi bwazo bukazimenyesha abo bireba ndetse bukabafasha gutanga ubujurire bwabo binyuze muri ubwo buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, ibi bivuze ko uregwa atashobora kumenya ibyavuye mu rubanza yaburanye ngo abe yajurira, ahubwo iyo ageze muri gereza akaba aribwo ashobora kumenya imikirize yarwo, bivuze ko n’ibihe by’ubujurire kuri we bigomba kubarwa guhera kuri uwo munsi.

2. Igihe ubujurire bwagombaga kwakirwa mu Rukiko ariko ntibwakirwe, icyo cyemezo cyo kutakira ubwo bujurire kivanwaho, ubujurire bugasubizwa muri urwo Rukiko kugira ngo urubanza ruburanishwe mu mizi. Bityo

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ikirego cy’ubujurire cya Nyandwi gisubijwe mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi kugira ngo rukiburanishe mu mizi. Urubanza rwajuririwe ruvanyweho. Dosiye isubijwe mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi kugirango iburanishwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, Ingingo ya 181 n’iya 193. Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Bogere Barige, RPA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ikirenga ku wa 23/03/2018. Ubushinjacyaha vs Niyinizeye Pacifique,

RPAA 00055/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/03/2024. Ubushinjacyaha vs Kabayiza Sylver,

RPAA 00020/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 05/01/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 24/04/2021, Nyandwi Innocent yafatiwe mu cyuho na se w’umwana w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17)

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wahawe izina rya M.M mu rubanza rujuririrwa ariho aramusambanya, atabaza abaturanyi barahurura bahita bamufata bamujyana mu Bugenzacyaha atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, bushingiye ku kuba yaracyemeye mu ibazwa rye akanagishinjwa n’umwana yasambanyije n’abatangabuhamya bamufatiye mu cyuho, hakaba n’icyemezo cy’amavuko kigaragaza ko M.M yari afite imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17), bumusabira guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [3] Nyandwi Innocent yireguye avuga ko yasambanyije M.M ku wa 30/04/2021 kandi ko yari inshuroo ya 3, ariko ko bari babyumvikanyeho kuko yamubwiye ko afite imyaka cumi n’umunani (18). [4] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza no RP 00144/2023/TGI/RSZ ku wa 27/05/2021, rusanga hari ibimenyetso bihamya icyaha Nyandwi Innocent bigizwe :  n’imvugo ze, aho kuva agifatwa yemeye icyaha asobanura ko yasambanyije M.M inshuro zirenga ebyiri ;  imvugo za M.M wamushinje ko yamusambanyije ;  imvugo z’abantangabuhamya barimo se w’uwo mwana wamufatiye mu cyuho ;

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 icyemezo cy’amavuko cya M.M kigaragaza ko yasambanyijwe afite imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17), ko rero imvugo ya Nyandwi Innocent y’uko yamusambanyije babyumvikanyeho kandi ko yari mukuru nta gaciro yahabwa, kuko ivuguruzwa n’icyo cyemezo. Rwasanze ariko kuba kuva mu nzego z’iperereza, Nyandwi Innocent yaremeye icyaha ataruhanyije, byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, maze rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). [5] Nyandwi Innocent yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, avuga ko yahanishijwe ibihano birebire kandi yaremeye icyaha. [6] Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwe kuko bwatanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire biteganywa n’Itegeko, bitewe n’uko urubanza yajuririye rwaciwe ku wa 27/05/2021, akora umwanzuro ku wa 28/07/2021, ushyikirizwa Urukiko ku wa 02/08/2021, ko rero yatinze kujurira kuko atagombaga kurenza itariki ya 26/05/2021. [7] Kuri iyo nzitizi Nyandwi Innocent yavuze ko gutinda kujurira byatewe n’ibihe bya covid na guma mu rugo kuko yamenyeshejwe urubanza ku wa 26/07/2021 akajurira ku wa 28/07/2021, ko ageze muri gereza ari bwo yabonye uko ajurira. [8] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza no RPA 00327/2021/HC/RSZ ku wa 09/11/2023, rusanga :

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 urubanza Nyandwi Innocent yajuririye rwaraburanishijwe ahari, amenyeshwa ko ruzasomwa ku wa 27/05/2021, ajurira ku wa 28/07/2021 hashize amezi agera kuri abiri (2), ni ukuvuga nyuma y’igihe cy’iminsi 30 giteganywa n’itegeko, kandi nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga1, umuburanyi wari uhari cyangwa ahagarariwe igihe urubanza rwacibwaga, uwamenyeshejwe umunsi ruzacibwaho ntaze cyangwa ngo yohereze umuhagararira, agomba kujurira mu gihe kitarenga iminsi mirongo itatu (30) uhereye ku itariki urubanza rwaciriweho;  ko ibyo Nyandwi Innocent avuga ko ibihe bigomba kubarwa kuva igihe yamenyesherejwe urubanza ku wa 26/07/2021, binyuranye n’umurongo wo mu rubanza rwavuzwe haruguru;  ko n’ibyo avuga ko yatinze kujurira bitewe no gushyirwa mu kato na guma mu rugo, nta kimenyetso abigaragariza, ko kandi bizwi ko igihe cy’icyorezo cya covid 19, akazi kakorwaga mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga. Rwemeje rero ko ubujurire bwe butakiriwe kuko bwatanzwe nyuma y’ibihe biteganywa n’amategeko. [9] Nyandwi Innocent yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwandikwa kuri no RPAA 00477/2023/CA, ruhabwa itariki yo kuburanishwa

1 Rwabishingiye ku rubanza RPA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe ku wa 23/03/2018

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yo ku wa 04/06/2024, uwo munsi ruburanishwa yunganiwe na Me Ntazika Néhémie, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ninahazwa Roselyne, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [10] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Nyandwi Innocent n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwanze kwakira ubujurire bwe rwirengagije ko urubanza yari yajuririye rwaciwe ari muri kasho kubera ibihe bya covid 19, akaba yarashoboye kujurira ageze muri Gereza; ko mu gihe Urukiko rwasanga ubujurire bwe bwaragombaga kwakirwa, urubanza rwakoherezwa mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi kugira ngo ruruburanishe mu mizi. [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha nawe avuga ko ubujurire bwa Nyandwi Innocent bwagombaga kwakirwa, kuko yaburanye ari muri kasho kubera ibihe bya covid igihugu cyarimo, akaba atari kubona uko ajurira; ko rero urubanza rwe rwakoherezwa mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, kugira ngo ruburanishwe mu mizi. [12] Impaka ziri muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba ubujurire bwa Nyandwi Innocent bwaragombaga kwakirwa mu Rukiko Rukuru. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO

KIGIZE URUBANZA  Kumenya niba ubujurire bwa Nyandwi Innocent bwaragombaga kwakirwa mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi

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[13] Nyandwi Innocent n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwanze kwakira ubujurire bwe ngo kuko yabutanze nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire biteganywa n’amategeko, rwirengagije ko byatewe n’impamvu itigobotorwa y’icyorezo cya covid 19, kuko ku rwego rwa mbere yaburanye ari kuri kasho urubanza rucibwa ari ho akiri kuko bangaga ko bajya aho abandi bari mu rwego rwo kwirinda icyo cyorezo, ko yamenyeshejwe imikirize y’urubanza ku wa 12/07/2021 akajurira ku wa 28/07/2021, ko rero ubujurire bwe bwagombaga kwakirwa bugasuzumwa, ko kuba bitarakozwe urubanza rwasubizwa mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi kugira ngo ruruburanishe. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko dosiye ya Nyandwi Innocent igaragaza ko yaburanye ku rwego rwa mbere ku wa 26/04/2021 afungiye muri kasho, urubanza rusomwa ku wa 27/05/2021 ariho agifungiye bitewe n’ibihe bidasanzwe byatewe na covid 19 byatumye abari muri kasho babatinzayo kugira ngo batajya muri gereza bakaba bakwanduza abandi, bakaba baramenyaga imikirize y’imanza zabo bageze muri gereza kandi dosiye ikaba igaragaza ko Nyandwi Innocent yagezeyo ku wa 08/07/2021, ko rero kubera ibyo bihe bidasanzwe, ibihe by’ubujurire bwabarwa guhera igihe yagereye muri gereza, bityo hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya ya 193 y’Itegeko No 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, Urukiko rukemeza ko ubujurire bwe bwagombaga kwakirwa, rugatesha agaciro urubanza rwajuririwe maze ubujurire bwe bukohererezwa Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi kugira ngo ruburanishwe mu mizi.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Ingingo ya 181 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha iteganya ko: ’’Kujurira bikorwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi mirongoitatu (30) uhereye ku itariki urubanza rwaciriweho ku muburanyi wari uhari ahagarariwe igihe urubanza rwacibwaga. Icyo gihe gikurikizwa kandi ku muburanyi wamenyeshejwe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, umunsi urubanza ruzacibwaho ntaze cyangwa ngo yohereze umuhagararira. Kujurira bikorwa mu gihe cy’iminsi mirongo itatu (30) uhereye ku itariki urubanza rwamenyesherejwe umuburanyi utari uhari igihe rwasomwaga’’. [16] Ku birebana n’igihe ubujurire bugomba gukorerwa, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwabitanzeho umurongo mu rubanza nº RPA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 23/03/2018 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bogere Barige wakurikijwe mu zindi zaciwe nyuma harimo urubanza nº RPAA 00055/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/03/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyinizeye Pacifique, uwo murongo ukaba uvuga ko umuburanyi wari uhari cyangwa ahagarariwe igihe urubanza rwacibwaga ndetse n’uwamenyeshejwe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko umunsi urubanza ruzacibwaho ntaze cyangwa ngo yohereze umuhagararira, bagomba kujurira mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 30 uhereye ku itariki urubanza rwaciriweho. [17] Nk’uko dosiye ibigaragaza, Nyandwi Innocent yaburanye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi ku wa

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26/05/2021, amenyeshwa ko urubanza ruzasomwa ku wa 27/05/2021 kandi uwo munsi rurasomwa. Dosiye igaragaza kandi ko ku wa 08/07/2021 ari bwo Nyandwi Innocent yageze mu Igororero rya Rusizi (RCS arriving date), bivuze ko urubanza yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, rwaciwe akiri muri kasho bitewe n’ibihe bya covid 19 byatumye abagororwa baguma mu kato mu rwego rwo gukumira ikwirakwira ry’icyo cyorezo nk’uko Ubushinjacyaha bubivuga, bivuze ko ibyo Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko nta kimenyetso NYANDWI yatanze cy’uko yari mu kato, bivuguruzwa n’ibiri muri dosiye kuko igargza ko yageze mu Igororero rya 08/07/2021. [18] N’ubwo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 181 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru bikanashimangirwa n’umurongo watanzwe mu rubanza rwavuzwe haruguru, igihe cyo kujurira kuri Nyandwi Innocent cyaragombaga kubarwa guhera ku wa 27/05/2021 bitewe n’uko yamenyeshejwe umunsi urubanza ruzasomerwaho kabone n’ubwo atari kwitaba kuri uwo munsi, Urukiko rurasanga ariko kuba urubanza rwarasomwe ari muri kasho, byumvikana ko atashoboraga kujurira, kuko hashingiwe ku buryo ikoranabuhanga ryubatse (IECMS), imanza zicibwa ku birebana n’abakurikiranyweho ibyaha batari hanze, zimenyeshwa gereza babarizwamo, ubuyobozi bwazo bukazimenyesha abo bireba ndetse bukabafasha gutanga ubujurire bwabo binyuze muri ubwo buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, kuko n’ubwo Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko muri icyo gihe hakoreshwaga ikoranabuhanga, rutasobanuye uburyo umuntu wabaga ari

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muri kasho yashoboraga gukoresha iryo koranabuhanga mu kumenya urubanza yaburanye no kuba yajurira. [19] Urukiko rurasanga rero, kuba urubanza Nyandwi Innocent yaburanye ku rwego rwa mbere rwaraciwe akiri muri kasho y’Ubugenzacyaha kubera ibihe Igihugu cyarimo byatewe n’icyorezo cya covid, bivuze ko atashoboraga kumenya ibyavuye mu rubanza yaburanye ngo abe yajurira, ahubwo ageze muri gereza ku wa 08/07/2021 akaba aribwo yashoboraga kumenya imikirize yarwo, bivuze ko n’ibihe by’ubujurire kuri we byagombaga kubarwa guhera kuri uwo munsi, bityo kuba yaranditse ibaruwa y’ubujurire ku wa 28/7/2021, akaba yari mu gihe cy’iminsi 30 giteganywa n’amategeko, kuko n’ubwo Ubuyobozi bw’Igororero butashyizeho itariki bwakiriyeho ibaruwa ye kandi biri mu nshingano zabwo, bigomba gufatwa ko bwayakiriye uwo munsi, bivuze rero ko ubujurire bwe bwagombaga kwakirwa bugasuzumwa. [20] Ku birebana n’Urukiko rugomba kuburanisha ubujurire bwa Nyandwi Innocent, Urukiko rurasanga nta mpaka zihari kuko ababuranyi bemeranya ko urubanza rugomba gusubizwa mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, ibyo kandi bikaba bihura n’ibiteganywa n’ ingingo ya 193, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha2, bikanahura n’ibyemejwe mu zindi

2 Iyo urukiko rwajuririwe rusanze urubanza rwari rwaregewe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko urukiko rwaruciye ku rwego rubanza rukavuga ko rutakiriwe kandi rwaragombaga kwakirwa, Urukiko rwajuririwe rurarwakira, rukagaragaza ko rwagombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere; rukarutesha agaciro maze rukarusubiza urukiko

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manza zarimo ikibazo nk’iki, nk’urubanza nº RPAA 00020/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 05/01/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Kabayiza Sylver, aho nyuma yo gusanga ubujurire bwe bwaragombaga kwakirwa mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwemeje ko urubanza urwo Rukiko rwaciye rwo kutakira ubwo bujurire ruvanweho, ko ubujurire bwe busubira muri urwo Rukiko kugira ngo urubanza ruburanishwe mu mizi. [21] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rurasanga ubujurire bwa Nyandwi Innocent bwaragombaga kwakirwa mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, bityo urubanza rwajuririwe rukaba ruvanweho, ikirego cy’ubujurire yari yatanze kigasubizwa muri urwo Rukiko kugira ngo rukiburanishe mu mizi. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nyandwi Innocent bufite ishingiro; [23] Rwemeje ko ubujurire yatanze mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi bwagombaga kwakirwa; [24] Rwemeje ko urubanza nº RPA 00327/2021/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 09/11/2023, ruvanweho;

rwari rwaruciye kugira ngo ruruburanishe mu mizi, nta yindi ngwate y’amagarama itanzwe”

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[25] Rutegetse ko dosiye isubizwa mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi kugira ngo ruburanishe ubujurire Nyandwi Innocent yari yaratanze; [26] Rwemeje ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.