NYANDWI N’ABANDI v SANLAM A.G Plc

# NYANDWI N’ABANDI v SANLAM A.G Plc

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-12-21 - Case/document no.: RCA 00379/2022/HC/KIG - Collection: High Court

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NYANDWI N’ABANDI v SANLAM A.G Plc [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU - RCA 00379/2022/HC/KIG (Hitimana, P.J.) 21 Ukuboza 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Ubwishingizi bw’impanuka zo mu muhanda – Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka – Indishyi mbangamirabukungu ku mukozi ukora akazi k’ikiraka - Umuntu ukora akazi k’ikiraka ntashobora kubarirwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu hagendewe ku mushahara yahabwaga kuko atari umukozi ukorera umushahara uzwi ku buryo hamenyekana igihembo cye cya nyuma atahana cyashingirwaho abarirwa izo ndishyi. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yabaye ubwo imodoka ifite ubwishingizi bwa Sanlam A.G Plc (Sanlam), kubwo kunyuranaho nabi kw’icyo kinyabiziga, yagonze igare ryari ritwawe na Byiringiro aza gupfa. Abaregera indishyi bandikiye umwishingizi ariko ntibabasha kumvikana ku ndishyi bituma batanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge basaba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu n’izindi. Urukiko rwategetse Sanlam guha abarega indishyi zinyuranye ariko ntibanyurwa n’uko izo ndishyi Urukiko rwazibaze bituma bajurira mu Rukiko rukuru. Urukiko Rukuru rwakiriye ubwo bujurire maze rusuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba mu kugena indishyi mbangamirabukungu zarabazwe mu buryo bunyuranye n’iteka rigena izo ndishyi niba kandi ababyeyi b’uwazize impanuka baragombaga kuzigenerwa. Abaregera indishyi bavuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa, indishyi mbangamirabukungu zabazwe nabi mu buryo budakurikije amategeko kuko nyakwigendera yari umufundi aho yakoreraga amafaranga ibihumbi birindwi (7000 Frw) ku munsi akabasha gutunga umubyeyi we ariko urukiko rukabara indishyi mbangamirabukngu ku mafaranga ibihumbi bitatu (3000 Frw) kandi ntirwita ku myaka Byiringiro yari asigaje gukora. Sanlam yo ivuga ko Urukiko rwatanze indishyi mbangamirabukungu kandi nyakwigendera atariwe wari utunze ababyeyi be kuko nta kimenyetso gifatika batanze uretse inyandiko y’Umukuru w’umudugudu igaragaza ko ngo Nyakwigendera yari ingaragu abana n’ababyeyi be anabafasha mu kubona ibibatunga, icyo cyonyine kikaba kidahagije ngo hemezwe ko ariwe wari ubatunze. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umuntu ukora akazi k’ikiraka ntashobora kubarirwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu hagendewe ku mushahara yahabwaga kuko atari umukozi ukorera umushahara uzwi ku buryo hamenyekana igihembo cye cya nyuma atahana cyashingirwaho abarirwa izo ndishyi. Bityo, ibivugwa n’abarega b’uko indishyi zabarirwa ku 7000 Rwf bikaba bidafite ishingiro kuko nta kindi kimenyetso bagaragaza cyemeza ko yatahanaga umushahara uzwi ku buryo hamenyekana igihembo cye cya nyuma yatahanaga cyashingirwaho ababyeyi be babarirwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N°41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye itangwa ry'indishyi ku bahohotewe biturutse ku mpanuka zo ku mubiri zitewe n'ibinyabiziga, ingingo ya 4;

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Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ingingo ya 10, 22. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RC 00003/2021/CA, Muhoza Vs Sanlam, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 09/07/2021. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge aho Nyandwi Innocent, Niyonsaba Ancille, Uwitonze Alvera, Nsabimana Joseph, Nshimiyimana Froduard, Muhire Innocent na Uwimana Clémentine barega Sanlam Assurances Generales Ltd basobanura ko ku wa 15/11/2020, mu Mudugudu w’Amizero, Akagali k’Amahoro, Umurenge wa Muhima, Akarere ka Nyarugenge, ahitwa ku Kinamba habereye impanuka y’imodoka Camionette Mitsubish Fuso RAD 628G, yari itwawe na Nzibonera Innocent, uwitwa Byiringiro Emmanuel wari utwaye igare ayikomerekeramo, biza no kumuviramo urupfu, inyandiko-mvugo y’impanuka igaragaza ko impanuka yatewe no kunyuranaho nabi byakozwe na Nzibonera Innocent wari utwaye Camionette Mitsubish Fuso RAD 628G, byatumye agonga igare, uwari uritwaye agapfa naho uwo ryari rihetse agakomereka, ko nyuma y’impanuka yahitanye umuvandimwe wabo Byiringiro Emmanuel ko bandikiye umwishingizi z’icyo kinyabiziga bamushyikiriza impapuro zigaragaza icyateye iyo mpanuka, ibyemezo bigaragaza imyirondoro y’abagize umuryango wa nyakwigendera ndetse banasaba ko habaho ubwumvikane ariko umwishingizi yanga gutanga izo ndishyi, byatumye baregera urukiko basaba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, indishyi z’ibangamira ry’umuco ndetse n’andi mafaranga yose yakoreshejwe mu gukurikirana izi ndishyi; [2] Sanlam A.G Plc yarezwe yaburanye muri urwo rukiko ivuga ko uwitabye Imana watangiwe ibyangombwa ntaho ahuriye n’abarega, ko bavuze ko ari Byiringiro Emmanuel mwene Nyandwi na Niyonsaba Ancille, ariko ko abavuga ko ari ababyeyi be ku byemezo batanze handitseho ko ari Nyandwi Innocent na Niyonsaba Ancille, ko kandi Urukiko rusanze aribo koko abavandimwe bahabwa indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 540.000Frw kuri buri muntu naho ku babyeyi hagatangwa 810.000 Frw kuri buri muntu, ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zo zitatangwa kubera ko nta cyemezo ko nyakwigendera ariwe wari ubatunze ko n’inyandiko bavuga ko igaragaza umushahara itashingirwaho, naho ku birebana n’amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu gushyingura, ivuga ko hatangwa ayagaragarijwe ibimenyetso; [3] Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaregewe rwemeje ko ikirego cya Nyandwi na bagenzi be gifite ishingiro, rwemeza kandi rutegeka Sanlam AG Plc kwishyura ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera Byiringiro Emmanuel, aribo Nyandwi Innocent na Niyonsaba Ancille indishyi mbangamirabukungu zingana na 1.080.000Frw, rutegeka Sanlam AG Plc kwishyura Nyandwi Innocent na Niyonsaba Ancille indishyi z’ibangamira ry’umubano zingana na 1.620.000Frw, kuri bombi, naho Uwitonze Alvera, Nsabimana Joseph, Nshimiyimana Froduard, Muhire Innocent na Uwimana Clémentine, aribo bavandimwe ba nyakwigendera, bagahabwa indishyi zingana na 2.700.000Frw kuri bose, rutegeka kandi Sanlam kwishyura abarega amafaranga y’ibyo

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bakoresheje mu rupfu rwa nyakwigendera Byiringiro Emmanuel bihwanye na 337.000Frw, ikabishyura na 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 50.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, no gusubizwa 20.000Frw yatanzweho ingwate y’amagarama; [4] Nyandwi Innocent, Niyonsaba Ancille, Uwitonze Alvera, Nsabimana Joseph, Nshimiyimana Froduard, Muhire Innocent na Uwimana Clémentine bajuririye urwo rubanza muri uru rukiko rukuru, bavuga ko Urukiko rwageneye abavandimwe n’ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera indishyi mbangamirabukungu rudashingiye ku buryo itegeko rizibara, igasaba ko urukiko rwazigena rushingiye kuri formule iteganywa n’itegeko, bagasaba kandi indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza n’ikurikirana rubanza; [5] Sanlam yiregura ku mpamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe na Nyandwi na bagenzi be ivuga ko izo mpamvu zitahabwa ishingiro kubera ko urukiko rwakurikije itegeko kandi ko nta kimenyetso abarega bagaragaza ko uwazize impanuka yarasanzwe atunze ababyeyi be kuko yapfuye ari ingaragu, naho ikimenyetso bagaragaza ko kitashingirwaho hemeza ko uwazize impanuka yari umukozi, ko buririye ku bujurire bw’abarega ko Sanlam isanga hari amafaranga yo gushyingura yagenwe nta kimenyetso gishingiweho, igasaba ko yahabwa indishyi zikurikirana rubanza n’igihembo cya avocat; II. IBIBAZO BIGARAGARA MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO a. Ibibazo bigaragara mu rubanza. [6] Muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ibibazo byo kumenya niba mu kugena indishyi mbangamirabukungu zarabazwe mu buryo bunyuranye n’iteka rigene bene izo ndishyi niba kandi ababyeyi b’uwazize impanuka baragombaga kuzigenerwa koko, rukanasuzuma niba amafanga yo gushyingura yagenwe nta bimenyetso urukiko rushingiyeho no kumenya niba hari izindi ndishyi zagenwa muri uru rubanza; b. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA. Kubirebana no kumenya niba mu kugena indishyi mbangamirabukungu urukiko rwisumbuye rwarazibaze mu buryo bunyuranye n’amategeko niba kandi ababyeyi b’uwazize impanuka baragombaga kuzigenerwa koko; [7] Mu mwanzuro wa Nyandwi Innocent, Niyonsaba Ancille, Uwitonze Alvera, Nsabimana Joseph, Nshimiyimana Froduard, Muhire Innocent na Uwimana Clémentine kimwe n’ibyo ubaburanira yavugiye mu nama ntegura rubanza, ndetse no kuburana kw’abarega baburanirwa na Me Sebibanza Elie asobanura ko Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaciye urubanza RC 00414/2021/TGI/NYGE aho Nyandwi Innocent na bagenzi be baburanaga na Sanlam, haburanwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka, indishyi zaburanwagaho zaratanzwe ariko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zikaba zarabazwe nabi, zibarwa mu buryo bunyuranije n'itegeko, akaba ariyo mpamvu hatanzwe ubujurire kugira ngo urukiko rukuru rukureho iyo nenge, ko mu gika cya 12, urukiko rwisumbuye rwagize ruti "Urukiko rurasanga kuba Byiringiro Emmanuel yari umusore w’imyaka makumyabiri n’umwe irengaho amezi 10, kuko yari yaravutse ku wa 1/1/2000, akitaba

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Imana ku wa 09/12/2020, akaba yari afite imbaraga ashoboye gukora kandi akaba yari akibana n’ababyeyi be, nta cyatuma ibyemejwe n’ubuyobozi bw’Umudugudu wa Nyamirama, Akagali ka Mugobore, ko yafashaga umuryango we kubona ibiwutunga bidahabwa agaciro ngo bifatwe nk’ukuri, bityo bikaba bigomba gushingirwaho ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera bahabwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida n° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003, yavuzwe haruguru", ko aha urukiko rwari rwabisobanuye neza ariko mu gika cya 15, urukiko rwirengagiza formule iteganywa n’itegeko maze rubara indishyi mbangamirabukungu muri ubu buryo: 1 x 3000 x 30 x 12 =1.080.000 Frw, bakaba basanga urukiko rutarigeze rusobanura impamvu rubaze indishyi muri ubwo buryo, akaba ariyo mpamvu batanze ubujurire basaba ko iyi nenge ikosorwa maze indishyi mbangamirabukungu zikabarwa hitawe kuri formule iteganywa n'ingingo ya 22 y'iteka rya perezida rigena imyishyurire y'indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka ndetse hakanitabwa ku musaruro nyakwigendera yatahanaga, bityo indishyi mbangamirabukungu zikabarwa muri ubu buryo: 7,000Frw * 30 * 12 * 45 * 2/3:1+ (6%*45) = 20,432,432Frw; [8] Mu mwanzuro wa Sanlam A.G Plc iburanirwa na Me Rwimo Clotilde avuga ko abajuriye bavuga ko indishyi mbagamirabukungu zategetswe mu rubanza RC 00414/2021/TGI/NYGE zabazwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’itegeko aho bavuga ko mu gika cya cumi na gatanu urukiko rwirengagije formule iteganywa n’itegeko maze rubara indishyi mbangamirabukungu muburyo bukurikira: 1 x 3000 x 30 x 12 = 1.080.000frw, bakavuga ko zarikubarwa hitawe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 22 y’iteka rya perezida rigena imyishyurire n’indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka itewe n’ibinyabiziga, nyamara Sanlam yo ibona izo ndishyi ahubwo urukiko rutari kuzitegeka; [9] Mu mwanzuro wa Sanlam A.G Plc iburanirwa na Me Rwimo Clotilde ko ku rupapuro rwa gatatu n’urwa kane rw’urubanza rujuririrwa urukiko rwategetse Sanlam A.G Plc gutanga indishyi mbangamirabukungu rwirengagije imyiregurire ya Sanlam A.G Plc nyamara mu byukuri nta kimenyetso kigaragaza nta shiti ko nyakwigendera yaratunze nyina kuko uyu nyakwigendera yitabye Imana ari ingaragu, ko Ingingo ya 22 al. 1 y’iteka rya perezida rigena uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, iteganya ko izi ndishyi zihabwa abantu bari baratunzwe na nyakwigendera mu buryo bwumvikana cyane ko yari ingaragu, ahubwo ariwe warutunzwe n’ababyeyi be, ko abarega rero nta kimenyetso batanze kigaragaza ko baribatunzwe na nyakwigendera ngo banagaragaze buryo ki yarabatunze, naho ku kijyanye n’icyemezo cy’ubuyobozi cyatanzwe n’abarega, iki cyemezo babona kitari gushingirwaho kuko mu byukuri cyatanzwe kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu gusaba indishyi kuko ubuyobozi bwagitanze butigeze bugaragaza aho bwashingiye butanga aya makuru, cyangwa se n’abasaba izi ndishyi ngo bagaragaze aho bashingira basaba izi ndishyi, Sanlam A.G Plc igasaba ko Urukiko rwazashingira ku rubanza rwaciwe n’urukiko rw’ikirenga mu rubanza RCAA 0049//14/CS rwaciwe kuwa 25/11/2016 mu gika cya 19, aho urukiko rw’ikirenga rwemeje ko icyemezo cyatanzwe n’ubuyobozi ataricyo kimenyetso gihamya ko abarega bari batunzwe na nyakwigendera, bityo Sanlam A.G Plc isaba ko izi ndishyi mbangamirabukungu urukiko rwisumbuye rwategetse ko zakurwaho kuko zatanzwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko; Uko uru rukiko rubibona

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[10] Uru rukiko rusanga impaka ziri muri uru rubanza ari ukumenya niba indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka zijyanye n’ibangamirabukungu zagenerwa ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera kandi niba zabarwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 22 y’iteka rya perezida; [11] Uru rukiko rusanga ikinengwa na Sanlam A.G Plc ivuga ko izo ndishyi ahubwo zidakwiye gutangwa nubwo abarega bo bavuga ko zabazwe mu buryo bunyuranye n’ingingo ya 22 y’iteka rya Perezida rigena indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka kubera ko yo isanga nta kimenyetso cyemeza ko uwazize impanuka yarasanzwe ariwe utunze abarega muri uru rubganza; [12] Uru rukiko rusanga rwashingira ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 10 y’iteka rya Perezida nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ivuga ko “Iyo uwahohotewe apfuye, abafite uburenganzira ku bye bagomba kugeza ku Mwishingizi bidatinze, dosiye yuzuye y'indishyi igizwe n'ibi bikurikira: inyandiko-mvugo irebana n'impanuka yakozwe na polisi; icyemezo cy'uko uwahohotewe yapfuye cyatanzwe n'umuganga wemewe na Leta; icyemezo cy'uko uwahohotewe yapfuye cyatanzwe n'umutegetsi ubifitiye ububasha; ibyemezo by'amavuko by'uwahohotewe n'iby'abamufiteho uburenganzira; icyemezo cy'umwirondoro wuzuye w'uwahohotewe n'uw'abamufiteho uburenganzira. Ibyemezo by'uko abafite uburenganzira bariho; Icyemezo cy'ubushyingiranwe cy'uwo bashyingiranwe ukiriho”; [13] Rushingiye kandi ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 22 y’iteka rya perezida rigena indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka, rusanga ivuga uburyo izo ndishyi zibarwa, aho isobanura ko “Ibangamirabukungu rikorewe abafite uburenganzira bitewe n'urupfu rw'umuntu ritangirwa indishyi hakurikijwe umusaruro uva ku murimo umuntu atahana nk'uko ugenwa n'ingingo ya 4 y'Itegeko N°41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye itangwa ry'indishyi ku bahohotewe biturutse ku mpanuka zo ku mubiri zitewe n'ibinyabiziga. Abafite uburenganzira ku buryo byumvikana ko bari batunzwe n'uwahohotewe ni bo bonyine bashobora guhabwa indishyi. Amafaranga ahabwa abafite uburenganzira bose hamwe ntagomba kurenga 2/3 by'umusaruro wavuzwe ukomoka ku murimo umuntu atahana, 1/3 gisigaye kigafatwa nk'amafaranga yo kwita ku wahohotewe ubwe. Iyo uwahohotewe ukorera umushahara yari yarahagaritse akazi igihe kitarenze amezi atandatu, abafite uburenganzira be bazahabwa amafaranga hakurikijwe igihembo cye cya nyuma umuntu atahana hamwe n'imyakaye. Iyo uwahohotewe nta murimo n'umwe ushingiye ku mwuga yakoraga, cyangwa se yakoraga gusa imirimo yo mu rugo, cyangwa iyo abafite uburenganzira be badashobora kumenya neza umusaruro we nyakuri ukomoka ku murimo, itangwa ry'indishyi rizakorwa bahereye ku misaruro zitagaragara ikurikira: • kuva ku myaka 0 kugeza kuri 16: ntacyo, • hejuru y'imyaka 16: 1 x umushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko. Amafaranga atangwa kubera itakazwa ry'agaciro k'umukozi wo mu rugo ntashobora gutangwa hamwe n'amafaranga abarwa bahereye ku musaruro ukomoka ku murimo. Iyo uwahohotewe yakoraga umwuga wigenga, igenwa ry'umusaruro rikorwa hakurikijwe ingingo ya 4 y'Itegeko No 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye itangwa ry'indishyi ku bahohotewe biturutse ku mpanuka zo ku mubiri zitewe n'ibinyabiziga. Indishyi zizatangwa nk'uko bikorwa mu gutanga amafaranga (capital) hakurikijwe uburyo bukurikira: Umusaruro w'umwaka umuntu atahana w'uwahohotewe X umubare w'imyaka ashigaje kubaho akora X 2/3: 1 + (igipimo cy'ibitsa X umubare w'imyaka yo kwibeshaho), muri ibyo byose, indishyi zose hamwe zigomba gutangwa ntabwooo zigomba kurenga inshuro ijana umushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa”;

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[14] Uru rukiko rusanga mu kugena izo ndishyi mbangamirabukungu, urukiko rwisumbuye rwazigennye rushingiye kuri iyi ngingo ya 22 y’iteka ryavuzwe, ariko mu kuzigena rwagarukiye ahavuga ku mushahara w’umwaka muto ntaregwa gusa hadashyizweho ibikubiye mu gika kivuga kiti: “Umusaruro w'umwaka umuntu atahana w'uwahohotewe X umubare w'imyaka ashigaje kubaho akora X 2/3:1 + (igipimo cy'ibitsa X umubare w'imyaka yo kwibeshaho)”, nyamara mu gusoza iyo ngingo bigaragara ko umushingamategeko yasobanuye neza ko mu ndishyi zose zatangwa ko zidakwiye kurenga inshuro ijana y’umushaha w’umwaka muto ntarengwa, usibye n’ibyo kandi uru rukiko rusanga igika cya nyuma kibara ibyerekeye imyaka y’umuntu asigaje kubaho akora biza byiyongera ku mafaranga baheraho babarirwaho indishyi niba ari umushahara umuntu ukora atahana cyangwa se umushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa (SMIG) ko atari ukugarukira ku mushahara gusa cyangwa kuri SMIG dore ko iyo ngingo ya 22 isobanura neza ko mu kugena indishyi zibarwa hakurikijwe umusaruro uva ku murimo umuntu atahana (sur base), ibisobanuro by’icyo umuntu atahana akaba aribyo bisobanurwa mu bika bikurikiye, byarangira umushingamategeko yagaragaje ko iyo umaze kubona icyo umuntu atahana ko aribyo ubikuba n’imyaka yarasigaje kubaho akora, ugakuba na 2/3 ndetse ukagabanya n’igipimo cy’ibitsa gikubye ya myaka umuntu yarasigaje gukora ukongeraho rimwe, rukaba rusanga kandi uburyo izi ndishyi zabazwe zishingiye kuri iyi ngingo ariko kandi rusanga zitarabazwe neza, kuko hari ibyibagiranye gushingirwaho aribyo by’imyaka umuntu yarasigaje gukora ndetse n’igabanya ku gipimo cy’ibitsa, ko ibivugwa n’abarega ko izo ndishyi zabazwe mu buryo budakurikije itegeko bikaba byahabwa ishingiro, ahubwo icyaba gisigaye n’ukumenya niba ababyeyi bazigenerwa hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’iyi ngingo kandi niba zabarirwa ku musaruro uwahohotewe n’impanuka yakoreraga; [15] Uru rukiko rusanga mu ngingo yavuzwe haruguru ya 22 y’iteka rya Perezida nº 31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ivuga ko “Abafite uburenganzira ku buryo byumvikana ko bari batunzwe n'uwahohotewe ni bo bonyine bashobora guhabwa indishyi”, akaba ari naho Sanlam A.G Plc ihera ivuga ko abaregera indishyi badakwiye kugenerwa izo ndishyi mbangamirabukungu kuko nta kimenyetso cyemeza ko uwazize impanuka yarasanzwe atunze ababyeyi be, naho abarega bo bakavuga ko umwana wabo yarabatunze kuko yari umufundi kandi ko yakoreraga amafaranga ahwanye na 7.000Frw ku munsi nkuko inyandiko y’umukoresha we ibigaragaza; [16] Uru rukiko rusanga ibyerekeye kuba uwazize impanuka yarasanzwe ariwe utunze ababyeyi be, urukiko rwisumbuye rwasobanuye mu gika cya 12 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa muri aya magambo: “Urukiko rurasanga kuba Byiringiro Emmanuel yari umusore w’imyaka makumyabiri n’umwe irengaho amezi 10, kuko yari yaravutse ku wa 1/1/2000, akitaba Imana ku wa 9/12/2020, akaba yari afite imbagara ashoboye gukora kandi akaba yari akibana n’ababyeyi be, nta cyatuma ibyemejwe n’ubuyobozi bw’Umudugudu wa Nyamirama, Akagali ka Mugobore, ko yafashaga umuryango we kubona ibiwutunga bidahabwa agaciro ngo bifatwe nk’ukuri, bityo bikaba bigomba gushingirwaho ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera bahabwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida n° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003, yavuzwe haruguru”; [17] Uru rukiko rusanga ibivugwa na Sanlam A.G Plc ko nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko uwazize impanuka ariwe Byiringiro Emmanuel yarasanzwe ariwe utunze ababyeyi be ariko ikaba itagaragaza ikivuguruza iki kimenyetso cyatanzwe n’inzego z’ibanze urukiko rwisumbuye

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rwashingiyeho rwemeza ko ababyeyi bakwiye kugenerwa izo ndishyi nubwo rwasanze rwarazibaze mu buryo bunyunye n’iteka rigena izo ndishyi; [18] Ku byerekeye ibivugwa n’abarega ko izo ndishyi mbangamirabukungu zashingira ku mushahara wagaragajwe wemeza ko Byirigiro Emmanuel yari umufundi kandi ko yakoreraga ahwanye na 7000Frw ku munsi ariko uru rukiko rusanga ibyerekeye iki kimenyetso cyemeza ko Byiringiro Emmanuel yakoraga nka nyakabyizi, kandi abakorera ku munsi (casual labor) rusanga urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwaratanze umurongo aho mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00003/2021/CA1, aho mu gika cya 20 kivuga kiti: “Urukiko rurasanga ibyo Muhoza Gervais asaba ko yabarirwa indishyi y'ibangamirabukungu hashingiwe ku mushahara ungana na 20.000Frw ku munsi yakoreraga muri inspire Construction Company nta shingiro bifite, kubera ko icyemezo cy’umushahara avuga ko cyirengagijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kigaragaza ko akazi yakoraga ari ak’ikiraka (casual labor), bikaba byumvikana ko atari umukozi ukorera umushahara uzwi ku buryo hamenyekana igihembo cye cya nyuma atahana cyashingirwaho abarirwa izo ndishyi”, uyu murongo ukaba wahuzwa n’uru rubanza akaba nta kindi kimenyetso abarega bagaragaza cyemeza ko Byiringiro yatahanaga umushahara uzwi ku buryo hamenyekana igihembo cye cya nyuma yatahanaga cyashingirwaho ababyeyi be babarirwa izo ndishyi mbangamirabukungu ahubwo rusanga nkuko ingingo ya 22 y’iteka ryavuzwe haruguru ko iyo abafite uburenganzira be badashobora kumenya neza umusaruro we nyakuri ukomoka ku murimo, itangwa ry'indishyi rizakorwa bahereye ku misaruro zitagaragara ikurikira: • kuva ku myaka 0 kugeza kuri 16: ntacyo, • hejuru y'imyaka 16: 1 x umushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko, bityo no muri uru rubanza rusanga mu kugena indishyi zabarwa bahereye (sur base) ku mushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko, ariko izo ndishyi zikabarwa nkuko ingingo ya 22 yasobanuwe haruguru ibivuga ko hiyongeraho imyaka umuntu yarasigaje gukora na 2/3 ndetse no kugabanya igipimo cy’ibitsa, izo ndishyi ababyeyi ba Byiringiro bakagenerwa izibazwe muri ubu buryo: 3.000Frw X 30 X 12 X 45 X 2/3: 1 + (9.464%2 X 45) = 32.400.000Frw: 5,2588= 6.161.101Frw akaba arizo ndishyi mbangamirabukungu ababyeyi ba Byiringiro bakwiye guhabwa, izagenwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa zikaba zihindutse. Kubirebana no kumenya niba amafaranga yo gushyingura yaratanzwe nta bimenyetso bishingiweho [19] Me Rwimo Clotilde uburanira Sanlam A.G Plc avuga ko ku rupapuro rwa 6 rw’urubanza rujuririrwa urukiko rwategetse Sanlam A.G Plc gutanga amafaranga 900.000Frw abarega ngo yo gushyingura nyamara nta bimenyetso bihamye babitangira nkuko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 21 y’iteka ryavuzwe haruguru ibiteganya, bakaba basanga urukiko rwisumbuye rwarirengagije amategeko, bagasanga ko aya mafaranga yo gusyingura yatanzwe ari umurengera, tko ayari gutangwa atari kurenza ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) kuko nta kigaragaza ko ayo mafaranga ibihumbi magana cyenda (900.000Frw) bayatanze, bityo Sanlam A.G Plc ikaba isaba ko uru rukiko rwakuraho iyo mikirize y’urukiko rwisumbuye; [20] Me Sebibanza Elie uburanira Nyandwi Innocent na bagenzi be avuga ko kuri iyi ngingo basanga amafaranga yagenwe n’Urukiko akwiye nkuko bigaragara, ko Sanlam A.G Plc idahakana

1 Reba urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00003/2021/CA rwaciwe n’urukiko rw’ubujurire kuwa 09/07/2021 mu gika cya 20 aho rwaburanwaga na Muhoza Vs Sanlam. 2 Reba igipimo cy’ibitsa kurubu kigeze kuri 9.464% kigaragara ku rubuga rwa https://www.bnr.rw/browse- in/financial-market/money-market-interest-rates/monthly-interest-rates/.

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ko uwo muhango wo gushyingura utabayeho kandi ko atari uwo muhango ukorwa wonyine, bityo akaba asanga amafaranga yategetswe akwiye gutangwa nkuko urukiko rwabyemeje; Uko uru rukiko rubibona [21] Uru rukiko rusanga nubwo Sanlam A.G Plc ivuga ko hagenewe umuryango wa Byiringiro Emmanuel wazize impanuka y’ikinyabiziga Sanlam A.G Plc yari ifitiye ubwishingizi bakagenerwa n’urukiko ahwanye na 900.000Frw yo gushyingura kandi nta bimenyetso bagaragaje, nyamara iyo uru rukiko rusuzumye ibyemejwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye mu rubanza rujuririrwa cyane mu gika cya 23 rwavuze ku mafaranga yo gushyingura muri aya magambo: “Ku birebana n’amafaranga yo gushyingura, Urukiko rurasanga nta bimenyetso byagaragajwe by’ayakoreshejwe, bityo amafaranga abarega basaba yose bakaba batayahabwa. Rurasanga ariko kandi n’ubwo nta bimenyetso byagaragajwe, byumvikana ko BYIRINGIRO Emmanuel yashyinguwe, mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko umuryango we ukaba ugomba gusubizwa gusa amafaranga ajyanye n’ibikorwa byo gushyingura bya ngombwa bigomba kubaho byanze ikunze, ariyo 50.000 Frw y’imodoka yatwaye umurambo, 180.000 Frw yo kugura isanduku, 50.000 Frw y’imva, 20.000 Frw yo kugura amashuka. Rusanga ku birebana n’amafaranga bavuga ko yishyuwe kwa muganga ndetse n’ay’ingendo nta bimenyetso biyagaragaza, naho ay’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa ndetse n’ayo gufata amashusho, uretse no kuba nayo nta bimenyetso bayagaragariza, atari ibikorwa bya ngombwa bigomba gukorwa byanze bikunze mu gushyingura ku uryo byakwishyuzwa umwishingizi”; [22] Uru rukiko rusanga ibivugwa na Sanlam A.G Plc ko urukiko rwategetse ahwanye na 900.000Frw nk’amafaranga yo gushyingura ariko ko ntaho uru rukiko rusanga ariyo yatanzwe ahubwo ayagenwe rusanga ahwanye na 50.000Frw y’imodoka yatwaye umurambo, 180.000Frw yo kugura isanduku, 50.000Frw y’imva, 20.000 Frw yo kugura amashuka, yose hamwe akaba ahwanye na 300.000Frw, mu gika cyakurikiyeho cya 24 uyu mubare wa 300.000Frw wagenwe mu bushishozi bw’urukiko ruyahuza n’andi yavuzwe mu gika cya 21 ahwanye na 28.600Frw yo kugura ibyemezo ndetse na 8.400Frw yaguzwe dosiye y’impanuka rwemeza mu gika cya 24 ndetse n’icya 31 ko ariyo mafaranga Sanlam A.G Plc ikwiye gusubiza nk’ayakoreshejwe yose kubera urupfu rwa Byiringiro Emmanuel, bityo izi ndishyi abarega bakaba batarigeze bazijuririra ngo ziyongere nubwo Sanlam A.G Plc yo yemera ko nayo yagombaga kurenga aya yategetswe kuko ivuga ko atagombaga kurenga ahwanye na 500.000Frw ariko kandi uru rukiko rukemeza ko ayategetswe mu rubanza rujuririrwa ariyo yagumaho kuko rubona ibivugwa na Sanlm A.G Plc bitandukanye n’ibyemejwe muri urwo rubanza kandi nibyemejwe abajuriye bakaba batabinenga; Ku byerekeye kumenya niba hari indishyi zagenwa muri uru rubanza n’ukwiye kuzigenerwa [23] Me Sebibanza Elie uburanira Nyandwi Innocent, Niyonsaba Ancille, Uwitonze Alvera, Nsabimana Joseph, Nshimiyimana Froduard, Muhire Innocent na Uwimana Clémentine avuga ko basaba indishyi zikurikirana rubanza zingana na 400,000Frw ndetse n'igihembo cy'avoka ku rwego rw'ubujurire kingana na 600,000Frw; [24] Me Rwimo Clotilde uburanira Sanlam AG Plc yiregura kuri izo ndishyi avuga ko izi ndishyi ndetse n'igihembo cya avoka abajuriye basaba ntazo bahabwa kuko aribo bishora mu rubanza rutagira ishingiro, ahubwo buririye ku bujurire bwabo ko Sanlam A.G Plc isaba ko kuba

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abarega mu bujurire barayishoye mu manza zitari ngombwa basaba ibyo batemererwa n’amategeko bigatuma ibisabira amafaranga y’ikurikirana rubanza angana na 500.000Frw n’igihembo cy’avoka kigana na 500.000Frw, n’amafaranga y’igarama Sanlam A.G Plc yatanze mu kujurira angana na 40.000Frw; [25] Me Sebibanza Elie uburanira Nyandwi Innocent na bagenzi be yiregura kuri ubwo bujurire bwuririye ku bundi avuga ko kuri iyi ngingo ibyo Sanlam AG Plc isaba basanga itabikwiye kuko habanje umuhango w’ubwumvikane ariko uza kunanirana kubera amananiza ya Sanlam A.G Plc, bityo akaba ariyo yatumye hitabaza ubutabera. Uko uru rukiko rubibona. [26] Uru rukiko rusanga ku byerekeye indishyi zisabwa na Nyandwi Innocent, Niyonsaba Ancille, Uwitonze Alvera, Nsabimana Joseph, Nshimiyimana Froduard, Muhire Innocent na Uwimana Clémentine, ko kuba ibyo bajuririye byahawe ishingiro, bigaragara ko batagamije gushora mu manza uregwa Sanlam A.G Plc ahubwo ari uburenganzira bahabwa n’itegeko batagenewe, rusanga Sanlam A.G Plc ikwiye kwishyura abarega mu bujurire indishyi zijyanye n’ikurikirana rubanza ku rwego rw’ubujurire zibazwe mu bushishozi bw’urukiko zingana n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000Frw) kuri bose, naho igihembo cya avocat uru rukiko rukaba rusanga ayo abajuriye bagenewe ku rwego rwa mbere, bahabwa ahwanye na kimwe cya kabiri cyayo nkuko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 33 y’amabwiriza n° 01/2014 agena ibihembo mbonera by’abavoka, ivuga ko “Mu bujurire, avoka w‟urega n‟uw‟uregwa bafite uburenganzira kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy‟igihembo cyumvikanyweho ku rwego rwa mbere”, bityo Nyandwi Innocent, Niyonsaba Ancille, Nsabimana Joseph, Nshimiyimana Froduard, Muhire Innocent na Muhire Innocent na Uwimana Clémentine bakaba bakwiye kwishyurwa na Sanlam A.G Plc igihembo cya avocat kingana na 250.000Frw; [27] Uru rukiko rusanga indishyi zisabwa na Sanlam A.G Plc harimo n’amagarama y’ubujurire nyamara rukaba rusanga nta kigaragaza ko Sanlm A.G Plc yayatanze kuko itigeze ijurira ngo ibitangire amagarama, ingwate y’amagarama isaba mu bujurire bwuririye ku bundi bukaba nta shingiro yayo, naho indishyi zikurikirana rubanza n’igihembo cya avocat Sanlam A.G Plc ikaba itayagenerwa kuko itsindwa impamvu zatumye abo baburana bajurira. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [28] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nyandwi Innocent, Niyonsaba Ancille, Uwitonze Alvera, Nsabimana Joseph, Nshimiyimana Froduard, Muhire Innocent na Uwimana Clémentine barega Sanlam A.G Plc bufite ishingiro. [29] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RC 00414/2021/TGI/Nyge rwaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kuwa 09/09/2022 ihindutse gusa ku byerekeye indishyi mbangamirabukungu zagenwe naho izindi ndishyi zose zikaba zidahindutse. [30] Rutegetse Sanlam A.G Plc kwishyura Nyandwi Innocent na Niyonsaba Ancille indishyi mbangamirabukungu zikomoka ku mpanuka yahitanye umwana wabo zihwanye na miliyoni esheshatu n’ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itandatu na kimwe n’amafaranga ijana na rimwe

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(6.161.101Frw) aho kuba indishyi mbangamirabukungu zagenwe mu gika cya 29 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa zihwanye na 1.080.000Frw; [31] Rutegetse Sanlam A.G Plc kwishyura Nyandwi Innocent na Niyonsaba Ancille indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza zingana n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000Frw) ndetse n’igihembo cya avocat kingana n’ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo itanu (250.000Frw) kuri bose byo ku rwego rw’ubujurire, byiyongera ku byagenwe ku rwego rwa mbere. [32] Rutegetse ko ingwate y’amagarama y’urubanza yatanzwe na Nyandwi Innocent na Niyonsaba Ancille ahwanye na 40,000Frw bayasubizwa na Sanlam kubera ko ayo batanze ahwanye n’ibyakoreshejwe muri uru rubanza.