UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYANDWI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYANDWI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-07-16 - Case/document no.: RPAA01365/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYANDWI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA01365/2024/CA (Mukamurenzi, P.J.) 16 Nyakanga 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, uhamwe n’icyaha gihanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu, ashobora kugabanyirizwa icyo gihano, ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ntijye munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu iteganyirijwe icyo cyaha cyakozwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi Nyandwi, Iyamuremye na Karuhije bubakurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gufatanwa no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko bibahama, bagahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri. Muri urwo rubanza Nyandwi ni we wenyine witabye, aburana avuga ko icyaha bamurega atacyemera, kuko yafashwe ubwo yari yagiye kwishyuza amafaranga y’inzu yagurishije, ararana n’abagabo bareganwa, ariko ko atari azi ko bafite urumogi. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwafashe icyemezo ko Nyandwi ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, naho abo bagenzi be bahamwa n’ubufatanyacyaha muri icyo cyaha. Buri wese yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri. Nyandwi yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru yemera ko yakoze icyaha yahamijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, asaba ko byashingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano yakatiwe muri urwo rubanza. Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije igihano rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranyweho icyaha mu butabera mu buryo buzwi, kuba icyaha yakoze kitaragize ingaruka zikomeye no kuba yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu. Nyandwi yongeye ajuririra uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire arusaba guca inkoni izamba rukongera kumugabanyiriza igihano yahawe, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rutamugabanyirije ngo rujye munsi y’igihano gito giteganyijwe n’itegeko, akaba kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha aregwa, ari n’ubwa mbere yari aguye mu cyaha. Avuga kandi ko rutashingiye ku manza yagaragaje zirimo urubanza RPAA00158/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/11/2023 hagati y’Ubushinjacyaha na Munyaneza Victorien wahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka icyenda, ko mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera busa urwo rubanza rwari gushingirwaho. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ubujurire bwa Nyandwi bugaragaza ko ibyo asaba yabihawe kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije igihano yari yahawe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha kandi akaba acyemera ku buryo budashidikanywaho. Busobanura ko urwo rubanza yagaragaje rutashingirwaho kuko rwaciwe mbere y’uko Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange risohoka. Incamake y’icyemezo Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, uhamwe n’icyaha gihanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu, ashobora kugabanyirizwa icyo gihano, ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ntijye munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu iteganyirijwe icyo cyaha cyakozwe. Bityo, igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 3.000.000 Nyandwi Jean de Dieu yahanishijwe, ntigishobora kongera kugabanywa kuko yagabanyirijwe mu buryo buteganywa n’itegeko. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

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Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 11. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA00827/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Niyonkuru Egide rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025. RPAA00538/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2025. RPAA00158/2022/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Munyaneza Victorien rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/11/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku itariki ya 12/12/2018, Polisi station ya Murambi yafatiye Nyandwi Jean de Dieu, Iyamuremye Patrick na Karuhije Charles mu Mudugudu wa Mayange, muri Centre ya Taba, Akagari ka Bubangu, Umurenge wa Murambi, ibakekaho kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw'urumogi. Uko ari batatu bafashwe ubwo bari baryamye mu nzu ya Nyandwi Jean de Dieu, aho yasanze udupfunyika magana atatu na makumyabiri na tune (324 boules) twari munsi y’umusego w’uburiri Nyandwi Jean de Dieu yari aryamyeho, naho Iyamuremye Patrick na Karuhije Charles bo bakaba bari baryamye mu kindi cyumba. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi burega Nyandwi Jean de Dieu, Iyamuremye Patrick na Karuhije Charles icyaha cyo gufatanwa no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko bibahama, bagahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). [3] Nyandwi Jean de Dieu niwe witabye iburanisha wenyine, abandi bakaba bataritabiriye iburanisha nta mpamvu batanze, ariko kuko bahamagajwe ahatazwi mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, baburanishwa badahari. Nyandwi Jean de Dieu yireguye avuga ko icyaha bamurega atacyemera, kuko yafashwe ubwo yari yagiye kwishyuza amafaranga y’inzu yagurishije, ararana n’abagabo bareganwa, ariko ko atari azi ko bafite urumogi. [4] Mu rubanza RP00740/2019/TGI/GIC rwaciwe ku wa 24/02/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwasesenguye ibimenyetso bikurikira: - imvugo ya Nyandwi Jean de Dieu mu Bugenzacyaha aho yemeye ko yafatanwe urumogi rwari munsi y’umusego yari aryamyeho atazi uwaruhashyize; - imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bafashe abaregwa barimo Nkomezakurinda Charles na Hakizimana; - inyandiko y’ifatira Nyandwi Jean de Dieu yashyizeho umukono. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwemeje ko Nyandwi Jean de Dieu ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, naho Iyakaremye Patrick na Karuhije Charles bahamwa n’ubufatanyacyaha muri icyo cyaha, ruhanisha buri wese igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri

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(20.000.000Frw). Abaregwa bagabanyirijwe igihano bagombaga guhabwa hashingiwe ku kuba ari ubwa mbere bari bakurikiranywe mu nzego z’ubutabera ku byaha baregwa. [5] Nyandwi Jean de Dieu yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko n’ubwo yahakanye icyaha aburana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye, noneho mu bujurire bwe yiyemeje kucyemera, anasaba ko byashingirwaho, akagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagororotse. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo asaba yabihabwa, akagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku itegeko rishya riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agahabwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). [6] Mu rubanza RPA00343/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 22/11/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RP00740/2019/TGI/GIC rwaciwe ku wa 24/02/2021 ihindutse ku byerekeye ibihano, ruhanisha Nyandwi Jean de Dieu igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000Frw). Nyandwi Jean de Dieu yagabanyirijwe ibihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranyweho icyaha mu butabera mu buryo buzwi, kuba icyaha yakoze kitaragize ingaruka zikomeye, kuba yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho; hanashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA00194/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/07/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Emmanuel alias Shema. [7] Nyandwi Jean de Dieu yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwandikwa kuri RPAA01365/2024/CA, iburanisha mu ruhame rishyirwa ku itariki ya 07/07/2025. Umunsi ugeze Nyandwi Jean de Dieu yitaba Urukiko yunganiwe na Me Nyiramatama Bernadette, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Rudatinya Nyangezi Gaspard, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire ye, Nyandwi Jean de Dieu n’umwunganira basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire guca inkoni izamba rukongera kumugabanyiriza igihano cy’igifungu cy’imyaka 15 yahawe. Naho Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha akavuga ko atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije mu buryo buteganywa n’itegeko kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [9] Mu rubanza harasuzumwa niba igihano Nyandwi Jean de Dieu yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba igihano Nyandwi Jean de Dieu yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa [10] Nyandwi Jean de Dieu avuga ko impamvu yatumye ajurira ari ugutakambira Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ngo rwongere ruce inkoni izamba rumugabanyirize igihano yahawe kuko Urukiko Rukuru rutamugabanyirije ngo rujye munsi y’igihano gito giteganyijwe n’itegeko kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha aregwa, akaba ari n’ubwa mbere yari aguye mu cyaha, ntirwanashingira ku manza yagaragaje zirimo urubanza RPAA00158/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/11/2023 rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Munyaneza Victorien wahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka icyenda, ko mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera busa urwo rubanza rwari gushingirwaho. Asaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa agahabwa igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko kugira ngo abashe kujya kureba abana yasize. [11] Me Nyiramatama Bernadette umwunganira avuga ko Nyandwi Jean de Dieu yamenye ububi bw’icyaha kandi ko atazagisubira, ariko harebwe ibiteganywa n’amategeko, asanga yaragabanyirijwe. Anavuga ko n’ubwo mu myanzuro ye yagaragaje ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 59/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange itatuma umucamanza ajya munsi y’igihano cyatanzwe, naho urubanza Nyandwi

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agaragaza rukaba rutashingirwaho kuko rwaciwe mbere y’uko iryo tegeko rishya risohoka n’imyanzuro y’ubujurire nayo ikaba yarakozwe mbere. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko harebwe igika cya 9 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa asanga ibyo Nyandwi Jean de Dieu asaba yarabihawe, umucamanza akaba yarashingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha kandi akaba acyemera ku buryo budashidikanywaho, amugabanyiriza igihano, ko n’urubanza ashingiraho asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, agahabwa ikiri musi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko rwaciwe mbere y’uko Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange risohoka, urwo rubanza rero rukaba rutashingirwaho nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA00538/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude mu gika cya 12. Asaba ko hakurikizwa ibyo amategeko ateganya. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Impaka zigaragaza ko impande zombi zemeranywa ko imanza zaciwe mbere y’uko Itegeko N°059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange zitashingirwaho ku byerekeye igabanya gihano. Ariko Nyandwi Jean de Dieu agakomeza gusaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [14] Ingingo ya 11 igika cya 3 (1°) y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ibikurikira: umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: 1 º igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000Frw) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye. [15] Ingingo ya 2, agace ka (a) na (d), y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano mu buryo bukurikira: (a), igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15); (...), (d), igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [16] Mu manza zitandukanye, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2, agace ka (a) na (d), y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, rwemejwe ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, icyaha gihanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu, icyo gihano gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ikaba yagabanywa ariko ntijye munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. Imanza ziheruka gushingira kuri uwo murongo zirimo nk’urubanza RPAA00827/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyonkuru Egide. [17] Nk’uko urubanza rujuririrwa rubigaragaza, Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere Nyandwi Jean de Dieu akurikiranywe mu butabera mu buryo buzwi, kuba icyaha yakoze kitaragize ingaruka zikomeye no kuba yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, runashingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 agace ka (a) na (d) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe, rwamugabanyirije igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw) yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000).

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[18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kuba Nyandwi Jean de Dieu yarahamwe n’icyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, akaba yarahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000 kubera ko Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zituma agabanyirizwa igihano, bigaragara ko yagabanyirijwe mu buryo buteganywa n’itegeko ku byerekeye igihano cy’igifungo, ndetse ahabwa igihano cy’ihazabu kiri munsi y’icyo yashoboraga guhabwa. Hashingiwe rero ku byasobanuwe mu gika cya 16 cy’uru rubanza, uru Rukiko rurasanga ibyo asaba mu bujurire bwe nta shingiro bifite, kuko igihano yahanishijwe kidashobora kongera kugabanywa. Bityo urubanza yajuririye rukaba rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [19] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa NYANDWI Jean de Dieu nta shingiro bufite. [20] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA00343/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 22/11/2024 rudahindutse. [21] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000Frw) yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa kidahindutse. [22] Rutegetse ko Nyandwi Jean de Dieu asonerwa gutanga amafaranga y’amagarama y’urubanza kubera ko afunzwe.