UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYANDWI Alias

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYANDWI Alias

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-31 - Case/document no.: RS/REV/RP00044/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYANDWI Alias [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/REV/RP00044/2024/CA (Gakwaya, J. P.) 31 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya – Ikimenyetso gishya – Ikimenyetso gishya kigomba kuba ari kamarampaka ku buryo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho, cyari gihari mu gihe urubanza rwaburanwaga, ariko umuburanyi akaba atashoboraga kumenya ko gihari, akakibona nyuma cyangwa akaba atarabashaga kukigeraho igihe yaburanaga. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nyandwi yarezwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye akurikiranweho icyaha cyo kunywa no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, araburanishwa maze ahamwa n’icyo cyaha ndetse ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri. Icyo cyemezo yakijuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba ko icyaha akurikiranweho kitagomba kwitwa gucuruza urumogi ndetse asaba no kugabanyirizwa ibyo bihano yari yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko urubanza yajuririye rudahindutse. Uregwa yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, nyuma aza gutanga imyanzuro y’inyongera irimo impamvu z’ubujurire zijyanye no kwemera icyaha, kucyicuza, gusaba imbabazi no gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, ariko ntizakiriwe ngo zisuzumwe kuko yazitanze impitagihe, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku rubanza rujuririrwa. Uregwa yasubirishijemo ingingo nshya urwo rubanza RPAA00717/2021/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire ashingiye ku kimenyetso kigaragaza imyitwarire ye yo mu buzima busanzwe anasaba ubutabera buboneye akagabanyirizwa ibihano mu gihe urubanza rwaba rwongeye gusuzumwa bundi bushya. Avuga ko icyo kimenyetso gishimangira ko n’ubwo yafashwe afite ibiyobyabwenge, ariko atari ko yari asanzwe yitwara, ko yari afite imyitwarire myiza, ariyo mpamvu agitanze kugira ngo kimufashe abe yagabanyirizwa igihano yakatiwe. Ubushinjacyaha bwo bwatanze inzitizi yo kutakira iki kirego kuko ikimenyetso Uregwa avuga ko ari gishya ntaho gihuriye n’igiteganywa n’amategeko. Uregwa yisobanuye kuri iyo nzitizi avuga ko ikimenyetso gishya ari icyabonetse nyuma y’uko urubanza rucibwa, kandi kitari gihari icyo gihe, ko gishobora gutuma ahamwa n’icyaha nyakuri yemera, cyo kunywa urumogi. Incamake y’icyemezo: Ikimenyetso gishya kigomba kuba ari kamarampaka ku buryo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho, cyari gihari mu gihe urubanza rwaburanwaga, ariko umuburanyi akaba atashoboraga kumenya ko gihari, akakibona nyuma cyangwa akaba atarabashaga kukigeraho igihe yaburanaga. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya nticyakiriwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 197 n’iya 200. Imanza zifashishijwe: RP00001/2022/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Niyonsenga Dieudonné, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/3/2024.

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Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 24/1/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye rwahamije Nyandwi Pascal alias Conseiller icyaha cyo kunywa no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwe, ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja n’inyandiko mvugo y’ifatira igaragaza ko yafatanwe udupfunyika makumyabiri na kamwe (21 boules) tw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw), rumugabanyiriza igihano kubera ko mbere yo gukurikiranwa yemeye icyaha agisabira imbabazi. [2] Nyandwi Pascal alias Conseiller yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, avuga ko Urukiko rubanza rwamuhanishije igihano kirekire kandi yararugaragarije impamvu yatumye agura urumogi n’uburyo icyaha ashinjwa kitagombaga kwitwa gucuruza ibiyobywenge kuko urumogi yafatanywe rwari urwo yahaga amatungo no kuvura umwana we wari urwaye, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [3] Mu rubanza RPA00148/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko Nyanza ku wa 25/10/2021, rushingiye ku kuba Nyandwi Pascal alias Conseiller atarabashije kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho mu kumuhamya icyaha cyane cyane ibyo yiyemereye mu Bugenzacyaha aho yavuze ko yajyaga kurangura urumogi akarujyana kwa Ndayisenga mu Mashya agamije kurucuruza ku mafaranga 150 agapfunyika kamwe, ibyo bikorwa bikaba bigize icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko urubanza yajuririye rudahindutse. [4] Nyandwi Pascal alias Conseiller yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA00717/2021/CA, rucibwa ku wa 26/4/2024, rwemeza ko impamvu z’ubujurire zijyanye no kwemera icyaha, kucyicuza, gusaba imbabazi no gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano zatanzwe mu myanzuro y’inyongera na Nyandwi Pascal alias Conseiller n’umwunganira zitakiriwe ngo zisuzumwe kuko zatanzwe impitagihe, rwameza ko nta gihindute ku rubanza RPA00148/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 25/10/2021, yajuririye. [5] Ku wa 20/5/2023, Nyandwi Pascal alias Conseiller yatanze ikirego muri uru Rukiko arusaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RPAA00717/2021/CA, rwaciye ku wa 26/4/2024, ashingiye ku kimenyetso kigaragaza imyitwarire ye yo mu buzima busanzwe anasaba ubutabera buboneye akagabanyirizwa ibihano mu gihe urubanza rwaba rwongeye gusuzumwa bundi bushya. [6] Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze inzitizi, buvuga ko ikirego cya Nyandwi Pascal alias Conseiller cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya kidakwiye kwakirwa kubera ko ikimenyetso avuga gishya, ntaho gihuriye n’icyo amategeko ateganya. [7] Urubanza rwahawe RS/REV/RP00044/2024/CA, ruburanishwa ku wa 9/1/2025, Nyandwi Pascal alias Conseiller yunganiwe na Me Ruturwa Rumande Esron, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Niyonkuru Françoise, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Harebwe imyanzuro y’ababuranyi n’imiburanire yabo yo ku wa 9/1/2025, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rugiye gusuzuma inzitizi yatanzwe n’Ubushinjicyaha yo kumenya niba ikimenyetso kigaragazwa n’urega atari ikimenyetso gishya cyatuma ikirego cye kitakwakirwa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA

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Kumenya niba ikimenyetso kigaragazwa n’urega cy’inyandiko yo ku wa 8/9/2022 yitwa icyemezo cy’imico n’imyifatire atari ikimenyetso gishya cyatuma ikirego cye cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya kitakwakirwa [9] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 197, agace ka 5, y’Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ibyo Nyandwi Pascal alias Conseiller yise ingingo nshya bidakwiye kwakirwa ngo bisuzumwe kuko ikimenyetso avuga ko ari gishya, ntaho gihuriye n’icyo amategeko ateganya, ko rero busaba uru Rukiko kutakira ikirego cye cyo gusubirishamo urubanza RPAA00717/2021/CA ingingo nshya. [10] Nyandwi Pascal alias Conseiller avuga ko gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RPAA00717/2021/CA rwaciye n’uru Rukiko ku wa 26/4/2024, abishingira ku kimenyetso kigaragaza imyitwarire ye yo mu buzima busanzwe kiri ku mugereka w’umwanzuro we (inyandiko yo ku wa 8/9/2022 yitwa icyemezo cy’imico n’imyifatire, iriho cachet y’Umurenge wa Nyanza n’umukono w’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagali ka Nyaruteja, hamwe n’imikono y’abagize Komite y’Umudugudu wa Akamerwe. Asobanura ko icyo kimenyetso gishimangira ko n’ubwo yafashwe afite ibiyobyabwenge, ariko atari ko yari asanzwe yitwara, ko yari afite imyitwarire myiza, ariyo mpamvu agitanze kugira ngo kimufashe abe yagabanyirizwa igihano yakatiwe. [11] Me Ruturwa Rumande Esron, wunganira Nyandwi Pascal alias Conseiller, avuga ko hashingiwe ku ngingo yavuzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, ikimenyetso kivugwa ari gishya kuko cyabonetse nyuma y’uko urubanza rucibwa, kandi kitari gihari icyo gihe. Asobanura ko icyo kimenyetso gishobora gutuma Nyandwi Pascal alias Conseiller ahamwa n’icyaha nyakuri yemera, icyo kunywa ibiyobyabwenge. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [12] Impaka ziri muri iyi ngingo ni ukumenya niba ikimenyetso kigizwe n’icyemezo cy’imico n’imyifatire cyujuje ibisabwa n’Itegeko kugira ngo cyitwe gishya ku buryo cyatuma ikirego cy’urega cyakirwa. [13] Nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza RP00001/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/3/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyonsenga Dieudonné, rusuzumira hamwe ingingo ya 197, igika cya mbere, agace ka gatanu (5°), y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/9/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, n’ibika bya kabiri (2) na gatatu (3) by’iyo ngingo, hamwe n’ingingo ya 200, igika cya mbere, z’iryo Tegeko, rwagaragaje ko zumvukanisha ko kugira ngo ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya cyakirwe, urega agomba kugaragaza ko ikimenyetso yita gishya cyabonetse nyuma y’icibwa ry’urwo rubanza, bivuze ko Urukiko rwaciye urwo rubanza rutari rukizi igihe rwaruburanishaga, ko atari azi ko kibaho (gihari) cyangwa atashoboraga kukigeraho kuva atangira gukurikiranywa, ni ukuvuga ko afite inshingano yo kugaragaza impamvu yamubuzaga kukibona cyangwa kukigeraho. Rwasobanuye kandi ko iryo Tegeko ryumvikanisha ko icyo kimenyetso ari kamarampaka ku buryo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu ica ry’urwo rubanza, ni ukuvuga ko ku birebana n’ushinjwa, kigaragaza ko ari umwere, (….). [14] Urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya, mu gace karwo ka cumi na gatanu (15) rwasuzumye ibijyanye n’iyakirwa ry’impamvu z’ubujurire Nyandwi Pascal alias Conseiller yari yatanze, mu gace karwo ka cumi n’umunani (18) n’aka cumi n’icyenda (19), rwemeza ko izo mpamvu zitakiriwe ngo zisuzumwe kubera ko zatanzwe impitagihe, ko kandi ibyo byumvikanisha ko urubanza yajuririraga mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire rutagomba guhinduka mu gingo zarwo zose. [15] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kuba mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ngingo nshya, Urukiko rutaburanishije urubanza mu mizi, Nyandwi Pascal alias Conseiller atari gutanga iki kirego cye

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imbere y’uru Rukiko kuko ibyo arusaba ashingiye ku kimenyetso kiswe icyemezo cy’imico n’imyifatire, ntaho gihuriye n’ibyasuzumwe mu kutakira ubujurire bwe bwa kabiri nk’uko byagaragajwe mu rubanza asabira gusubirishamo ingingo nshya. [16] Bitabangamiye ibyagaragajwe mu gace kabanziriza aka, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga n’ubwo ikirego cye kidakwiye kwakirwa, ikimenyetso Nyandwi Pascal alias Conseiller agaragaza atari kamarampaka ku buryo cyatuma agirwa umwere, kuko nk’uko we ubwe abivuga icyo kimenyetso gishobora gutuma agabanyirizwa igihano yakatiwe. [17] Kubera izo mpamvu zose, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ikirego cya Nyandwi Pascal alias Conseiller cyo gusaba gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RPAA00717/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/4/2023, kitagomba kwakirwa. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [18] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyo gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RPAA00717/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/4/2023, cyatanzwe na Nyandwi Pascal alias Conseiller kitakiriwe. [19] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPAA00717/2021/CA rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 26/4/2023, rudahindutse. [20] Rutegetse ko amagarama y'urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.