UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYARWENDA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYARWENDA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-03-22 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00418/2020/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYARWENDA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBURJURIRE – RPAA 00418/2020/CA (Mukamurenzi, P.J.) 22 Werurwe 2024] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kugabanya igihano no mu gihe ubujurire budafite ishingiro – Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba ukekwaho icyaha yaraburanye yemera icyaha ndetse akaba ari n’ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu butabera, nta cyabuza Urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano kabone nubwo ubujurire bwe bwaba budafite ishingiro. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwitwa Nyarwenda yarezwe n’Ubushinjacyaha mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga ku cyaha yakekwagaho cyo gusambanya umwana ufite imyaka 13, urwo Rukiko rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Nyanza avuga ko yaburanye yemera icyaha ariko urukiko rumukatira igihano kirekire, Mu guca urubanza urwo Rukiko remeje ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire ndetse aburana avuga ko yasabye ko apimwa ngo harebwe ko hari aho ahurira n’isambanywa ry’uwo mwana ntibyakorwa, akavuga kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ibisobanuro by’iyicarubozo yakorewe ryatumye yemera icyaha ngo arengere ubuzima bwe, anasaba ko hatumizwa impapuro yivurijeho n’umutangabuhamya wabonye akubitwa kubera ko Urukiko Rukuru rwabyirengagije. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubujurire bwe budafite ishingiro, kuko abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha yemeye icyaha, anaburana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye yemera icyaha asaba imbabazi, akaba atagaragaza ko muri izo nzego zose yakubiswe kugira ngo yemere icyaha, bukavuga ko ibyo asaba ko hatumizwa inyandiko yivurijeho n’umutangabuhamya wabonye akubitwa nta shingiro bifite, ko atabasha kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byose byashingiweho bimuhamya icyaha. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba ukekwaho icyaha yaraburanye yemera icyaha ndetse akaba ari n’ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu butabera, nta cyabuza Urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano kabone nubwo ubujurire bwe bwaba budafite ishingiro. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ruhindutse gusa ku birebana n’igihano. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 3. Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 108

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Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00142/2022/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Ntakirutimana Pierre rwaciwe ku wa 29/12/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 20/12/2018, Nyarwenda Jean Pierre yasanze umwana mu ishyamba w’umukobwa wahawe izina rya M.T. w’imyaka 13 n'amezi 11 n'iminsi 20 y’amavuko, aho yatoraga inkwi, amushukisha kumuha amafranga igihumbi (1000 Frw) maze aramusambanya. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko cyamuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [3] Nyarwenda Jean Pierre aburana yemera icyaha avuga ko yagiye mu ishyamba uwo mwana aramusifura, aramusanga babivuganaho aramusambanya. Abisabira imbabazi asaba no kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [4] Mu rubanza RP 00007/2019/TGI/MHG rwaciwe ku wa 14/01/2019, Urukiko rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Nyarwenda Jean Pierre yakoze icyaha aregwa birimo: - kwemera icyaha kwe; - imvugo z’umwana wasambanyijwe umushinja; - imvugo z’abatangabuhamya Mukahirwa Vestine, Nyanzira Marie na Akingeneye Aline. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwemeje ko Nyarwenda Jean Pierre ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [5] Nyarwenda Jean Pierre yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza avuga ko yaburanye yemera icyaha ariko urukiko rumukatira igihano kirekire. Ageze mu iburanisha ry’urubanza avuga ko yemeye icyaha ku bw’akababaro kuko yari yakubiswe bikomeye, ko nyuma yamenye ko kwemera icyaha utakoze nabyo ari amakosa. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, kuko niba yarakubitiwe mu Bugenzacyaha, atakubitiwe mu Bushinjacyaha no mu Rukiko kuko naho yagiye yemera icyaha agasobanura uko yagikoze, asaba ko hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rujurirwa. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 00188/2019/HC/NYZ rwaciwe ku wa 31/12/2019, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwasanze ubujurire bwa Nyarwenda Jean Pierre budafite ishingiro kuko atabashije kuvuguruza ibimenyetso Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwashingiyeho rumuhamya icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza yajuririye idahindutse, ko igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe kigumyeho. [7] Nyarwenda Jean Pierre yajuririye na none Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00418/2020/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku itariki ya 04/03/2023, Nyarwenda Jean

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Pierre yunganiwe na Me Rusagara Innocent naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Béatrice, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire ndetse no mu miburanire ye, Nyarwenda Jean Pierre n’umwunganira bavuga yasabye ko apimwa ngo harebwe ko hari aho ahurira n’isambanywa ry’uwo mwana ntibyakorwa, ko n’Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ibisobanuro by’iyicarubozo yakorewe ryatumye yemera icyaha ngo arengere ubuzima bwe, anasaba ko hatumizwa impapuro yivurijeho ku bitaro i Kabgayi n’umutangabuhamya wabonye akubitwa kubera ko Urukiko Rukuru rwabyirengagiza. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, kuko abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha yemeye icyaha, anaburana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye yemera icyaha asaba imbabazi, akaba atagaragaza ko muri izo nzego zose yakubiswe kugira ngo yemere icyaha, ko ibyo asaba ko hatumizwa inyandiko yivurijeho n’umutangabuhamya wabonye akubitwa nta shingiro bifite, ko ikigaragara ari uko atabasha kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byose byashingiweho bimuhamya icyaha. [10] Izo mpaka zigaragaza ko ikibazo gikwiye gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari icyo Kumenya niba hari ibimenyetso byirengagijwe bigaragaza ko Nyarwenda yemeye icyaha atakoze bitewe no gukorerwa iyicarubozo. II. ISESENGURWA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba hari ibimenyetso byirengagijwe bigaragaza ko Nyarwenda yemeye icyaha atakoze bitewe no gukorerwa iyicarubozo [11] Nyarwenda Jean Pierre n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ibisobanuro yatanze birebana n’uko yemeye ko yasambanyije uwo mwana agira ngo arengere ubuzima bwe kubera ko yakubiswe na Polisi station ya Ruyenzi, akomeza ku cyemera kubera ubwoba no guhahamuka atinya kongera gukubitwa, ko yasabye Urukiko kumusabira impapuro yivurijeho ku bitaro bya Kabgayi kubera inkoni ntirwabikora, ko ari muri urwo rwego asaba ko hatumizwa impapuro yivurijeho ndetse n’umupolisi witwa Mubirigi wabonye akubitwa, wanamujyanaga kwa muganga agahamagarwa mu Rukiko kugira ngo atange ubuhamya kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko nta bimenyetso yatanze by’iryo yicarubozo yakorewe rwirengagije ko yari afunzwe n’uko impapuro yivurijeho zahawe Polisi. [12] Akomeza avuga ko akimara gufatwa yasabye ko ajyanwa hamwe n’umwana kwa muganga kugira ngo nawe bamupime harebwe ko hari aho ahurira n’ibyo basanze mu gitsina cy’umwana nabyo ntibyakorwa kandi ari cyo kimenyetso cyashoboraga kugaragaza nta shiti ko ariwe wakoze icyaha kuko n’umunsi gikorwa atari ahari kandi na se w’uwo mwana umushinja amuhora ko yamusimbuye ku kazi ko gucunga isambu. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Nyarwenda Jean Pierre yemeye icyaha mu nzego z’iperereza, aburana mu Rukiko ku rwego rwa mbere, anajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru acyemera, agihakana nyuma ageze mu iburanisha ry’urubanza, ko ibyo avuga ko habazwa abapolisi barimo Mubirigi babonye akubitwa ari uburyo bwo guhunga icyaha kuko agahato avuga yashyizweho ngo yemere icyaha ntaho gashingiye mu gihe mu nzego zose yanyuzemo uretse mu Rukiko Rukuru

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yemeye icyaha kandi kuko imvugo ze asobanura uburyo yagikoze zihura n’ibyo umwana nawe yavuze, naho iby’ihahamuka avuga yagize imbere y’urukiko bigatuma akomeza kucyemera naryo rikaba ritumvikana. [14] Ku byerekeranye n’ibyo avuga ko yasabye kujya gupimwa hamwe n’umwana ntibikorwe, Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nta kigaragaza ko yabisabye, uretse ko mu rwego rw’iperereza iyo bibaye ngombwa Ubugenzacyaha bubyibwiriza bukamujyana ariko muri iyi dosiye we atajyanywe kuko bwabonaga bidakenewe ariko umwana we yajyanywe kwa muganga hakorwa raporo igaragaza ko afite ibimenyetso bigaragazako yasambanyijwe. Asoza avuga ko ibyo Nyarwenda Jean Pierre asaba Urukiko bidakwiye guhabwa agaciro kuko ibimenyetso byashingiweho bihagije kandi akaba atabasha kubivuguruza. Uko urukiko rubibona [15] Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko Nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, iteganya ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana. [16] Ingingo ya 108 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha iteganya ko ibimenyetso bishobora gushingira ku mpamvu zose z’ibyabaye n’ibyemejwe n’amategeko, ababuranyi bapfa kuba barabigiyeho impaka. Urukiko ruhamya ku buryo butavuguruzwa ko ibimenyetso byose bishinja cyangwa bishinjura ari byo kandi bishobora kwemerwa. [17] Nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 8 cy’urubanza rujuririwa, isesengura ry’urubanza rigaragaza ko Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze nta bimenyetso Nyarwenda Jean Pierre yatanze byerekana ko yakubiswe bigatuma yemera icyaha atakoze. Rwanasanze kwivuguruza kwe nta shingiro gufite kubera ko hari ibimenyetso bimushinja icyaha adashobora kuvuguruza birimo imvugo ze aho yemeye ko yasambanyije uwo mwana abanje kumwemerera amafaranga 1000F, imvugo ahurizaho n’umwana wavuze ko yamusambanyije abanje kumushukisha kumuha amafaranga igihumbi (1000F) yarangiza ntanayamuhe, imvugo za Mukamuhirwa Vestine, iza Nyanzira Marie n’iza Akingeneye Aline na raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko uwo mwana yasambanyijwe aho igaragaza ko ku gitsina cye hari habyimbye kandi harimo n'ibisebe byinshi. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusanga rero ibyo Nyarwenda Jean Pierre avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Nyanza rwirengagije ibisobanuro yatanze by’uko yemeye ko yasambanyije uwo mwana agira ngo arengere ubuzima bwe kubera ko yakubiswe n’uko yakomeje kucyemera kubera ubwoba no guhahamuka atinya kongera gukubitwa nta shingiro bifite, kuko, nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 8 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwarabisuzumye rusanga iyo miburanire ihindura ibyo yari yaremeye nta shingiro ikwiye guhabwa kuko hari ibimenyetso bihagije bihamya ko yakoze icyaha birimo imvugo ze zihura n’iz’umwana wasambanyijwe, iz’abatangabuhamya na raporo ya muganga. [19] Ku byerekeranye n’ibyo avuga ko yasabye Urukiko Rukuru kuzana impapuro yivurijeho ku bitaro bya Kabgayi ntirwabikora, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusanga nabyo nta shingiro bifite, kuko nta kigaragaza ko yigeze abisaba ngo Urukiko rubyirengagize, ahubwo ari ingingo nshya azanye kuri uru rwego itarasuzumwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuko icyo yavugaga aburana muri urwo Rukiko

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cyanasuzumwe ari uko yemeye icyaha ku bw’akababaro kuko yari yakubiswe bikomeye n’uko yamenye ko kwemera icyaha utakoze ari amakosa, akaba ntaho yigeze avuga ko yakubiswe ajya kwivuza inkoni cyangwa ngo asabe ko impapuro yivurijeho zisabwa ku bitaro bya Kabgayi ngo Urukiko Rukuru rubyirengagize. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire runasanga ibyo asaba uru Rukiko ko izo mpapuro zatumizwa aho yivurije, kimwe n’uko hatumizwa umupolisi witwa Mubirigi wabonye akubitwa nta gaciro byahabwa, kuko uru Rukiko rusanga nta gahato yashyizweho ngo yemere icyaha kugeza mu Rukiko aburana ku rwego rwa mbere. Byongeye kandi uretse imvugo ze, hari n’ibindi bimenyetso birimo imvugo z’umwana wasambanyijwe n’iz’abandi babajijwe mu iperereza ndetse na raporo ya muganga byashingiweho kandi akaba atabasha kugaragaza inenge iri muri ibyo bimenyetso cyangwa ngo abivuguruze. [21] Ibyo avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana atarapimwe ngo ibipimo bye bihuzwe n’ibyo umuganga yasanze mu gitsina cy’umwana, uru Rukiko rusanga iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire nayo nta shingiro ifite, kuko, uretse n’uko ibyo kuba atarigeze apimwa atigeze abiburanisha mu rubanza rujuririrwa, kuba atarapimwe bikaba bidatesha agaciro ibindi bimenyetso birimo imvugo ze yemera icyaha kugera aburana ku rwego rwa mbere, kandi nk’uko yasobanuwe ibyo yemeye bishimangirwa n’ibindi bimenyetso byavuzwe. [22] Hashingiwe ku ngingo z’amategeko zavuzwe no ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusanga ubujurire bwa Nyarwenda Jean Pierre nta shingiro bufite, kuko n’ubwo ahakana icyaha yari yaremeye, hari ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bigaragaza ko yakoze icyaha aregwa. [23] Uru Rukiko rusanga ariko, n’ubwo Nyarwenda Jean Pierre aburana ahakana icyaha kandi akaba yarakoze icyaha kiremereye cyo gusambanya umwana utarageza imyaka 14 y’amavuko, harebwe ko agifatwa yemeye icyaha ndetse akomeza kucyemera aburana ku rwego rwa mbere, hakanarebwa ko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha, ari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zikwiye kwitabwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano kuko, nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 12 cy’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye, urwo Rukiko rutamugabanyirije igihano bitewe n’uko igihe yakoraga icyaha aregwa, ingingo ya 133, igika cya gatatu, y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yateganyaga igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanywa kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha kubahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana utarageza ku myaka 14. [24] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga hari izindi manza ruheruka guca ku bantu bahamijwe ibyaha bijya gusa n’icyo Nyarwenda Jean Pierre yahamijwe, muri zo harimo nk’urubanza RPAA 00142/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/12/2023, haburaba Ubushinjacyaha na Ntakirutimana Pierre, uyu yagabanyirijwe igihano hashingiwe ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’inkiko mu buryo buzwi no kuba nta kigaragaza ko yari asanganywe indi myitwarire mibi, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 22 gisimbura igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe n’inkiko zibanza ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka icumi (10) y’amavuko. [25] Kubera izo mpamvu, mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera busa ku bibazo bisa, kuba ibyo Nyarwenda Jean akurikiranyweho bisa n’ibya Ntakirutimana Pierre, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusanga akwiye guhabwa igihano kiri mu kigero kimwe n’icyo uyu yahanishijwe kuko yahamijwe

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icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana ufite imyaka 13 n’amezi 11, yemeye icyaha kugera aburana ku rwego rwa mbere, akaba ari ubwa mbere ahamwe n’icyaha, bityo Nyarwenda Jean Pierre akaba agenewe igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 22 gisimbura igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe n’Inkiko zibanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [26] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nyarwenda Jean Pierre nta shingiro bufite; [27] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00188/2019/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 31/12/2019 ruhindutse ku byerekeranye n’igihano ; [28] Ruhanishije Nyarwenda Jean Pierre igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’ibiri (22) ; [29] Rutegetse ko asonerwa amagarama y’urubanza kubera ko aburana afunzwe.