NYIRABWIZA v UNGUKA BANK Plc

# NYIRABWIZA v UNGUKA BANK Plc

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-04-20 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RSOC 00011/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NYIRABWIZA v UNGUKA BANK Plc [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/RSOC 00011/2022/CA – (Nyirandabaruta, J. P., Ngagi na Kamere, J.) 20 Mata 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza z'umurimo – Amasezerano y’umurimo – Gusezererwa mu kazi ku mpamvu z'ubukungu – Kumenyasha umugenzuzi w’umurimo – Igihe cyo kumenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo – Umugenzuzi w’umurimo agomba kumenyeshwa urutonde rw’abagomba gusezererwa kubera impamvu z’ubukungu mbere y’uko abakozi basezererwa, agahabwa umwanya wo kugenzura niba koko abari kuri urwo rutonde ari bo bagomba gusezererwa, kandi niba rwarakozwe hubahirijwe ibyo amategeko asaba. Amategeko agenga umurimo – Amasezerano y’umurimo – Iseswa ry’amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kitazwi – Gutanga integuza – Iyo nta nteguza mu gihe yatanzwe n'umukoresha ariko akayivunja mu mafaranga ntabwo bifatwa ko nta nteguza yatanzwe, bityo nta zindi zijyanye nabyo zongera gutangwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Nyirabwiza avuga ko yagiranye na UNGUKA BANK Plc amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kitazwi, akaba yarayikoreye mu gihe kirenze imyaka icumi (10), ko ku wa 30/07/2018 yatunguwe no gushyikirizwa ibaruwa isesa amasezerano ye y’umurimo y'igihe kitazwi ngo kubera impamvu z’ubukungu, akaba yarirukanwe hatubahirijwe ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo ryariho icyo gihe. Akomeza avuga ko atahawe integuza akaba asaba guhabwa indishyi zijyanye no kwirukanwa ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, indishyi zisimbura integuza atahawe, imperekeza no gusubizwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwasanze Nyirabwiza yarasezerewe mu buryo budakurije amategeko rumugenera indishyi zitandukanye. Mu bujurire, Urukiko Rukuru rwo rwemeje ko UNGUKA BANK Plc yubahirije ibiteganwa n’amategeko, runemeza ko integuza yatanzwe. Nyirabwiza yasabye ko urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, biremezwa, avuga ko akarengane ke gashingiye ku kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaremeje ko ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda byubahirijwe kandi atari byo, integuza ikaba itarubahirijwe ndetse n’ibindi bibazo bituruka ku kwirukanwa mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. Akomeza avuga ko Urukiko rwavuze ko kumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo urutonde rw'abakozi UNGUKA BANK Plc yasezereye nta mategeko yishwe, ngo kuko bihagije hatitawe ku gihe yabimenyesherejwe n’abo urwo rutonde ruvuga, ibi bikaba bitandukanye n’umurongo wafashwe n’uru Rukiko mu manza nk’izi. Avuga kandi ko rwirengagije ko na we yari afite uburenganzira bwo kumenyeshwa urwo rutonde na mbere yuko rushyikirizwa Umugenzuzi w’umurimo nawe atigeze arumenyeshwa. Uregwa we avuga ko ikigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari ukumenya niba ibihe byo kumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo byarubahirijwe kuko ari byo byasuzumwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. Akomeza asobanura ko nta mategeko yishwe kuko nta gihe ntarengwa

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Umushingamategeko yashyizeho cyo kumenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo, ku buryo kumenyeshereza Umugenzuzi w’umurimo rimwe n’Urega nta mategeko yaba yishwe. Ko byongeye kandi Urega atasezerewe ku munsi umugenzuzi w’umurimo yamenyesherejwe ibyerekeye gusezerera abakozi ku mpamvu z’ubukungu, ko ahubwo yabimenyeshejwe ku munsi yahereweho integuza y’ukwezi, ko kandi muri icyo gihe, mu rwego rw’amategeko yari akiri umukozi we. Bityo, ikibazo kijyanye n’uburenganzira bwo kumenyeshwa mbere urutonde rw’abakozi yasezereye kitari mu mbibi z’ibigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umugenzuzi w’umurimo agomba kumenyeshwa urutonde rw’abagomba gusezererwa kubera impamvu z’ubukungu mbere y’uko abakozi basezererwa, agahabwa umwanya wo kugenzura niba koko abari kuri urwo rutonde ari bo bagomba gusezererwa, kandi niba rwarakozwe hubahirijwe ibyo amategeko asaba. Bityo, Kuba UNGUKA BANK Plc yaramenyesheje Umugenzuzi w’umurimo urutonde rwabagomba gusezererwa mu kazi ku mpamvu z’ubukungu, umunsi umwe n’uwo yasezereyeho Nyirabwiza Justine, bisobanuye ko yabifashe nk’umuhango bikaba binyuranyije n’icyo amategeko ateganya. Iyo nta nteguza mu gihe yatanzwe n’umukoresha ariko akayivunja mu mafaranga ntabwo bifatwa ko nta nteguza yatanzwe, bityo nta zindi zijyanye nabyo zongera gutangwa. Bityo. Kuba UNGUKA BANK Plc itaratanze igihe cy’integuza ariko igaha Nyirabwiza Justine indishyi zihwanye n’amafaranga y’umushahara n’andi mashimwe yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza, akaba nawe adahakana ko atabihawe, UNGUKA BANK Plc yubahirije ibiteganywa n’amategeko. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z'akarengane, gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amagarama aherera ku Uregwa. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 29. Itegeko Nº30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ingingo ya 55. Itegeko Nº22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111. Itegeko Nº 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, ingingo ya 64 n’iya 70. Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo, ingingo ya 21, 27, 29, 30, 32, 33 n’iya 34. Imanza zifashishijwe: Niwemugeni Jeannette na KCB Bank Rwanda Plc, RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/01/2020. Ngizweninshuti na Muhima, RS/INJUST/RC 00024/2018/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/02/2020.

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Rugenera Marc na Soras Assurances Générales Ltd (SORAS AG), RSOCAA 0003/15/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 05/05/2016. Ntukamazina Jean Baptiste na Prime Insurance Ltd (PRIME), RSOCAA 0001&0002/16/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 14/10/2016. Musoni wa Rwihimba Désiré na Banki ya Kigali Ltd, RSOCAA 0014/12/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 18/01/2013. Coopérative de Développement des Anciens Chauffeurs de l’Etat (CODACE) na Ntaganda, RS/INJUST/RCOM 00006/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/06/2022. Urwego Opportunity Bank Ltd na Niyonsaba Clémentine, RSOCA 00206/2018/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuwa 24/05/2019. Uwimana Marie Paul n’Abagenzi be n’Urwego Opportunity Bank Ltd, RSOCA 00224/2018/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuwa 24/05/2019. Banque Populaire du Rwanda Ltd na Sekamana Naason n’Abagenzi be RSOCA 00017/2018/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuwa 30/11/2018. Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: François Gaudu et Raymonde Vatinet, Droit du travail, 5e édition, Dalloz, 2013, p. 213-214. Gilles Auzero et Emmanuel Dockes; Droit du travail, 30e édition, Dalloz, 2016, p. 610, 619. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Nyirabwiza Justine avuga ko yagiranye na UNGUKA BANK Plc amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kitazwi, akaba yarayikoreye mu gihe kirenze imyaka icumi (10), ko ku wa 30/07/2018 yatunguwe no gushyikirizwa ibaruwa isesa amasezerano ye y'umurimo y'igihe kitazwi ngo kubera impamvu z'ubukungu, akaba yarirukanwe hatubahirijwe ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo ryariho icyo gihe, ko atahawe n’integuza, asaba guhabwa indishyi zijyanye no kwirukanwa ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, indishyi zisimbura integuza atahawe, imperekeza no gusubizwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [2] UNGUKA BANK Plc yireguye ivuga ko Nyirabwiza Justine yayikoreye guhera ku wa 31/01/2008 kugeza ku wa 30/07/2018. Isobanura ko ku wa 30/07/2018 amasezerano y’akazi ya Nyirabwiza Justine yaje guseswa bitewe n’impamvu z’ubukungu, ko kandi amategeko yubahirijwe mu kumwirukana, ko yahawe ingurane ku nteguza, bityo ko indishyi asaba nta shingiro zahabwa. [3] Mu rubanza RSOC 00012/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 28/02/2020, urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cya Nyirabwiza Justine gifite

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ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko kandi yirukanywe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Rutegeka UNGUKA BANK Plc kumwishyura 4.556.052 Frw y’indishyi zijyanye no kwirukanwa ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka no kumusubiza 20.000 Frw y’ingwate y’igarama yatanze arega. [4] UNGUKA BANK Plc ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza iyijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru ivuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko yasheshe amasezerano y’umurimo mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, ariko ntirwigera rusuzuma impamvu zashingiweho mu gusesa ayo masezerano, ko kandi indishyi zabariwe ku mushahara mbumbe (gross salary) aho kubarirwa ku mushahara umukozi atahana (net salary). [5] Ku wa 17/11/2020, Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza RSOCA 00079/2020/HC/KIG rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa UNGUKA BANK Plc bufite ishingiro, ko ubujurire bwa Nyirabwiza Justine nta shigiro bufite, ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse kuri byose. Rwemeza ko 4.556.052 Frw y’indishyi zo kwirukanwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, n’amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama UNGUKA Bank Plc yari yategetswe guha Nyirabwiza Justine ntayo igomba kumuha. Rutegeka Nyirabwiza Justine guha UNGUKA Bank Plc 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, 100.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, akayisubiza 40.000 Frw yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama. [6] Nyirabwiza Justine yatakambiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba ko urubanza RSOCA 00079/2020/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Nyuma yo gusuzuma ubusabe bwe, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga amusaba kwemeza ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze mu cyemezo cye nimero 207/CJ/2022, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeza ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, arwoherereza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo abe ari rwo ruruburanisha, ikirego cyandikwa kuri RS/INJUST/RSOC 00011/2022/CA. [7] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 11/04/2023, Nyirabwiza Justine ahagarariwe na Me Munyandatwa Nkuba Milton afatanyije na Me Ntaganda Rwamulima Anicet; naho UNGUKA BANK Plc ihagarariwe na Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément. [8] Muri rusange, abahagarariye Nyirabwiza Justine bavuga ko icyo yarenganyeho ari uko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda byubahirijwe kandi atari byo. Ikindi ngo ni uko integuza itubahirijwe. Naho ibindi bibazo bigizwe n’ingaruka zo kwirukanwa mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. Uhagarariye UNGUKA BANK Plc, avuga ko ikigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari ukumenya niba ibihe byo kumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo byarubahirijwe kuko ari byo byasuzumwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO [9] Impaka muri uru rubanza zigishingiye ku bibazo bikurikira akaba ari byo bigomba gusuzumwa:

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- Kumenya niba Nyirabwiza Justine yarirukanwe mu kazi mu buryo budakurikije amategeko n’ingaruka zabyo; - Kumenya niba Nyirabwiza Justine yarahawe integuza mu gihe UNGUKA BANK Plc yasesaga amasezerano y' umurimo yari ifitanye nawe; - Kumenya niba Nyirabwiza Justine yasubizwa amafaranga yategetswe n’Urukiko kwishyura UNGUKA BANK Plc; - Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza, ay’igarama n’ay’ihembo cya Avoka ndetse n’indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza bisabwa muri uru rubanza bifite ishingiro. 1. Kumenya niba Nyirabwiza Justine yarirukanwe mu kazi mu buryo budakurikije amategeko n’ingaruka zabyo [10] Abahagarariye Nyirabwiza Justine bavuga ko mu rubanza RSOCA 00109/2020/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane, Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko kuba ku wa 30/07/2018 UNGUKA BANK Plc yaramenyesheje Umugenzuzi w'umurimo urutonde rw'abakozi birukanywe bihagije kuko ari cyo Itegeko ryateganyaga, ko kandi kuba urutonde rwaramenyeshejwe Umugenzuzi w'umurimo umunsi umwe n’amabaruwa asezerera abakozi nta kosa ryakozwe kuko Itegeko ridashyiraho igihe Umugenzuzi w'umurimo agomba kuba yarumenyesherejwemo, cyane ko nta n'icyamubuzaga kugira icyo arukoraho, rwirengagije ibiteganywa n'ingingo ya 34 y'Itegeko N°13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo, ryakurikizwaga mu gihe Nyirabwiza Justine yirukanwaga, ivuga ko mbere yo gusezerera abakozi ku mpamvu z'ubukungu, abakozi bagabanywa mu kigo batondekwa hakurikijwe ubushobozi ku murimo, amashuri, uburambe muri icyo kigo n’umubare w’abo atunze ku buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, bikitabwaho uko bikurikirana, bikamenyeshwa Umugenzuzi w’umurimo mu nyandiko. [11] Basobanura ko kuba Urukiko rwaravuze ko kumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo urutonde rw'abakozi UNGUKA BANK Plc yasezereye nta mategeko yishwe, ngo kuko bihagije hatitawe ku gihe yabimenyesherejwe n' abo urwo rutonde ruvuga, binyuranye n' umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RSOCAA 0014/12/CS rwa Musoni wa Rwihimba Désiré na Banki ya Kigali Ltd mu bika bya 27 – 29 byarwo, aho mu gika cya 28 Urukiko rwagize ruti: kubimenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo atari umuhango gusa, ahubwo ari ngombwa. Ntabwo umushingamategeko yapfuye kubivuga gusa. Impamvu yabivuze atyo, yagirango umugenzuzi w’umurimo agenzure neza niba urwo rutonde arirwo rukwiye gusezererwa koko, kandi niba rwarakozwe hubahirijwe ibyo amategeko asaba. [12] Basobanura kandi ko ibyo bisobanuro ari nabyo bigaragara mu manza z’ umurimo zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, zirimo urubanza RSOCA 00206/2018/HC/KIG haburana Urwego Opportunity Bank Ltd na Niyonsaba Clémentine, aho mu bika bya 13 – 17, rwasobanuye uburyo iyo ngingo igomba kumvikana, n’urubanza RSOCA 00224/2018/HC/KIG - Uwimana Marie Paul na bagenzi be baburana n’Urwego Opportunity Bank Ltd na rwo rwabisobanuye mu gika cya 14– 21, ndetse n’urubanza RSOCA 00017/2018/HC/KIG, haburana Banque Populaire du Rwanda Ltd na Sekamana Naason na bagenzi be, nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 18 na 22. Ko ariko mu guca urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane Urukiko Rukuru rwanyuranije n’iyo mirongo,

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kandi rwirengagiza ko Nyirabwiza Justine na we yari afite uburenganzira bwo kumenyeshwa urwo rutonde na mbere yuko rushyikirizwa Umugenzuzi w'umurimo nawe atigeze arumenyeshwa. [13] Bavuga kandi ko Nyirabwiza Justine akemanga impamvu z'ubukungu, UNGUKA BANK Plc yagaragaje mu ibaruwa imusezerera, kuko nta n'ikigaragaza ko koko mu gihe yasezererwaga izo mpamvu zariho. Bavuga ko ibyo abishingira ku bimenyetso UNGUKA BANK Plc yitangiye ubwayo, aho yagaragazaga ko ku wa 31/08/2018 yasabye BNR uburenganzira bwo gufunga amwe mu ma shami (branches) yayo, ikayisubiza ku wa 15/10/2018, Nyirabwiza Justine amaze amezi atatu (3) yarasezerewe, ndetse akaba atari n'umukozi muri ayo ma shami yagombaga gufungwa ku buryo ari we byagombaga kugiraho ingaruka. Bavuga ko indi mpamvu ituma akemanga impamvu z'ubukungu, UNGUKA BANK Plc yashingiyeho imusezerera ari uko muri uko kwezi kwa cumi (10), UNGUKA BANK Plc yafunguye ishami (branche) rishya, ko itari kuba ifite ibibazo by'ubukungu, ngo ifungure andi ma shami ndetse ngo inashake abandi bakozi bashya nyuma yo gusezerera abari basanzwemo. [14] Bakomeza bavuga na none ko ibyo UNGUKA BANK Plc ivuga ko iseswa ry'amasezerano ya Nyirabwiza Justine rishingiye kuri "évaluation" yakorewe ndetse ko ari na yo yahereweho ashyirwa ku rutonde rw’abakozi basezererwa, ko basanga uburyo iyo évaluation yakozwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n'ubuteganywa n'amasezerano y'umurimo yagiranye na yo, yiswe "perfomance contract" na « Human Resource Manual », nk’uko bigaragara muri “performance contract” yo ku wa 09/05/2018, hagati ya Nyirabwiza Justine na UNGUKA BANK Plc, aho ingingo yayo ya 4 ku bijyanye na “performance evaluation procedures” igira iti: “Before submission of the self- assessment as per set deadline, the supervisor has the responsibility to discuss and arbitrate such performance self-assessment together with the employee in 2 days after and have such the evaluation closed and filled with HR on the 5th day without fail.”, ko ugenekereje mu Kinyarwanda, bivuze ko mbere yo gushyikiriza isuzuma umukozi yikoreye ubwe, umuyobozi umukuriye afite inshingano yo kuyiganiraho n’umukozi mu minsi ibiri ikurikira umunsi iryo suzumwa rikoreweho, rigashyikirizwa HR bitarenze umunsi wa 5. [15] Basobanura ko ingingo ya 6 y’iyo “performance contract”, isobanura neza ko mu gihe umukozi agize amanota ari munsi ya 50% mu bihembwe 2 bikurikirana, amasezerano ye y’umurimo aseswa, ibyo akaba ari nako bivugwa muri “manuel de procédure” ya UNGUKA BANK Plc mu ngingo yayo ya 9.5.2. mu gika cyayo kibanziriza icya nyuma, izo ngingo zombi zikaba zihuriza ku kuba umukozi ugize munsi y’amanota angana na 50% mu bihembwe 2 bikurikirana amasezerano ye y’umurimo aseswa, ariko abanje kwihanangirizwa. Bavuga ko kuba UNGUKA BANK Plc ivuga ko kimwe mu byashingiweho isesa amasezerano y’umurimo ya Nyirabwiza Justine ari uko yagize amanota ari munsi ya 50%, kandi yarayabonye mu buryo bunyuranyije n’ ibyumvikanyweho nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko binyuranyije n'ibiteganywa n' Itegeko ryagengaga umurimo muri icyo gihe, ko binanyuranyije n'ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 64 ndetse n’iya 70 z' Itegeko Nº 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, zishimangira ko amasezerano akozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko aba Itegeko ku bayagiranye, kandi ko agomba kubahirizwa nta buriganya. [16] Uhagarariye UNGUKA BANK Plc avuga ko mu rubanza RSOCA 00079/2020/HC/KIG, Nyirabwiza Justine yaburanye na UNGUKA BANK Plc nta mategeko yishwe kuko nta gihe

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ntarengwa Umushingamategeko yashyizeho cyo kumenyesha umugenzuzi w’umurimo, ku buryo kumenyeshereza Umugenzuzi w’umurimo rimwe na Nyirabwiza Justine nta mategeko yaba yishwe. Ko byongeye kandi Nyirabwiza Justine atasezerewe ku munsi umugenzuzi w’umurimo yamenyesherejwe ibyerekeye gusezerera abakozi ba UNGUKA BANK Plc ku mpamvu z’ubukungu, ko ahubwo Umugenzuzi w’umurimo yabimenyeshejwe ku munsi Nyirabwiza Justine yahereweho integuza y’ukwezi, ko kandi muri icyo gihe yari akiri umukozi wa UNGUKA BANK Plc mu rwego rw’amategeko nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 27, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 rigenga umurimo rya 2009 ryakurikizwaga muri icyo gihe, kuri ubu hakaba hakurikizwa ingingo ya 29 y’Itegeko No 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, kuko amasezerano ye y’umurimo na UNGUKA BANK Plc yarangiye burundu ku wa 30/8/2018. [17] Avuga kandi ko ku bijyanye n’ibyo Nyirabwiza Justine avuga ko yari afite uburenganzira bwo kumenyeshwa urutonde rw’abakozi basezerewe mbere yuko rumenyeshwa umugenzuzi w’umurimo, ko Urukiko Rukuru rwabisobanuye neza mu rubanza RSOCA 00079/2020/HC/KIG, mu gika cyarwo cya 9, ko uwo atari umuhango uteganywa n’Itegeko ku buryo kutawubahiriza byafatwa nko kunyuranya n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo kandi ko Nyirabwiza Justine ntacyo yanenze kuri ibyo bisobanuro (motivation) byatanzwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. Ko rero kuba inzira yo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane ari ubujurire budasanzwe, imbibi z’ikiburanwa zigenwa n’ibyo urega anenga urubanza asubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, nk’ubyo byasobanuwe mu gatabo gasobanuro imiburanishirize ya bene izo manza ku rupapuro rwa 45. Bityo ko kuba Nyirabwiza Justine ntacyo anenga urubanza asubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ikibazo kijyanye n’uburenganzira bwo kumenyeshwa mbere urutonde rw’abakozi UNGUKA BANK Plc yasezereye ku wa 30/7/2018 kitari mu mbibi z’ibigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza. [18] Akomeza avuga ko ku bijyanye no kuba Nyirabwiza Justine akemanga impamvu z’ubukungu UNGUKA BANK Plc yashingiyeho imusezerera, asanga icyo kibazo kidakwiye gusuzumwa kuko kitigeze gisuzumwa haba ku rwego rubanza ndetse no ku rwego rw’ubujurire, kuko ku rwego rwa mbere hasuzumwe ibibazo bitatu bijyanye no kumenya inkurikizi zo kutubahiriza procedure itegetswe mu kugabanya abakozi kubera impamvu z'ubukungu; ibyerekeye izindi ndishyi zikomoka ku makosa ya UNGUKA BANK Plc n'ingaruka byamugizeho; n’ibijyanye no kumenya niba imihango yose isabwa mu gihe habayeho kugabanya abakozi ku mpamvu z'ubukungu yarubahirijwe; bityo ko byumvikana ko yemeranyaga na UNGUKA BANK Plc ko hari impamvu z’ubukungu ariko akanenga ko hatubahirijwe procedure. [19] Asobanura ko mu rubanza No RSOCA 00079/2020/HC/KIG, UNGUKA BANK Plc yajuririye ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba koko Umugenzuzi w’umurimo ataramenyeshejwe hakurikijwe amategeko, n’icyerekeye ishingiro ry’indishyi yari yategetswe ku rwego rwa mbere, hanyuma mu bujurire bwuririye ku bundi, Nyirabwiza Justine asaba ko indishyi yabariwe zakongerwa, bityo ko asanga ntaho yahera asaba ko urubanza No RSOCA 00079/2020/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane ashingiye ku bitarasuzumwe muri urwo rubanza, ahubwo ko ibyo bishimangira ko urubanza anenga rutandukanye n’urwo yaburanye na UNGUKA BANK Plc, ko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00024/2018/CS rwaciwe ku wa 21/02/2020 mu gika cyarwo cya 20 n’icya 21, rwavuze ko umuburanyi agomba kugaragaza icyo urubanza anenga rwamurenganijeho, ni ukuvuga icyo rwakoze nabi cyangwa rutakoze, ari na wo

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washingiweho n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00006/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 17/06/2022, aho na rwo rwasanze indishyi zasabwaga zitari zaraburanyweho mu rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane zitagomba gusuzumwa. [20] Avuga na none ko ku birebana n’ikibazo cya évaluation yakorewe Nyirabwiza Justine, ko icyo kibazo kidakwiye gushingirwamo hemezwa ko mu rubanza RSOC 00079/2020/HC/KIG Urukiko rwamurenganije, kuko kitigeze kiburanishwa ku rwego rubanza, cyangwa ngo kibe cyarashingiweho mu icibwa ry’urubanza RSOC 00079/2020/HC/KIG. Kandi ko Nyirabwiza Justine atigeze agishyikiriza Umugenzuzi w’umurimo n’inkiko zabanje, kuko nawe yemeraga evaluation yakorewe. Byongeye kandi ko n’iyo aza kuba atarishimiye isuzumabushobozi yakorewe ariko akaba atarabiregeye, ntaho yahera avuga ko Urukiko rwamurenganije rushingiye kuri iryo suzumamikorere mu gihe ritaburanyweho. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA Kumenya niba Nyirabwiza Justine yarirukanwe mu kazi mu buryo budakurikije amategeko [21] Impaka muri urubanza zishingiye ahanini ku kumenya niba mu gusezera Nyirabwiza Justine kubera impamvu z’ubukungu, UNGUKA BANK Plc yarubahirije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryibukijwe haruguru, by’umwihariko ibijyanye no kumenya niba UNGUKA BANK Plc yarubahirije ibijyanye no kumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo. [22] Ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakoreshwaga mu gihe Nyirabwiza Justine yasezererwaga ku murimo iteganya ibikurikira: umukoresha ashobora gusezerera umukozi umwe cyangwa benshi bitewe no kuvugurura imikorere y’ikigo bikorwa kubera ingorane z’ubukungu cyangwa guhindura ikoranabuhanga ryakoreshwaga hagamijwe kugira ngo ikigo kirusheho gukora neza. Abakozi bagabanywa mu kigo batondekwa hakurikijwe ubushobozi ku murimo, amashuri, uburambe muri icyo kigo n’umubare w’abo atunze ku buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, bikitabwaho uko bikurikirana. Ibyo bimenyeshwa Umugenzuzi w’umurimo mu nyandiko. [23] Urukiko rurasanga iki kibazo cyo kumenyasha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo urutonde rw’abasezerwa kubera impamvu z’ubukungu cyaratanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RSOCAA 0014/12/CS, haburana Musoni wa Rwihimba Désiré na Banki ya Kigali Ltd, aho rwasobanuye ko gukora urutonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa ku mpamvu zivugwa mu ngingo ya 34 y’Itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru no kurumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo atari umuhango gusa, ahubwo ari ukugira ngo arusuzume neza, bityo arebe ko ibisabwa n’amategeko byubahirijwe1. [24] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaramo ibaruwa yo ku wa 30/07/2018 isesa amasezerano y’akazi UNGUKA BANK Plc yagiranye na Nyirabwiza Justine. Muri iyo baruwa UNGUKA BANK Plc ivuga ko ibabajwe no kumumenyesha ko amasezerano y’akazi yari afitanye na Banki aseshwe ku mpamvu z’ubukungu. Iyo baruwa ivuga kandi ko iryo seswa ry’amasezerano rihita rishyirwa mu 1 Reba igika cya 28 cy’urubanza RSOCAA 0014/12/CS, haburana Musoni wa Rwihimba Désiré na Banki ya Kigali Ltd rwaciwe ku wa 18/01/2013.

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bikorwa kuri iyo tariki ya 30/07/2018, ko ahabwa ibyo agenerwa n’amategeko bitarenze ku wa 31/07/2018 amaze gukora ihererekanyabubasha (hand over), ko kandi mu mwanya w’iminsi 30 y’integuza (préavis) ahabwa amafaranga. Dosiye igaragaza kandi ko UNGUKA BANK Plc yamenyesheje Umugenzuzi w’umurimo urutonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa kubera impamvu z’ubukungu ku wa 30/07/2018. [25] Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba kumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo byarakozwe mu buryo buteganywa n’amategeko, ingingo ya 34 in fine ntabwo ivuga igihe nyacyo umukoresha amenyesherezaho Umugenzuzi w’umurimo urutonde rw’abakozi bagabanywa mu kigo kubera impamvu z’ubukungu n’uburyo urwo rutonde rwakozwe. Iteganya gusa ko ibyo bimenyeshwa Umugenzuzi w’umurimo. [26] Urukiko rurasanga ariko nubwo iyi ngingo idateganya igihe nyacyo urwo rutondende rumenyeshwa Umugenzuzi w’umurimo, hagomba kurebwa impamvu urwo rutonde rumenyeshwa Umugenzuzi w’umurimo. Nk’uko abahanga mu mategeko babisobanura, Ubugenzuzi bw’umurimo bushinzwe kugenzura niba amategeko n’amabwiriza agenga umurimo byubahirizwa.2 [27] Urukiko rurebye ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryibukijwe haruguru, rukabihuza n’ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RSOCAA 0014/12/CS rwa Musoni wa Rwihimba Désiré na Banki ya Kigali Ltd, aho rwasobanuye ko kumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo atari umuhango gusa, ahubwo ari ukugira ngo agenzure neza ko amategeko yubahirijwe ndetse n’inyandiko z’abahanga zisobanura ko Ubugenzuzi bw’umurimo bushinzwe kugenzura niba amategeko n’amabwiriza agenga umurimo byubahirizwa; rurasanga ibi byose byumvikanisha ko umugenzuzi w’umurimo agomba kumenyeshwa urutonde rw’abagomba gusezererwa kubera impamvu z’ubukungu mbere y’uko abakozi basezererwa. Mu yandi magambo Umugenzuzi w’umurimo agomba kumenyeshwa urutonde mbere, agahabwa umwanya wo kugenzura niba koko abari kuri urwo rutonde ari bo bagomba gusezererwa, kandi niba rwarakozwe hubahirijwe ibyo amategeko asaba. [28] Urukiko rurasanga kuba mu gusesengura ingingo ivuzwe haruguru, Urukiko Rukuru rwaremeje ko itegeko rigenga umurimo ritatanze igihe ntarengwa urwo rutonde rugomba kuba rwageze ku Mugenzuzi w’umurimo, ko kandi nta bubasha umushingamategeko yahaye Umugenzuzi w’umurimo bwo kwemeza cyangwa kugira icyo asaba ko gihinduka kuri urwo rutonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa ku mpamvu z’ubukungu, bivuze ko kubanza kurumuha abakozi batarasezererwa nta nyungu ku mukozi cyangwa ku mukoresha; iyi myumvire y’Urukiko Rukuru ihabanye n’ibyafashweho icyemezo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RSOCAA 0014/12/CS rwavuzwe haruguru, kandi kugeza ubu nta kindi cyemezo cy’urwo Rukiko cyagihinduye, aho rwemeje ko, kumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo urutonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa atari umuhango gusa, ahubwo ari ukugira ngo arusuzume neza kandi arebe ko rwakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. 2 L’inspection du travail est chargée d’assurer le controle de l’application des prescriptions légales et réglementaires en matière du travail (Françoise Favennec-Hery Pierre-Yves Verkindt, Droit du travail, 6e édition, Paris, LGDJ, 2020, p. 496).

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[29] Urukiko rurasanga Urukiko Rukuru rwaragombaga kubona ko ibyo UNGUKA BANK Plc yakoze imenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo urutonde rw’abagomba gusezererwa, umunsi umwe n’uwo yamenyesherejeho Nyirabwiza Justine ko kumusezerera bihise bishyirwa mu bikorwa kuri iyo tariki, ari umuhango gusa kandi ko binyuranye n’icyo ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryavuzwe haruguru yari igamije. [30] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo uhagarariye UNGUKA BANK Plc avuga ko urubanza RSOCAA 0014/12/CS rwaciwe ku wa 18/01/2013 haburana Musoni wa Rwihimba Désiré na Bank of Kigali Ltd rutakoreshwa muri uru rubanza kuko muri urwo rubanza Bank of Kigali Ltd nta rutonde yari yakoze, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko icy’ingenzi ari uko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasesenguye ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryavuzwe haruguru rugasobanura ko kumenyesha Umugenzuzi w’umurimo urutonde rw’abakozi bagomba gusezererwa atari umuhango. Kuba rero UNGUKA BANK Plc yaramenyesheje Umugenzuzi w’umurimo, umunsi umwe n’uwo yasezereyeho Nyirabwiza Justine, bisobanuye ko yabifashe nk’umuhango; bityo bikaba binyuranye n’ibyo ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryavuzwe haruguru yari igamije. [31] Urukiko rurasanga na none ibyo uhagarariye UNGUKA BANK Plc avuga ko Nyirabwiza Justine yakomeje kuba umukozi wa UNGUKA BANK Plc kugeza ku wa 30/08/2018 ashatse kumvikanisha ko Umugenzuzi w’umurimo yamenyeshejwe urutonde mbere yuko Nyirabwiza Justine asezerwa ku kazi, nabyo nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, UNGUKA BANK Plc niyo yandikiye Nyirabwiza Justine imumenyesha ko kuva ku wa 30/07/2018 atakiri umukozi wayo. [32] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga Nyirabwiza Justine yarasezerewe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, bityo urubanza RSOCA 00079/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/11/2020, rukaba rugaragaramo akarengane, kuri iyi ngingo. [33] Urukiko rurasanga izindi mpamvu abahagarariye Nyirabwiza Justine bashingiraho basobanura ko ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 yibukijwe haruguru itubahirijwe, nk’ijyanye n’uburyo amanota yatanzwe, no kuba nta mpamvu z’ubukungu zariho, bitakiri ngombwa kuzisuzuma kubera ko Urukiko rwasanze Nyirabwiza Justine yarasezerewe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko rushingiye ku kuba umugenzuzi w’umurimo ataramenyeshejwe urutonde mu gihe gikwiye mbere yo gufata icyemezo cyo kwirukana umukozi, kandi izi mpamvu nta kindi zari zigamije kitari ugushimangira ko yasezerewe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko. [34] Urukiko rurasanga nyuma yo kwemeza ko Nyirabwiza Justine yasezerewe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko hagomba gusuzumwa ingaruka zabyo, ni ukuvuga ishingiro n’ingano by’indishyi z’akababaro asaba kugenerwa. Kumenya ishingiro n’ingano by’indishyi z’akababaro Nyirabwiza Justine yagenerwa [35] Ingingo ya 33 y’Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ryakoreshwaga igihe Nyirabwiza Justine yasezererwaga ku kazi, iteganya ibikurikira: iseswa ryose ry’amasezerano y’akazi rinyuranyije n’amategeko rishobora gutuma hatangwa indishyi z'akababaro. Indishyi z’akababaro zihabwa umukozi wirukanwe binyuranije n’amategeko ntizishobora kujya munsi y’umushahara w’amezi atatu (3), ariko kandi ntizishobora kurenza amezi atandatu (6). Ibi

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ntibibuza itangwa ry’ imperekeza umukozi yari asanzwe afiteho uburenganzira. Mu gika cya 2 cy’iyi ngingo ivuga ibikurikira: iyo umukozi afite uburambe ku kazi burenze imyaka icumi (10) ku mukoresha umwe, indishyi z’akababaro ntizishobora kurenga umushahara w’amezi icyenda (9). Ibi kandi ni ko bigenda ku bakozi bari intumwa z’abakozi n’abahagarariye sendika. [36] Mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/01/2020, haburana Niwemugeni Jeannette na KCB Bank Rwanda Plc, urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ko amafaranga umukozi wasezerewe ahabwa ari ahwanye n’umushahara atahana mu ntoki (salaire net) aho kuba umushahara mbumbe. Rwasobanuye kandi ko uwo murongo uhindura umurongo wari wafashwe mu manza zaciwe mbere n’urwo Rukiko, zirimo urubanza RSOCAA 0003/15/CS rwaciwe ku wa 05/05/2016, haburana Rugenera Marc na Soras Assurances Générales Ltd (SORAS AG) n’urubanza RSOCAA 0001&0002/16/CS rwaciwe ku wa 14/10/2016, haburana Ntukamazina Jean Baptiste na Prime Insurance Ltd (PRIME); muri izo manza hakaba hari haremejwe ko amafaranga ahabwa umukozi igihe asezerewe ku kazi abarirwa ku mushahara mbumbe (brut), ariko nta bisobanuro bishingiye ku mategeko byatanzwe.3 [37] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaramo inyandiko yiswe “Payship” igaragaza ko Nyirabwiza Justine yahembwaga umushara mbumbe ungana na 506.228 Frw, naho umushahara yatahanaga ukaba 318.648 Frw. [38] Imikirize y’urubanza RSOC 00012/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 28/02/2020, igaragaza ko Nyirabwiza Justine yagenewe indishyi z’akababaro zingana n’imishahara icyenda ni ukuvuga 506.228 Frws x9 =4.556.052 Frw. [39] Nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, Nyirabwiza Justine yirukanwe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, bityo rero agomba kugenerwa indishyi z’akababaro zingana n’umushahara we w’amezi icyenda kuko yasezerewe ku kazi amaze imyaka irenze icumi muri UNGUKA BANK Plc. Urukiko rurasanga izo ndishyi zigomba kubarirwa ku mushahara yatahanaga aho kuba ku mushahara mbumbe nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza rwa Niwemugeni Jeannette na KCB Bank Rwanda Plc rwavuzwe haruguru, ni ukuvuga 318.648 Frw X 9 = 2.867.832 Frw, aho guhabwa 4.556.052 Frw yemejwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rubariye ku mushahara mbumbe. 2. Kumenya niba Nyirabwiza Justine yarahawe integuza mu gihe UNGUKA BANK Plc yasesaga amasezerano y' umurimo yari ifitanye nawe [40] Abahagarariye Nyirabwiza Justine, bavuga ko ibijyanye n'integuza mu rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane, Urukiko rwagarutse ku kuba urutonde rw’abakozi basezerewe rwaramenyeshejwe umugenzuzi umunsi umwe n’amabaruwa atanga integuza anasezerera abakozi, bitavuze ko Umugenzuzi atarumenyeshejwe mbere yo gusezerera abakozi, rubishingiye ku kuba muri ayo mabaruwa asezerera abakozi harimo ko umukozi ahawe integuza (préavis), ibyo ngo bikaba bivuze ko umukozi aba agitegereje atarasezererwa mu kazi burundu. Ko ibi bisobanuro Urukiko Rukuru rwatanze, Nyirabwiza Justine asanga binyuranyije n'ibiri mu ibaruwa isesa amasezerano ye y’umurimo ifite ref. UB/CEO/529/SC/532/018 yo ku wa 30/07/2018 yandikiwe n’Umuyobozi Mukuru wa UNGUKA BANK Plc, aho isobanura impamvu yayo mu 3 Reba igika cya 36.

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buryo butaziguye, ikaba yaramumenyeshaga ko "amasezerano y'umurimo yari afitanye na Banki asheshwe kandi ko icyo cyemezo gitangira kubahirizwa guhera ku itariki ya 30/07/2018. [41] Basobanura ko muri iyo baruwa ntaho UNGUKA BANK Plc yateganyaga ko icyo cyemezo gishobora gusubirwaho nk'uko Urukiko rwashatse kubyumvikanisha, ndetse ko nta n'aho iyo baruwa isobanura igihe iyo nteguza yagombaga kurangirira, uretse kuvuga gusa ko integuza isimbujwe amafaranga. Ko rero iyi ari imwe mu mpamvu Nyirabwiza Justine ashingiraho agaragaza ko yarenganijwe, cyane ko asanga ubwo busobanuro bunyuranyije n’ubuteganywa n’amategeko, n’ubutangwa n’abahanga mu mategeko cyangwa ibigaragara mu manza zaciwe, ko integuza igomba kumenyeshwa mu nyandiko uruhande ireba, hakanagaragazwa impamvu zituma amasezerano aseswa. [42] Bakomeza basobanura ko ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 29 y’Itegeko rigenga umurimo, aho igira iti: amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kitazwi ashobora guseswa igihe cyose iyo umwe mu bayagiranye abishatse ariko ku mpamvu zumvikana. Iryo seswa ribanzirizwa n’integuza itangwa n’urishaka, ari na byo abahanga mu mategeko basobanuye muri aya magambo, ugenekereje mu Kinyarwanda, ko igihe cy’integuza gihwanye n’igihe kiri hagati yo kumenyesha gusezera ku kazi cyangwa gusezerera umukozi n’igihe nyakuri cyo guhagarika akazi k’umukozi4,, kandi ko ingingo ya 30 y’iryo Tegeko isobanura uburyo integuza igomba gutangwamo, igira iti: integuza igomba kumenyeshwa mu nyandiko uruhande ireba hagaragazwa n’impamvu zituma amasezerano aseswa. Avuga ko ibyo na byo abahanga mu mategeko bagize icyo babivugaho bashingiye ku byemezo inkiko zagiye zifata ku birebana no kumenyesha integuza, aho uwitwa Jean Pélissier na bagenzi be bavuga ko « umukoresha wafashe icyemezo cyo gusesa amasezerano agomba kumenyesha mu ibaruwa ishinganye umukozi wasezerewe n’impamvu z’uko gusezererwa. Urukiko rusesa imanza rutandukanya imenyesha ry’isezererwa kandi runashyiraho ibihano bikarishye mu gihe imenyesha ritakozwe mu buryo buteganywa n’itegeko5. [43] Basobanura na none ko abahanga mu mategeko barimo uwitwa Céline Lavachy na bagenzi bavuze ko igihe cy’integuza cyagenwe n’amasezerano y’umurimo kigize ingingo y’ayo masezerano, itagomba guhindurwa ku bushake bw’umukoresha gusa6, ko basanga rero mu gihe byaba bigenze bityo byaba binyuranye n’ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko rigenga amasezerano ryibukijwe haruguru, iteganya ko amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye. Bityo ko Nyirabwiza Justine anenga kuba Urukiko rwaremeje ko yahawe integuza kandi ntayo yahawe. [44] Bavuga na none ko ibivugwa na UNGUKA BANK Plc ko yahaye Nyirabwiza Justine integuza atari byo, kuko ifite uburyo itangwamo, ko bashingiye ku ngingo ya nayo 70 y' Itegeko N° 4 “Le délai de préavis correspond à la période qui doit s'écouler entre la notification de démission ou de licenciement de l'employé et la date effective du départ de l'employé”. 5Le législateur prévoit que l’employeur, auteur du licenciement doit notifier le licenciement au salarié par lettre recommandée et qu’il doit mentionner dans cette lettre le ou les motifs de licenciement» kandi ko: "La Cour de cassation isole la notification du licenciement des phases de la procédure de licenciement et instaure une sanction rigoureuse lorsque la notification ne répond pas aux exigences de la loi" 6 “La durée de préavis fixée par le contrat de travail constitue un élément de ce contrat et ne peut donc être modifié unilatéralement par l’employeur”.

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45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, iteganya ko buri ruhande rufite inshingano yo kurangiza amasezerano nta buriganya kandi rukarangwa n imikorere myiza yemerwa ku bagiranye ‟ amasezerano", basanga kuba amasezerano y'umurimo y'igihe kitazwi ya Nyirabwiza Justine yagiranye na UNGUKA BANK Plc yarateganyaga ko mu gihe hari uruhande rwifuza gusesa amasezerano rugomba guha urundi integuza, UNGUKA BANK Plc yafashe icyemezo cyo kuyasesa, yari ifite inshingano yo kumuha integuza hashingiwe ku byateganywaga n'ayo masezerano impande zombi zashyizeho umukono, no ku biteganywa n'ingingo ya 1 agace ka 21, y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo, iteganya ko guhagarika amasezerano y’akazi bikozwe n’umukoresha nta mpamvu igaragara cyangwa hadakurikijwe uburyo bwateganyijwe n’amategeko byitwa kwirukanwa nta mpamvu, akaba ari na byo UNGUKA BANK Plc yakoze yirukana Nyirabwiza Justine. Ko rero akarengane gashingiye ku kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwarirengagije ibyo byose, maze rukavuga ko ibyo UNGUKA BANK Plc yakoze byakurikije amategeko ndetse ko na Nyirabwiza Justine yahawe integuza. [45] Uhagarariye UNGUKA BANK Plc avuga ko ibyo Nyirabwiza Justine ashingiraho ku ngingo ya mbere, n’ibyo ashingiraho ku ngingo ya kabiri asaba ko urubanza RSOC 00079/2020/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, nta na hamwe bihura n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 55 y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ko ahubwo asa n’aho atangije urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere, yirengagije ko habayeho izindi manza zaciwe zanashingiweho mu kohereza uru rubanza muri uru Rukiko. Ko uretse n’ibyo kandi, atashoboye kugaragariza Urukiko Rukuru ikimenyetso cy’uko nta nteguza yahawe, cyangwa ko atayihawe mu nyandiko ngo rureke kucyitaho. [46] Asobanura ko ikirego cya Nyirabwiza Justine kitagomba guhabwa ishingiro, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 55 y’itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, na cyane ko atagaragaza icyo Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze cyangwa icyo icyemezo rwafashe cyamurenganijeho ku ngingo ebyiri ashingiraho akarengane avuga ko yagiriwe, zijyanye no kuba igihe cy’integuza gihwanye n’igihe kiri hagati yo kumenyesha gusezera ku kazi cyangwa gusezerera umukozi n’igihe nyakuri cyo guhagarikira akazi k’umukozi, no kuba integuza igomba kumenyeshwa mu nyandiko uruhande ireba hagaragazwa n’impamvu zituma amasezerano aseswa, ngo agihuze n’ingingo ya 55 y’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa. [47] Avuga kandi ko Nyirabwiza Justine atagaragarije Urukiko rwaciye urubanza mu bujurire ikimeneyetso cy’uko nta nteguza yahawe, cyangwa ko atayihawe mu nyandiko ngo rube rutaracyitayeho. Ko ahubwo yirengagiza nkana ko mu ibaruwa isesa amasezerano, isobanura neza ko ahawe integuza y’ukwezi kumwe, ni ukuvuga kuva ku wa 30/7/2018 kugeza ku wa 30/8/2018, ariko ko umukoresha yahisemo kuyivunjamo amafaranga, kandi ko ibyo byubahirije Itegeko, kandi ko na we ubwe yemera ko yahawe amafaranga mu mwanya w’integuza nk’uko agaragara kuri décompte final ye, ariko akabirengaho avuga ko atahawe integuza. Ko rero ibyo bitekerezo bye byombi bidakwiye kubangikanywa mu rubanza rumwe. [48] Akomeza avuga ko ibyo Nyirabwiza Justine avuga ntacyo bishingiyeho, kuko ingingo ya 32 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakurikizwaga icyo gihe, iteganya ko iseswa ryose ry’amasezerano y’akazi y'igihe kitazwi, nta nteguza cyangwa se igihe cy’integuza kitarubahirijwe cyose, bituma uyasheshe aha undi indishyi y'amafaranga angana

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n'umushahara n’andi mashimwe yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza kitubahirijwe. Ko ku bijyanye n’aya mafaranga atangwa n'usheshe amasezerano y'umurimo nta nteguza cyangwa igihe cy'integuza kitubahirijwe cyose, mu rurimi rw'igifaransa rwakoreshejwe mu Itegeko yiswe "Indemnité compensatoire de préavis”, ibyo bikaba byumvikanisha ko Umushingamategeko yatanze amahitamo yo gutanga integuza mu gihe cyangwa mu mafaranga. [49] Asobanura ko ari nako Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwabisobanuye mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/SC [32,33] haburana Niwemugeni Jeannette na KCB BANK Rwanda Plc, aho Urukiko rwasobanuye neza ko iyo igihe cy'integuza kitatanzwe kigasimbuzwa umushahara n'andi mashimwe umukozi yagomba guhembwa mu gihe cy'integuza nta tegeko riba ritubahirijwe, kandi ko ari na ko Urukiko Rukuru rwabiboneye mu rubanza RSOC 00079/2020/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 18, aho rwasobanuye neza ko kuba Nyirabwiza Justine yarahawe mbere amafaranga yagombaga guhabwa igihe cy’integuza kirangiye, ntacyo bihindura ku biteganywa n’Itegeko ku nteguza, ahubwo ko ari we bifitiye inyungu, kuko mu gihe cy’integuza yagombaga gukomeza gukora, akagira uburenganzira ku munsi umwe mu cyumweru wo gushaka akazi. Ko kuba atarabikoze, bivuze ko umukoresha yamuhaye iminsi y’ukwezi kose, kandi agahabwa umushahara we (amafaranga asimbura integuza), nabyo ari we wabigizemo inyungu. [50] Asoza avuga ko hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, by’uko Nyirabwiza Justine yahawe integuza ivujwe mu mafaranga kandi bikaba byubahirije ibiteganywa n’itegeko, UNGUKA BANK Plc isanga nta karengane yagiriwe mu rubanza RSOC 00079/2020/HC/KIG asubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, kuko atabasha kuvuguruza iyo myumvire y’Urukiko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [51] Ingingo ya 29 y’Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ryakoreshwaga igihe Nyirabwiza Justine yasezererwaga ku kazi, iteganya ko amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kitazwi ashobora guseswa igihe cyose iyo umwe mu bayagiranye abishatse ariko ku mpamvu zumvikana. Iryo seswa ribanzirizwa n’integuza itangwa n’urishaka. [52] Ingingo ya 32 y’Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryibukijwe haruguru iteganya ko iseswa ryose ry’amasezerano y’akazi y'igihe kitazwi, nta nteguza cyangwa se igihe cy’integuza kitarubahirijwe cyose, bituma uyasheshe aha undi indishyi y'amafaranga angana n'umushahara n’andi mashimwe yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza kitubahirijwe. [53] Nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, ibaruwa UNGUKA BANK Plc yandikiye Nyirabwiza Justine ku wa 30/07/2018, imumenyesha ko isheshe amasezerano y’akazi bari bafitanye, inamumenyesha ko bigomba guhita bishyirwa mu bikorwa (with immediate effect), bivuze ko nta gihe cy’integuza cyatanzwe. Nk’uko bimaze kugaragazwa haruguru, iyo nta gihe cy’integuza cyatanzwe, hatangwa indishyi zihwanye n’amafaranga y’umushahara n’andi mashimwe umukozi yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza, kandi ibyo UNGUKA BANK Plc yarabikoze. Ibi byo gusimbuza igihe cy’integuza amafaranga, ntabwo ari umwihariko w’Itegeko rigenga umurimo mu

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Rwanda, kuko nk’uko byibukijwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/SC7 rukurikije ibivugwa n’abahanga mu mategeko François Gaudu na Raymonde Vatinet, kimwe na Gilles Auzero na Emmanuel Dockes8, umukoresha ashobora gusaba umukozi kutaza mu kazi mu gihe cy’integuza, ahubwo akamugenera ingurane mu mafaranga. Kuba rero UNGUKA BANK Plc itaratanze igihe cy’integuza ariko igaha Nyirabwiza Justine indishyi zihwanye n’amafaranga y’umushahara n’andi mashimwe umukozi yagombaga kubona mu gihe cy’integuza, Nyirabwiza Justine akaba adahakana ko atabihawe, Urukiko rurasanga UNGUKA BANK Plc yarubahije ibiteganwa n’ingingo ya 32 y’Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryibukijwe haruguru; bityo kuri iyi ngingo nta karengane kagaragara mu rubanza RSOCA 00079/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/11/2020. 3. Kumenya niba Nyirabwiza Justine yahabwa indishyi kubera ingaruka yatewe n’icyemezo cyo kumwirukana (dommages et intérêts en réparation du préjudice subi) [54] Abahagarariye Nyirabwiza Justine bavuga ko kuba Nyirabwiza Justine kugeza ubu adashobora kongera kujya gupiganira akazi, no kuba icyemezo UNGUKA BANK Plc yamufatiye kidashyize mu gaciro cyaramuvukije amahirwe ye yo kubona pension imukwiye, ku buryo yatangiye kugerwaho n’ingaruka zacyo, ari impamvu zikomeye zituma agomba guhabwa indishyi zihwanye n'umushahara we w'amezi 12, ni ukuvuga 542.292 Frw x 12 (amezi) = 6.507.504 Frw, kubera izo ngaruka, igihombo ndetse n’ubuzima (situation) icyo cyemezo cyamushyizemo.9 [55] Uhagarariye UNGUKA BANK Plc avuga ko indishyi zihwanye n’umushahara w’amezi 12 Nyirabwiza Justine asaba kuri iyi ngingo ntacyo zishingiyeho. Ko uretse no kuba atarabashije kugaragaza ishingiro ry’akarengane mu rwego rw’amategeko (droit) hashingiwe n’uko ibintu biteye (faits), kuvuga ko adashobora gupiganira akazi ahandi, niba koko byarabaye bitatewe na UNGUKA BANK Plc, kuko icyo iyi Banki yakoze ari ugusesa amasezerano kubera impamvu z’ubukungu, kandi ko yamuhaye ibyo amategeko ateganya byose. Avuga kandi ko nta na hamwe UNGUKA BANK Plc yigeze yandika cyangwa yemeze ko Nyirabwiza Justine afite ubusembwa butuma atakongera gupiganirwa akazi, cyangwa ko atashaka akazi ahandi ngo atangirwe ubwitegenyirize 7 Reba urubanza RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 31 Mutarama 2020, haburana Niwemugeni Jeannette na KCB BANK Plc. 8 “Le préavis est en principe une période de travail, le salarié devant rester à la disposition de l’employeur. L’employeur peut cependant dispenser le salarié de l’exécution du préavis, en lui versant alors l’équivalent du salaire sous forme d’une indemnité de préavis;” François Gaudu et Raymonde Vatinet, Droit du travail, 5e édition, Dalloz, 2013, p. 213-214. “Le délai–congé ou préavis n’existe en principe que dans les cas où la rupture du contrat de travail résulte de la volonté unilatérale d’une des parties au contrat: licenciement, ……. L’employeur a droit de dispenser unilatéralement le salarié d’exécuter son travail pendant le délai-congé à condition de lui verser toutes les sommes que celui-ci aurait perçues s’il avait fourni sa prestation de travail jusqu’à l’expiration du préavis.” Gilles Auzero et Emmanuel Dockes; Droit du travail, 30e édition, Dalloz, 2016, p. 610, 619. 9 Abahanga mu mategeko, barimo uwitwa Jean Pélissier na bagenzi be na Gilles Auzero & Emmanuel Dockès, bose bahuriza ko:” Le droit de l’employeur de dispenser le salarié de fournir sa prestation de travail pendant le préavis est, comme tout droit, susceptible d’abus. Il y a abus lorsque la décision de l’employeur s’accompagne d’une brutalité et de méfiance, qui fait supposer aux tiers que le salarié a commis une faute grave. Dans ce cas, l’employeur devra non seulement payer une indemnité compensatrice de préavis, mais également des dommages et intérêts en réparation du préjudice subi par le salarié”.

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butuma azabona pension. Bityo ko indishyi Nyirabwiza Justine asaba kuri iyi ngingo nta shingiro zifite. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [56] Urukiko rurasanga Nyirabwiza Justine usibye kuvuga gusa ko asaba indishyi zihwanye n'umushahara we w'amezi 12 kubera ingaruka yatewe n’icyemezo kidakurikije amategeko cyafashwe na UNGUKA BANK Plc, nta garagaza ingingo y’itegeko ashingiraho azisaba, nta nubwo agaragaza ko mu gusezerwa kwe hari ihohoterwa cyangwa kumusebya byaba byarakozwe na UNGUKA BANK Plc, bityo rero izi ndishyi asaba nta shingiro zifite kuko ntaho zishingiye. 4. Kumenya niba Nyirabwiza Justine yasubizwa amafaranga yategetswe n’Urukiko kwishyura UNGUKA BANK Plc [57] Uhagarariye Nyirabwiza Justine avuga ko mu rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane, Urukiko rwategetse Nyirabwiza Justine guha UNGUKA BANK Plc indishyi zingana na 640,000 Frw, bityo akaba asaba ko mu gihe Urukiko rwaramuka ruhaye ishingiro ikirego cye, rukwiriye gutegeka UNGUKA BANK Plc kumusubiza ayo mafaranga. [58] Uhagarariye UNGUKA BANK Plc avuga ko kugeza ubu Nyirabwiza Justine atabasha kugaragaza aho akarengane avuga ko yagiriwe gashingiye mu rwego rw’amategeko (droit), hashingiwe k’uko ibintu biteye (faits), bityo ko urubanza RSOCA 00079/2020/HC/KIG rukwiye kugumana agaciro karwo. Kandi ko indishyi Nyirabwiza Justine yategetswe kwishyura UNGUKA BANK Plc zari zifite ishingiro, zikaba zigomba kugumaho kuko yareze UNGUKA BANK Plc yirengagije nkana ko amasezerano yasheshwe kubera ingorane z’ubukungu, kandi akaba yarahawe ibyo amategeko amuteganyiriza byose. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [59] Imikirize y’urubanza RSOCA 00079/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/11/2020, igaragaza ko Nyirabwiza Justine yategetswe guha UNGUKA Bank Plc 500.000 y’igihembo cya Avoka, 100.000 y’ikurikiranarubanza, no kuyisubiza 40.000 yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama. Yose hamwe akaba ari 640.000 Frw [60] Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko byagaragaye haruguru, kuba Nyirabwiza Justine yarasezerewe na UNGUKA BANK Plc mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, agomba gusubizwa 640.000 Frw yishyuye UNGUKA BANK Plc harangizwa urubanza RSOCA 00079/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/11/2021. 5. Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza, ay’igarama n’ay’ihembo cya Avoka ndetse n’indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza bisabwa muri uru rubanza bifite ishingiro [61] Abahagarariye Nyirabwiza Justine bashingiye ku ngingo ya 24, agace ka 3 no ku ngingo ya 34 z’Amabwiriza Nº 01/2014 agena ibihembo mbonera by'Abavoka, basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka UNGUKA BANK Plc kwishyura Nyirabwiza Justine 3.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya

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Avoka, kubera imirimo itandukanye yakoze akurikirana urubanza kuva ku rwego rwa mbere kugeza kuri uru rwego rw' Ubujurire. [62] Bavuga kandi ko bashingiye ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi basaba Urukiko gutegaka UNGUKA BANK Plc guha Nyirabwiza Justine 3.500.000 Frw y’indishyi zo kuba yaramushoye mu manza zitari ngombwa. [63] Bavuga na none ko bashingira ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 269, y’Itegeko Nº22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru asaba UNGUKA BANK Plc gusubiza Nyirabwiza Justine ingwate y’amagarama ingana 20.000 Frw yatanze arega ku rwego rwa mbere. [64] Uhagarariye UNGUKA BANK Plc avuga ko Nyirabwiza Justine akwiye kwirengera amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka yaba yarishyuye muri izi manza yishoyemo akazitsindwa, kuko kugeza ubu azi neza ko UNGUKA BANK atari yo yamureze, ko kandi kuba kugeza ubu atabashaka kugaragaza akarengane yatewe n’urubanza RSOC 00079/2020/HC/KIG. [65] Avuga kandi ko 3.500.000 Frw y’indishyi Nyirabwiza Justine asaba UNGUKA BANK Plc ko adakwiye kuzihabwa, kuko ari we watangije imanza akazishoramo UNGUKA BANK Plc ayirega hanyuma akazitsindwa, kugeza ubu kandi akaba atabasha kugaragaza akarengane yagiriwe mu rubanza RSOC 00079/2020/HC/KIG. Ko ari we wahisemo gukomeza imanza z’amaherere (actions témeraires et véxatoires) yirengagije nkana ko amasezerano yasheshwe ku mpamvu no mu buryo byemewe n’amategeko, kandi ko yahawe ibyo amategeko amuteganyiriza byose. Bityo ko indishyi asaba ntaho zishingiye. [66] Akomeza avuga ko ingwate y'amagarama kimwe n'ibindi byose yatanze mu rubanza, Nyirabwiza Justine asaba akwiye kuzabyirengera, kuko ari we wasubirishijemo urubanza ku mpamvu z'akarengane, kandi atabasha kunenga icyemezo cyarufashwemo, akaba agomba kwirengera inkurikirizi zose zaturuka ku kirego yatanze. [67] Avuga na none ko UNGUKA BANK Plc itanze ikirego kiregera kwiregura, isaba kwishyurwa ibyo yatakaje byose ku rubanza kuri uru rwego, aho yiyambaje Abavoka, ndetse ikanatanga amafaranga yo gukurikirana urubanza bitewe na Nyirabwiza Justine ukomeje kuyishora mu manza, yirengagije nkana ko amasezerano y’umurimo yasheshwe mu buryo bikurikije amategeko kubera ingorane z’ubukungu, kandi yarahawe ibyo amategeko amuteganyiriza byose. Bityo ko asaba Urukiko gutegeka Nyirabwiza Justine gusubiza UNGUKA BANK Plc 1.500.000 Frw akubiyemo ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo. [68] Abahagarariye Nyirabwiza Justine biregura ku mafaranga UNGUKA BANK Plc isaba bavuga ko nta shingiro afite kuko ari yo yatumye habaho imanza yirukana Nyirabwiza Justine mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [69] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 28/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: ikirego

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cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe. [70] Urukiko rurasanga Nyirabwiza Justine agomba kugenerwa amafaranga yatakaje akurikirana anaburana uru rubanza, ariko ayo asaba ni menshi hakurikijwe ibyakozwe mu rubanza, mu bushishozi bwarwo rumugeneye 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego, 500.000 y’igihembo cya Avoka yo mu Rukiko Rukuru yiyongera kuri 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka yari yagenewe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, yose hamwe akaba 1.700.000 Frw agomba gutangwa na UNGUKA BANK Plc. Rurasanga kandi igomba kumusubiza 20.000 Frw y’amagarama yatanze arega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge. [71] Ku bijyanye n’indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza ku maherere Nyirabwiza Justine asaba, Urukiko rurasanga adakwiye kuzihabwa, kuko nubwo UNGUKA BANK Plc yasheshe amasezerano mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, ariko ntabwo ari yo yatangije urubanza, ahubwo yararezwe iriregura; bityo izi ndishyi Nyirabwiza Justine asaba nta shingiro zifite. [72] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza UNGUKA BANK Plc isaba nta shingiro afite kuko byagaragaye ko urubanza RSOCA 00097/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/11/2021 rurimo akarengane. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [73] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Nyirabwiza Justine cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane urubanza N° RSOCA 00097/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/11/2020, gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [74] Rutegetse UNGUKA Bank Plc guha Nyirabwiza Justine 2.867.832 Frw y’indishyi zo kwirukanwa ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. [75] Rutegetse UNGUKA BANK Plc gusubiza Nyirabwiza Justine 640.000 Frw yishyuye UNGUKA BANK Plc harangizwa urubanza RSOCA 00079/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/11/2021. [76] Rutegetse UNGUKA BANK Plc guha Nyirabwiza Justine 1.700.000 Frw akubiyemo ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka ku nzego zose. [77] Rutegetse UNGUKA BANK Plc gusubiza Nyirabwiza Justine 20.000 Frw y’amagarama yatanze arega ku rwego rwa mbere.