NYIRAGATO NABANDI v SONARWA

# NYIRAGATO NABANDI v SONARWA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-07-01 - Case/document no.: RCA 00052/2022/HC/KIG - Collection: High Court

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NYIRAGATO N’ABANDI v SONARWA [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU - RCA 00052/2022/HC/KIG (Harerimana, P.J.) 30 Kamena 2023] Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Imanza ziregera indishyi -Kwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku rupfu rwatewe n’impanuka yo mu muhanda - Indishyi zatewe n’impanuka yo mu muhanda zigenerwa gusa uwari usanzwe atunzwe n’uwapfuye kandi akabitangira ibimenyetso ko yari amutunze koko. Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Imanza ziregera indishyi - Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yo mu muhanda ku muntu urengeje imyaka y’ubukure - Umuntu urengeje imyaka y’ubukure ntiyavuga ko adashoboye kwitunga atagaragaje impamvu idasanzwe, kandi akabitangira ibimenyetso bifatika nk’inyandiko zo kwa muganga zerekana niba afite ubumuga, uburwayi cyangwa ikindi kibazo kidasanzwe cyatuma atibeshaho. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yabaye ikozwe n’ikinyabiziga cyari gitwawe na Kamanzi igahitana uwitwa Ngayaboshya hanyuma abo mu muryango we bakitabaza Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge barega SONARWA nayo yagobokesheje Kamanzi bagasaba ko SONARWA yabaha indishyi zitandukanye. Urukiko rwemeje ko indishyi zigomba gutangwa na Kamanzi kuko yarengeje umubare w’abari bishyingiwe hagendewe ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi yari afitanye na SONARWA. Abaregera indishyi ntibanyuzwe n’icyi cyemezo bakijurira mu Rukiko rukuru basaba ko indishyi zatangwa na SONARWA nkuko yagiye inazitanga mu zindi manza zisa nk’uru. SONARWA yo yisobanura ivuga ko nta kuntu yakwishyura mu gihe imodoka yakoze impanuka yari ifite ubwishingizi bw’abantu 6 gusa, nyamara yari itwaye abantu 23; ikomeza kandi isobanura ko abo mu muryango wa nyakwigendera badakwiriye kwitwaza amakosa ye kuko ajya kujya inyuma mu modoka akicara ahajya imizigo hamwe n’abandi bantu 21 ntiyari ayobewe ko bibujijwe n’amategeko. Kamanzi we asobanura ko indishyi zigomba gutangwa na SONARWA kuko Iyo uwo mubare w’abantu batwawe mu kinyabiziga urenze uwateganijwe, SONARWA yishyura kuri buri muntu indishyi zihwanye n'izo yagombaga gutanga ukubye n'umubare w'abantu banditse mu masezerano, ukagabanya n'uwo abantu bari batwawe muri icyo gihe cy’impanuka. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umubare w’abantu bagendera mu kinyabiziga harimo n’ugitwaye, ntugomba kurenga uwateganyijwe mu mategeko. Iyo uwo mubare urenze, sonarwa yishyura kuri buri muntu indishyi zihwanye n’izo yagombaga gutanga ukubye n’umubare w’abantu banditse mu masezerano ukagabanya n’uw’ abantu bari batwawe mu gihe cy’impanuka bityo SONARWA ni yo ikwiye kwishyura abarega indishyi. Ubujurire bwatanzwe bufite ishingiro; SONARWA itegetswe kwishyura Nyiragato n’ abana be indishyi zitandukanye. Amategeko yashingiweho:

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Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111; Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ingingo ya 23. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2021/SC rwaciwe n’ Urukiko rw’ikirenga. RS/INJUST/RC 00018/2022/SC rwaciwe ku itariki ya 27/01/2023, haburana Niyonzima n’abandi na Sanlam Ag plc Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: Barry Zelma, Insurance Law, Erlanger, The National Underwriter Company, 2015, p. 71. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’ URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, abo mu muryango wa Ngayaboshya Jean barega SONARWA, hagobokeshwa Kamanzi wellars basaba indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka, bagasaba indishyi zitandukanye zirimo indishyi z'ibangamirabukungu, indishyi z'akababaro n'amafaranga yakoreshejwe, igihembo cy’avoka

n'amafaranga y'ikurikiranarubanza. [2] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwakijije urubanza rwemeza ko SONARWA idakwiriye guha abarega indishyi ko zikwiriye gutangwa na Kamanzi. Abarega bajuririye urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru. Me Niyitegeka Eraste ubahagarariye avuga ko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye hirengagijwe ko mu zindi manza, Sonarwa yaburanye mu zindi nkiko (mu rukiko rwisumbuye rwa rusizi) igatsindwa, ntijurire ikishyura abantu bakomerekeye muri iriya mpanuka. nta bwo ku mpanuka imwe abishyuzwa bakwiye kuba barenze umwe, iyi ni nayo mpamvu ku ikubitiro sonarwa yari yemeye kumvikana (transaction) n’ubwo nyuma baje kubihakana bakanga kwishyura, ikindi kandi gikomeye n’uko Sonarwa ubwayo yari yandikiye Kamanzi Wellars imumenyesha ko izishyura abagizweho ingaruka n’impanuka iyo baruwa nayo Urukiko rwisumbuye rwarayirengagije, iyo niyo mpamvu basaba ko urukiko rwemeza ko Sonarwa AG ltd ariyo yishyura indishyi zategetswe mu rubanza. [3] Me Munderere Leopord uhagarariye SONARWA avuga ko abarega bajuriye kubera impamvu imwe gusa: kuba atari Sonarwa yategetswe kubishyura, ko rero bashaka gukingira ikibaba umuburanyi wahamijwe ikosa ngo ntabe ari we wishyura. urukiko rwatanze indishyi muri iyi dossier, runavuga ugomba kuzitanga uwo ari we. ikibabaje kinateje amakenga, ni ukubona abarega badashaka kwishyurwa n’uwatsinzwe, bagashaka kubihirikira kuri Sonarwa. Ko nta kuntu SONARWA yakwishyura mu gihe: a) imodoka yakoze impanuka yari ifite ubwishingizi bw’abantu 6 gusa, nyamara yari itwaye abantu 23. b) abo mu muryango wa nyakwigendera Ngayaboshya Jean badakwiriye kwitwaza amakosa ye” (nul n’est entendu quand il invoque sa propre turpitude) kuko ajya kujya inyuma mu modoka akicara ahajya imizigo

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hamwe n’abandi bantu 21 ntiyari ayobewe ko bibujijwe n’amategeko. Bityo ko abasaba indishyi birengagije ko uwo bazisabira ari we nyirabayazana w’impanuka 100%, ko bityo ntacyo SONARWA ikwiriye kubazwa. Akomeza avuga ko impamvu itangwa ko hari izindi manza zifitanye isano n’uru zishyuwe na Sonarwa, uretse ko nta n’ikimenyetso bitangirwa, n’iyo cyaba gihari ntibyaba impamvu yo gukomeza gutangisha Sonarwa amafaranga n’ubwo yaba atari yo igomba kuyatanga. [4] Kamanzi Wellars wagobokeshejwe avuga ko Urukiko rwarirengagije ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 136 y’ itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano, agasaba Urukiko kwemeza ko urubanza RC 01164/2019/TGI/NYGE ruhindutse, rugategeka SONARWA kwishyura indishyi hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 56, igika cya gatatu ya conditions generales. Akomeza avuga ko atagombaga kugobokeshwa mu rubanza ndetse ngo ategekwe no kwishyura indishyi kubera impamvu zikurikira. Hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 56, igika cya gatatu ya conditions generales de la Police d'Assurance Automobile ya SONARWA, SONARWA igomba kwishyura indishyi ku bantu bagiriye impanuka mu modoka ya Kamanzi Wellars yari yishingiye. Iyo ngingo igira iti: umubare w'abantu bagendera mu kinyabiziga harimo n'ugitwariye ntugomba kurenga uwateganyije mu mategeko. Iyo uwo mubare urenze SONARWA yishyure kuri buri muntu indishyi zihwanye n'izo yagombaga gutanga ukubye n'umubare w'abantu banditse mu masezerano, ukagabanya n'uwo abantu bari batwawe muri icyo gihe cy’impanuka. Iyo babara abantu batwawe, abana bari munsi y'imyaka ine (4) ntibabarwa, n'aho abafite guhera myaka ine kugeza kuri 15, habarwa ko buri mwana yicara kuri 2/3 by'umyanya. Ibyo ari byose iyo iryo barwa ritanze umubare urimo ibice, hafatwa umubare wuzuye'' [5] Me Munderere Leopold uhagarariye SONARWA avuga ko Kamanzi Wellars avuga ko urukiko rwirengagije ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 136 y’ itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano kuko rutemeye imyiregurire ye, agategekwa kwishyura indishyi. Ko ibyo atari ukuri kubera impamvu zikurikira: ‘umuyobozi wa kimwe mu binyabiziga byavuzwe ku gika cya mbere abujijwe gutwara abantu mu bice by'inyuma bya karisoro y'icyo kinyabiziga cyangwa ya romoruki yacyo’. byumvikane rero neza ko kamanzi wellars watwaye abantu 21 inyuma hagenewe imizigo atakwitwaza amakosa ye ngo yange kwishyura. 2. ingingo ya 22 ya conditions générales d’assurance kamanzi wellars yemera igira iti: “uretse ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 23, igihe cyose uwishingiwe atubahirije amasezerano atakaza uburenganzira bwo kugobokwa. ariko, iyo sonarwa igomba kwishyura abangijwe (uko byagenda kose kubera amategeko), ifite uburanganzira bwo kwishyuriza uwishingiwe ibyo yamutangiye bitayibujije ndetse n’ubundi burenganzira bwose yaba amufiteho. Sonarwa ikurikirana uwishingiwe ku ndishyi zose yamutangiye, n’ibindi byose yatakaza ndetse n’amagarama y’urukiko. “ingingo ya 25.2 yo igira iti: “Sonarwa ishobora nanone kwanga kwishyura uwishingiwe cyangwa ikamukurikirana ku byo yamwishyuriye, iyo mu gihe cy’impanuka abangirijwe bari batwawe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’ubu bukurikira: ku kinyabiziga gitwara ibintu: iyo uwafashe ubwishingizi yavuze ko ikinyabiziga cyanditswe mu masezerano ari iyo gutwara ibintu, abantu cyatwara bagomba gutwarirwa ubuntu ariko imbere cyangwa ku ntebe zifatishwa mu kinyabiziga. iyo batwawe muri ubwo buryo, ntibagomba kurenga babiri ku kinyabiziga cyose ndetse n’iyo hari icyo byaba bikururana, keretse iyo hari amasezerano yihariye abiteganya ukundi. “ibi byose rero bigaragaza ko nta ndishyi sonarwa yaryozwa kuko byaba binyuranye n’amasezerano impande zombi zasinye, ko indishyi zose zabazwa kamanzi wellars nyiri imodoka yateje impanuka, kandi na nyakwigendera akagerekwaho uruhare yagize rwo kwemera kujya mu mwanya w’umuzigo kandi ari umuntu.

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[6] Me Munderere Leopold akomeza avuga ko kugobokesha Kamanzi Wellars mu rubanza, kwari ukwirinda ko nyuma hazabaho izindi manza hagati ye na Sonarwa kuko yemerewe kumukurikirana (recours). ku birebana n’indishyi, n’iyo sonarwa iba ari yo yari kuzishyura, ntabwo byumvikana ukuntu umuryango wa nyakwigendera wari wemeye kwishyurwa indishyi zose hamwe za 3.769.600 frw usaba gusa inyungu za 18% mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 30/08/2019, bakwemererwa guhindura bagasaba izirenzeho. Sonarwa ariko isanga nta ndishyi yatanga kubera impamvu zikurikira: 1. Nta bwishingizi Kamanzi Wellars yari afite bwo gutwara abantu mu mwanya wagenewe imizigo (ingingo ya 66.4 ya code de la route igira iti: “umuyobozi wa kimwe mu binyabiziga byavuzwe ku gika cya mbere abujijwe gutwara abantu mu bice by'inyuma bya karisoro y'icyo kinyabiziga cyangwa ya romoruki yacyo”. 2. Abo mu muryango wa nyakwigendera bagomba kwirengera ingaruka y’amakosa ye angana na 100% kuko yemeye kujya mu mwanya w’imizigo kandi abona neza ko ari amakosa. Ko Kamanzi Wellars nyir’imodoka ariwe ugomba kwirengera indishyi zose aho kuba sonarwa. [7] Mu iburanisha, Me Munderere Leopold avuga ko SONARWA yakwishyura 50% ko indishyi z’ akababazo zitarimo. [8] Ku bijyanye n’indishyi, Me Niyitegeka Eraste Uhagarariye Nyiragato Florida na bagenzi be avuga ko bitewe n'uko SONARWA yabashoye mu manza, yanze ko bumvikana barasaba ko yazabishyura amafaranga angana na million (1 000 000 frw), y'ikurikiranarubanza n'igihembo cy’ avoka ndetse n’ay'igarama angana n’ibihumbi mirongo itanu (40. 000 frw). [9] Kamanzi Wellars arasaba Urukiko ko yahabwa amafaranga y'igihembo cy'Avoka kingana na 1.000.000 Frw hakubiyemo 500.0000 Frw y'ikurikiranarubanza; Gusubizwa ingwate y'amagarama ingana na 40.000Frw yatanzwe hinjizwa ikirego. [10] Me Munderere Leopold uhagarariye SONARWA avuga ko SONARWA ishingiye ku ngingo ya 111 y’ itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano, SONARWA irasaba ko abayireze bose gufatanya kuyishyura 1.000.000 Frw yo gukurikirana urubanza n’ igihembo cy’avoka. [11] Ibibazo bigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ibi bikurikira: A. Kumenya nibaUrukiko rwakemeza ko SONARWA ariyo yishyura indishyi n’uburyo zabarwamo; B. Kumenya niba Kamanzi Wellars yaragombaga kugobokeshwa mu rubanza ndetse ngo ategekwe no kwishyura indishyi. C. Kumenya niba indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza zatangwa zose. II. ISESENGURA RY’ IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA A. Kumenya niba Urukiko rwakemeza ko SONARWA ariyo yishyura indishyi. [12] Mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2021/SC rwaciwe n’ Urukiko rw’ikirenga hemejwe ko iyo nyir’imodoka ariwe wakoze amakosa yo kutubahiriza inshingano afite mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi abizi kandi abishaka, ayo makosa aba adashobora kurengerwa n’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi haba ku bimureba cyangwa abangirijwe n’ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe.

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[13] Muri urwo rubanza kandi havugwamo ko ku bijyanye n’isesengura ry’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi, abahanga mu mategeko y’ubwishingizi barimo Yvonne Lambert- Faivre na Laurent Leveneur, bavuga ko urukiko arirwo rufite inshingano zo gusesengura amasezerano y’ubwishingizi, ko iyo ingingo zayo zisobanutse, zumvikana kandi zitarimo urujijo, zigomba kubahirizwa uko zanditswe kuko kubibona ukundi byaba ari uguhindurira ireme ry’ayo masezerano (dénaturation du contrat) bikaba byatuma mu bihugu bifite inkiko zisesa imanza urwo rubanza ruseswa. Naho Barry Zalma avuga ko mu gihe urukiko rurimo gusesengura amasezerano y’ubwishingizi rugomba gushaka icyo abakoranye amasezerano bari bagamije. asobanura ko nk’uko bisanzwe mu yandi masezerano, amagambo yakoreshejwe mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi agomba guhabwa ibisobanuro bisanzwe kubera ko intego nyamukuru ari uguha ishingiro icyo impande zombi zumvikanye mu nyandiko.1 [14] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa haruguru, urukiko rusanga ihame rusange ryemejwe mu rubanza rwavuzwe haruguru ari uko Sosiyete y’ubwishingizi itishyura indishyi igihe nyir’imodoka ariwe wakoze amakosa yo kutubahiriza ibikubiye mu masezerano; rusanga nanone kandi ihame riri muri urwo rubanza ari uko amasezerano y’ ubwishingizi inkiko ziyafata uko ateye. [15] Hashingiwe kuri ibyo bimaze gusobanurwa haruguru, urukiko rusanga abahohotewe n’impanuka yahitanye Ngayaboshya Jean batari bakwiriye guhabwa indishyi na Sosiyete y’ubwishingizi bitewe n’uko ny’ikinyabiziga yarengeje umubare w’ abantu bishyingiwe muri yi modoka. Urukiko ariko ruhereye ku bikubiye mu masezerano SONARWA yagiranye na ny’ikinyabiziga mu ngingo ya 56 harimo irengayobora ry’ iryo hame ryavuzwe haruguru aho impande zombi zemeranijwe ko “umubare w’abantu bagendera mu kinyabiziga harimo n’ugitwaye, ntugomba kurenga uwateganyijwe mu mategeko. iyo uwo mubare urenze, sonarwa yishyura kuri buri muntu indishyi zihwanye n’izo yagombaga gutanga ukubye n’umubare w’abantu banditse mu masezerano ukagabanya n’uw’ abantu bari batwawe mu gihe cy’impanuka. ……….” bityo akaba ari ntaho Urukiko rwahera ruvuga ko SONARWA idakwiriye kwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yahitanye Ngayaboshya Jean kuko mu masezerano yagiranye na Nyiri ikinyazibiziga harimo uburyo indishyi zitangwa igihe imodoka yari abantu barenze umubare igomba gutwara. [16] Ku bijyanye n’ itangwa ry’indishyi, indishyi mbangamirabukungu zasa- bwe n’ abarega nkuko zigaragara mu nama ntegurarubanza mu rukiko rwisumbuye, rusanga abazemerewe ari abana batatu Twagirayezu wavutse 2002, Twizeyimana Pascal wavutse 2000 na Uwiringiyimana wavutse 2005, abandi bana bakaba batazemerewe kuko igihe impanuka yahitanye ise bari bafite imyaka y’ ubukure akaba ari nta kigaragaza ko bari batunzwe na we ku buryo yabageneraga buri kimwe. Uwo akaba ari wo murongo Urukiko rw’ikirenga rwatanze mu rubanza rwaburanwaga hagati ya Niyonzima Léonidas n’abandi na Sanlam Ag plc2, aho urukiko rw’ikirenga rwemeje ko ku birebana no kwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku rupfu rwatewe n’impanuka yo mu muhanda, imyandikire y’ingingo ya 22 y’iteka rya perezida ryavuzwe haruguru, igaragaza neza ko 1 “Rules of insurance contract interpretation are applied by courts with the intent to fulfill the desires of all par- ties to the contract. The construction of insurance contract should be governed by the same rules of construction applicable to all contracts…Its terms are given their ordinary and generally accepted meaning and the primary goal of the court is to give effect to the written expression of the parties’ intent.” Barry Zelma, Insurance Law, Erlanger, The National Underwriter Company, 2015, p. 71. 2 Urubanza N° RS/INJUST/RC 00018/2022/SC rwaciwe ku itariki ya 27/01/2023, igika cya 21 n’icya 22

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zigenerwa gusa uwari usanzwe atunzwe n’uwapfuye kandi akabitangira ibimenyetso ko yari amutunze koko. rwemeje kandi ko umuntu urengeje imyaka y’ubukure atavuga ko adashoboye kwitunga atagaragaje impamvu idasanzwe, kandi akabitangira ibimenyetso bifatika nk’inyandiko zo kwa muganga zerekana niba afite ubumuga, uburwayi cyangwa ikindi kibazo kidasanzwe cyatuma ati- beshaho. (igika cya 28 cy’ urubanza rwavuzwe haruguru). [17] Bityo indishyi mbangamirabukungu3 SONARWA ikwiriye gutanga zik- aba zigomba kubarwa mu buryo bukurikira: 3.000 frw x 30 x 12 x 9x 2/3/ = 6 480 000 frw = 3 529 912 : 1 + (9.286%4 x 9) 1.83574 [18] Hagendewe rero ku bikubiye muri condition generales d’assurances, mu ngingo ya 56 havuga ko iyo uwo mubare urenze, sonarwa yishyura kuri buri muntu indishyi zihwanye n’izo yagombaga gutanga ukubye n’umubare w’abantu banditse mu masezerano ukagabanya n’uw’ abantu bari batwawe mu gihe cy’impanuka. rusanga indishyi mbangamirabukungu zabarwa mu buryo bukurikira: 3 529 912 frw * 6: 23 = 920 850 frws. [19] Ku bijyanye n’indishyi z’ akababaro, urukiko rusanga ingingo ya 23 y’iteka rya perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, iteganya ko “amafaranga atangirwa ku ibangamira ry’ umubabaro igihe umuntu apfuye, agomba gusa abantu bavugwa hepfo kandi hakurikijwe iiteganwa n’ iri teka. • Uwo bashakanye: 1× umushahara w’umwaka muto ntarngwa wemewe n’ amategeko • Ababyeyi n’ abana b’ isezerano cyangwa bemewe n’ amategeko; 0, 75× umushahara muto ntarengwa wemewe n’ amategeko. • Abavandimwe babo: 0,5×umushahara w’ umwana muto ntarengwa wemewe n’ amategeko. Bityo izo ndishyi zigatangwa mu buryo bukurikira: urukiko ruhereye ko nyakwigendera yasize uwo bashakanye (Nyiragato); abana be Bayavuge, Mukamazimpaka, Mukashema, Ndayisenga, Ngirinshuti, Niyonzima, Nzahu- munyurwa, Twagirayezu, Twizeyimana, Uwiringiyimana na Uwizera, nkuko ibyemezo by’ irangamimerere biri muri dosiye bibigaragaza, rusanga indishyi basaba zifite ishingiro. bityo zikabarwa mu buryo bukurikira: 1. Ku mugore wa nyakwigendera 1: 1 x 1 x 3.000 x 30 x 12= 1.080.000frw 2. Ku bana be 11: 11 x 0.75 x 3.000 x 30 x 12… = 8 910 000 frw [20] Hagendewe ku bikubiye mu ngingo ya 56 y’ amasezerano rusange indishyi z’ akababaro zitangwa ku buryo bukurikira: iyo uwo mubare urenze, Sonarwa yishyura kuri buri muntu indishyi zihwanye n’izo yagombaga gutanga ukubye n’umubare w’abantu banditse mu 3 Ingingo ya 22 y’ iteka Ivuga ko Iyo uwahohotewe yakoraga umwuga wigenga, igenwa ry'umusaruro rikorwa hakurikijwe ingingo ya 4 y'Itegeko No 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye itangwa ry'indishyi ku bahohotewe biturutse ku mpanuka zo ku mubiri zitewe n'ibinyabiziga. Indishyi izatangwa nk'uko bikorwa mu gutanga amafaranga (capital) hakurikijwe uburyo bukurikira: Umusaruro w'umwaka umuntu atahana w'uwahohotewe X umubare w'imyaka ashigaje kubaho akora X 2/3 1 + (igipimo cy'ibitsa X umubare w'imyaka yo kwibeshaho) 4 Igipimo cy’ibitsa kiboneka ku rubuga rw’ikoranabuhanga https://www.bnr.rw/browse-in/financial-mar- ket/money- market-interest-rates/monthly-interest-rates/, rwasuwe kuwa 27/6/2023.

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masezerano ukagabanya n’uw’ abantu bari batwawe mu gihe cy’impanuka. bityo indishyi zikaba zikwiriye gutangwa mu buryo bukurikira:  ku washakanye na nyakwigendera: 1 080 000 frw*6: 23= 281 750 frws.  ku bana ba nyakwigendera: 8 910 000 frw * 6: 23= 2 324 350 frws. [21] Ku bijyanye n’ amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe, Urukiko rusanga ingingo ya 21 y’iteka rya perezida No 31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka kuvugwa iteganya ko amafaranga atangwa ku wapfuye hamwe n'ayo gushyirwa mu bitaro yakoreshejwe mbere y'urupfu ndetse hamwe, igihe bibaye ngombwa, n'amafaranga yo gutwara umurambo, yose azishyurwa habanje kwerekanwa ibimenyetso bihamye, hakurikijwe uko biteye mu buryo bwumvikana. Ayo mafaranga azishyurwa abazaba bayatanze, mu rugero rutarenze inshuro cumi umushahara muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko. [22] Mu nama ntegurarubanza mu Rukiko rwisumbuye, abarega basabaga amafaranga yakoreshejwe bavuga ko nubwo amwe adafitiwe impapuro azatangwa mu bushishozi bw'urukiko ariko asabwa ni 500.000 frw akubiyemo ayashatse ibyangombwa, ayo gushyingura no gukaraba. [23] Kuri iyo ngingo SONARWA yavugaga ko umuryango wa Nyakwigendera usaba 500.000 frw wakoresheje mu gushyingura n’ubwo nk’uko nawo ubivuga, nta kimenytso utanga, ariko n’iyo cyaba gihari ntayo sonarwa yatanga kuko imodoka yishe nyakwigendera nta bwishingizi yari ifite kandi nawe yagize uruhare 100% muri iyo mpanuka kuko yemeye gutwarwa mu mwanya w’imizigo kandi we atari. [24] Urukiko ruhreye ko Nyakigendera yashyinguwe rusanga umuryango we wahabwa amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe akagenwa mu bushishozi bw’ urukiko 200 000 frw. [25] Hagendewe ku bikubiye mu ngingo ya 56 y’ amasezerano rusange ahavugwa ko iyo uwo mubare urenze, Sonarwa yishyura kuri buri muntu indishyi zihwanye n’izo yagombaga gutanga ukubye n’umubare w’abantu banditse mu masezerano ukagabanya n’uw’ abantu bari batwawe mu gihe cy’impanuka. Bityo indishyi zikaba zikwiriye gutangwa mu buryo bukurikira: 200 000 frw*6: 23= 52 200 frws. B. Kumenya niba Kamanzi Wellars yaragombaga kugobokeshwa mu rubanza ndetse ngo ategekwe no kwishyura indishyi. [26] Urukiko rusanga ku bijyanye no kugobokeshwa kwa Kamanzi muri uru rubanza, rusanga kwari gufite ishingiro hagendewe ku rubanza rwaciwe n’ Urukiko rw’ikirenga nkuko rwasobanuwe haruguru aho rwavuze ko nyir’imodoka ariwe uryozwa amakosa yakozwe n’ikinyazibiga. Kuba Urukiko rwemeje ko indishyi zishyurwa na SONARWA, ruhereye ko bitewe n’ibikubiye mu masezerano SONARWA yagiranye na ny’ ikinyazibiziga, Urukiko rusanga Kamanzi Wellars atabyitwaza ngo avuge ke atagombaga kugobokeshwa muri uru rubanza. C. Ku bijyanye n’ indishyi zisabwa [27] Ingingo ya 111 y’itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/4/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru ivuga ko ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo

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kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe. [28] Urukiko rusanga indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza zasabwe ` n’ abarega zifite ishingiro abarega bagahabwa 100 000 frw kuko asabwa ari ikirenga n’igihembo cy’avoka cya 250 000 frw ku rwego rw’ubujurire. Naho ku bijyanye n’indishyi zisabwa na SONARWA nta shingiro zifite. [29] Ku bijyanye n’indishyi zisabwa na Kamanzi Wellars, Urukiko ruhereye ko nubwo SONARWA yari yiyemereye kwishyura indishyi muri uru rubanza, rusanga indishyi zisabwa na Kamanzi Wellars ntaho rwahera ruzigena dore ko imodoka yakoze impanuka ye yari yarengeje umubare w’ abagombaga kujya muri iyo modoka bityo akaba adakwiriye kugenerwa indishyi muri uru rubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [30] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nyiragato Froride n’ abana be bufite ishingiro. [31] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Kamanzi Wellars nta shingiro bufite. [32] Rutegetse SONARWA kwishyura Nyiragato Frolide n’ abana be indishyi zibazwe mu buryo bukurikira: indishyi mbangamirabukungu k’uwashakanye na nyakwigendera n’ abana batatu: 920 850 frws; indishyi z’ akababaro ku washakanye na Nyakwigendera: 281 750 frws; no kubana ba Nyakwigendera 11 zingana na 2 324 350 frws n’ amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe angana na 52 200 frws. [33] Rutegetse SONARWA kwishyura abarega indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza za 100 000 frw n’igihembo cy’avoka cya 250 000 frw ku rwego rw’ubujurire. [34] Rutegetse SONARWA gusubiza abarega 40 000 frw y’ingwate y’igarama batanze.