UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYIRAHABIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYIRAHABIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-03-19 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00009/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYIRAHABIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00009/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.,) 19 Werurwe 2025] Amategeko agnga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange – Icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi) – Kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Amategeko agnga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange – Ihazabu – Harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha uregwa yakoze bureberwa mu ngano nini y’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanywe no kubikwirakwiza byagomba kwangiza umubare munini w’abana b’u Rwanda, Ihazabu yaciwe ntiyongera kugabanywa iyo bigaragara ko yagabanyijwe bihagije. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nyirahabimana yafatanywe urumogi imifuka itatu irimo rwose hamwe rungana n’ibiro mirongo irindwi (70 kg), Ubushinjacyaha bumukurikiranaho icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi), bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, busaba ko kimuhama akagihanirwa. Uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi, asaba kugabanyirizwa no gusubikirwa igihano. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi rushingiye ku kuba uregwa yiyemerera ko yafatanywe urumogi, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw), rumugabanyirije igihano kubera ko yaburanye yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi. Ku birebana no gusukirwa ibihano, Urukiko rwasanze atasubikirwa ibihano kuko ahanishijwe igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5). Nyirahabimana Marine yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kiremereye kandi yaremera icyaha kuva yatangira gukurikiranwa, asaba ko cyagabanywa. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko Nyirahabimana Marine atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko ku rwego rwa mbere yagabanyirijwe bihagije kandi mu buryo bukurikije amategeko ndetse impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ashingiraho abisaba yo kuba yemera icyaha ikaba ariyo yashingiweho agabanyirizwa. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwasanze igihano uregwa yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere kirebewe hawe n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe n’uburyo cyakozwemo, kitaragabanyijwe bihagije, rusanga nta cyabuza ko cyongera kugabanywa hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yo kuba kuva ku rwego rwa mbere yaraburanye yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho no kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje kubera ko urumogi yarufatanywe atari yatangira kurugurisha, bityo ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). Nyirahabimana yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kiremereye kandi yaremeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho kuva yatangira gukurikiranwa.Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Nyirahabimana Marine yakatiwe kidashobora

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kongera kugabanywa kuko aricyo gito ntarengwa giteganywa n’amategeko, ariko ko ihazabu yaciwe ariyo ishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). 2. Harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha uregwa yakoze bureberwa mu ngano nini y’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanywe no kubikwirakwiza byagomba kwangiza umubare munini w’abana b’u Rwanda, Ihazabu yaciwe ntiyongera kugabanywa iyo bigaragara ko yagabanyijwe bihagije. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPAA 00281/2024/CA, rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Kalisa Claude; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/01/2025; Urubanza RPAA 00466/2024/CA, rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Shumbusho Evase; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/01/2025; Urubanza RPAA 00295/2024/CA, rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Iradukunda Diane, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/01/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku itariki ya 19/02/2021 saa kumi za mu gitondo (04:h00), Nyirahabimana Marine ari iwe mu rugo mu Mudugudu wa Mushungo, Akagari ka Nyarusange, Umurenge wa Kirimbi, yafatanywe urumogi imifuka itatu irimo rwose hamwe rungana n’ibiro mirongo irindwi (70 kg), avuga ko aruvanye mu gihugu cya Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) ko yari agiye kurucuruza kugira ngo abonemo amafaranga. [2] Ubushinjacyaha bwamukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi), bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, busaba ko kimuhama akagihanirwa. Nyirahabimana Marine yaburanye yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi, avuga ko urumogi yafatanywe yari avuye kurugura n’umukongomani, ko yari kuzajya arucururiza iwe mu rugo kugira ngo abone amafaranga, asaba kugabanyirizwa no gusubikirwa igihano. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00062/2021/TGI/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 08/03/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi rushingiye ku kuba Nyirahabimana Marine yiyemerera ko yafatanywe urumogi ibiro mirongo irindwi (70 kgs) yari yazaniwe n’umukongomani bahuriye mu kiyaga cya Kivu, urumogi arujyana iwe murugo ngo ariho azajya arucururiza, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda

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ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw), rumugabanyirije igihano kubera ko yaburanye yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi. Ku birebana no gusukirwa ibihano, Urukiko rwasanze Nyirahabimana Marine atasubikirwa ibihano kuko ahanishijwe igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5). [4] Nyirahabimana Marine yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kiremereye kandi yaremera icyaha kuva yatangira gukurikiranwa, asaba ko cyagabanywa. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko Nyirahabimana Marine atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko ku rwego rwa mbere yagabanyirijwe bihagije kandi mu buryo bukurikije amategeko ndetse impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ashingiraho abisaba yo kuba yemera icyaha ikaba ariyo yashingiweho agabanyirizwa. [5] Mu rubanza RPA 00156/2021/HC/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 30/11/2023, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwasanze igihano Nyirahabimana Marine yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere kirebewe hawe n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe n’uburyo cyakozwemo, kitaragabanyijwe bihagije, rusanga nta cyabuza ko cyongera kugabanywa hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yo kuba kuva ku rwego rwa mbere yaraburanye yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho no kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje kubera ko urumogi yarufatanywe atari yatangira kurugurisha, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). [6] Nyirahabimana Marine yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00009/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 04/06/2025, yunganiwe na Me Murigande Jean Claude, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Nyirahabimana Marine n’umwunganira bavuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kiremereye kandi yaremeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho kuva yatangira gukurikiranwa, ntiyarushya inzego z’ubutabera, basaba ko icyo gihano cyagabanywa. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Nyirahabimana Marine yakatiwe kidashobora kongera kugabanywa kuko aricyo gito ntarengwa giteganywa n’amategeko, ko ihazabu yaciwe ariyo ishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [8] Hakurikijwe imiburanire y’impande zombi, muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba igihano Nyirahabimana Marine yahanishijwe gishobora kongera kugabanywa. II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO Kumenya niba igihano Nyirahabimana Marine yahanishijwe gishobora kongera kugabanywa [9] Nyirahabimana Marine n’umwunganira bavuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kiremereye kandi kuva yatangira gukurikirwanwa yaremeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho ntiyarushya inzego z’ubutabera, basaba ko cyagabanywa agahanishwa igifungo kingana n’igihe amaze afunzwe, hashingiwe kuri uko kwemera icyaha, hagakubitiraho kuba ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ibyemezo by’inzego z’ibanze no kuba yarasize abana batanu (5)

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batagira ubitaho harimo n’umwana w’impfubyi yareraga ubu akaba ataranagira aho abarizwa mu irangamimerere kuko yafunzwe ababyeyi b’uwo mwana ariho bakimara gupfa. [10] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) na (d), y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange1, igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Nyirahabimana Marine yakatiwe kidashobora kongera kugabanywa kuko aricyo gito gishoboka umushingamategeko yateganyije igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ko ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) yaciwe ariyo ishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri miliyoni eshanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (5.000.000 Frw). UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) Nyirahabimana Marine yahanishijwe ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi gishobora kongera kugabanywa kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza. [12] Ingingo ya 11, igika cya gatatu, agace ka 1° y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ivuga ko “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: 1° igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye”. [13] Ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya igihano gito gishobora guhabwa umuburanyi wahamijwe icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, cyatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye, aho rushingiye ku ngingo ya 22 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwemeje ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15)3.

1 Ivuga ko « Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; … (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”.

2 Ivuga ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15.

3 Reba urubanza RPAA 00281/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/01/2025 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Kalisa Claude; RPAA 00466/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Shumbusho Evase; urubanza RPAA 00295/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Iradukunda Diane, n’izindi nyinshi.

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[14] Nk’uko imikirize y’urubanza rujurirwa ibigaragaza, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, rwagabanyirije igihano Nyirahabiamana Marina, kiva ku gifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw), ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). [15] Hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’uru Rukiko wibukijwe mu gika cya 13 cy’uru rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Nyirahabimana Marine yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, kitakongera kugabanywa kuko cyagabanyijwe bihagije kandi kikaba aricyo gihano gito ntarengwa giteganyijwe ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mubwoko bw’urumogi, kikaba kidashobora kugibwa munsi. [16] Ku birebana n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) Nyirahabimana Marine yaciwe, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nayo idakwiye kugabaywa kuko n’ubwo atariyo hazabu nto iteganywa n’Itegeko rishya (Itegeko N° 59/2023 ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ryasotse nyuma y’uko Nyirahabimana Marine atangiye gukurikiranwa) ku cyaha yahamijwe, ariko kandi harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze bureberwa mu ngano nini y’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanywe byo gukwirakwiza byagomba kwangiza abana b’u Rwanda, aho yafatanywe urumogi runga n’ibiro mirongo irindwi (70 kgs), ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ko uko ibiyobyabwenge yafatanywe ari byinshi, ari nako byari kwangiza abantu benshi; ihazabu yaciwe ariyo ikwiye ikaba itakongera kugabanywa ngo ni uko haje Itegeko rishya nk’uko byatanzweho umurungo n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RPAA 00752/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2024 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Ndayambaje Eugène4, uyu murongo ukaba waranashingiweho mu nzindi manza zakurikiyeho, harimo urubanza RPAA 00594/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/02/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwayezu Claudette. [17] Kubera izo mpamvu, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwa Nyirahabimana Marine nta shingiro bufite, urubanza yajuririye rukaba rudahindutse. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [18] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nyirahabimana Marine nta shingiro bufite; [19] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00156/2021/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 30/11/2023, rudahindutse;

4 Muri urwo rubanza hemejwe ko “Ihame mu mategeko ari uko mu manza nshinjabyaha Urukiko rukurikiza Itegeko ryorohereza uregwa, ariko ku birebana n’igabanya ry’igihano kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, n’ubwo Itegeko rishya ryaba riteganya igihano cyoroheje, Urukiko ntiruhita rumuha igihano gito giteganyijwe mu Itegeko rishya, ahubwo rugabanya igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye uburemere bw’icyaha, ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, rugatanga igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha cyakozwe, mu mbago z’igihano giteganywa n’Itegeko rishya. Bivuze ko Urukiko rushobora kwanga kongera kumugabanyiriza igihano yahanishijwe mu gihe rusanga kiri mu rugero (fourchette) rw’igiteganywa n’Itegeko rishya kandi gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze”.

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[20] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta kuko Nyirahabimana Marine yajuriye afunze akaba asonewe kuyatanga.