UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYIRAMARIRO

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYIRAMARIRO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-05-29 - Case/document no.: RPAA00316/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYIRAMARIRO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA00316/2024/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 29 Gicurasi 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nyiramariro yafatanywe udupfunyika tw’urumogi ibihumbi bitatu ubwo yari azanywe kuri moto ya Ingabire, aruzaniye umupolisi witwa Musoni ukora mu ishami rishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge wari wigize umuguzi. Nyiramariro na Ingabire bahise bafatwa bashyikirizwa Ubushinjacyaha, bubarega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu bubakurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi), bubasabira guhanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya miliyoni mirongo itatu. Nyiramariro yaburanye yemera ko yafashwe aje kugurisha urumogi rw’uwitwa Maman Djihad, akaba yarasabye imbabazi, guhanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge no kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Ingabire yaburanye asaba kugirwa umwere kuko yatwaye umugenzi atazi ibyo atwaye mu gafuka, iyi mvugo akayihurizaho na Nyiramariro umushinjura. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Nyiramariro ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi), rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw), naho Ingabire agirwa umwere kubwo kubura ibimenyetso bimushinja. Nyiramariro yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Musanze asaba guhindurirwa inyito y’icyaha, aho avuga ko nta gikorwa cy’ubucuruzi yakoze ahubwo yahuzaga abiyitaga agacuruzi na Mamana Djihad warucuruzaga. Bityo, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano ku buryo buhagije ndetse akanasubikirwa kugira ngo ajye kwita ku bana be bandagaye. Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bifatika, maze rushingiye ku kuba hari ibikorwa bimwe yemera n’ubwo ahakana inyito y’icyaha, rwamugabanyirije ibihano kugeza ku gifungo y’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni icumi (10.000.000Frw) mu kigwi cy’ibyo yari yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa. Icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru Uregwa ntiyakishimiye, yakijuririye muri uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba Urukiko kumuhindurira inyito y’icyaha agahanirwa gufatanwa urumogi mu kwigwi cyo kurutunda no kurugurisha yahamijwe n’inkiko zibanza, asaba kandi no gusubikirwa ibihano kugira ngo ajye kwita ku bana 2 bandagaye kuko umugabo we afunzwe, abana bakaba batagira kivurira. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ubujurire bw’Uregwa buvuga inyito y’icyaha yahaniwe ariyo ikwiranye n’imikorere y’icyaha, ndetse ko yahanishijwe igihano gito gishoboka giteganywa n’Itegeko ku cyaha yahamijwe, ariko ko nta cyabuza Urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano cy’ihazabu rushingiye ku Itegeko agacibwa ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000Frw. Incamake y’icyemezo: Uregwa ntiyongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe. Bityo, Nyiramariro akaba atakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yabigabanyirijwe ku buryo buhagije ku rwego rw’Urukiko Rukuru. Ubujurire nta shigiro bufite.

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Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura itegeko no. 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Itegeko Nº 069/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 11. Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA0129/10/CS, Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 07/03/2014. RPAA00421/2023/CA, Ubushinjcyaha na Dusabimana, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 13/3/2025. RPA00060/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku 05/07/2022, umupolisi witwa Musoni Jean d’Amour ukora mu ishami rishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge wari wigize umuguzi yumvikanye na Nyiramariro Claudine ko amuzanira urumogi, uyu aza ahetswe na Ingabire Muhamed kuri moto afite agafuka karimo ibirayi bivanzemo udupfunyika ibihumbi bitatu by’urumogi (3.000 boules), aba bombi bahita bafatwa. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwabareze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu bubakurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi), busaba ko bahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000Frw). [3] Nyiramariro alias Claudette yaburanye yemera ko yafashwe aje kugurisha urumogi rw’uwitwa Maman Djihad wari wamutumye guhura n’umukiriya no kumuzanira amafaranga akamuhemba nyuma, asaba imbabazi no guhanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge no kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Ingabire Muhamed yaburanye asaba kugirwa umwere kuko yatwaye umugenzi atazi ibyo atwaye mu gafuka, iyi mvugo akayihurizaho na Nyiramariro Claudette umushinjura. [4] Mu rubanza RP00508/2022/TGI/RBV rwaciwe kuwa 08/08/2022, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, rwemeje ko Nyiramariro Claudette ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw) naho Ingabire Muhamud agirwa umwere kubwo kubura ibimenyetso bimushinja. [5] Nyiramariro Claudette yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze avuga ko nta gikorwa na kimwe kigaragaza ko yari mu bucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi kuko icyo yakoze ari uguhuza abiyitaga abaguzi na maman Djihad warucuruzaga. Asaba guhindurirwa inyito y’icyaha, agahanirwa gufatanwa urumogi, kandi akagabanyirizwa ku buryo buhagije ndetse akanasubikirwa kugira ngo ajye kwita ku bana be bandagaye kuko umugabo we na we afungiwe mu Igororero rya Rubavu, ko abana bari basigaye kwa nyirakuru none nawe akaba yarapfuye. [6] Mu Rubanza RPA00482/2022/HC/MUS rwaciwe kuwa 11/04/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rwasanze Nyiramariro Claudette yarahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bifatika bigizwe n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya ndetse no kuba yarafatanwe

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ibiyobyabwenge abizaniye umuguzi nk’uko nawe abyemera. Rwasanze kandi, nubwo ahakana inyito y’icyaha nyamara hari ibikorwa yemera kandi akaba yarafatanwe urumogi atararukwirakwiza mu baturage ngo rubangirize, rumugabanyiriza ibihano kugeza ku gifungo y’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni icumi (10.000.000Frw) mu kigwi cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makamyabiri (20.000.000Frw) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye. [7] Nyiramariro Claudette yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri RPAA00316/2023/CA ruburanishwa mu ruhame kuwa 8/5/2025 yunganiwe na Me Shema T. Gerald naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bunyoye Grâce, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Nyiramariro Claudette yunganiwe na Me Shema Gerald yajuririye Urukiko rw’ubujurire avuga ko agamije gutakambira Urukiko kugira ngo rubone ko yakoze icyaha cyo guhuza abiyitaga abaguzi na maman Djihad wacuruzaga ibiyobyabwenge. Asaba guhanirwa icyo cyaha yemera kandi yakoze no gusubikirwa ibihano kugira ngo ajye kwita ku bana 2 bandagaye batagira kirengera. [9] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko igikorwa Nyiramariro yakoze kigize icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge, ko uwamuhamagaye yari afite amakuru ko asanzwe agurisha ibiyobyabwenge kandi akaba yarafatiwe mu cyuho bityo ko nta mpamvu yo guhindura inyito y’icyaha. [10] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izi mpaka, rurasuzuma niba Urukiko rwarahamije Nyiramariro icyaha cyo gutunda no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge atakoze akaba yahindurirwa inyito ndetse no kumenya niba yagabanyirizwa ibihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA A. Kumenya niba Urukiko rwarakoze ikosa ryo guhanira Nyiramariro icyaha cyo gutunda no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge mu mwanya wo kumuhanira icyo kuba umuhuza w’ugura n’ucuruza urumogi [11] Nyiramariro Claudette yunganiwe na Me Shema Gerald avuga ko uruhare rwe rwari urwo guhuza abiyitaga abaguzi na maman Djihad wacuruzaga ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, ko yari atumwe gutanga urumogi agahabwa amafaranga 3.000 y’igihembo, bityo akaba yari agamije gukorera amafranga ariko atari umucuruzi w’urumogi. Asaba Urukiko kumuhindurira inyito y’icyaha agahanirwa gufatanwa urumogi mu kwigwi cyo kurutunda no kurugurisha yahamijwe n’inkiko zibanza, asaba kandi no gusubikirwa ibihano kugira ngo ajye kwita ku bana 2 bandagaye kuko umugabo we afunzwe, abana bakaba batagira kivurira. [12] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Nyiramariro nta shingiro bufite kuko umupolisi witwa Musoni wari wigize umuguzi yari asanzwe amufiteho amakuru ko acuruza urumogi amuhamagara amusaba kumugurisha urumogi, bumvikana ku ngano no ku giciro, uyu aza aje kumugurisha urumogi, afatirwa mu cyuho. Buvuga ko, uretse kuvuga ko yatumwe na maman Djihad, nta kindi kimenyetso Nyiramariro agaragaza ko koko ari we wamutumye, mu gihe we ubwe ariwe wavuganye n’umuguzi, akaba ari nawe uzana urumogi kandi ari nawe wagombaga guhabwa ikiguzi cyarwo, bityo ko inyito y’icyaha yahaniwe ariyo ikwiranye n’imikorere y’icyaha. [13] Ku birebana n’igabanyagihano, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Nyiramariro yahanishijwe igihano gito gishoboka giteganywa n’Itegeko ku cyaha yahamijwe, ariko ko nta cyabuza urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano cy’ihazabu rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 (d) y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange agacibwa ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000Frw.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Kuva yafatwa, Nyiramariro Claudette yaburanishije ingingo yo kuba urumogi yafatanwe rwari urwa Maman Djihad, ko uruhare rwe rugarukira ku kuba umuhuza we n’abaguzi b’urumogi kandi ko yemeye kujyana urumogi kubera igihembo cya 3.000Frw yari yasezeraniwe. [15] Urukiko rurasanga Nyiramariro Claudette yemera ko ari we wavuganye na MUSONI wari wigize umuguzi w’urumogi bakumvikana ku giciro n’ingano y’urumogi amuzanira, ndetse bumvikana n’aho bahurira (kuri Bazirete) amuzaniye urumogi nawe akamuha amafaranga. Rurasanga nta hantu na hamwe haboneka uruhare rw’uwo Nyiramariro yita maman Djihad, iyi ikaba ari imiburanire ye itagira ikiyishyigikira ariyo mpamvu Urukiko rutayihaye agaciro. [16] Urukiko rurasanga ibikorwa Nyiramariro yakoze nk’uko birondowe haruguru bigize icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge, Urukiko rukaba rwarakimuhamije rushingiye ku bimenyetso bifatika bigizwe no kuba yaravuganye n’umuguzi, akamuzanira urumogi nawe aje gufata amafaranga, kandi akaba adahakana ko yafatanwe urumogi ndetse akemera ko yari guhabwa ikiguzi cyarwo, uretse kuba abiha indi nyito yo kuba ayo mafaranga yari aya maman Djihad utazwi. [17] Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu kumuhamya icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge, iyi nyito ikaba ariyo igumyeho no kuri uru rwego. B. Ku birebana n’igabanyagihano risabwa na Nyiramariro Claudette [18] Nyiramariro Claudette yunganiwe na Me Shema Gerald yasabye kugabanyirizwa ibihano yahawe no kubisubikirwa kubera ko yemera icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge kandi akaba yifuza gutabara abana be batagira kivurira kuko n’umugabo we afunzwe. [19] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije kuri iyi ngingo buvuga ko Nyiramariro Claudette yahanishijwe igifungo gito (15ans) giteganyirizwa icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge yahamijwe nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ko Urukiko rushobora gusa kumugabanyiriza ku birebana n’ihazabu kugeza kuri 5.000.000Frw mu mwanya wa 10.000.000Frw yahanishijwe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [20] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPA0129/10/CS rwaciye ku wa 07/03/2014 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, rwatanze umurongo uvuga ko uregwa atakwongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe. Naho Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA00060/2021/CA rwaciye ku wa 04/04/2022 rwemeza ko umucamanza wo mu bujurire agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, igihe amaze kugaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’umucamanza wo muri urwo Rukiko mu gutanga icyo gihano1. [21] Ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko Nº 069/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko uwahamijwe icyaha cyo gutunda cyangwa kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu itari munsi y’amafaranga 20.000.000 ariko itarenga amafaranga 30.000.000. Ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko

1 Reba igika cya 252 cy’urubanza RPA00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be.

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Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 rivuzwe muri iki gika iteganya ko mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, uwagombaga guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu ashobora kugabanyirizwa ariko igihano ntikijye munsi y’imyaka 15 naho ihazabu ikaba ishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ cy’ihazabu ntoya yateganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [22] Mu rubanza RPA00482/2022/HC/MUS rwaciwe kuwa 11/04/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zituma Nyiramariro agabanyirizwa ibihano zirimo kuba ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranwe n’inkiko no kuba urumogi aregwa yararufatanywe atararukwirakwiza mu baturage ngo rugire uwo rwangiriza, rushingira no ku ngo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 10.000.000Frw. [23] Urukiko rurasanga ku birebana n’igihano cy’igifungo, Nyiramariro wahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 15, uyu yaragabanyirijwe kugeza ku gihano gito ntarengwa giteganyirizwa uwahamwe n’icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, bityo iki gihano kikaba kidashobora kwongera kugabanywa. [24] Urukiko rurasanga, nubwo ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, mu agace ka (d), yemerera umucamanza kugabanya igihano cy’ihazabu kugeza kuri ¼, nyamara kandi mu kugena iki gihano, umucamanza azirikana n’uburemere bw’icyaha nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Ku birebana n’icyaha cyo gutunda no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge Nyiramariro yahamijwe, ingano nini (6kg) y’ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi yafatanwe ari kimwe mu bigaragaza uburemere bw’iki cyaha. Rurasanga kandi n’imiburanire ye igamije guhanirwa icyaha cyoroheje mu mwanya w’icyo ashinjwa kandi cyatangiwe ibimenyetso ari impamvu ihagije yatuma ihazabu ya 10.000.000Frw yaciwe itagabanywa. [25] Urukiko rurasanga Nyiramariro Claudette yaragabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo buhagije ugereranyije n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyo gutunda no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye (ibiro 6 by’urumogi), ibihano yahawe bikaba biri mu rugero r’umwe mu manza zifitanye isano, mu ziheruka gucibwa hakaba hari urubanza RPAA00421/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 13/3/2025 haburana Ubushinjcyaha na Dusabimana, uyu nawe akaba yarahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 10.000.000 kubw’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye bingana n’ibiro birindwi ( 7kg ) by’urumogi. [26] Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPA0129/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 7/03/2014 rwavuzwe haruguru, uregwa atakwongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe, ibivuzwe muri iki gika bikaba bireba na Nyiramariro Claudette wagabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo buhagije ku rwego rw’Urukiko Rukuru. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [27] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nyiramariro Claudette nta shingiro bufite. [28] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA00482/2022/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ku wa 11/04/2024 igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose.

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[29] Rwemeje ko Nyiramariro Claudette ahamishwa ku gihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni icumi (10.000.000Frw) kubw’icyaha cyo gutunda no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kimuhama. [30] Rutegetse ko Nyiramariro Claudette asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.