Re NYIRAMBANGUTSE

# Re NYIRAMBANGUTSE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-07-07 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00001/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

## Text

## Page 1

Re NYIRAMBANGUTSE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RSA/RECT/RC 00001/2023/CA (Kamere, P.J.) 07 Nyakanga 2023] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano – Kubyutsa urubanza – Ubyutsa urubanza rwasibwe kubera kutitabira iburanisha kuwatanze ikirego, agomba kugaragaza impamvu ikomeye kandi idasanzwe yatumye atitabira iryo buranisha Incamake y’icyemezo: Urubanza rwatangiye Nyirambangutse arega mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba Urukiko gusobanura neza urubanza RCA0071/16/HC/MUS rwaciwe ku wa 24/05/2018, uko rukwiye kurangizwa ndetse n’abakwiye kugabanywa imitungo ivugwa mu manza RC0002/15/TGI/MUS na RCA0071/16/HC/MUS, Nyirambangutse yasobanuye ko mu rubanza RC0002/15/TGI/MUS rwaciwe , Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwavuze ko ubutaka bufite Nº 7234/MUS/MUH n’ubufite Nº 288/MUS/MUH bwanditse ku bazungura ba Ntiruhungwa, ko bugomba kugurishwa abazungura be havuyemo Ntiruhungwa jean de Dieu uhagarariwe mu izungura na Mukarwesa, bakagabana ikiguzi cyawo ku buryo bungana Yasobanuye kandi ko Mukarwesa yajuririye urubanza RC0002/15/TGI/MUS mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, maze mu rubanza RCA0071/16/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’urwo Rukiko rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko imitungo no 7234/MUH/MUS na n° 288/MUS/MUH nta burenganzira abazungura ba Ntiruhungwa Jean de Dieu bayifiteho kuko yemereye umuryango ko atazayizungura. Mu rubanza RS/RECT/RC 00008/2022/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Musanze ku wa 22/12/2022, Urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cya Nyirambangutse gisaba gusobanura urubanza RC0002/15/TGI/MUS na RCA0071/16/HC/MUS nta shingiro gifite, ko izo manza zisobanutse. kandi ijambo abazungura rikaba risobanutse neza mu mategeko, cyane cyane ayerekeye izungura. Nyirambangutse ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko yatanze ikirego cy’ubujurire kubera ko mu mikirize y’urubanza RS/RECT/RC 00008/2022/HC/MUS hakirimo inenge kuko mu cyemezo Urukiko rwemeje ko imanza yasobanuzaga zisobanutse ariko ngo rukaba rutarafutuye neza mu buryo budashidikanywaho ku guhuza ibikubiye mu nyandiko y’inama y’umuryango n’ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’abanyamuryango. Bityo asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ko rwasobanura neza kandi rugafutura nta shiti ko abazungura ba Ntiruhungwa ari abagore be umunani (8) yari atunze noneho buri mwana agaherera ku ruhande rwa nyina umubyara. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RCA00002/2023/CA rwemeje ko ikirego cya Nyirambangutse gisibwe mu bitabo by’Urukiko kuko Nyirambangutse atitabiriye iburanisha kandi asanzwe azi itariki. Bityo ko, imyitwarire ya Nyirambangutse igaragaza ko nta nyungu afite yo gukurikirana urubanza rwe; kuko yabonye Avoka umwunganira akanihuza n’urubanza, nyuma akamwambura ububasha avuga ko yabonye undi, hanyuma umunsi w’iburanisha yandikira Urukiko ko nta Avoka afite.

## Page 2

Nyirambangutse yongeye kuregera Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kubyutsa urubanza RCA00002/2023/CA rwasibwe. Mu rubanza RSA/RECT/RC00001/2023/CA, umucamanza yasuzumye icyo kirego mu nama y’abacamanza ashingiye ku myanzuro yanditse atiriwe ahamagaza umuburanyi, hanyuma yemeza ko Nyirambangutse adafite impamvu idasanzwe kandi ikomeye yamubujije kwitaba mu buryo bukurije amategeko iburanisha ry’urubanza RCA00002/2023/CA rubyutswa. Bityo rwanzura ko atemerewe kubyutsa urwo rubanza. Incamake y’icyemezo: Ubyutsa urubanza rwasibwe kubera kutitabira iburanisha k’uwatanze ikirego, agomba kugaragaza impamvu ikomeye kandi idasanzwe yatumye atitabira iryo buranisha. Bityo Impamvu yo kutabona Avoka no kutitabira iburanisha urubanza ntabwo ari impamvu ikomeye kandi idasanzwe yatuma urubanza rubyutswa. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ibi bikurikira, Ingingo ya 55, 85 Nta manza zifashishijwe Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Nyirambangutse Julienne avuga ko ari umwana wa Ntiruhungwa Denys na Nzabarinda Verediyana, ngo se Ntiruhunga Denys yapfuye ku wa 23/09/2008, ariko ngo ababyeyi be bari babanye batarasezeranye mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko. Nyuma y’urupfu rwa se, Nyirambangutse Julienne yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze asaba kuzungura umutungo wa Ntiruhungwa Denys wikubiwe na Mukarwesa Félicité, ufite agaciro ka 602.000.000Frw. Iki kirego cyahawe nimero RC0002/15/TGI/MUS maze urubanza rucibwa ku wa 07/07/2016. Hagati aho, nyuma y’urupfu rwa se Ntiruhungwa Denys, umuhungu we Ntiruhungwa Jean de Dieu nk’umukuru w’umuryango yateranyije inama y’umuryango ku wa 25/01/2009, insanganyamatsiko yayo ikaba yari ishingiye ku igabana ry’umutungo Ntiruhungwa Denys yasigiye umuryango we, inyandikomvugo y’inama y’umuryangoikaba yaragaragaje imiterere y’ingo za Ntiruhungwa Denys yasize agabanyije. [2] Nyirambangutse Julienne yasobanuye kandi ko Ntiruhungwa Denys yapfuye asize imitungo myinshi itimukanwa (ubutaka, amazu). Hakurikijwe ibyakozwe n’inama y’umuryango yo ku wa 25/01/2009, imwe muri iyo mitungo yayigabanyije ingo ze cyangwa se abagore be uko ari 8 mu rwego rw’ubuzungure bwe. Naho indi mitungo ari yo UPI : 4/03/08/03/7234 na UPI :4/03/08/01/288 yo yasigaye itagabanyijwe aba bagore be. Mu rubanza RC0002/15/TGI/MUS rwo ku wa 07/07/2016 ku rupapuro rwa 11 Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwavuze ko ubutaka bufite no 7234/MUS/MUH n’ubufite no 288/MUS/MUH ari ubwa succession Ntiruhungwa Denys, ni ukuvuga abazungura ba Ntiruhungwa Denys. Urukiko rwongeyeho ko

## Page 3

ubwinshi bw’abazungura ba Ntiruhungwa Denys ari inzitizi ituma kugabana ubwo butaka uko bungana byabuza buri wese kubona agace kagaragara yakoresha ku giti cye, Urukiko rusanga abazungura ba Ntiruhungwa Denys bagomba kugurisha ubwo butaka maze bakagabana ikiguzi cyabwo havuyemo Ntiruhungwa Jean de Dieu uhagarariwe mu izungura n’umugore we w’isezerano Mukarwesa Félicité. [3] Mukarwesa Félicité ntiyishimiye iyi mikirize y’uru rubanza RC0002/15/TGI/MUS, atanga ikirego cy’ubujurire mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, cyandikwa kuri RCA0071/16/HC/MUS. Ku wa 24/5/2018, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rwaciye urwo rubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Mukarwesa Félicité nta shingiro bufite. [4] Nyirambangutse Julienne yavuze ko mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa imikirize y’izi manza zombi, kugira ngo ashobore kubona imigabane ye kuri iyi mitungo itimukanwa 7234/MUS/MUH na 288/MUS/MUH, yifashishije umuhesha w’inkiko w’umwuga Me Mukashema Florence, atangira ibikorwa by’irangizwa ryazo, atangira kugabanya ashingiye ku ngo za Ntiruhungwa Denys n’urutonde rw’amazina y’abagore be yatunze nk’uko byashimangiwe n’inama y’umuryango yo ku wa 25/02/2009, ariko ko igihe imirimo ya Me Mukashema Florence yari irimbanyije, Nyirambangutse Julienne yatunguwe no kubona irangizwa ry’izi manza ryinjiyemo undi muhesha w’inkiko w’umwuga witwa Me Kankuyo Odette, uyu muhesha w’inkiko we akaba yaraje ateza impaka, ateza amakimbirane ku buryo mu nyandiko yamushyikirije ku wa 12/09/2022 amugezaho raporo y’igenagaciro y’imitungo igurishwa UPI:4/03/08/03/7234 na UPI:4/03/08/01/288 yanditse ko iri genagaciro arimenyesheje ababuranye harimo abazungura, abandi bakaba bahagarariye abazungura bataburanye. Avuga ko imigambi cyangwa intego bya Me Kankuyo Odette ari ukugurisha iyi mitungo ku gaciro kangana na 8.800.000Frw ku mutungo UPI :4/03/08/03/7234 na UPI :4/03/08/01/288 ufite agaciro kangana na 45.400.000Frw. Ibi ngo ni byo byatumye aregera Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze kugira ngo rwemeze ko Me Kankuyo Odette uvuga ko hari ababuranye izi manza zose harimo abazungura abandi bakaba babaye abazungura bataburanye, bidasobanutse, ngo biteye urujijo no gushidikanya kwinshi. [5] Icyo kibazo cyo kumenya niba ibyo Nyirambangutse Julienne avuga ngo abazungura bavugwa mu manza yaburanye

bidasobanutse cyasuzumwe mu rubanza RS/RECT/RC00008/2022/HC/MUS. Mu kuruca ku wa 22/12/2022, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rwasobanuye ko ijambo abazungura ba Ntiruhungwa Denys risobanutse neza, ko ritandukanye no kuvuga abagore yashatse, ko no mu nama y’umuryango yo ku wa 25/01/2009 bigaragara ko nta kindi gisobanuro cyigeze gihabwa abazungura ba Ntiruhungwa Denys kuko iyo nama yagarukiye gusa ku kugaragaza imiterere y’ingo ze, ko kuba muri iyo nama hagaragara ko hagabanye abagore be byari ugushyira mu bikorwa icyo yari yarasize avuze, ko ariko imitungo yari isigaye atagize icyo ayivugaho, izungura ryayo rikaba ryaremejwe n’Urukiko aho rwavuze ko abazungura ba Ntiruhungurwa Denys ari bo bazazungura iyo mitungo, bityo ko hagomba kurebwa igisobanuro gitangwa n’amategeko kuri iryo jambo aho ateganya uburyo abazungura bakurikirana cyangwa uko bamwe bahagararira abandi, ko rero nta bindi bisobanuro byihariye byatangwa. [6] Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rwemeje ko ikirego cya Nyirambangutse Julienne gisaba gusobanura urubanza RC0002/15/TGI/MUS na RCA 0071/16/HC/MUS nta shingiro gifite, ko imanza RC0002/15/TGI/MUS na RCA0071/16/HC/MUS zisobanutse kuko

## Page 4

zavuze ko imitungo ifite UPI:4/03/08/03/7234 na UPI:4/03/08/01/288 igomba kuzungurwa n’abazungura ba Ntiruhungurwa Denys, kandi ijambo abazungura rikaba risobanutse neza mu mategeko, cyane cyane ayerekeye izungura. [7] Nyirambangutse Julienne yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ikirego gihabwa RCA00002/2023/CA. Mu myanzuro ye yo gutanga ikirego avuga ko yatanze ikirego cy’ubujurire kubera ko mu mikirize y’urubanza RS/RECT/RC 00008/2022/HC/MUS hakirimo inenge kuko mu cyemezo Urukiko rwemeje ko imanza RC0002/15/TGI/MUS na RCA0071/16/HC/MUS zisobanutse ariko rukaba rutarafutuye neza mu buryo budashidikanywaho ku guhuza ibikubiye mu nyandiko y’inama y’umuryango yo ku wa 25/01/2009 n’ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’abanyamuryango. Akomeza avuga ko icyo asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ari uko rwasobanura neza kandi rugafutura nta shiti ko abazungura ba se Ntiruhungwa Denys bagomba kugabana imitungo n° 7234/MUS/MUH na n° 288/MUS/MUH ari abagore be umunani (8) yari atunze noneho buri mwana agaherera ku ruhande rwa nyina umubyara. [8] Mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 28/03/2023, Nyirambangutse Julienne ntiyitabye Urukiko; Urukiko rusuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ubujurire bwe bwasibwa mu bitabo by’Urukiko, maze rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe bwanditse kuri RCA00002/2023/CA busibwa mu bitabo by’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kubera kutitaba ku itariki y’iburanisha yari yaramenyeshejwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [9] Ku wa 11/04/2023, Nyirambangutse Julienne yongeye kuregera Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kubyutsa urubanza no RCA00002/2023/CA rwasibwe ku wa 28/03/2023, urubanza rwandikwa kuri RSA/RECT/RC00001/2023/CA, Urukiko ruteganya ko umucamanza wahawe urubanza azarusuzuma ku wa 05/07/2023 guhera sa ine (10h00) kandi byandikwa ahabugenewe muri dosiye buri wese rureba ashobora kubibonera akoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya IECMS, akaba ari nacyo gihe umucamanza yarusuzumye mu nama y’abacamanza ashingiye ku myanzuro yanditse kandi bitiriwe biba ngombwa guhamagaza umuburanyi watanze ikirego, hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 140 y’Itegeko Nº22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi1 ndetse n’ingingo ya 190 y’iryo Tegeko2. Urukiko rutangariza ahabigenewe muri dosiye ko urubanza ruzasomerwa mu ruhame ku wa 07/07/2023 guhera saa tanu (11h00), ari na wo munsi rusomeweho. II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO Gusuzuma niba NYIRAMBANGUTSE Julienne yakwemererwa kubyutsa urubanza RCA00002/2023/CA rwasibwe ku wa 28/03/2023. 1 Mu gika cya mbere cy’iyo ngingo ya 140 iteganya ko ikirego gikosora cyangwa gisobanura urubanza kiburanishwa nk’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuranyi umwe. 2 Mu gika cya 2 cy’iyo ngingo ya 190 iteganya ko mu gusuzuma ikirego cy’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe, umucamanza washyikirijwe ikirego ari we usuzuma mu bushishozi bwe niba ari ngombwa ko ahamagaza uwagitanze cyangwa se abandi bose abona ko bashobora kuza muri icyo kibazo.

## Page 5

[10] Mu myanzuro yo kubyutsa urubanza, mu rwego rwo gusobanura impamvu ikomeye kandi idasanzwe yatumye atitabira iburanisha ryo ku wa 28/03/2023 bikamuviramo ko urubanza rwe rwasibwe, Nyirambangutse Julienne avuga ko yari yarandikiye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire arubwira ko atashoboye kwitabira iburanisha ry’uwo munsi, asaba ko urubanza rwe rwasubikwa ku mpamvu z’uko yari agishaka Avoka umwunganira nk’uko Urukiko mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 02/03/2023 rwari rwabimusabye rumubwira ko amategeko atarwemerera kumuburanisha adafite Avoka umwunganira. Yanavuze kandi ko Me Seburikoko Jérémie wari wanze kumwunganira, yihuje n’ikirego cye atabimumenyesheje ndetse ngo n’ibaruwa yandikiye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/03/2023 arumenyesha ko atakimwunganiye atayimumenyesheje. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Ingingo ya 55 igika cya 1 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ibi bikurikira : “Iyo urubanza rwasibwe mu bitabo by’urukiko, mu rwego urwo ari rwo rwose, ku mpamvu z’ushaka kurubyutsa, icyo kibazo cye nticyakirwa atabanje kugaragaza impamvu idasanzwe kandi ikomeye yamubujije kuza kuruburana mbere”. Naho mu gika cya 3 cy’iyo ngingo igateganya ko Urukiko rwaregewe ari rwo rufite ububasha bwo kubimwemerera iyo rusanze impamvu atanga zumvikana. [12] Iyo ngingo y’Itegeko yumvikanisha ko kugira ngo urubanza rwasibwe rwongere kuburanishwa, ubyutsa urubanza agomba kubasha kumvisha Urukiko ko impamvu yatumye atitaba yari ikomeye kandi idasanzwe, bivuze ko iba ikwiye kuba impamvu ntarengwa yamutunguye ku buryo nta kundi yari agifite yabigenza kugira ngo abashe kwitaba. [13] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko Nyirambangutse Julienne ari we ubwe witangiye ikirego cy’urubanza rwasibwe, atagaragaza umu Avoka waba yarabimwunganiyemo cyangwa se uwo yaba yarateganyije ko azarumuhagarariramo mu gihe umucamanza yakenera kumuhamagaza mu iburanisha ngo agire ibindi bisobanuro bitanditswe amuha. Dosiye kandi igaragaza ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwifuje kumva uwatanze ikirego mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 02/03/2023 ariko kuri uwo munsi Nyirambangutse Julienne ntiyitabe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko kuko yitabye we ubwe atunganiwe cyangwa se ngo ahagararirwe na Avoka nk’uko amategeko abisaba muri rusange buri muburanyi mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire3, biba ngombwa ko Urukiko rwimura iburanisha kandi mu rwego rwo kubahiriza icyifuzo cya Nyirambangutse Julienne cy’uko iburanisha ryashyirwa mu mpera z’uko kwezi Urukiko ruryimurira ku wa 28/03/2023. [14] Urukiko rurasanga impamvu Nyirambangutse Julienne ashingiraho asaba kwemererwa kubyutsa urubanza rwasibwe atitabye ari ukuba kugeza ku munsi rwagombaga kuburanishwaho yari atarabona Avoka wo kumwunganira cyangwa se kumuhagararira. Iyi mpamvu ariko uru Rukiko rukaba rusanga atari impamvu ntarengwa yatunguranye kuko uretse no kuba Nyirambangutse Julienne asanzwe azi neza ko nk’uwifuza kuburanira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire amategeko amusaba kugira Avoka, ibi akaba yari afite inshingano yo kubyiteguraho na mbere yo 3 Ingingo ya 85, igika cya 5 y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga no mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire nta muburanyi wemerewe kwiburanira atunganiwe na avoka.

## Page 6

kwiyemeza kuregera uru Rukiko, yari yaranabyibukijwe n’Urukiko mu iburanisha ryasubitswe ku wa 02/03/2023. Impamvu yo kutabona Avoka no kutitabira iburanisha urubanza rwasibiwemo ryo ku wa 28/03/2023, uru Rukiko rukaba rusanga idashobora kubera Nyirambangutse Julienne impamvu ikomeye kandi idasanzwe yatumye atitaba ngo ubu abe yakwemererwa kubyutsa urubanza rwasibwe. Urukiko rukaba rusanga kubyutsa urubanza RCA00002/2023/CA bitagomba kwemerwa, dore ko no muri iki kirego cye cyo kurubyutsa yakomeje kubikora ubwe atagaragaza Avoka umwunganira cyangwa se wari kumuhagararira iyo Urukiko rukenera kumuhamagaza. [15] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 55 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi yibukijwe haruguru, rurasanga Nyirambangutse Julienne adafite impamvu idasanzwe kandi ikomeye yamubujije kwitaba mu buryo bukurije amategeko mu iburanisha ry’urubanza RCA00002/2023/CA ryo ku wa 28/03/2023 kandi yari yarahawe umwanya uhagije yifuje wo kubanza kuzuza ibyo amategeko amusaba ku bijyanye no gushaka Avoka. Bityo ntiyemerewe kubyutsa urwo rubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [16] Rwemeje ko kubyutsa urubanza RCA00002/2023/CA rwasibwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/03/2023 kwasabwe na Nyirambangutse Julienne kutemewe; [17] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’uru rubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.