IMIRONGO SC - No 3 - Febuary - April - 2023

# IMIRONGO SC - No 3 - Febuary - April - 2023

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Court Precedents - Date: 2023-04-03 - Collection: Supreme Court

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IMIRONGO YATANZWE MU MANZA ZACIWE N’URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA

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ISHAKIRO IRIBURIRO .............................................................................................................................................. 4 ............................................................................................................. 6 1. Izungura ry’amafaranga y’ubwishingizi ku buzima .............................................................................. 7 2. Ibarwa ry’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu k’uwakomerekeye mu mpanuka ....................................... 10 3. Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zisabwa n’umubyeyi wapfushije umwana mu mpanuka. .................. 12 4. Ubushishozi bw’urukiko mu guca nyirabayazana w’urubanza amafaranga y’igihembo cy’Avoka Error! Bookmark not defined. 5. Kugabana umutungo hagati y’ababanye batarashyingiranywe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko ...... 17 6. Ikirego gisaba ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rwo mu mahanga rurangirizwa mu Rwanda. (Exequatur) .................................................................................................................................................. 19 ................................................................................................................... 23 1. Itakambira ry’icyemezo kivana umuntu ku rutonde rw’abarahira mu Rugaga rw’Abavoka mu Rwanda

24 2. Isubizwa mu kazi ry’umukozi wa Leta wakoze ikosa ryamuteye kwirukanwa. ................................... 27 ...................................................................................................................... 30 1. Ibyanditswe mu masezerano ni byo abayagiranye bagomba gukurikiza nk’Itegeko kuri bo . .................. 34 2. Gutegeka banki gusubiza umukiliya amafaranga yakuwe kuri konti ye atabigizemo uruhare................... 38 .............................................................................................................................. 39 1. Gukuraho ingingo ya 8, igika cya 2; iya 52, igika cya 3; iya 75 n’iya 76 (1o) z’Itegeko no 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 ryerekeye imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura zinyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga .................................................................................................................. 40 2. Gukuraho igika cya 4 cy’ingingo ya 197 y'Itegeko no 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha kinyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga ........................................... 44 ......................................................................................................................... 47 1. Abakozi b’imirimo idashingiye ku masezerano yanditse ........................................................................ 48

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UMWANZURO ......................................................................................................................................... 51

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IJAMBO RY’IBANZE

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IRIBURIRO

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1. Izungura ry’amafaranga y’ubwishingizi ku buzima

Urubanza rwasuzumwe: Urubanza No RS/INJUST/RC 00011/2021/SC rwaciwe ku wa 10/02/2023 haburana Nyiramisago Ingabire Thacienne na Niyonsaba Micheline, hagobokamo Bamurebe Vestine. Ikibazo cyasuzumwe: Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima bwafatiwe nyakwigendera agomba kuzungurwa n’abazungura bose.

Inkomoko y’ikibazo: Niyonsaba Micheline yari umugore w’isezerano wa Kwizera David, uyu ariko yicwa n’impanuka y’imodoka batarabyarana. Mbere y’uko basezerana, Kwizera David yari yarabyaye abana batatu ku bandi bagore, aribo Kwizera Umuhoza Hope yabyaranye na Nyiramisago Ingabire Thacienne, Kwizera Isimbi Elsy na Kwizera Cyusa Delsy yabyaranye na Bamurebe Vestine. Nyuma y’urupfu rwa Kwizera David, Nyiramisago Ingabire Thacienne, mu izina ry’umwana we, yareze Niyonsaba Micheline mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, asaba kuzungura imitungo itandukanye yasizwe na Kwizera David, amafaranga yasize kuri konti muri banki zitandukanye, amafaranga y’ubwishingizi n’ay’ubwiteganyirize mu bigo bya SONARWA S.A. na RSSB. Bamurebe Vestine, mu izina ry’abana be Kwizera Isimbi Elsy na Kwizera Cyusa Delsy, yagobokeshejwe muri urwo rubanza. Mu rubanza no RC 0241/14/TGI/NYGE, rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2014, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwasanze amafaranga y’ubwishingizi ku buzima (assurance-vie) ari mu ma banki atandukanye, agomba kubarirwa mu mutungo wa Kwizera David ugomba kuzungurwa. Urwo Rukiko rwavuze ko indi mitungo iregerwa itagomba kujya mu mitungo ya Kwizera David igomba kuzungurwa, kuko nta bimenyetso bibigaragaza. Nyiramisago Ingabire Thacienne yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru maze mu rubanza no RCA 0339/14/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 30/06/2015, rwanzura ko amafaranga y’ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima (assurance-vie) ya Nyakwigendera akuwe mu mutungo ugomba kugabanwa, ahubwo

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agomba kwegukanwa na Niyonsaba Micheline wenyine, rwemeza ko indi mitungo ya nyakwigendera yagaragarijwe ibimenyetso igomba kugabanywa. Nyuma y’aho, Nyiramisago Ingabire Thacienne yandikiye Urwego rw'Umuvunyi, asaba ko urubanza no RCA 0339/14/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 30/06/2015 rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z'akaregane kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwageneye Niyonsaba Micheline amafaranga y’ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima wenyine kandi agomba kuzungurwa n’abazungura bose. Nyuma yo gusuzuma icyo kibazo, Urwego rw’Umuvunyi rwandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rusaba ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, hemezwa ko ruburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Ku munsi w’iburanisha ry’urwo rubanza, Niyonsaba Micheline yatanze inzitizi y’uko ikirego cya Nyiramisago Ingabire Thacienne kidakwiye kwakirwa kuko ibihe by’iminsi 30 byo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane bitubahirijwe. Mu cyemezo Urukiko rwafatiye mu ntebe rwashingiye ku ngingo ya 79, igika cya 21 y’Itegeko-Ngenga no 03/2012/OL ryo ku wa 13/06/2012 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ryakoreshwaga ku wa 13/04/2018, ubwo Urwego rw’Umuvunyi rwashyikirizwaga ikirego, rusanga ntaho iteganya ko urwo rwego rwagombaga kuregerwa mu gihe cy’iminsi 30 kuva urubanza ruciwe cyangwa rumenyeshejwe nyirarwo, rusanga ahubwo ibyo bihe byarazanywe n’Itegeko no 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko rikoreshwa ubu. Rwasanze kandi Niyonsaba Micheline atagaragaza icyari gutuma ibihe byo gutanga ikirego bibarwa hashingiwe ku itegeko ritari ririho kandi ihame ari uko amategeko agenga imigenzo y’imanza adakoreshwa asubira inyuma ahubwo afatira ibintu aho bigeze. Mu mikirize y’urwo rubanza mu mizi, Urukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba amafaranga y’ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima bwafatiwe Kwizera David agomba kuzungurwa n’abazungura be bose. Rwanasanze muri dosiye y’urubanza harimo inyandiko y’ubwishingizi ifite nimero: 007/01/112012/VIE/GRO, igaragaza ko ubwishingizi bwafashwe na Banque Populaire du Rwanda, bufatirwa Kwizera David, wapfuye ku wa 12/11/2012, naho bénéficiaire w’ubwishingizi ari Niyonsaba Micheline, amafaranga agomba kwishyurwa ari 17.122.776 Frw akubiyemo 16.780.272 Frw y’ubwishingizi na 342.504 Frw y’ubwizigame kuri ubwo bwishingizi. Rwasanze nta karengane kagaragara

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mu rubanza no RCA 0339/14/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, amafaranga y’ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima (assurance-vie) ya Nyakwigendera akaba agomba kuzungurwa na Niyonsaba Micheline wenyine, nk’uko byateganyijwe mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi. Ingingo z’itegeko umurongo ushingiyeho: - Ingingo ya 40, iya 41 n’iya 55 z’Itegeko-Teka n° 20/75 ryo ku wa 20/06/1975 ryerekeye ubwishingire. Imirongo yatanzwe :  Amategeko agenga imigenzo y’imanza (les lois de procédure) ntakoreshwa asubira inyuma ahubwo afatira ibintu aho bigeze (effet immédiat).  Kugena uzahabwa amafaranga y’ubwishingizi ku buzima ni uburenganzira bwite (droit strictement personnel) bw’ugiye gufata cyangwa gufatirwa ubwishingizi. Nyuma y’urupfu rw’uwishingiwe, uwo yagennye niwe uhabwa amafaranga yose.

Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: - Yvonne Lambert Faivre na Laurent Leveneur, Droit des assurances, Paris, Dalloz, 2005, p. 819 et 823

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2. Ibarwa ry’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ku wakomerekeye mu mpanuka

Urubanza rwasuzumwe: Urubanza No RS/INJUST/RC 00026/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 24/04/2023, haburana Rubayiza Jean Paul arega SONARWA General Insurance Company Ltd. Ikibazo cyasuzumwe: Kumenya uburyo indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zigomba kubarwa mu gihe umuntu wakomerekeye mu mpanuka agize ubumuga buri hasi ya 30%. Inkomoko y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Rubayiza Jean Paul, wakomerekeye mu mpanuka ya Moto yishingiwe na Sonarwa General Insurance Company Ltd, ayirega asaba ko itegekwa kumuha indishyi zinyuranye zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka. Urwo Rukiko rwategetse Sonarwa guha Rubayiza Jean Paul indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, akababaro, uburanga, gutakaza uburambe ku kazi n’ibyakoreshejwe byose. Sonarwa yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, isaba gusuzuma ishingiro ry’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zagenwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge n’ishingiro ry’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi. Urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 17 y’Iteka rya Perezida nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, rwasanze Rubayiza Jean Paul atagomba kubarirwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hashingiwe ku mushahara yahembwaga, ahubwo ko agomba kubarirwa ku mushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko (SMIG) ungana na 3.000 Frw ku munsi, ruvuga ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse ku birebana n’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Rubayiza Jean Paul yagenewe, rugabanya indishyi Sonarwa yagombaga guha Rubayiza Jean Paul, rusoza ruvuga ko nta zindi ndishyi zigomba gutangwa. Rubayiza Jean Paul yasabye ko urwo rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, hemezwa ko ruburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ku munsi w’iburanisha, ababuranyi bajya impaka ku kibazo cyo kumenya uburyo indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu

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Rubayiza Jean Paul asaba zigomba kubarwa. Rubayiza Jean Paul avuga ko zagombaga kubarwa hashingiwe ku mushahara yahembwaga ku kwezi nk’uko biteganywa n’Itegeko nº 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zatewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na Moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka. Sonarwa yo ivuga ko izo ndishyi zikwiye kubarwa hashingiwe ku mushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko (SMIG) nk’uko biteganwa n’Iteka rya Perezida n° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga. Urukiko rwasanze Iteka rya Perezida n° 31/01 ryibukijwe haruguru ariryo rigomba gushingirwaho mu kubara indishyi Rubayiza Jean Paul akwiye guhabwa kuko ari ryo risobanura mu buryo burambuye uko abakoze impanuka bazishyurwa n’ibizashingirwaho. Urukiko rwasanze, Rubayiza Jean Paul yaragize ubumuga buhoraho buri munsi ya 30%, ruvuga ko akwiye kubarirwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hashingiwe ku mushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wa 3.000 Frw. Imirongo yatanzwe:

 Iteka rya Perezida n° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga niryo rigomba gushingirwaho mu kubara indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu umuntu akwiye guhabwa kuko ari ryo risobanura mu buryo burambuye uko abakoze impanuka bazishyurwa n’ibizashingirwaho dore ko ryagiyeho mu rwego rwo kwerekana ikoreshwa ry’Itegeko nº 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zatewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na Moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka.  Iyo uwakomeretse yagize ubumuga buhoraho buri munsi ya 30%, agomba guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zigenwa hakurikijwe agaciro kagereranyije, kabarwa hagendewe ku mushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko (SMIG) ungana na 3.000 Frw.

Amategeko yashingiweho:

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1. Iteka rya Perezida n° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga. 2. Itegeko nº 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zatewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na Moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka.

3. Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zisabwa n’umubyeyi wapfushije umwana mu mpanuka.

Urubanza rwasuzumwe: Urubanza No RS/INJUST/RC 00021/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 17/03/2023, haburana Mukagatare Régine n’abandi, barega SANLAM AG Plc. Ikibazo cyasuzumwe: Kumenya niba umubyeyi wa nyakwigendera ashobora guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zikomoka ku mpanuka yahitanye umwana we. Inkomoko y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka ya moto yahitanye Habyarimana Pacifique, yari ifite ubwishingizi muri SORAS AG Ltd ubu yahindutse SANLAM AG Plc. Umubyeyi wa nyakwigendera n’abavandimwe be, bareze SANLAM AG Plc Ltd mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge basaba indishyi zitandukanye zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka nyuma y’uko ubwumvikane hagati yabo na SANLAM bunaniranye. Mu rubanza no RC 00647/2018/TGI/NYGE, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwategetse SANLAM AG Plc kwishyura umubyeyi wa nyakwigendera indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hamwe n’indishyi z’ibangamiramuco kubera urupfu rw’umwana we, runagenera abavandimwe ba nyakwigendera indishyi z’ibangamiramuco. Bose hamwe kandi bagenewe amafaranga y’igihembo cy’Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza. SANLAM AG Plc yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, ivuga ko nta bimenyetso by’uko Mukagatare Régine yari atunzwe n’umwana we yigeze agaragaza ku buryo yagenerwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu. Mu rubanza no RCA 00192/2018/HC/KIG, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ubujurire bwa SANLAM AG Plc bufite ishingiro, rutegeka ko nta ndishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zikomoka ku mpanuka yateje urupfu rwa Habyarimana

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Pacifique zigomba gutangwa ku mubyeyi we Mukagatare Régine, maze rumutegeka gufatanya n’abavandimwe ba nyakwigendera kwishyura SANLAM AG Plc indishyi. Ibyo byatumye bandikira Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire basaba gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, amaze gusuzuma ubusabe bwabo, yandikira Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, nawe nyuma yo gusuzuma raporo yarukozweho, yemeza ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ruhabwa no RS/INJUST/RC 00021/2022/SC. Muri uru rubanza ababuranyi b’impande zombi bemeranyijwe ko hazasuzumwa gusa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zagenewe Mukagatare Régine, naho ibindi byari byaregewe babyumvikanaho mu nama ntegurarubanza. Mu icibwa ry’urwo rubanza mu mizi, Urukiko rwasanze umubyeyi wa Habyarimana Pacifique nta ndishyi z’ibangamirabukungu agomba guhabwa kuko nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko yari asanzwe atunzwe na nyakwigendera, rwemeza ko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite. Imirongo yatanzwe:

 Umubyeyi w’uwazize impanuka ntahabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu cyeretse agaragaje ibimenyetso bifatika by’uko yari atunzwe na nyakwigendera.

Izindi manza bihuza uyu murongo wafashwe: - Urubanza n° RCAA 0049/14/CS, haburana Umuhoza Pacifique n’abandi na SANLAM AG Plc, rwaciwe ku wa 25/11/2016; - Urubanza rubanziriza urundi n° RS/INJUST/RC 00018/2022/SC, haburana Niyonzima Léonidas n’abandi na SANLAM AG Plc, rwaciwe ku wa 27/01/2023;

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4. Ububasha bw’urukiko mu guca nyirabayazana w’urubanza amafaranga y’igihembo cy’Avoka.

Urubanza rwasuzumwe: Urubanza No RS/INJUST/RC 00027/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 17/02/2023, haburana Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal arega SANLAM AG Plc na Turikumwe Théophile. Ibibazo byasuzumwe: - Kumenya niba mu kugenera SANLAM AG Plc igihembo cy’Avoka, Urukiko Rukuru rwarafashe icyemezo ku kitararegewe. -Kumenya niba Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal yarahaniwe ikosa rimwe inshuro ebyiri. Inkomoko y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Turikumwe Théophile arega SANLAM AG Plc, avuga ko ubwo ku wa 08/06/2018 yitabiraga cyamunara yari yateguwe na SORAS AG Ltd (ubu yabaye SANLAM AG Plc) yahaguze moto TVS Victor Glx ifite plaque RC 779P. Asobanura ko mu masezerano y’ubugure yagiranye na SORAS AG Ltd bumvikanye ko igomba kumufasha gukora ihererekanyamutungo kuri iyo moto, ariko ko ibyo itabyubahirije bikamutera igihombo, asaba indishyi mbonezamusaruro guhera ku wa 12/06/2018 ubwo iyo moto yasohokaga mu igaraji kugeza urubanza ruciwe burundu n’izindi ndishyi zinyuranye harimo n’igihembo cy’Avoka. SANLAM AG Plc yo yireguye ivuga ko Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal wanditse kuri iyo moto ariwe wanze kuyikorera ihererekanyamutungo, imurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo mu rubanza no RC 00279/2018/TGI/GSBO, inagobokeshamo Turikumwe Théophile, isaba Urukiko kumutegeka kuyikorera ihererekanyamutungo no kuyiha indishyi zo kutubahiriza amasezerano. Ivuga ko urwo rubanza rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2019, Urukiko rutegeka Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal gukora ihererekanyamutungo no kwishyura 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka kuri SORAS AG Ltd no kuri Turikumwe Théophile, ariko ko na nyuma y’urwo rubanza, Kanyamagana Kayobotsi yakomeje kuyinaniza.

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Mu rubanza no RC 00539/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 29/10/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwasanze ari SANLAM AG Plc igomba gukorera Turikumwe Théophile ihererekanyamutungo kuko ariyo bagiranye amasezerano, runasanga indishyi mbonezamusaruro zingana na 4.048.000 Frw, Turikumwe Théophile asaba nta shingiro zifite kuko bigaragara ko SANLAM AG Plc nta bushake buke cyangwa uburangare yagize mu kutamukorera ihererekanyamutungo, rutegeka SANLAM AG Plc guha Turikumwe Théophile 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka kandi ikanamusubiza 20.000 Frw yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama. Turikumwe Théophile yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko atagenewe indishyi mbonezamusaruro kandi yarazisabye, SANLAM AG Plc na Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal bo bavuga ko ibijyanye n’indishyi byakemukiye mu rubanza no RC 00279/2018/TGI/GSBO, basaba ko ubujurire butakirwa, batanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi basaba guhabwa indishyi zinyuranye. Mu rubanza no RCA 00363/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 21/05/2021, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ubujurire bwa Turikumwe Théophile bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rusanga indishyi n’imisoro bikomoka kuri moto ari Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal ugomba kubiryozwa kuko n’ubundi ihererekanyamutungo ritari gushoboka imisoro itarishyurwa, ruvuga ko indishyi zaciwe SANLAM AG Plc ku rwego rwa mbere zivanweho, rutegeka Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal guha SANLAM AG Plc 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka mu bujurire. Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal yasabye ko urubanza no RCA 00363/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 21/05/2021 rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane, hemezwa ko ruburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga maze ku munsi w’iburanisha, hasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba mu kugenera SANLAM AG Plc 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka, Urukiko Rukuru rwarafashe icyemezo ku kitararegewe kandi bikaba byaratumye Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal ahanirwa ikosa rimwe inshuro ebyiri. Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasanze urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwari rwarabaye ndakuka, ku buryo Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal atavuga ko igihembo cy’Avoka yaciwe muri urwo rubanza hari isano gifitanye n’igihembo cy’Avoka yaciwe mu Rukiko Rukuru bikaba byafatwa ko ku gikorwa kimwe yaciwe icyo gihembo

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cy’Avoka inshuro ebyiri (double recovery), ndetse rwasanze uwatsinze urubanza aba yagize ibyo ashora harimo n’igihembo cy’Avoka, ruvuga ko uwabaye nyirabayazana w’urubanza aba agomba kucyishyura kugira ngo bidatera uwatsinze urubanza igihombo nta mpamvu. Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal gisubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane nta shingiro cyari gifite, ko imikirize y’urubanza no RCA 00363/2020/HC/KIG ntacyo ihinduweho. Umurongo watanzwe :  Mu gukurikirana urubanza mu nkiko zinyuranye, ababuranyi barutakazamo byinshi harimo n’igihembo baba barishyuye Abavoka, bityo uwabaye nyirabayazana w’urubanza niwe ugomba kwishyura igihembo cy’Avoka kugira ngo bidatera uwatsinze igihombo nta mpamvu, kandi ibyo ntibikwiye kwitwa ko ku gikorwa kimwe uwatsinzwe yaciwe icyo gihembo inshuro ebyiri (double recovery).

Inyandiko z’abahanga : Serge Guinchard (eds), Droit et pratique de la procédure civile, Paris, Dalloz, 2014, p.1708.

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5. Kugabana umutungo hagati y’ababanye batarashyingiranywe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko

Urubanza rwasuzumwe : Urubanza No RS/INJUST/RC 00003/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 05/05/2023, haburana Hakuzimana Jean Bosco arega Munyaneza Fabien na Ntakirutinka Béatrice, hagobokamo Kabera Fidèle. Ikibazo cyasuzumwe : Igurisha ry’umutungo uhuriweho ryakozwe n’umwe mu bawusangiye.

Inkomoko y’ikibazo : Munyaneza Fabien yabanye na Ntakirutinka Béatrice mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, kuva mu mwaka wa 2005 kugeza mu wa 2015. Ntakirutinka Béatrice yaregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze asaba ko rwabagabanya imitungo bafatanyije gushaka mu gihe babanaga, ibaruye kuri UPI 4/03/08/04/722 na UPI 4/03/08/04/723 yaje kugabanywamo ibice 3, hamwe hakagira UPI 4/03/08/04/6286, ahandi UPI 4/03/08/04/6287, aha gatatu hagasigarana UPI 4/03/08/04/723. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwaciye urubanza nº RC 00126/2018/TGI/MUS ku wa 10/10/2019, rwemeza ko ikirego cya Ntakirutinka Béatrice nta shingiro gifite kubera ko nta bimenyetso yigeze atanga bigaragaza uruhare rwe mu ishakwa ry’imitungo aregera, ko ahubwo ari iya Hakuzimana Jean Bosco wayiguze. Ntakirutinka Béatrice yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, urubanza ruhabwa nº RCA 00097/2019/HC/MUS, rucibwa ku wa 13/07/2020, rusanga imitungo ibaruye kuri UPI 4/03/08/04/723, UPI 4/03/08/04/6286 na UPI 4/03/08/04/6287, Ntakirutinka Béatrice yarayishakanye na Munyaneza Fabien, bakaba bagomba kuyigabana, runategeka ko amasezerano y’ubugure Munyaneza Fabien yagiranye na Hakuzimana Jean Bosco nta gaciro afite kuko Munyaneza Fabien yagurishije wenyine umutungo yari afatanyije na Ntakirutinka Béatrice. Munyaneza Fabien yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rwakoze amakosa yo gushingira ku kimenyetso cyatanzwe nyuma y’iburanisha. Hakuzimana Jean Bosco yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku

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bundi avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwaciriye urubanza ku kitararegewe. Ntakirutinka Béatrice nawe yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutagombaga kuvana umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI 4/03/08/04/722 mu bigabanywa, ko kandi habayeho kugabanya imitungo ibaruye kuri UPI 4/03/08/04/723, UPI 4/03/08/04/6286 na UPI 4/03/08/04/6287 mu buryo butangana, bituma ahabwa imitungo ifite agaciro gake. Mu rubanza nº RCAA 00017/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 18/06/2021, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko amasezerano y’ubugure atagombaga guteshwa agaciro kandi bitari byararegewe ku rwego rwa mbere, ariko ko ntacyo bihindura ku kuba Ntakirutinka Béatrice yarahawe uruhare ku mitungo iburanwa kuko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rwasanze ayifiteho uburenganzira, bityo hakaba ntacyamubuza gukurikirana umutungo we k’uwufite. Hakuzimana Jean Bosco yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga asaba ko urubanza nº RCAA 00017/2020/CA rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ruburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, Kabera Fidèle agobokeshwa mu rubanza mu nyungu z’ubutabera hagendeye ku makuru yari yatanzwe na Hakuzimana Jean Bosco ko bahererekanyije imitungo iburanwa, akaba ariwe ubu wanditsweho ibyangombwa by’ubutaka. Mu mikirize y’urubanza, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasanze ikirego kigamije gutesha agaciro amasezerano y’ubugure bwakozwe ku kintu cy’undi gitangwa gusa n’uwaguze, ariko nyir’ikintu cyagurishijwe atabizi ashobora gutanga ikirego kigamije kugaruza ibye (action en revendication), runasanga uwagurishije umutungo kandi awusangiye n’undi, igurisha ryawo rigira agaciro ku bireba igipande kigize umutungo we gusa, ikindi gipande kigasubizwa nyiracyo ndetse ko umuguzi waguze nta buryarya akavutswa ibyo yaguze asubizwa n’uwamugurishije agaciro kabyo ku munsi abivukirijweho. Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Hakuzimana Jean Bosco gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rutegeka ko Kabera Fidèle wahererekanyije na Hakuzimana Jean Bosco imitungo ibaruye kuri UPI 4/03/08/04/722, UPI 4/03/08/04/6286 na UPI 4/03/08/04/6287 ayigumana, runategeka ko Ntakirutinka Béatrice agumana umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI 4/03/08/04/723, Munyaneza Fabien akamwongerera andi mafaranga angana n’igipande cye cy’umutungo bashakanye.

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Umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko:  Ikirego kigamije gutesha agaciro amasezerano y’ubugure bwakozwe ku kintu cy’undi gitangwa gusa n’uwaguze, ariko nyir’ikintu cyagurishijwe atabizi ashobora gutanga ikirego kigamije kugaruza ibye (action en revendication).  Uwagurishije umutungo kandi awusangiye n’undi, igurisha ryawo rigira agaciro ku bireba igipande kigize umutungo we gusa, ikindi gipande kigasubizwa nyiracyo.  Umuguzi waguze nta buryarya akavutswa ibyo yaguze asubizwa n’uwamugurishije agaciro kabyo ku munsi abivukirijweho.

Izindi manza bihuje umurongo: - Urubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RC 0008/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 12/11/2021 haburana Gahire Athanase na Mukarushakiro Gloriose na bagenzi be, ibika bya 83-84 - Urubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RC 00007/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 10/12/2021 haburana Twagirayezu n’abandi na Twagirayezu n’undi, ibika bya 46-47 - Urubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RC 00001/2021/SC rwaciwe ku wa 17/12/2021 haburana Umulinga v Ngirinshuti na Muberuka, ibika bya 50-52. - Urubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RC 00004/2018/SC rwaciwe ku wa 21/02/2020 haburana Nicyabera na Mukagatare, ibika bya 22, 24 na 43.

6. Ikirego gisaba ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rwo mu mahanga rurangirizwa mu Rwanda. (Exequatur)

Urubanza rwasuzumwe : Urubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RC 00024/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 24/02/2023, haburana Nzanira Gasherebuka David na POPPE Honorine. Ikibazo cyasuzumwe :  Kumenya niba imanza zaciwe n’Inkiko zo mu Bubiligi zarangirizwa mu Rwanda (Exéquatur).

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Inkomoko y’ikibazo : Poppe Honorine wari warashyingiranywe na Nzanira Gasherebuka David mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko mu Bwami bw’Ububiligi, yareze asaba ubutane muri Tribunal de Premiere Instance de Namur. Urubanza rwahawe nº 18/1665/A. Nzanira Gasherebuka David nawe yatanze ikirego kiregera kwiregura (demande reconventionelle) asaba Urukiko gutegeka kutabana na Poppe Honorine (résider séparement), gutegeka ko Nzanira Gasherebuka David ahabwa inshingano za kibyeyi ku bana babiri yabyaranye na Poppe Honorine. Poppe Honorine yaje kureka urubanza rw’ubutane, Urukiko rubifataho icyemezo ku wa 27/03/2019, rumwemerera kureka urubanza rw’ubutane. Ku wa 18/11/2019, Urukiko rwaciye urubanza nº 18/1665/A rwemeza ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Nzanira Gasherebuka David gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rumwemerera kutabana na Poppe Honorine (résider séparément), rubaha bombi inshingano zo kurera abana (autorité parentale), runategeka ko abana bazaba kwa Se aho asanzwe atuye, kandi akaba ari we uzajya ahabwa ubufasha bagenerwa na Leta (allocations familiales). Poppe Honorine yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire rwa Liège (Cour d’Appel de Liège) anasaba ko hasuzumwa ibijyanye n’ubutane. Urubanza ku bujurire rwahawe nº 2019/FA/626 rucibwa ku wa 25/11/2020, Urukiko rutegeka ko ikirego gishya cy’ubutane cya Poppe Honorine kitakiriwe kandi ko hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Nyuma y’urwo rubanza, Nzanira Gasherebuka David yaje kuregera ubutane muri Tribunal de Premiere Instance de Namur, La Première Chambre F du Tribunal Familial, gihabwa nº 20/1494/A. Urubanza rwaciwe ku wa 02/06/2021, Urukiko rwemeza ko uru rubanza ruhujwe n’izindi manza zabanje kuko zifitanye isano, rwemeza ko Nzanira Gasherebuka David na Poppe Honorine batanye (divorce). Nyuma y’aho, Nzanira Gasherebuka David yaregeye Urukiko Rukuru i Kigali asaba ko rutegeka ko imanza nº 18/1665/A na nº 2019/FA/626 zirangirizwa mu Rwanda (exéquatur) agahabwa abana be, kuko umugore we Poppe Honorine yabafashe ku buryo bwa kiboko akabazana mu Rwanda. Poppe Honorine yagobotse muri urwo rubanza, avuga ko izo manza Nzanira Gasherebuka David asaba ko zirangirizwa mu Rwanda, ari iz’agateganyo, bityo zidakwiriye kuharangirizwa. Ku wa 09/08/2021, Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza nº RC 00020/2021/HC/KIG, rusanga imanza nº 18/1665/A na nº

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2019/FA/626 zitarangirizwa mu Rwanda zonyine kuko Nzanira Gasherebuka David atabisabiye hamwe n’irangizwa ry’urubanza rwamuhaye ubutane rufite nº 20/1494/A, kandi bigaragara ko urwo rubanza rwahujwe n’izo manza zabanje, akaba arirwo rwaciwe burundu naho izindi zikaba zari iz’agateganyo. Nzanira Gasherebuka David yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe buhabwa nº RCA 00003/2021/CA, maze mu mikirize yarwo ku wa 14/12/2021, urukiko rusanga imanza nº 18/1665/A na nº 2019/FA/626 zidashobora kurangirizwa mu Rwanda Nzanira Gasherebuka David atarabisabiye rimwe n’urubanza rw’ubutane nº 20/1494/A. Nzanira Gasherebuka David yaje kongera kuregera Urukiko Rukuru asaba ko imanza nº 18/1665/A, na nº 2019/FA/626 ndetse n’urubanza rw’ubutane nº 20/1494/A zaciriwe mu Bubiligi zose zirangirizwa mu Rwanda (Exéquatur). Urukiko rwasanze ibyemezo byafashwe mu rubanza nº 18/1665/A rwaciwe na “Tribunal de Premiere Instance de Namur, Division Namur, 1ère Chambre B, Tribunal de la Famille” ku wa 18/11/2019, n’ubujurire bw’urwo rubanza nº 2019/FA/626 rwaciwe na “Cour d’Appel de Liege, dixième Chambre Civile” ku wa 25/11/2020, ari ibyemezo by’agateganyo bidakwiye kurangirizwa mu Rwanda. Nzanira Gasherebuka David yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru irimo urujijo (confusion), asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kongera gusuzuma niba imanza yaregeye zitarangirizwa mu Rwanda, hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu manza nº RC 00020/2021/HC/KIG na nº RCA 00003/2021/CA. Urukiko rwemeje ko ibisabwa na Nzanira Gasherebuka David ko imanza nº 18/1665/A, nº 2019/FA/626 na nº 20/1494/A zirangirizwa mu Rwanda atabihabwa. Nzanira Gasherebuka David yandikiye Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga asaba ko urubanza nº RCA 00003/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 10/06/2022 rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane, hemezwa ko ruburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, hasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba imanza nº 18/1665/A, nº 2019/FA/626 n’urubanza nº 20/1494/A zaciwe n’Inkiko zo mu Bubiligi zarangirizwa mu Rwanda (Exéquatur). Urukiko rwasanze imanza zavuzwe haruguru zaciwe n’inkiko zo mu Bubiligi zujuje ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 44

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y’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko mu Rwanda, rusoza ruvuga ko zikwiye kurangirizwa mu Rwanda.

Umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko:  Nta kindi kigomba gusuzumwa mu rubanza rwaciriwe mu mahanga rusabirwa kurangirizwa mu Rwanda uretse kureba niba rwujuje ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 44 y’Itegeko nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko mu Rwanda aribyo: I. ko urubanza rwaciriwe mu mahanga rutanyuranyije n’amategeko rusange ndemyagihugu n’amahame ashingiweho n’amategeko y’u Rwanda; II. ko urubanza rwaciwe burundu hakurikijwe amategeko y’igihugu rwaciriwemo; III. ko kopi y’urubanza yujuje ibyangombwa byose byemeza ko ari impamo, hakurikijwe ayo mategeko; IV. ko uburenganzira bwo kwiregura bwubahirijwe.

Amategeko yashingiweho: - Ingingo ya 44 y’Itegeko nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko. - Ingingo ya 243 y’Itegeko n° 32/2016 ryo kuwa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango. Izindi manza bihuje umurongo: - Urubanza Nº RCOMA 0007/14/CS rwaciwe ku wa 10/11/2017 hagati ya Robert Sussman arega Mwangachuchu Hizi Edouard. - Urubanza Nº RCA 0006/13/CS rwaciwe ku wa 10/07/2015 hagati Hagengimana Athanase na Uwihoreye Dancille.

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1. Itakambira ry’icyemezo kivana umuntu ku rutonde rw’abarahira mu Rugaga rw’Abavoka mu Rwanda

Urubanza rwasuzumwe: Urubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RAD 00003/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 14/04/2023, haburana Rukundo Innocent hagobokamo Urugaga rw’Abavoka mu Rwanda. Ikibazo cyasuzumwe: Kumenya niba itakamba ritasubijwe n’umuyobozi mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, rihita rihabwa ishingiro (Silence vaut acceptation). Imiterere y’ikibazo: Rukundo Innocent yifuje kwinjira mu Rugaga rw’Abavoka ariko igihe cyo kurahira cyegereje avanwa ku rutonde rw’abazarahizwa. Urugaga rw’Abavoka rwamumenyesheje ko rwamenye ko yirukaniwe amakosa akomeye y’imyitwarire ubwo yari akiri umushinjacyaha kandi ko icyemezo kimwirukana kigifite agaciro, bityo ko atemerewe kwinjira mu Rugaga rw’Abavoka. Rukundo Innocent yatakambiye icyo cyemezo (recours gracieux) ariko Perezida w’Urugaga rw’Abavoka amumenyesha ko itakamba rye nta shingiro rifite, ajuririra icyo cyemezo ku Nama y’Urugaga. Hashize ukwezi nta gisubizo abonye, Rukundo Innocent yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rukuru arusaba kwemeza ko kuba yaratakambiye icyemezo cya Perezida w’Urugaga rw’Abavoka ntasubizwe mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko biha itakamba rye ishingiro, Urukiko rukaba rugomba gutegeka ko arahizwa nk’Avoka. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ikirego cya Rukundo Innocent kitakiriwe kuko kitari mu bubasha bwarwo. Rukundo Innocent yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko urubanza nº RAD 00002/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/03/2022 rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, amaze gusuzuma ubwo busabe, yandikira Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga asaba ko urwo rubanza rwasubirwamo. Mu cyemezo nº 153/CJ/2022 cyo ku wa 26/08/2022, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yategetse ko urwo rubanza rwoherezwa mu Bwanditsi bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kugira ngo ruzongere ruburanishwe. Nyuma yo gusanga Urukiko Rukuru rwari rufite ububasha bwo

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kuburanisha ikirego cya Rukundo Innocent, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko urubanza rukomeza mu mizi, Urugaga rw’Abavoka ruhamagazwa mu rubanza. Mu mizi y’urubanza, Rukundo Innocent yashimangiye ko nta kindi Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rugomba gusuzuma uretse kwemeza gusa ko yubahirije imigenzo y’itakamba, rugategeka ko kuba atarasubijwe mu bihe biteganywa n’amategeko, agomba kurahizwa nk’Avoka, kuko ku bw’Itegeko, kudasubizwa bivuze kwemererwa ibyo yatakambiye. Urugaga rw’Abavoka ruvuga ko Urukiko rudakwiye gukoresha ingingo ya 178 y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 uko yanditse gusa hatitawe ku cyo Umushingamategeko yari agamije ayishyiraho kuko ingaruka zabyo zaba ari ukwemeza ko uwatakambye ahabwa n’uburenganzira atemerewe cyangwa budashoboka bitewe n’uko gusa atasubijwe mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko. Uru Rukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba kuba Rukundo Innocent atarasubijwe n’Inama y’Urugaga ibyo yasabaga byo kurahizwa nka Avoka bivuze ko agomba kubyemererwa hatarebwe ishingiro ry’uburenganzira yatakambiye, n’icyo kumenya niba umuntu wirukaniwe amakosa y’imyitwarire yemerewe kwinjira mu rugaga rw’Abavoka. Urukiko rwasanze ingingo ya 178 y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru nta rengayobora yateganyije, bivuze ko iramutse ikoreshejwe uko yanditse byahesha uwatakambye ibyo yatakambiye, yaba abifitiye uburenganzira cyangwa ntabwo abifitiye cyangwa se bitanashoboka ko abugira, rubona icyo ari icyuho mu itegeko kuko umushingamategeko atari agamije ko hagira ubona uburenganzira no kubyo atemerewe ngo ni uko atasubijwe. Mu rwego rwo kuzuza iyo ngingo kugira ngo amagambo yayo ahuzwe n’icyari kigenderewe n’Umushingamategeko, Urukiko rwasanze kudasubizwa bitafatwa nko kwemererwa no ku byo umuntu adafiteho uburenganzira, rugaragaza ingero z’ibyemezo aho kudasubiza bidakwiye gufatwa nko kwemerera uwatakambye ibyo yasabaga. Nyuma yo kubona ko Rukundo Innocent yirukaniwe amakosa y’imyitwarire mu Bushinjacyaha aho yakoraga, Urukiko rwategetse ko atujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko kugira ngo abe yarahizwa nk’umwavoka.

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Umurongo watanzwe:

 Umushingamategeko ajya gushyiraho ingingo ya 178, igika cya 3 n’icya 5, y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko Umuyobozi utakambiwe agomba gusubiza ubwo butakambe mu gihe cy’ukwezi kumwe (1)…. Iyo adasubije, ubutakambe bufatwa nk’aho bufite ishingiro (Silence vaut acceptation)… yari agamije kwemeza ko uwatakambye ntasubizwe ahabwa ibyo afiteho uburenganzira gusa.  Gutakamba usaba ibyo udafitiye uburenganzira ntusubizwe biri mu bwoko bw’ibyemezo byateganyirijwe ko kudasubizwa bivuze guhakanirwa (silence vaut rejet/refus).  Umuntu wifuza kwinjira mu Rugaga rw’Abavoka, kimwe mu byo agomba kuba yujuje ni ukuba atarirukaniwe amakosa y’imyitwarire, byaba byarabaye akerekana ko yahawe ihanagurabusembwa.

Amategeko yashingiweho: - Ingingo ya 178, igika cya 3 n’icya 5; y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. - Ingingo ya 9, igika cya kabiri, y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. - Ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko n° 241 ryo ku wa 7/08/1990 (Loi générale sur la procédure administrative du 7 août 1990) (Ubutaliyani) - Ingingo ya 43 y’Itegeko n° 30/1992 ryo ku wa 26/11/1992 [de régimen Jurídico de las Administraciones Públicas y del Procedimiento Administrativo Común (LRJAPC), BOE, n° 285, 27 nov.1992.] (Esipanye) - Ingingo ya 110, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko-Ngenga ryo ku wa 08/07/1976 rigenga ibigo bya Centres publics d'action sociale (CPAS) (Ububiligi)

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- Ingingo ya mbere y’Itegeko n° 2013-1005 ryo ku wa 12/11/2013 (Loi n° 2013-1005 du 12 novembre 2013 habilitant le Gouvernement à simplifier les relations entre l'administration et les citoyens.) (Ubufaransa)

2. Isubizwa mu kazi ry’umukozi wa Leta wakoze ikosa ryamuteye kwirukanwa.

Urubanza rwasuzumwe: Urubanza No RS/INJUST/RAD 00004/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 03/02/2023, haburana Kanyarukato Augustin n’Akarere ka Musanze mu izina ry’Umuyobozi wako. Ikibazo cyasuzumwe: Kumenya niba Akarere kagomba gusubiza umukozi wako wirukanwe ku mwanya yavanyweho kubera ko Komisiyo y’Abakozi ba Leta itasubije ubujurire bwe mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko. Imiterere y’ikibazo: Kanyarukato Augustin yarezwe gufungira umuturage ku Biro by’Umurenge yayoboraga amuziza kuba yarubatse mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Nyuma y’uko ahamijwe icyo cyaha ndetse akagihanirwa n’Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Muhoza, Akarere ka Musanze kamwirukanye mu kazi. Kanyarukato yatakambiye icyemezo kimwurakana mu kazi ariko kigumishwaho, bituma ajuririra Komisiyo y’Abakozi ba Leta. Hashize ukwezi atarahabwa igisubizo, yatanze ikirego nsobanurakirego gitanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze, arusaba gushingira ku ngingo ya 178, igika cya gatatu n’icya gatanu, y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, rugategeka Akarere ka Musanze kumusubiza mu kazi. Mbere y’iburanisha, Akarere ka Musanze kahamagajwe mu rubanza. Urukiko rwasanze ikirego gifite ishingiro kuko iyo umuyobozi wajuririwe atasubije ubujurire mu gihe cy’ukwezi, nta kindi Urukiko rugomba gusuzuma uretse kureba ko imigenzo yo gutanga ikirego ku ruhande rw’umukozi yubahirijwe, hanyuma rugategeka

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ko asubizwa mu kazi nta yandi mananiza, rutegeka ko Kanyarukato Augustin asubizwa mu kazi ku mwanya yari asanzweho. Akarere kajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze. Urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ibyo Kanyarukato Augustin yavugaga ko kudasubizwa ku bujurire bwe na Komisiyo y’Abakozi ba Leta bivuze ko ubwo bujurire bufite ishingiro atari byo, ahubwo ko bimuhesha uburenganzira bwo kuregera Urukiko narwo rugasuzuma ishingiro ry’ibyo yari yarajuririye. Icyo cyemezo nicyo cyatumye Kanyarukato Augustin asubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ruburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, hasuzumwa niba Akarere ka Musanze kagomba gusubiza Kanyarukato Augustin ku mwanya w’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge kubera ko Komisiyo y’Abakozi ba Leta itasubije ubujurire bwe mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko. Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasanze ingingo ya 72 y’Itegeko n° 017/2020 ryo ku wa 07/10/2020 rishyiraho sitati rusange igenga abakozi ba Leta ndetse n’ingingo ya 34 y’Iteka rya Perezida n° 65/01 ryo ku wa 04/03/2014 rigena uburyo bwo gutanga ibihano ku bakozi ba Leta zivuga ko umukozi wa Leta utanyuzwe n’icyemezo cy’umuyobozi yajuririye ku rwego rwa nyuma ashobora kuregera urukiko hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga. Mu yandi magambo, bivuze ko kudasubizwa cyangwa kudasubizwa mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko ku mukozi wa Leta ugengwa na sitati rusange y’abakozi ba Leta ubwabyo bitamuhesha uburenganzira ku byo yatakambiraga. Rwasanze ahubwo bimufungurira inzira yo kuregera Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha, agaragaza ishingiro ry’uburenganzira yaharaniraga mu itakamba rye kugira ngo Urukiko rubisuzume. Rwasanze kandi umukozi usaba kwemeza ko afite uburenganzira bwo gusubizwa mu kazi cyangwa ko ubwo burenganzira bwahutajwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko cyangwa usaba icyemezo gitegeka ko abusubizwamo nk’uko byahoze mbere, aregera Urukiko kugira ngo rusuzume ishingiro ry’ibyo avuga ndetse n’uwo asaba kubahiriza uburenganzira bwe yiregure, ibyo kandi ntibyakorerwa mu kirego cyatanzwe mu buryo bw’inyandiko nsobanurakirego gitanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe.

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Umurongo watanzwe:

 Kudasubizwa cyangwa kudasubizwa mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko ku mukozi wa Leta ugengwa na sitati rusange y’abakozi ba Leta ubwabyo ntibimuhesha uburenganzira ku byo yatakambiraga ahubwo bimufungurira inzira yo kuregera Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha.  Umukozi wa Leta ukurikiranweho amakosa y’imyitwarire utasubijwe ku bujurire bwe ku gihe cyangwa utanyuzwe n’igisubizo yahawe aregera Urukiko kugira ngo rusuzume ishingiro ry’ibyo avuga ndetse n’uwo asaba kubahiriza uburenganzira bwe yiregure, ibyo kandi ntibyakorerwa mu kirego cyatanzwe mu buryo bw’inyandiko nsobanurakirego gitanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe.

Amategeko yashingiweho: - Ingingo ya 1 y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. - Ingingo ya 178, igika cya 3 n’icya 5, y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. - Ingingo ya 70, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko no 017/2020 ryo ku wa 07/10/2020 rishyiraho Sitati Rusange igenga abakozi ba Leta. - Ingingo ya 72 y’Itegeko no 017/2020 ryo ku wa 07/10/2020 rishyiraho Sitati Rusange igenga abakozi ba Leta. - Ingingo ya 33 y’Iteka rya Perezida no 65/01 ryo ku wa 04/03/2014 rigena uburyo bwo gutanga ibihano ku bakozi ba leta bakoze amakosa mu kazi. - Ingingo ya 34 y’Iteka rya Perezida no 65/01 ryo ku wa 04/03/2014 rigena uburyo bwo gutanga ibihano ku bakozi ba Leta bakoze amakosa mu kazi.

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1. Ibyanditswe mu masezerano ni byo abayagiranye bagomba gukurikiza nk’itegeko kuri bo

Urubanza rwasuzumwe: Urubanza No RS/INJUST/RCOM 00004/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 10/02/2023 haburana Advance Material Trading Pte Ltd (AMT Ltd) na Gisande Trading Ltd, Niyigaba Ignace na Akingeneye Dally. Ibibazo byasuzumwe: - Kumenya niba umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/11/02/229 wakwandukurwa kuri ITS Ltd, ugasubizwa ku mazina ya Niyigaba Ignace na Akingeneye Dally, kugira ngo ushobore kwandikwa nk’ingwate ya AMT Ltd - Kumenya niba abaregwa bagomba gutegekwa kwishyura umwenda wasigara mu gihe ingwate zaba zigurishijwe ntihavemo ubwishyu bw’umwenda wose.

Inkomoko y’ikibazo: Advance Material Trading Pte Ltd (AMT Ltd) na Gisande Trading Ltd, ihagarariwe na Niyigaba Ignace, bakoranye ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu bihe bitandukanye, AMT Ltd igaha Gisande Trading Ltd amafaranga ikayigurira ndetse ikanayoherereza amabuye y’agaciro mu gihugu cya Singapore. Nyuma AMT Ltd yaje gusanga Gisande Trading Ltd iyigezemo umwenda wa 4,680,456 US$ ahwanye n’amabuye y’agaciro yagombaga kuba yarayoherereje ariko ntibikorwe. Nyuma yo kurebera hamwe uko iki kibazo cyakemuka, bakoranye andi masezerano, AMT Ltd yemera guha Gisande Trading Ltd 700,000 US$ yiyongera kuyo yari isanzwe iyifitiye, yose hamwe aba 5,380,456 US$, ashyirwa mu masezerano nk’inguzanyo AMT Ltd ihaye Gisande Trading Ltd, maze Niyigaba Ignace nk’Umuyobozi wayo, yishingiwe n’umugore we Akingeneye Dally, batanga ingwate ku mitungo yabo bwite igizwe n’amazu atatu ndetse n’ikigo cy’ishuri biherereye mu Karere ka Kayonza. Nyuma AMT Ltd yagiye kwandikisha ingwate yahawe, isanga zimwe zaratambamiwe na Rwanda Revenue Authority kubera imisoro, naho ikigo cy’ishuri kitacyanditswe ku bo bagiranye amasezerano ahubwo cyanditswe kuri sosiyete yitwa International Technical School of Kigali, Niyigaba Ignace na Akingeneye Dally babereye abanyamigabane.

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AMT Ltd yareze Gisande Trading Ltd n’abishingizi bayo mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi isaba ko bategekwa kuyisubiza ingwate bari bayihaye no kwishyura umwenda wasigara mu gihe ingwate zaba zigurishijwe ntihavemo ubwishyu bw’umwenda wose. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ikirego cya AMT Ltd nta shingiro gifite, kuko yagize uburangare bwo kwandikisha ingwate yahawe zakorewe ihererekanyamutungo ku mazina y’abandi bantu. AMT Ltd yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, rwemeza ko ubwo bujurire bufite ishingiro, rutegeka Gisande Trading Ltd n’abishingizi bayo gufatanya kwandikisha ingwate bahaye AMT Ltd mu masezerano y’inguzanyo, kandi mu gihe izo ngwate zaba zitabashije kwishyura umwenda wose AMT Ltd iberewemo, Gisande Trading Ltd n’abishingizi bayo bagafatanya kwishyura asigaye. Gisande Trading Ltd n’abishingizi bayo, bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, maze rwemeza ko batategekwa kwandikisha ingwate basezeranye na AMT Ltd mu gihe nayo itubahirije inshingano zayo ngo itange inguzanyo yemeye (700, 000 USD), kandi ko itanubahirije ibyo bemeranyije ko izakomeza gutera inkunga Gisande Trading Ltd nka mbere iyiha amafaranga hakurikije uko ibintu bizaba byifashe. Nyuma y’icyo cyemezo, AMT Ltd yatanze ikirego cy’akarengane ivuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko itubahirije amasezerano ko nayo nta nshingano igomba kubaza Gisande Trading, Niyigaba Ignace na Akingeneye Dally, rutesha agaciro amasezerano y’ubugwate yo ku wa 24/12/2018 kandi rutarabiregewe, ndetse rwemeza ko ingwate zitagomba kwandikishwa rwirengagije ko na mbere y’uko amasezerano akorwa Gisande Trading Ltd yari isanzwe iyifitiye umwenda ugera kuri 4,680,456 USD. Mu iburanisha hagobokeshejwe International Technical School of Kigali Ltd (ITS Ltd) kuko ari yo yanditsweho umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/11/02/229 uburanwa muri uru rubanza, hagobokeshwa kandi na KCB Bank Rwanda Plc ubu yahindutse BPR Bank Plc yahaweho na ITS Ltd umutungo uburanwa nk’ingwate. Urukiko rwasanze ingingo Gisande Trading Ltd n’abishingizi bayo baburanisha ko AMT Ltd itubahirije amasezerano bagiranye ku wa 24/12/2018 kuko itigeze itanga inguzanyo y’inyongera ya 700,000 USD, nta shingiro ifite hashingiwe ku bintu bibiri by’ingenzi: 1) kuba muri ayo masezerano bagiranye nta hantu banditse ko AMT Ltd izaha Gisande Trading Ltd inguzanyo y’inyongera ingana na 700,000 USD, ahubwo ko banditse ko

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Gisande Trading Ltd ibereyemo AMT Ltd umwenda wa 5,380,456 USD, akubiyemo 4,680,456 USD y’umwenda yari isanzwe iyibereyemo na 700,000 USD y’inguzanyo y’inyongera, bivuze rero ko basinye amasezerano Gisande Trading Ltd yaramaze kubona inguzanyo y’inyongera, cyane cyane ko n’inyandiko zohereza ayo 700,000 USD zigaragaza ko yaje mbere y’uko ayo masezerano asinywa; 2) kuba kuva baburana uhereye ku rwego rwa mbere ukageza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire aho urubanza rwapfundikiwe bwa mbere, Gisande Trading Ltd n’abishingizi bayo batarigeze baburanisha iyo ngingo ahubwo ko bavugaga gusa ko AMT Ltd itagaragaza amakosa bakoze yatumye ingwate itandikishwa muri RDB. Ku birebana n’ingingo Gisande Trading Ltd n’abishingizi bayo baburanisha ko AMT Ltd bari barayihaye uburenganzira bwo kwandikisha ingwate mu gihe Niyigaba Ignace na Akingeneye Dally bataboneka, kandi ko bo batari gushaka AMT Ltd ngo bandikishe ingwate yarabimye inguzanyo y’inyongera basezeranye, Urukiko rwasanze iyo miburanire nta shingiro ifite kuko ibimenyetso byarugaragarije ko kutandikisha ingwate byaturutse kuri Niyigaba Ignace na Akingeneye Dally bahise biyandukuzaho umutungo bari baratanzeho ingwate (umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/11/02/229) bawushyira kuri ITS Ltd, hatarashira amezi atatu (3) basinye amasezerano y’inguzanyo n’ingwate, byumvikana ko ibyo bitari gutuma AMT Ltd ikoresha uburenganzira ngo yandikishe iyo ngwate. Urukiko rwasanze kuba umutungo bari baratanzeho ingwate barawuhaye undi (ITS Ltd), barishe amasezerano kuko ingingo ya 2 n’iya 3 zayo zavugaga ko ingwate itazagurishwa cyangwa ngo itangweho ingwate ku wundi AMT Ltd itabitangiye uburenganzira, kandi ko Gisande Trading Ltd n’abishingizi bayo bazakora ibikenewe byose kugirango ingwate zandikishwe. Kuba ari bo byaturutseho kandi bishimangirwa n’imvugo ya Niyigaba Ignace mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire aho yavuze ko atari kwemera ko ingwate yandikishwa kandi AMT Ltd yaranze gutanga inguzanyo y’inyongera, nyamara nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru bakaba barasinye amasezerano AMT Ltd yaramaze gutanga iyo nguzanyo y’inyongera. Rwasanze kandi abaregwa bagomba kubahiriza amasezerano bagiranye na AMT Ltd ingwate bakayandukuza kuri ITS Ltd, igasubizwa ku mazina ya Niyigaba Ignace na Akingeneye Dally kugira ngo izashobore kwandikishwa nk’ingwate yahawe AMT Ltd.

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Urukiko rwanasanze abaregwa batategekwa kwishyura umwenda wasigara nyuma yo kugurisha ingwate kandi uwo mwenda utaramenyekana. Ingingo y’itegeko umurongo ushingiyeho: Ingingo ya 147 y’Itegeko nº 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, mu nteruro yayo ya mbere, iteganya ko Urukiko rushobora gutegeka uruhande rutubahirije cyangwa rugiye kwica amasezerano gukora igisabwa mu masezerano. Imirongo yatanzwe :  Kuba uberewemo umwenda atarandikisha ingwate muri RDB ku makosa y’uregwa, ubwabyo ntibimwambura uburenganzira bwe ku ngwate. Ahubwo harebwa icyo impande zombi zemeranyije mu masezerano zagiranye kandi zigomba kubahiriza.  Ntawe ushobora kwikuraho umutungo agamije kuburizamo amasezerano y’ubugwate, ngo ahindukire avuge ko atakiriho, yitwaje ko uwo abereyemo umwenda atatambamiye ihererekanya mutungo. Ahubwo ihererekanya mutungo ryakozwe muri ubwo buryo, niryo ridahabwa agaciro umutungo ukagarurwa mu maboko ya nyirawo  Amasezerano yakozwe ku mutungo ashingiye ku rubanza rwaje gukurwaho mu rwego rw’ubujurire, ateshwa agaciro kuko ibyemejwe muri urwo rubanza biba byavanyweho, ibintu bigasubira uko byari biri mbere y’icibwa ry’urwo rubanza.  Urukiko ntirushobora gutegeka uregwa kwishyura umwenda wasigara nyuma yo kugurisha ingwate, kandi uwo mwenda utaramenyekana.

2. Gutegeka banki gusubiza umukiliya amafaranga yakuwe kuri konti ye atabigizemo uruhare

Urubanza rwasuzumwe : Urubanza No RS/INJUST/RCOM 00014/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 31/03/2023, haburana Mugwaneza Carine Sandrine na Banki ya Kigali (BK Plc).

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Ibibazo byasuzumwe: - Kumenya niba BK Plc yategekwa gusubiza 11,500 USD na 310.000 Frw yabikujwe kuri konti za Mugwaneza Carine Sandrine, - Kumenya niba Mugwaneza Carine Sandrine yahabwa inyungu ziyakomokaho zibariwe ku gipimo cya 18% ku mwaka banki z’ubucuruzi zisanzwe zitangiraho inguzanyo - Kumenya niba hari indishyi zatangwa muri uru rubanza Inkomoko y’ikibazo: Mugwaneza Carine Sandrine avuga ko yasanze hari 310.000 Frw ndetse na 11,500 USD yavanywe kuri konti ye muri Bank of Kigali Plc atabizi, asabye iyo banki kumusubiza ayo mafaranga n’ayo madolari irabyanga ivuga ko yabikujwe hakoreshejwe ordre de paiement zatanzwe na Mugwaneza Carine Sandrine, kandi ko banki yagenzuye igasanga umukono wari uziriho nta nenge ufite. Mugwaneza Carine Sandrine yaregeye Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge. Mu rubanza no RCOM 00860/2016/TC/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 21/10/2016, urwo Rukiko rwasanze banki yarateshutse ku nshingano zayo zo kugira ubushishozi kuko amadolari yahawe uwitwa Sinayobye Siméon hashingiwe kuri ordre de paiement yari yibwe ndetse n’umukono wa nyirayo uriganwa, ibyo bikaba byaremejwe n’Urukiko mu rubanza shinjabyaha. Urukiko rwategetse banki kwishyura ayo madolari hiyongereyeho inyungu zayo zibariye kuri 15%. Naho ku bijyanye na 310.000 Frw, Urukiko rwasanze ibyo Mugwaneza Carine Sandrine atabitangira ibimenyetso. BK Plc yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ivuga ko itagombaga gutegekwa gusubiza Mugwaneza Carine Sandrine 11,500 USD yabikujwe kuri konti ye, ndetse ko idakwiye no gutegekwa kwishyura inyungu za 15%, isaba indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza nta mpamvu, naho Mugwaneza Carine Sandrine asaba Urukiko gushimangira ko Banki nk’umunyamwuga itubahirije inshingano zayo zo kurinda konti ze bituma yibwa 11,500 USD. Mu rubanza no RCOMA 00642/2016/CHC/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 06/01/2017, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze 11,500 USD yaribwe ku burangare bwa

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Mugwaneza Carine Sandrine wandaritse carnet d’ordres de paiement, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse mu ngingo zose. Mugwaneza Carine Sandrine yasabye ko urwo rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, hemezwa ko ruburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ku munsi w’iburanisha, ababuranyi bagiye impaka ku bibazo byo kumenya niba Urukiko rwategeka BK Plc gusubiza 11,500 USD na 310.000 Frw yabikujwe kuri konti za Mugwaneza Carine Sandrine, kumuha inyungu ziyakomokaho zibariwe ku gipimo cya 18% ku mwaka banki z’ubucuruzi zisanzwe zitangiraho inguzanyo no kumenya niba hari indishyi zatangwa muri uru rubanza. Urukiko rwasanze ikirego cya Mugwaneza Carine Sandrine gifite ishingiro kubera ko iyo banki yishyuye umuntu kubwo kwibeshya cyangwa uburangare igomba gusubiza umukiliya wayo amafaranga ye ikanayatangira n’indishyi. Ingingo z’amategeko umurongo ushingiyeho: Ingingo ya 2 y’Amabwiriza Rusange n° 07/2010 yo ku wa 27/12/2010 ya Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda yerekeye iyohererezanya koranabuhanga ry’amafaranga n’ihererekanya koranabuhanga ry’amafaranga yakoreshwaga muri 2015 ubwo amadolari n’amafaranga aburanwa yavanwaga kuri konti ya Mugwaneza Carine Sandrine, ivuga ko inyandiko isaba kwishyura (ordre de paiement) ari amabwiriza yo kwishyura akozwe n’uyohereje ku kigo kiyakira, byoherejwe mu mvugo, mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga cyangwa mu nyandiko, hagamijwe kwishyura cyangwa gutuma indi banki cyangwa ikigo gitanga serivisi zo kwishyurana ku bishyura uberewemo umwenda, amafaranga azwi cyangwa yagenwa. Ingingo ya 94, igika cya kabiri n’icya kane, y’Amabwiriza Rusange n° 55/2022 yo ku wa 27/10/2022 yerekeye kurengera umuguzi wa serivisi z’imari ivuga ku ndishyi ihabwa umuguzi wa servisi y’imari, igira iti: “Iyo uburangere bw’utanga serivisi y’imari buteje umuguzi wa serivisi y’imari igihombo cy’amafaranga, umuguzi wa serivisi y’imari aba afite uburenganzira bwo gusaba indishyi y’igihombo. Kubara indishyi bishingira kuri ibi bikurikira: 1° umubare w’amafaranga y’igihombo cyatewe n’uburangare; 2° ikiguzi cy’amahirwe yabuze kubera uburangare; 3° indishyi zishyuwe n’umuguzi wa serivisi y’imari niba zihari. Ibyo ari byo byose, igipimo cy’indishyi ntigishobora kujya munsi

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y’ikigereranyo cy’inyungu k’unguzanyo (taux moyen de prêt/ average lending rate) nk’uko cyatangajwe n’urwego rw’ubugenzuzi”. Imirongo yatanzwe :  Umukiliya wa banki afite inshingano zo kwita ku gatabo k’inyandiko isaba kwishyura cyangwa ubundi buryo ahabwa na banki bwatuma yishyura, ariko ibyo ntibivanaho inshingano y’ubushishozi kuri banki mbere y’uko yemeza ko ubwishyu bukorwa ;  Banki ifite inshingano zo kugenzura ko uburyo busaba kwishyura bwatanzwe n’umukiliya wayo koko ndetse no gusuzuma ko nta makosa yabaye mu gutanga ubutumwa busaba banki kwishyura ;  Iyo hari ikintu kitamenyerewe nk’uburyo ubutumwa busaba kwishyura bukozwemo cyangwa ingano y’amafaranga arenze cyane ayo umukiliya asanzwe asaba banki kumwishyurira, banki ifite inshingano yo gushaka amakuru ku mukiliya mbere yo kwishyura ibyo ubwo butumwa butegeka.  Iyo banki yishyuye umuntu ku bwo kwibeshya cyangwa uburangare, igomba gusubiza umukiliya wayo amafaranga ye ikanayatangira n’indishyi ;  Igipimo cy’indishyi zivuzwe zihabwa umuguzi wa serivisi z’imari ntigishobora kujya munsi y’ikigereranyo cy’inyungu ku nguzanyo (taux moyen de prêt/average lending rate) gitangazwa n’urwego rw’ubugenzuzi.  Igipimo gikwiye cy’inyungu z’ubukererwe kigenwa n’Urukiko mu bushishozi bwarwo. Izo nyungu ariko ntizigomba kurenga izikenewe mu gukosora ibyangijwe, ariko kandi zigomba kuba zihagije ku buryo zitanga isomo kugira ngo ibyatumye zitangwa bitazasubira, kandi inyungu z’ubukererwe ntizigomba kurenga ingano y’umwenda wishyuzwa.

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Imanza zaciwe zihuje umurongo - Urubanza No RCOMA 0171/12/CS, rwaciwe ku wa 03/01/2014, haburana I&M Bank Rwanda Plc na Coffee Business Center (CBC) Ltd; - Urubanza No RS/INJUST/RCOM 00001/2017/SC, rwaciwe ku wa 26/01/2018, haburana Sebahizi Jules na Equity Bank Rwanda Ltd; - Urubanza No RS/INJUST/RCOM 00006/2022/SC, rwaciwe ku wa 27/01/2023, haburana Banque Populaire du Rwanda Plc n’Akarere ka Nyamasheke; - Urubanza No RS/INJUST/RCOM 00006/2021/SC, rwaciwe ku wa 14/04/2023, haburana EDRMK na Banki y’abaturage (Ishami rya Kagano);

Imanza zaciwe mu mahanga:

- Central Nat. Bank of Richmond v. First & Merchants Nat. Bank..., 171 Va. 289 (1938). - Cairo Banking Co. v. West, 187 Ga. 666 (1939) - Re (II ZR 185/85), (1987) E.C.C. 254 (1985). - Sheila Michelle Stokes v. Commonwealth, 49 Va. App. 401 (2007).

Inyandiko z’abahanga: - Jérôme Lasserre Capdeville et les autres, Droit bancaire, Dalloz, Paris, 2021.

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1. Gukuraho ingingo ya 8, igika cya 2, iya 52 igika cya 3, iya 75 n’iya 76 (1o) z’Itegeko no 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 ryerekeye imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura zinyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga

Urubanza rwasuzumwe : Urubanza No RS/INCONST/SPEC 00004/2021/SC rwaciwe ku wa 10/02/2023, haburana Ngendahayo Kabuye, rwahamagawemo Leta y’u Rwanda. Ikibazo cyasuzumwe : Kumenya niba ingingo ya 8, igika cya 2, iya 52 igika cya 3, iya 75 n’iya 76 (1o) z’Itegeko nº 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 ryerekeye imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura zinyuranyije n’ingingo ya 15, iya 18 n’iya 34 z’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo ku wa 4/06/2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015. Imiterere y’ikibazo : Ngendahayo Kabuye yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga arusaba kwemeza ko ingingo ya 8, igika cya 2, iya 52, igika cya 3, iya 75 n’iya 76 (1o) z’Itegeko nº 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 ryerekeye imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura zinyuranyije n’ingingo ya 15, iya 18 n’iya 34 z'Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo ku wa 4/06/2003 nk’uko ryavuguruwe mu 2015. Yasobanuye ko iyo umwe mu bashyingiranywe apfuye, hakaboneka abandi bana abo babyeyi badahuriyeho ndetse n’abandi bazungura muri rusange, umubyeyi usigaye yishingikiriza izo ngingo maze akikubira imitungo wenyine, akigizayo abo bazungura cyane cyane iyo atabafiteho inshingano zo kubarera. Avuga ko hari n’igihe aba afite izo nshingano ariko ntazuzuze nk’uko bikwiriye, bigateza amakimbirane mu muryango ndetse hakavuka imanza za hato na hato, ko kandi muri izo manza abo bazungura bagiye batsindwa, umupfakazi akikubira umutungo wenyine, bikaba binyuranyije n’ihame ry’uko abantu bose bareshya imbere y’amategeko riteganywa n’ingingo ya 15 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda. Yasobanuye kandi ko ingingo zavuzwe haruguru zinyuranyije n’ingingo ya 18 y'Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda iteganya ko umuryango ari wo shingiro kamere y’imbaga y’Abanyarwanda ukaba ugomba kurengerwa na Leta. Avuga ko ingingo aregera

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ko zinyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga zateje amakimbirane y’urudaca mu muryango aho kuwurengera kuko ziha uburenganzira bw’umurengera umupfakazi bwo kugumana umutungo wose, izungura rikazaba ari uko apfuye cyangwa yongeye gushaka kandi akanemererwa kuzungura nyakwigendera. Akavuga ko ayo makimbirane ashobora no kuba intandaro y’ibindi byaha bikomeye nk’ubwicanyi. Yasoje avuga ko ingingo zavuzwe haruguru zinyuranyije n’ingingo ya 34 y'Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda, kubera ko uwapfakaye ahabwa uburenganzira bwo kwikubira umutungo wenyine yitwaje ko yasezeranye ivangamutungo rusange, hakirengagizwa uburenganzira bw'abandi bazungura b'uwapfuye cyane cyane abana batabyawe n'uwapfakaye kandi kuzungura ari uguhabwa uburenganzira n’inshingano ku mutungo n’imyenda by’uwapfuye, bityo kwambura bamwe uburenganzira bwo kuzungura, akaba ari ukubambura uburenganzira ku mutungo kandi kuzungura ari bumwe mu burenganzira bw’ibanze. Urukiko rwasanze Itegeko nº 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 mu ngingo zaregewe, ryaraje kurengera by’umwihariko uwapfakaye, rimuha itandukaniro n’abandi bazungura, kuko aba yabuze uwo bari bafatanyije urugo, bari banasangiye inshingano zarwo, nyamara akaba agomba kuzikomeza wenyine, runasanga uwapfakaye adakwiye kugereranywa n’abandi bazungura, kuko we aba yaragize uruhare mu gushaka umutungo w’urwo rugo, mu gihe abandi nta ruhare baba barabigizemo. Rwasanze kuba Leta yarashyizeho ingingo zaregewe, igamije kurengera by’umwihariko umupfakazi, yari ifite impamvu yumvikana kandi ishingiye ku ntego ifite ireme, n’uburyo yakoresheje bukaba bujyanye n’intego yari ifite; bityo ko nta vangura abandi bazungura bakorewe kuko icyari gutera ivangura ari uko abo bazungura bandi baba barambuwe uburenganzira bwo kuzazungura, kandi akaba atari ko bimeze mu Itegeko nº 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 ryavuzwe haruguru. Urukiko rwasanze kandi kuba Itegeko nº 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 ryarateganyije ko uwapfakaye asigarana umutungo wose, izungura rigatangira iyo yongeye gushaka cyangwa apfuye, rikanateganya ingano y’umutungo atemerewe gutanga cyangwa kuraga kuko uba ugenewe abazungura bazigamirwa (réserve successorale) n’ibihano k‘uwapfakaye utuzuza inshingano yahawe zo kurera abana yasigiwe na nyakwigendera,

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byose bigamije gukumira no kugabanya amakimbirane yajyaga avuka ashingiye ku izungura, mu rwego rwo kurengera ubumwe n’ubusugire bw‘umuryango n’abawugize. Urukiko rushingiye kandi ku kuba uburenganzira bw’abazungura busobanuka neza nyuma y’uko izungura ritangiye, ari nabwo hamenyekana abazungura nyakuri n‘uburyo bazakurikirana nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 75 y’Itegeko nº 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 ryerekeye imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura, rwasanze imvugo ya Ngendahayo Kabuye y’uko kuba umutungo uzungurwa wikubirwa n’uwapfakaye wenyine kubera ko izungura ry’abashyingiranywe ritangira ari uko bombi bapfuye cyangwa uwapfakaye yongeye gushyingirwa, no kuba uwapfakaye yarahawe uburenganzira bwo kuzungura nyakwigendera, binyuranyije n’ihame ryo kugira uburenganzira ku mutungo, nta shingiro ifite. Urukiko rwemeje ko ingingo ya 8, igika cya 2, iya 52, igika cya 3, iya 75 n’iya 76 (1o ) z’Itegeko nº 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 ryerekeye imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura zitanyuranyije n’ingingo ya 15, iya 18 n’iya 34 z'Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo ku wa 4/06/2003 nk’uko ryavuguruwe mu 2015 ariko rugira inama Leta yo kurushaho kunoza ibikubiye muri izo ngingo, hakongerwamo izindi ngamba zigamije kurinda no kubungabunga 50% by‘umutungo uwapfakaye asigarana nyuma y’urupfu rw’uwo bashakanye, kugeza igihe izungura rizatangirira. Ingingo z’amategeko umurongo ushingiyeho : Ingingo ya 8, igika cya 2, iya 52 igika cya 3, iya 75 n’iya 76 (1o) z’Itegeko nº 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 ryerekeye imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura. Ingingo ya 15, iya 18 n’iya 34 z’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo ku wa 4/06/2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015.

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Imirongo yatanzwe:

 Ihame ryo kureshya imbere y’amategeko rivuga ko, abantu bari mu bihe cyangwa mu byiciro bimwe bagomba gufatwa kimwe, iyo badafashwe kimwe byitwa ivangura. Icyakora Leta ishobora gutandukanya abantu cyangwa ibyiciro by’abantu ntibyitwe ivangura mu gihe hari impamvu yumvikana, ifite ireme, ikurikije amategeko, kandi igamije inyungu rusange z’abaturage.

 Kuba Umushingamategeko yarashyizeho ingingo ya 8, igika cya 2 n’iya 76 (1˚) z’Itegeko nº 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 ryerekeye imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura, hagamijwe kurengera by’umwihariko umupfakazi, ntibikwiye kwitwa ko abandi bazungura bakorewe ivangura kuko uwapfakaye aba yabuze uwo bari bafatanyije urugo, bari banasangiye inshingano zarwo, kandi agomba kuzikomeza wenyine cyane cyane ko aba yaragize uruhare mu gushaka umutungo w’urwo rugo, mu gihe abandi bazungura nta ruhare baba barabigizemo.

 Kuba uwapfakaye asigarana umutungo wose, izungura rigatangira ari uko yongeye gushaka cyangwa apfuye, itegeko rikaba ryarateganyije ingano y’umutungo atemerewe gutanga cyangwa kuraga kuko uba ugenewe abazungura bazigamirwa (réserve successorale) n’ibihano k‘uwapfakaye utuzuza inshingano yahawe zo kurera abana yasigiwe na nyakwigendera, ibyo byose bigamije gukumira no kugabanya amakimbirane avuka ashingiye ku izungura, mu rwego rwo kurengera ubumwe n’ubusugire bw‘umuryango n’abawugize.

 Kuba umushingamategeko yaravuze ko izungura ry’abashyingiranywe ritangira ari uko bombi bapfuye cyangwa uwapfakaye yongeye gushyingirwa, no kuba uwapfakaye yarahawe uburenganzira bwo kuzungura nyakwigendera, ntibinyuranyije n’ihame ryo kugira uburenganzira ku mutungo.

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 Ihame ryo kugira uburenganzira ku mutungo rivuga ko umutungo bwite w’umuntu cyangwa uwo asangiye n’abandi utavogerwa, ibyo bikaba bigarukira ku mutungo umuntu atunze gusa kuko itegeko ritarengera uburenganzira butarabaho, kandi umuntu akaba adashobora kwemeza ko afite uburenganzira ku mutungo atarabona.

Izindi manza bihuje umurongo ku bijyanye n’ihame ryo kureshya imbere y’amategeko no kutavangura: - RS/SPEC/0002/15/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 09/09/2015 haburana Democratic Green Party of Rwanda, - RS/SPEC/0001/16/CS, rwaciwe ku wa 23/09/2016, haburana Akagera Business Group, igika cya 29. - RS/INCONST/SPEC 00001/2019/SC, rwaciwe ku wa 29/11/2019, haburana Murangwa Edward - RS/INCONST/PEN 0005/12/CS, rwaciwe ku wa 22/02/2013, haburana Uwinkindi Jean

2. Gukuraho igika cya 4 cy’ingingo ya 197 y'Itegeko no 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha inyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga

Urubanza rwasuzumwe: Urubanza No RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 31/03/2023, haburana Kamanzi Anaclet, rwahamagawemo Leta y’u Rwanda. Ikibazo cyasuzumwe: Kumenya niba Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwakuraho igika cya nyuma (cya 4) cy’ingingo ya 197 y'Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha kuko kinyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga. Imiterere y’ikibazo: Kamanzi Anaclet yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga arusaba kwemeza ko igika cya 4 cy’ingingo ya 197 y'Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye

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imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha kinyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Rupubulika y’u Rwanda mu ngingo zaryo, iya 15, iya 16 n’iya 29. Yasobanuye ko kuba igika kimaze kuvugwa giteganya ko abakatiwe n’Inkiko Gacaca bemererwa gusubirishamo imanza zabo ingingo nshya iyo berekanye ko abo bashinjwaga kwica bakiriho gusa, ari ivangura ribakorerwa, kandi ko itegeko ritabareshyeshya n’abandi kubera ko abakatiwe n’inkiko zisanzwe bo hari izindi mpamvu zateganyijwe n’itegeko bashobora gushingiraho basaba gusubirishamo imanza zabo ingingo nshya. Yavugaga kandi ko kuba yarabonye ibimenyetso byatuma asubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza yaciriwe n’Urukiko Gacaca ariko itegeko rikamuzitira, ibyo bibangamira ubutabera buboneye yemererwa n’Itegeko Nshinga kuko adashobora kugaragaza akarengane ke. Urukiko rushingiye ku kuba gufata abantu mu buryo butandukanye bikozwe hari impamvu igaragara kandi yumvikana binagamije intego yemewe, bigakorwa mu buryo bufitanye isano n’ikigamijwe kugerwaho, byemewe. Rwasanze abakurikiranyweho icyaha cya Jenoside n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu barashyizwe mu cyiciro cyihariye bashyirirwaho n’Inkiko zihariye zababuranishije mu buryo bwihariye hakurikijwe intego yari igamijwe kugerwaho no kuba mu miburanire yabo itandukanye n’iy’abakurikiranwaho ibyaha bisanzwe hari ibyo batemerewe byemererwa abandi bitewe n’uburyo icyaha cya Jenoside bakurikiyanyweho cyakozwemo, atari ivangura ribakorerwa cyangwa kutareshya n’abandi imbere y’amategeko kubera ko bagize icyiciro cyihariye, rwanzura ko igika cya 4 cy’ingingo ya 197 y'Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru kitanyuranyije n’ingingo ya 15 n’iya 16 z’Itegeko Nshinga. Urukiko rwanasanze abakatiwe n’Inkiko Gacaca mu migendekere y’imanza zabo nta burenganzira na bumwe mu buteganywa n’ingingo ya 29 y’Itegeko Nshinga kimwe n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga batabonye. Rwasanze kandi igika cya 4 cy’ingingo ya 197 y'Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru uwatanze ikirego anenga, nta na hamwe ibuza cyangwa ngo ibangamire uburenganzira ukurikiranyweho icyaha cya Jenoside afite mu migenderekere y’urubanza rwe, rwanzura ko icyo gika ntaho kinyuranyije n’ingingo ya 29 y’Itegeko Nshinga.

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Ingingo z’itegeko umurongo ushingiyeho: Igika cya 4 cy’ingingo ya 197 y'Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha Ingingo ya 15, iya 16 n’iya 29 z’Itegeko Nshinga rya Rupubulika y’u Rwanda.

Umurongo watanzwe:

 Kuba abakurikiranyweho icyaha cya Jenoside n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu barashyizwe mu cyiciro cyihariye gitandukanye n’icy’abakurikiranyweho ibyaha bisanzwe ndetse bakaba barashyiriweho n’Inkiko zihariye ndetse zikaba zarababuranishije mu buryo bwihariye hakurikijwe intego yari igamijwe kugerwaho, ntibyakwitwa ivangura ribakorerwa cyangwa kutareshya n’abandi imbere y’amategeko cyangwa kubangamira ihame ry’ubutabera buboneye, kuko gufata abantu mu buryo butandukanye bikozwe hari impamvu igaragara kandi yumvikana binagamije intego yemewe, bigakorwa mu buryo bufitanye isano n’ikigamijwe kugerwaho, byemewe.

Izindi manza bihuje umurongo: - RS/INCONST/SPEC 00004/2021/SC rwaciwe ku itariki ya 10/02/2023 haburana Ngendahayo Kabuye, - RS/INCONST/PEN/0001/13/CS, rwaciwe ku itariki ya 04/10/2013, haburana Bimenyimana André, - RS/SPEC/0002/15/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 09/09/2015 haburana Democratic Green Party of Rwanda, - RS/SPEC/0001/16/CS, rwaciwe ku itariki ya 23/09/2016, haburana Akagera Business Group, - RS/INCONST/SPEC 00001/2019/SC, rwaciwe ku wa 29/11/2019, haburana Murangwa Edward, - RS/INCONST/PEN 0005/12/CS, rwaciwe ku wa 22/02/2013, haburana Uwinkindi Jean.

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1. Abakozi b’imirimo idashingiye ku masezerano yanditse

Urubanza rwasuzumwe: Urubanza No RS/INJUST/RSOC 00006/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 14/04/2023, haburana Hayton Ltd na Nsengiyumva Ismaël.

Ibibazo byasuzumwe: - Kumenya niba Nsengiyumva Ismaël yarirukanywe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, akaba agomba kubiherwa indishyi; - Kumenya niba Hayton Ltd yategekwa kumwishyurira imisanzu ya RSSB; Imvano y’ikibazo: Rwanda Biomedical Center (RBC) yakoranye na Hayton Ltd amasezerano y’ubwikorezi nº 068/NCS/NCB/2013-2014/RBC ku itariki ya 09/09/2014. Hayton Ltd yagombaga gushaka abantu (manpower) bo gupakira no gupakurura amakarito y’imiti n’ibindi bikoresho bigenda bishyirwa ahantu hatandukanye mu gihugu RBC yabaga yifuje kubigeza. Ni muri urwo rwego Hayton Ltd yashatse abantu barimo Nsengiyumva Ismaël bo kuyifasha muri iki gikorwa, ariko imukoresha nta masezerano y’akazi yanditse kuva mu mwaka wa 2014 kugera muri Kanama 2017, igihe Nsengiyumva Ismaël avuga ko yageze aho asanzwe akorera akabwirwa ko nta kazi gahari. Nyuma y’uko agejeje ikibazo cye mu Bugenzuzi bw’Umurimo ntibigire icyo bitanga, yaregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, rwemeza ko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite kuko yari nyakabyizi, bityo akaba atarahagaritswe mu kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, rutegeka ko nta ndishyi izo arizo zose zigomba gutangwa, ko n’amagarama Nsengiyumva Ismaël yatanze arega ahwanye n’ibyarukozwemo. Nsengiyumva Ismaël yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ruca urubanza n° RSOCA 00013/2019/HC/RWG, rwemeza ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite, rutegeka ko nta ndishyi zatangwa kuko impande zombi hari ibyo zitubahirije. Nsengiyumva Ismaël yasabye ko urwo rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, hemezwa ko ruburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ku munsi w’iburanisha,

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hasuzumwa niba Nsengiyumva Ismaël yarirukanywe ku kazi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko kandi nta masezerano y’akazi afite, Urukiko rusanga n’ubwo umukozi nta masezerano yanditse yaba afitanye n’umukoresha we, ariko amaze nibura igihe kigeze ku mezi atandatu yikurikiranye amukorera mu buryo buhoraho, agomba gufatwa nk’umukozi ugengwa n’amasezerano kuko bihita byumvikana ko bayafitanye ariko atanditse. Kugira ngo byemezwe ariko, umukozi uvuga ko agomba gufatwa muri ubwo buryo, agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso byerekana ko yakoze koko mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu mu buryo buhoraho. Uko byagenda kose, buri mukozi agomba gutangirwa imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize kabone n’ubwo yaba akora mu buryo bw’imirimo idashingiye ku masezerano y’akazi yanditse (secteur informel) cyangwa akora imirimo y’igihe gito.

Ingingo z’amategeko imirongo ishingiyeho: - Ingingo ya 1, agace ka 33, y’Itegeko nº 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakurikizwaga ubwo Nsengiyumva Ismaël yakoreraga Hayton Ltd, - Ingingo ya 15, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko nº 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda. - Ingingo ya 2, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko n° 06/2003 ryo ku wa 22/03/2003 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko-Teka ryo ku wa 22/08/1974 rigena ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi. Imirongo yatanzwe:

 Ntawe ushobora kuregera ko yirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko atabanje kugaragaza ko yari umukozi mu buryo bukurikije amategeko;  Buri mukozi wese agomba gutangirwa imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize kabone n’ubwo yaba akora mu buryo bw’imirimo idashingiye ku masezerano y’akazi yanditse cyangwa mu gihe yaba akora imirimo igihe gito.

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Izindi manza bihuje umurongo: - RS/INJUST/RSOC 00003/2022/SC, rwaciwe ku wa 14/04/2023, haburana Hayton Ltd na Tuyisenge Pascal, - RS/INJUST/RSOC 00005/2022/SC, rwaciwe ku wa 14/04/2023, haburana Nayituriki Redemptus na Hayton Ltd , - RS/INJUST/RSOC 00007/2022/SC, rwaciwe ku wa 14/04/2023, haburana Hayton Ltd na Hategekimana Bonaventure - RS/INJUST/RSOC 00008/2022/SC, rwaciwe ku wa 14/04/2023, haburana Hayton Ltd na Uwizeyimana Naphtal

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UMWANZURO

Kugira ngo intego yo guhuriza hamwe iyi mirongo igerweho, abagana inkiko n’abatanga ubutabera (Abacamanza, Abashakashatsi n’Abanditsi b’inkiko…) bakwiye kujya bayifashisha mu gihe cyose batanga cyangwa basuzuma ibirego bihuje imiterere n’ibyatanzweho umurongo.

Kubera ko umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko ushobora guhinduka bitewe n’impamvu zitandukanye, abifuza kwifashisha imirongo yatanzwe n’Urukiko bakwiye kujya bihatira kumenya ibyemezo by’inkiko uko byagiye bikurikirana, kugira ngo binabafashe kumenya impinduka zabaye ku mirongo yagiye itangwa mbere.