NYIRAMUGWERA v NYIRANGANIZI N’ABANDI

# NYIRAMUGWERA v NYIRANGANIZI N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-07-05 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00013/2021/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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NYIRAMUGWERA v NYIRANGANIZI N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA - RS/INJUST/RC 00013/2021/SC (Ntezilyayo, P.J., Mukamulisa, Hitiyaremye, Cyanzayire, Kazungu, J.) 05 Nyakanga 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Ubushyingiranwe - Ubushyingiranwe bwabayeho mbere y'uko hashyirwaho Itegeko Nshinga ryo ku wa 24/11/1962 bufatwa kimwe nk'ubwakorewe imbere y'umwanditsi w'irangamimerere. Incamake y’ikibazo: Munyampeta yari yarashakanye n’abagore batanu harimo uwitwa Nyiramugwera bashakanye mu 1961. Nyuma yaje gupfa asigira umuhungu we witwa Ntirivamunda ububasha bwo gucunga imitungo yari afite ariko na we ntiyakomeza gutura mu Rwanda, imitungo isigara icungwa n’umwe mu bagore ba Munyampeta witwa Nyiranganizi wari umugore muto. Abakomoka kuri Munyampeta ndetse n’abagore be baje kuregera kugabana iyo mitungo hanagobokeshwa n’abandi benshi barimo na n’uwitwa Nzagezahe1, maze hemezwa ko iyo mitungo igabanwa aho ½ cyahawe Nyiranganizi kuko yari umugore w’isezerano, ikindi ½ kigabanwa ku buryo bungana abazungura bose ba nyakwigendera. Nyiramugwera, umwe mu bagore ba nyakwigendera, yasubirishijemo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane ruhabwa Urukiko rw’Ikirenga hatangwa inzitizi ko nta bubasha urega afite, hacibwa urubanza rubanziriza urundi hasuzumwa niba Nyiramugwera Zilipa ari umugore w’isezerano wa Munyampeta. Abaregwa bavuga ko Nyiramugwera atigeze asezerana mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko na Munyampeta kuko nubwo bashakanye, yari inshoreke kandi amategeko mu bihe bitandukanye, akaba yarakuyeho uguhsyingirwa gushingiye ku muco dore ko n’icyemezo cyo gushyingirwa Nyiramugwera yatanze cyaje guteshwa agaciro n’urukiko bityo ko adakwiriye kugira uruhare mu kuzungura umutungo wasizwe na Munyampeta. Nyiramugwera we asobanura ko yashakanye na Munyampeta mu 1961 ndetse banasezerana imbere y’ubuyobozi nk’uko bigaragazwa n’icyemezo cy’ishyingirwa agaragaza bityo ko afite uburenganzira bwo kuzungura imitungo yasizwe n’umugabo we Munyampeta. Incamake y’icyemezo: Ubushyingiranwe bwabayeho mbere y'uko hashyirwaho Itegeko Nshinga ryo ku wa 24/11/1962 bufatwa kimwe nk'ubwakorewe imbere y'umwanditsi w'irangamimerere bityo umugore wo mu buharike washyingiwe mbere y’icyo gihe, afite uburenganzira ku mutungo wasizwe n'umugabo we, bungana n’ubw’umugore wasezeranye imbere y'umwanditsi w'irangamimerere. Ikirego gifite ishingiro; Nyiramugwera afite uburenganzira ku mitungo ya Munyampeta. Nta mategeko yashingiweho

1 Me Mbarushinıono Dominique yavuze ko uwitwa Barakagira yapfuye aril‹o al‹aba yarasizc umugore we witwa Nzagezahe, ibi bikaba byaravuzwe na Munyankusi Theophile wari mu l›agobokeshejwe muri uru rubanza akaba ari n'umukwe wa Barakagira na Nzagezahe.

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Imanza zifashishijwe: RCAA 0069/12/CS, Murengeramanzi Claver na Mukarurangwa Colette, rwaciwe n'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga ku wa 4/4/2014. Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: C.Ntampaka et K. Rigaux, la Filiation en Droit Rwandais: Etude de Droit Africain Comparé. Musée royal de I' Afrique Centrale, 2001, p.54-55; J. Bucyana, Problématigue de la coutume inkwano ou Rwanda: approche juridique. Revue juridique du Rwanda, 1982, vol. 6, N° 3-4, p. 283; F. Ngango, La Cour de Cassation fait triompher la coutume sur la Constitution et les Los. Revue juiridique du Rwanda, 1982, vol. VI, N° 2, p. 177; E. DIRIX, Les successions des polygames. Revue juridigue du Rwanda, 1979, vol. 3, N° 4, p. 455-456. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mbere y’uko Munyampeta Gaspard apfa ku wa 13/07/1993, yari yarabanye n’abagore 5, babyarana abana mu buryo bukurira: a. Mu 1947, Munyampeta Gaspard yashakanye na Nyiraburanga (+), babyarana abana babiri aribo Ntawumenyumwanzi Augustin (+) na Simpunga Appolinaire (+). Mbere y’uko Ntawumenyumwanzi Augustin apfa, yari yarashakanye na Mukarubega Léonille, babyarana abana 5 aribo Umukumburwa Alice, Bimenyimana Alain Robert, Akizanye Alaine, Umuhoza Aimé na Nduwawe Ange. Simpunga Appolinaire nawe mbere y’urupfu rwe yari yarashakanye na Mukamusonera, babyarana abana 2 aribo Ndahiriwe Diogène na Sibomana Dominique; b. Mu 1950, Munyampeta Gaspard yashakanye na Cyurinyana Mélanie (+), babyarana abana 3 aribo Ntirivamunda Alphonse, Bugenimana Anastasie na Mukadariya Alodie. Bugenimana Anastasie yapfuye asize abana 5, aribo Mukantwali Béatrice, Umutoni Jeanine, Umuhoza Françoise, Nshimiyimana Jean Kizito na Niyigena Pascal; c. Mu 1961, Munyampeta Gaspard yashakanye na Nyiramugwera Zilipa, babyarana abana batatu (3), babiri (2) muri bo barapfa, hasigara uwitwa Hakizimana Emmanuel; d. Mu 1976, Munyampeta Gaspard yasezeranye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko na Murekatete Caritas, ariko nyuma baza gutandukanywa n’Urukiko (divorce). Babyaranye abana 3 aribo Mukayiranga Diane, Umumararungu Sylvie na Munyampeta Remy; e. Mu 1988, Munyampeta Gaspard yasezeranye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko na Nyiranganizi Félicité, bahitamo uburyo bw’ivangamutungo rusange, babyarana abana 2, aribo Munyampeta Clémence na Munyampeta Freeson. [2] Nyuma y’urupfu rwa Munyampeta Gaspard, umutungo we wasigaye ucunzwe n’umuhungu we witwa Ntirivamunda Alphonse kuko ari we wari warahawe ubwo bubasha.

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Ntirivamunda Alphonse yaje kujya gutura mu mahanga, maze imitungo yacungaga ikomeza gucungwa n’umugore muto wa Munyampeta Gaspard ariwe Nyiranganizi Félicité. [3] Nyiramugwera Zilipa n’umuhungu we Hakizimana Emmanuel bareze Nyiranganizi Félicité mu Rukiko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa Kigali kwikubira imitungo yose ya Munyampeta Gaspard yitwaje ko ari we mugore w’isezerano, nyamara icyemezo cy’ubushyingiranwe yagaragaje ari igihimbano. Mu gihe urwo rubanza rwari rutaracibwa, Nyiramugwera Zilipa na Hakizimana Emmanuel batanze ikirego kihutirwa basaba guhabwa aho kuba ndetse n’ibibatunga, ikirego cyandikwa kuri no RC 33270/2000. Mu cyemezo No 357/NDE/2000, Urukiko rwemeje ko ibyo basaba batabyemerewe, rutegeka ko imitungo yose ya Munyampeta Gaspard icungwa na Nyiranganizi Félicité kuko ari we mugore w’isezerano. [4] Nyiramugwera Zilipa na Hakizimana Emmanuel bajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire rwa Kigali, ubujurire buhabwa No 13196/Kig. Ku wa 07/05/2001, urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cyabo kihutirwa gifite ishingiro, rwemeza ko abajuriye bahawe by’agateganyo inzu No 396 iri ahitwa kuri Karisimbi hafi yo kuri Athénée, rutegeka kandi ko Hakizimana Emmanuel ahabwa ububasha bwo gukurikirana imicungire y’umutungo wose wasizwe na se Munyampeta Gaspard. [5] Nyiranganizi Félicité yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rusesa Imanza, ikirego cyandikwa kuri No R.C.P 120. Urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cya Nyiranganizi Félicité gifite ishingiro, rwemeza ko irangizwa ry’icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwa Kigali riba risubitswe. Nyuma y’uko hafashwe icyo cyemezo cy’agateganyo, hategerejwe ko urubanza rucibwa mu mizi, mu mwaka wa 2004 habaye amavugurura mu Rwego rw’Ubucamanza, urubanza rwoherezwa mu Rukiko Rukuru rwa Repubulika, narwo rwemeza ko icyemezo No 357/NDE/2000 cyafashwe n’Urukiko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa Kigali ndetse n’icyafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwa Kigali, byombi bivanyweho kuko Urukiko rwinjiye mu rubanza rw’iremezo kandi rutaracibwa, ubwo rwemezaga ko Nyiramugwera Zilipa n’umuhungu we Hakizimana Emmanuel bacunga by’agateganyo inzu no 396 iri ahitwa kuri Karisimbi hafi yo kuri Athénée. [6] Nyuma y’icyo cyemezo, mu bihe bitandukanye abagore, abana, n’abuzukuru ba Munyampeta Gaspard baregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge mu buryo bukurikira: a. Bimenyimana Alain Robert, Akizanye Alaine na Umukumburwa Alice, uyu wari unahagarariye Umuhoza Aimé na Nduwawe Ange kuko bari bakiri bato, batanze ikirego ntawe barega (d’office), urubanza rwandikwa kuri No RC 0166/10/TGI/NYAGE, basaba guhabwa uruhare rwabo ku mutungo wasizwe na sekuru Munyampeta Gaspard, ugizwe n’inzu za étages zifite agaciro kari hagati ya 400.000.000 Frw na 500.000.000 Frw. Muri urwo rubanza hagobotse ku bushake Mukantwali Béatrice, Umutoni Jeanine, Umuhoza Françoise, Nshimiyimana Jean Kizito, Niyigena Pascal, Mukadariya Alodie, Ntirivamunda Alphonse, Mukamusonera Béatrice, Ndahiriwe Diogène na Sibomana Dominique. Hagobokeshejwe kandi Nyiranganizi Félicité, Munyampeta Clémence, Munyampeta Freeson, Nyiramugwera Zilipa ndetse na Hakizimana Emmanuel. b. Nyiranganizi Félicité yareze Nyiramugwera Zilipa na Hakizimana Emmanuel, ikirego cyandikwa kuri no RC 0730/10/TGI/NYGE. Yasabaga Urukiko gutegeka ko bagabana umutungo bahuriyeho ufite agaciro karenga 100.000.000 Frw ndetse rukanategeka ko bava muri indivision, buri rugo rukagira umutungo warwo rwigengaho.

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Nyiranganizi Félicité asobanura ko umutungo asaba ko ugabwanywa ugizwe n’inzu ziri mu bibanza no 1020 na no 396 biherereye muri quartier commercial, mu Mujyi wa Kigali, inzu y’ubucuruzi iri mu centre commercial Byangabo mu Karere ka Nyabihu, imirima 2 y’urutoki, umurima uteyemo ishyamba ndetse n’uwahozemo urusasa byose biri mu Karere ka Musanze. Avuga kandi ko kuba yari yarasezeranye na Munyampeta Gaspard, bagahitamo uburyo bw’ivangamutungo rusange, asanga umutungo bahuriyeho bose wagabanywa maze agahabwa ½ cyawo, ikindi ½ kigahabwa abana ba Munyampeta Gaspard bose. c. Mukayiranga Diane, Umumararungu Sylvie na Munyampeta Remy (abana ba Munyampeta Gaspard) bareze Nyiranganizi Félicité, Nyiramugwera Zilipa na Hakizimana Emmanuel, ikirego cyandikwa kuri No RC 0425/11/TGI/NYGE. Basabaga Urukiko ko rwabagabanya umutungo basigiwe na Se Munyampeta Gaspard. Abarega bavuga ko umutungo basaba ko ugabanywa ugizwe n’inzu y’iduka iri mu kibanza No 396, inzu y’igorofa iri mu kibanza No 1020, inzu iri mu kibanza No 55 giherereye i Nyamirambo, inzu iri i Mutobo-Ruhengeri, amafaranga yavuye mu bukode bw’izo nzu kuva mu 1995, ikibanza kiri i Nyarutarama gifite No 4674, ikibanza kiri mu Byangabo, amasambu biherereye mu Karere ka Musanze, ndetse n’amafaranga ari ku makonti harimo n’ayo yishyuwe na SONARWA. [7] Ku wa 25/07/2011, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwasanze hari ubusobekerane hagati y’imanza No RC 0166/10/TGI/NYGE, No RC 0730/10/TGI/NYGE na No RC 0425/11/TGI/NYGE kuko zitaburanishirijwe hamwe, icyemezo cyafatwa kuri rumwe gishobora kugira ingaruka ku rundi, rwanzura ko zihuzwa zikaburanishirizwa mu rubanza rumwe. [8] Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwabanje gusuzuma inzitizi ijyanye no kumenya niba ukugoboka ku bushake kwa Mukamusonera Béatrice gukwiye kwemerwa, maze ku wa 04/05/2012, rufata icyemezo mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi, rwemeza ko ukugoboka ku bushake kwe kutakiriwe, kuko ikiburanwa ari ukugabana umutungo wasizwe na Munyampeta Gaspard, bityo ko hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 662 y’Itegeko No 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryuzuza igitabo cya 1 cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano kandi rishyiraho igice cya V cyerekeye imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura, umugore wa Simpunga Appolinaire ntaho itegeko rimwemerera kuba yaregera kugabana umutungo wasizwe na sebukwe. [9] Mu rubanza No RC 0166/10/TGI/NYGE - RC 0730/10/TGI/NYGE – RC 0425/11/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 11/10/2013, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwasanze: i. Hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 70, agace ka 4 n’aka 7, y’Itegeko No 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryavuzwe haruguru ndetse no kuba Nyiranganizi Félicité yarasezeranye imbere y’amategeko na Munyampeta Gaspard kandi bagahitamo uburyo bw’ivangamutungo rusange, agomba guhabwa ½ cy’umutungo wasizwe n’umugabo we, ikindi ½ gisigaye

2 Iyo ngingo yateganyaga ko “mu masezerano y'Ivanguramutungo, abazungura bakurikiza urutonde rukurikira: 1. abana ba nyakwigendera; 2. se na nyina ba nyakwigendera; 3. abavandimwe ba nyakwigendera basangiye se na nyina; 4. abavandimwe ba nyakwigendera basangiye umubyeyi umwe; 5. ba se wabo, ba nyirasenge, ba nyirarume na ba nyina wabo ba nyakwigendera. Usibye se na nyina ba nyakwigendera, abazungura bapfuye mbere ya nyakwigendera bahagararirwa mu izungura n'ababakomokaho”.

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kikazungurwa ku buryo bungana n’abana bose basizwe na Nyakwigendera, abatakiriho bagahagararirwa n’ababakomokaho; ii. Hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 50 n’iya 66 z’Itegeko No 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryavuzwe haruguru, abana bose Munyampeta Gaspard yabyaye bafite uburenganzira ku mutungo yasize nta vangura ribaye hagati y’abahungu n’abakobwa, kandi ko abana yabyaye batakiriho bagomba guhararirwa n’ababakomokaho; iii. Imitungo yagaragajwe n’inyandiko yo ku wa 29/03/2013 y’abagize umuryango wa Munyampeta Gaspard4, igomba kugabanywa n’abayifiteho uburenganzira; iv. N’ubwo Umumararungu Sylvie, Mukayiranga Diane na Munyampeta Remy batemera uburyo ikibanza gifite No 4673 giherereye I Nyarutarama cyagurishijwemo, bigaragara ko nta kirego gisaba gutesha agaciro ubwo bugure bigeze batanga; v. Amafaranga yavuye mu bukode bw’inzu nyuma ya 1994, ayishyuwe na SONARWA ndetse n’ayishyuwe na FINA BANK akakirwa na Nyiranganizi Félicité, ntagomba kuzanwa mu mutungo wasizwe na Munyampeta Gaspard kuko nta kimenyetso yatangiwe, cyane ko n’ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko no 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, iteganya ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana. vi. N’ubwo hari abagore bamwe Munyampeta Gaspard yashatse mbere y’ishyirwaho ry’itegeko ryemera ko ugushyingirwa kwemewe ari uk’umugabo umwe n’umugore umwe, nta n’ikimenyetso Nyiranganizi Félicité yagaragarije Urukiko rw’aho buri mugore wabanye na Nyakwigendera yubakiwe cyangwa aho yahawe ku buryo aho hantu havanwa mu mitungo igomba kuzungurwa, bityo ngo n’Urukiko rubihereho rwemeza ko imitungo igomba kuzungurwa koko ari iya Munyampeta Gaspard yasigaranye nk’ingarigari; vii. Kuba ababuranyi bose bitabiriye iburanisha bariyemereye ko bananiwe kumvikana uburyo imitungo yasizwe na Nyakwigendera yacungwa, yabyazwa umusaruro ndetse n’uburyo umusaruro wayivuyemo wagabanywa, ari impamvu yumvikana ko iyo mitungo yasizwe igomba kugurishwa, ikiguzi kivuyemo kikagabanywa abagifiteho uruhare ku rwego buri wese yemererwa n’amategeko; viii. Ubusabe bwa Nyiranganizi Félicité bw’uko yahabwa inzu iherereye i Nyamirambo kuko ayifitiye ibyangombwa akaba ari nayo abamo, nta shingiro bufite kuko nta kimenyetso yagaragarije Urukiko cy’uko yayibanagamo na Munyampeta Gaspard mbere y’uko apfa, bityo nayo ikaba igomba kujya mu mutungo uzungurwa; ix. Hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 49, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko No 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryavuzwe haruguru, mbere yo kugabana amafaranga azava mu kiguzi cy’inzu y’iduka iri mu kibanza No 396, rue Karisimbi, abayifiteho uburenganzira bose bagomba kubanza kwishyura umusoro ukomoka ku nyungu z’ubukode bw’iyo nzu nk’uko inyandiko z’Akarere ka Nyarugenge zishyuzaga iyo misoro zibigaragaza. [10] Urukiko rwanzuye ko:

3 Iyo mitungo igizwe n’inzu y’iduka iri mu kibanza no 396, rue Karisimbi, inzu y’igorofa iri mu kibanza no 1020, avenue du commerce mu Karere ka Nyarugenge, inzu iri mu kibanza no 55 i Nyamirambo, zose ziherereye mu Karere ka Nyarugenge, mu Mujyi wa Kigali, inzu iri mu kibanza no15 I Busogo, mu Karere ka Musanze, amasambu agizwe n’imirima iri mu Murenge wa Gatovu, Akarere ka Musanze.

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Ikirego cyatanzwe na Umukumburwa Alice n’abavandimwe be n’icyatanzwe na Nyiranganizi Félicité bifite ishingiro; naho icyatanzwe na Umumararungu Sylvie n’abavandimwe be gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe;

Kugoboka ku bushake kwasabwe na Mukantwali Béatrice n’abavandimwe be, Mukadariya Alodie, Ntirivamunda Alphonse, Ndahiriwe Diogène na Sibomana Dominique gufite ishingiro;

Kugobokeshwa ku gahato kwa Hakizimana Emmanuel, Munyampeta Clémence na Munyampeta Freeson gufite ishingiro;

Nyiranganizi Félicité afite uruhare rungana na ½ ku mitungo yose yasizwe na Munyampeta Gaspard naho ikindi ½ gisigaye kigomba kugirwaho uruhare rungana n’abana bose babyawe na Munyampeta Gaspard;

Imitungo yose yasizwe na Nyakwigendera Munyampeta Gaspard igurishwa, maze ½ kigahabwa Nyiranganizi Félicité, naho ikindi ½ gisigaye kikagabanywa ku buryo bungana abazungura bose ba Nyakwigendera aribo Simpunga Appolinaire, Ntawumenyumwanzi Augustin, Ntirivamunda Alphonse, Bugenimana Anastasie, Mukadariya Alodie, Bugenimana Anastasie, Hakizimana Emmanuel, Mukayiranga Diane, Umumararungu Sylvie, Munyampeta Remy, Munyampeta Clémence na Munyampeta Freeson;

Mbere yo kugabana ikiguzi kizava ku nzu y’iduka iri mu kibanza no 396, rue Karisimbi iri mu Karere ka Nyarugenge, abagifiteho uruhare bose bagomba kubanza kwishyura amafaranga y’umusoro ukomoka ku nyungu z’ubukode bw’iyo nzu;

Mu kuzungura Munyampeta Gaspard, abana be aribo Simpunga Appolinaire, Ntawumenyumwanzi Augustin na Bugenimana Anastasie bahagararirwa n’ababakomokaho;

Nyiramugwera Zilipa, Hakizimana Emmanuel, Mukamusonera Béatrice na Nyiranganizi Félicité bagomba kwishyura 72.000 Frw y’ingwate y’amagarama y’urubanza. [11] Mu bihe bitandukanye, urubanza No RC 0166/10/TGI/NYGE - RC 0730/10/TGI/NYGE - RC 0425/11/TGI/NYGE rwajuririwe mu Rukiko Rukuru mu buryo bukurikira: a. Mu bujurire, Umumararungu Sylvie, Mukayiranga Diane na Munyampeta Remy bareze Nyiranganizi Félicité, Nyiramugwera Zilipa na Hakizimana Emmanuel, hagobokeshwa ku gahato Ndahiriwe Diogène, Sibomana Dominique, Bimenyimana Alain Robert, Akizanye Alaine, Umukumburwa Alice, uyu kandi yari anahagarariye Nduwimana Ange na Umuhoza Aimé. Bavuga ko Nyiranganizi Félicité yagenewe ½ cy’imitungo hirengangijwe ko atari we wenyine mugore w’isezerano, ko nyuma y’urupfu rwa Munyampeta Gaspard, ku wa 25/07/1993, habaye inama y’umuryango harimo na Nyiranganizi Félicité, yemeza ko abakomoka kuri Munyampeta Gaspard bose bagira uruhare ku mitungo yasize, bigakorwa na Ntirivamunda Alphonse wari ufite ordonance d’investiture, bityo ko itegeko ryerekeye izungura atariryo rikwiye gushingirwaho. Bavuga kandi ko hari indi mitungo yibagiranye ntiyagabanywa, ko iby’Urukiko rwategetse byo kugabana ikiguzi kivuye mu mitungo nta wigeze abisaba, ahubwo ko ababifuza kuyifatanya babyemererwa, abandi bagasubizwa ikiguzi hakurikijwe uruhare rwa buri

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wese. Bavuga na none ko batagenewe indishyi nyamara baravukijwe igihe kinini uburenganzira ku mutungo wa Munyampeta Gaspard. Ubujurire bwanditswe kuri no 0609/13/HC/KIG. b. Mukantwali Béatrice, Umutoni Jeannine, Umuhoza Françoise, Nshimiyimana Jean Kizito, Niyigena Pascal, Ntilivamunda Alphonse na Mukadaliya Alodie bajuriye bavuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rutari gukoresha itegeko ryerekeye izungura kuko ryari ritarajyaho, ahubwo ko rwagombaga gushingira ku byo Munyampeta Gaspard yasize avuze bijyanye n’uburyo umutungo uzacungwa ndetse n’uko uzagabanywa abana be bose, bityo ko umutungo wari uw’umugabo, ahubwo abagore yashakanye nabo bakagira icyo bagenerwa. Basobanura ko Itegeko ry’izungura ryakoreshejwe nabi kuko ingingo yaryo ya 70, igika cya 4 n’icya 7, itareba Munyampeta Gaspard bitewe n’uko iyo aza kuba akiriho yari kugenera Nyiranganizi Félicité ¼ cy’umutungo aho kuba ½ nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko kugira ngo abashe gukomeza kwita ku bana bakirerwa. Bavuga ko amafaranga yishyuzwaga SONARWA, ayishyuwe Nyiranganizi Félicité mu mwaka wa 2004 akomoka ku bugure bw’ikibanza kiri i Nyarutarama atashyizwe mu mitungo igabanywa kandi ko Urukiko ntacyo rwavuze ku mafaranga y’ubukode bw’ikibanza no 1020, bw’inzu iri mu kibanza no 396 n’ubw’inzu iri i Nyamirambo Nyiranganizi Félicité yakiriye nyamara bagomba guhabwa nibura 1/10 cy’ubwo bukode. Basaba ko imirima 36 Nyiranganizi Félicité yagurishije igarurwa mu mitungo igomba kugabanywa. Mu bujurire harezwe Nyiranganizi Félicité, ubujurire bwandikwa kuri no 0641/13/HC/KIG. c. Bimenyimana Alain Robert, Akizanye Alaine, Umukumburwa Alice, uyu wari unahagarariye Umuhoza Aimé na Nduwawe Ange, Ndahiriwe Diogène na Sibomana Dominique, bajuriye nabo bemera ko hari imitungo itaragiye mu igomba kugabanwa kandi ko bashyigikiye ko imitungo yose igurishwa kuko nta bundi buryo bayigabana. Muri ubwo bujurire harezwe Nyiranganizi Félicité, Nyiramugwera Zilipa na Hakizimana Emmanuel, hagobokeshwa Umumararungu Sylvie, Mukayiranga Diane na Munyampeta Remy, Munyampeta Clémence na Munyampeta Freeson. Ubujurire bwanditswe kuri no 0611/13/HC/KIG. [12] Nyiranganizi Félicité yireguye avuga ko itegeko ryashingiweho hacibwa urubanza ari iryakoreshwaga igihe ikirego cyatangwaga, rikaba riteganya ko amategeko yose aribanziriza anyuranyije naryo akuweho, ndetse ko iyo umwe mu bashakanye apfuye usigaye asigarana ububasha bwo gucunga umutungo, bityo ko asanga Nyiramugwera Zilipa n’umuhungu we Hakizimana Emmanuel bashaka kumuvogerera imitungo ye, nyamara mbere y’uko Munyampeta Gaspard apfa yari yarahaye abagore be bose imitungo ihagije. Avuga kandi ko ku bijyanye n’imitungo abajuriye bavuga ko ikwiye kwinjizwa mu mitungo igomba kugabanywa, asanga nta bimenyetso batanga bigaragaza ko ari iya Munyampeta Gaspard kandi ko nta n’amasezerano y’ubugure bagaragaza ku bijyanye n’imitungo bavuga ko yagurishijwe. Asobanura ko amafaranga yavuye mu bukode bw’inzu, yari afite uburenganzira bwo kuyikenuza kandi ko nawe asanga imitungo ababuranyi bemeranywaho yagurishwa, abafite uburenganzira ku mafaranga ayivuyemo bakayagabana. [13] Nyiramugwera Zilipa yireguye avuga ko yahawe uburenganzira n’Urukiko bwo gucunga inzu iri mu kibanza no 396, rue Kalisimbi, icyakora ko yongeye kuyubaka kuko yari yarasenywe mu 1994, bityo ko adakwiye kubazwa amafaranga y’ubukode bwayo kuko ariyo yavagamo ibimutunga; ahubwo ko Nyiranganizi Félicité yategekwa kugaragaza umutungo wose wa

## Page 8

Munyampeta Gaspard acunze, ibyo yagurishije bikamubarwaho, maze amafaranga yikubiye nawe akayagiraho uruhare. [14] Hakizimana Emmanuel yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi asaba ko we na Nyiramugwera Zilipa bahabwa uburenganzira bungana n’ubw’abandi bazungura nk’uko biteganywa y’Itegeko No 59/2008 ryo ku wa 10/09/2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryose rishingiye ku gitsina, imitungo yose ikabanza gukusanyirizwa hamwe hanyuma Nyiramugwera Zilipa agahabwa ½ cy’inzu yahawe gucunga. [15] Mu rubanza No 0609/13/HC/KIG - 0641/13/HC/KIG - 0611/13/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 30/07/2014, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze: i. Ingingo ya 70 y’Itegeko No 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryavuzwe haruguru, ntaho iteganya ko Nyiramugwera Zilipa wabanye na Munyampeta Gaspard mu buryo budakurije amategeko agira uburenganzira ku izungura, ahubwo ko umugore w’isezerano ariwe ugira uburenganzira mu buryo buteganyijwe muri iyo ngingo; ii. Itegeko No 59/2008 ryo ku wa 10/09/2008, rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina Nyiramugwera Zilipa yishingikirizaho ntaho rihuriye n’izungura riburanwa, bityo akaba nta bubasha afite bwo kujya ku rutonde rw’abazungura; iii. Ibisabwa na Hakizimana Emmanuel bijyanye no kuba nawe yashyirwa mu bazungura, yarabihawe mu rubanza rujuririrwa; iv. Ikibazo kijyanye no gusaba ko Nyiranganizi Félicité yagaragaza uburyo yacunze umutungo, atari impamvu y’ubujurire ahubwo ari impamvu nshya kuko itigeze iburanwaho ku rwego rubanza, bityo ko hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 168 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi idakwiye gusuzumwa; v. Ikibazo cy’imitungo Nyiranganizi Félicité yaba yaragurishije mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, ntacyaregewe; vi. Izungura ridashingira ku gihe uzungurwa yapfiriye ahubwo hakurikizwa uko rigenwa igihe abafite uburenganzira bashatse kuzungura, bityo ko igihe uzungurwa yapfiriye gifasha gusa mu kumenya igihe abazungura bagiriye ubwo burenganzira, kuko kuva icyo gihe aribwo ababifitemo inyungu bashobora kuzungura ariko bitavuze ko aricyo gihe izungura ribereye; vii. Nta kibuza ko Itegeko No 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryavuzwe haruguru ari ryo rikurikizwa kuko abazungura ba Nyakwigendera basabye kuzungura nyuma y’uko rigiyeho kandi rikaba ryarakuyeho andi mategeko ndetse n’amabwiriza yose yaribanjirije nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo yaryo ya 944, bityo hakaba hatagenderwa ku byo Munyampeta Gaspard yasize avuze kandi Itegeko ubwaryo rigena uburyo izungura rikorwa; viii. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwari rufite ishingiro mu kugenera ½ cy’umutungo uzungurwa Nyiranganizi Félicité kuko ariwe mugore w’isezerano nk’uko

4 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko “Amategeko n'amabwiriza abanziriza iri tegeko kandi anyuranye naryo avanyweho.”

## Page 9

abigenerwa n’itegeko, bityo ko bitakwitwa ko abandi bagore birengagijwe mu gihe batagaragaza ko bari barabanye na Munyampeta Gaspard mu buryo bukurikije amategeko; ix. Ku bijyanye n’uko itegeko ryerekeye izungura ryakoreshejwe nabi kuko Nyiranganizi Félicité yagombaga kugenerwa 1/8 cy’umutungo kubera ko Munyampeta Gaspard atari kujyanayo imitungo yose mu gihe yari afite abana, nta shingiro bifite kuko iryo tegeko ryari ritarajyaho kandi rikaba ritasubira inyuma ngo rigenge ibyarangiye cyangwa ngo abe ari ryo rikurikizwa ku birebana n’igihe Munyampeta Gaspard yabaniye na Nyiranganizi Félicité; x. Imitungo igizwe n’imirima itaravuzwe n’Urukiko rwa mbere ntaho Urukiko Rukuru rwahera rwemeza ko ihari cyangwa ko ari iy’umuryango wa Munyampeta Gaspard mu gihe ababivuga nta bimenyetso babitangira; xi. Nyiramugwera Zilipa na Hakizimana Emmanuel aribo bagomba kwishyura umusoro ku kibanza No 396, kuva mu 2006 kuko aricyo gihe bahereweho ububasha bwo gucunga no guhabwa ubukode bukomoka kuri iyo nzu kugira ngo babone ibibatunga, bityo ko abandi bazungura batategekwa kuyishyura; naho imyenda y’imisoro ya mbere yaho, akaba ariyo abazungura bose bagomba gufatanya kwishyura kuko ariwo mwenda Munyampeta Gaspard yasize, nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko No 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryavuzwe haruguru; xii. Nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko 2.164.515 Frw yishyuwe na SONARWA yahawe Nyiranganizi Félicité ubwe, ahubwo ko igihari ari ikigaragaza ko yahawe abazungura ba Munyampeta Gaspard; xiii. Ikibanza cyagurishijwe giherereye i Nyarutarama kitagarurwa mu mitungo izungurwa mu gihe hataragaragazwa ko cyagurishijwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko; xiv. Kuba Nyiranganizi Félicité yari umugore w’isezerano byamuhaye uburenganzira bwo gucunga uwo mutungo, bityo ko abajuriye batagira ibyo bamuryoza mu gihe batagaragaza ko yawikubiye wenyine; xv. Nyiramugwera Zilipa na Hakizimana Emmanuel batasabwa gusubiza amafaranga y’ubukode yavuye mu kibanza No 396 kuko Urukiko rwari rwarabahaye uburenganzira bwo kuwucunga ndetse n’ubwo kuwuvanamo ibibatunga by’agateganyo mu gihe hagitegerejwe izungura; xvi. Ku bijyanye no kuba abazungura bamwe basaba ko imitungo iburanwa bayigumana bakishyura abasigaye ikiguzi kingana n’uruhare rwabo, Urukiko rwasanze icyo cyifuzo kireba irangizarubanza, ko babikora mu gihe ubwabo babyumvikanaho, bityo ko bitategekwa mu rubanza; [16] Urukiko Rukuru rwanzuye ko ubujurire mu rubanza No 0609 - 0641 - 0611/13/HC/KIG bufite ishingiro gusa ku byerekeye imisoro y’inzu, n’iy’iduka riri mu kibanza No 396, rue Kalisimbi, mu Karere ka Nyarugenge, rwemeza ko imyenda y’umusoro ku nzu y’iduka yavuzwe haruguru ya mbere y’umwaka wa 2006, abazungura bose bagomba gufatanya kuyishyura mbere y’igabana ry’iyo nzu, kandi ko indi misoro yo guhera mu mwaka wa 2006 igomba kwishyurwa na Nyiramugwera Zilipa afatanyije na Hakizimana Emmanuel, bityo ko urubanza no RC 0166/10/TGI/NYGE - RC 0730/10/TGI/NYGE - RC 0425/11/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ruhindutse ku byerekeye imisoro ivugwa mu gika cya 30 gusa.

## Page 10

[17] Ku wa 30/01/2015, Nyiramugwera Zilipa yandikiye Urwego rw’Umuvunyi asaba ko urubanza No 0609 - 0641 - 0611/13/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 30/07/2014 rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Nyuma yo gusuzuma icyo kibazo, Urwego rw’Umuvunyi rwandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rusaba ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ashingiye kuri raporo yakozwe n’Ubugenzuzi Bukuru bw’Inkiko, yafashe Icyemezo no 249/CJ/2021 ku wa 21/10/2021, yemeza ko urwo rubanza rwoherezwa mu Bwanditsi bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kugira ngo ruzongere ruburanishwe, ruhabwa N° RS/INJUST/RC 00013/2021/SC. [18] Iburanisha mu ruhame ryabaye ku wa 24/04/2023, Nyiramugwera Zilipa ahagarariwe na Me Mbarushimana Dominique, Hakizimana Emmanuel ahagarariwe na Me Nayigiziki Joël, naho Nyiranganizi Félicité, Ntirivamunda Alphonse, Mukayiranga Munyampeta Diane, Munyampeta Remy, Umumararungu Sylvie, Munyampeta Freeson, Munyampeta Clémence, Mukantwali Béatrice, Umutoni Jeannine, Umuhoza Francoise, Nshimiyimana Jean Kizito, Niyigena Pascal, Mukadaliya Alodie, Umukumburwa Alice, Bimenyimana Alain Robert, Akizanye Aline, Nduwawe Ange, Umuhoza Aimé, Ndahiriwe Diogene na Sibomana Dominique batitabye, icyakora muri dosiye y’urubanza harimo Itegeko rya Perezida w’Urukiko ribahamagara ahatazwi. [19] Hari hitabye kandi bamwe mu bagobokeshejwe ku gahato aribo Munyengango Epaphrodite, Ineza Ange Clémence, Ngirabatware Seth na METROPOLIS Ltd bahagarariwe na Me Karangwa Olivier afatanyije na Me Nkanika Alimasi; Nyirantereke ahagarariwe na Me Gahutu Joseph, Kigali Real Estate Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Mucyo Donatien, CAI XIAOLIANG ahagarariwe na Me Rukumbuzi Blaise; naho Munyankusi Théophile, Tuyisenge Daniel, Barakagira, Nzagezahe5 na Ntaganda Assiel batitabye. [20] Urukiko rwabanje gusuzuma ikibazo cy’abagomba kuba ababuranyi mu rubanza harimo kumenya abazazungura ababuranyi bivugwa ko bapfuye n’isano abagobokeshejwe bafitanye n’imitungo iburanwa, rufatira mu ntebe ibyemezo bikurikira: i. Munyampeta Freeson na Munyampeta Clémence bahamagarwa mu rubanza nk’ababuranyi ndetse bakongera bagahamagarwa nk’abazungura ba Nyiranganizi Félicité. Undi ugomba guhamagarwa nk’umuzungura wa Nyiranganizi Félicité ni Giraneza Wilson, kuko Me Karangwa Olivier yamenyesheje Urukiko ko uyu nawe ari umwana wa Nyiranganizi Félicité, Me Karangwa Olivier akazafasha ubwanditsi bw’Urukiko kubona imyirondoro ya Giraneza Wilson6; ii. Ubwanditsi bw’Urukiko buzasaba Ubushinjacyaha Bukuru amakuru y’uko Ntirivamunda Alphonse wari ukurikiranweho ibyaha bya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yapfuye kugira ngo nibyemezwa ko yapfuye hahamagazwe abazungura be;

5 Me Mbarushimana Dominique yavuze ko uwitwa Barakagira yapfuye ariko akaba yarasize umugore we witwa Nzagezahe, ibi bikaba byaravuzwe na MunyankusI Theophile wari mu bagobokeshejwe muri uru rubanza akaba ari n’umukwe wa Barakagira na Nzagezahe. 6 IECMS igaragaza ko ku wa 06/06/2023, Me Karangwa Olivier yatanze amakuru kuri Giraneza Wilson avuga ko arerwa n'uwitwa Rudakubagana Antoine ubarizwa kuri Telephone 0788587603, akaba yarahamagawe n’Ubwanditsi bw’Urukiko ku wa 17/07/2023, bumusaba imyirondoro, ababwira ko uwo mwana Giraneza Wilson ntawe afite ko ndetse atanamuzi, kandi ko na Nyiranganizi Félicité ntaho ahuriye nawe, ko atamuzi. Ubwanditsi bwahise bubimenyesha Me Karangwa Olivier kuri telefoni ye 0788314595 asubiza ko amakuru yatanze kuri Giraneza Wilson ariyo yonyine yashoboye kubona, ko nta yandi afite.

## Page 11

iii. Barakagira, Tuyisenge Daniel, Nyirantereke, Munyengango Epaphrodite, Ngirabatware Seth na Munyankusi Théophile bagomba kuvanwa muri uru rubanza kuko nta sano bafitanye n’imitungo iburanwa7; iv. Ntaganda Assiel n’umugore we Nasabwe Jeanne, Tuyisingize Daniel (mu mwanya wa Tuyisenge Daniel) n’umugore we Dusabimana Immaculée, Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta y’u Rwanda (ku bijyanye n’umutungo ufitwe na Nyirantereke), umuyobozi (Nshimiyimana Balthazar) wa sosiyete NBFC Ltd (ku bijyanye n’umutungo wahoze wanditse kuri Munyengango Epaphrodite) ndetse n’uwa Metropolis Ltd bagomba kugobokeshwa ku gahato. [21] Urukiko rwasanze kandi Me Karangwa Olivier uburanira Ineza Ange Clémence, Me Gahutu Joseph uburanira Nyirantereke na Me Nkanika Alimasi uburanira Ngirabatware Seth bavuga ko n’ubwo aribo bazanye inzitizi y’uko Nyiramugwera Zilipa afite ikibazo cy’ubushobozi (capacité mentale) bwo kuburana, icyo bifuzaga kwari ukugira ngo we ubwe yitabe Urukiko, bityo ko kuba yitabye kuri bo bihagije, n’inzitizi bari batanze bayivanyeho. Urukiko rwasabye kandi Me Nayigiziki Joël na Hakizimana Emmanuel kurushyikiriza raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko Sibomana Dominique afite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe. Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryimurirwa ku itariki ababuranyi bazamenyeshwa n’Ubwanditsi bw’Urukiko. [22] Urubanza rwongeye kuburanishwa ku wa 18/09/2023, Nyiramugwera Zilipa ahagarariwe na Me Ntakarimara Jean afatanyije na Me Ngilinshuti Jean Bosco, Hakizimana Emmanuel na Ndahiriwe Diogène baburanirwa na Me Nkurunziza Jean Damascène, Me Mulinga Kadage Laban ahagarariye abazungura ba Nyiranganizi Félicité, ari bo Munyampeta Freeson na Munyampeta Clémence, naho umuzungura wa Ntirivamunda Alphonse+ (Habyarimana Ntirivamunda Jeanne), Mukayiranga Munyampeta Diane, Munyampeta Remy, Umumararungu Sylvie, Mukantwali Béatrice, Umutoni Jeannine, Umuhoza Françoise, Nshimiyimana Jean Kizito, Niyigena Pascal, Mukadaliya Alodie, Umukumburwa Alice, Bimenyimana Alain Robert, Akizanye Aline, Nduwawe Ange, Umuhoza Aimé badahagarariwe, ariko barahamagajwe ahatazwi. [23] Hari hitabye kandi bamwe mu bagobokeshejwe ku gahato aribo Leta y’u Rwanda iburanirwa na Me Karemera George, Ineza Ange Clémence ahagarariwe na Me Kayijuka Ngabo, Metropolis Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Karangwa Olivier afatanyije na Me Nkanika Alimasi; Kigali Real Estate Ltd na Cai Xiaoliang bahagarariwe na Me Rukumbuzi Blaise; Uwamariya Christine ahagarariwe na Me Munyaneza Gonzague; Nshimiyimana Barthazar Familly Company Ltd (NBFC) mu izina ry’umuyobozi wayo ihagarariwe na Me Akimanizanye Béatrice; naho Ntagara Assiel, Nasabwe Jeanne, Tuyisingize Daniel, Dusabimana Immaculée na Nzagezahe, batitabye, ariko muri dosiye y’urubanza bigaragara ko bahamagajwe. [24] Urukiko rwaburanishije ku kibazo kijyanye n’imyirondoro ya Munyampeta Clémence (uregwa) ndetse na Ineza Ange Clémence (wagobokeshejwe ku gahato) kandi ayo mazina yombi ashobora kuba ahurira ku muntu umwe. Rwanaburanishije ikibazo cy’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe

7 Nyuma byaje kugaragara ko Ngirabatware Seth ari umwe mu banyamigabane ba sosiyete Metropolis Ltd yagobokeshejwe akaba anayihagarariye, bituma akomeza kuba mu rubanza nk’uhagarariye iyo sosiyete.

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bwa Sibomana Dominique nk’uko bwagaragajwe muri raporo yo ku wa 23/06/2023 yakozwe n’ibitaro bya Ruhengeri8. [25] Nyuma yo kumva imiburanire ku bibazo byavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rwanzuye ko: i. Me Kayijuka Ngabo na Me Kadage Mulinga Laban bagomba gushaka ibyemezo bigaragaza ko Munyampeta Clémence (uregwa) ariwe Ineza Ange Clémence (wagobokeshejwe ku gahato); ibyo bakabikora mu gihe kitarenze itariki ya 17/10/20239; ii. Hakurikijwe ibyo amategeko ateganya ku bijyanye n’umuntu mukuru udafite ububasha, Me Nkurunziza Jean Damascène usanzwe ahagarariye Sibomana Dominique, agomba gushaka ibyemezo bimuha ububasha bwo gukomeza kumuhagararira nk’umuntu ufite ikibazo cy’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe; akabikora mu gihe kitarenze itariki ya 17/11/202310 iii. Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe ubutaka (Land Management Authority) kigomba guhagarika ihererekanya ry’imitungo yose iburanwa muri uru rubanza kugeza igihe ruciriwe11. [26] Mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 18/09/2023, Urukiko rwanabajije Me Kadage Laban uhagarariye Munyampeta Freeson na Munyampeta Clémence impamvu asaba ko bagobokeshwa mu rubanza nyamara mu iburanisha ryabanje haremejwe ko bakomeza kuburanishwa nk’abazungura ba Nyiranganizi wapfuye, asubiza ko ibyo yasabye bitakiri ngombwa. [27] Urukiko rwanaburanishije ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Me Karangwa Olivier ari umunyamigabane wa Metropolis Ltd nk’uko byavuzwe na Ndahiriwe Diogène na Me Nkurunziza Jean Damascène, ko nyuma y’aho Munyampeta Freeson, Ngirabatware Seth, Karangwa Olivier na Munyampeta Clémence baguriye umwe mu mitungo iburanwa muri cyamunara, wahise wandikwa kuri sosiyete Metropolis Ltd yashinzwe na Munyampeta Clémence na Karangwa Olivier, ariko uyu yavuze ko icyemezo cyatanzwe na RDB kigaragaza ko Metropolis Ltd igizwe n’abantu 3, ko atigeze aba umunyamigabane muri iyo sosiyete, ahubwo ko yari umujyanama mu by’amategeko (Legal Advisor). [28] Urubanza rwongeye kuburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 12/03/2024 Nyiramugwera Zilipa ahagarariwe na Me Ntakarimara Jean afatanyije na Me Ngilinshuti Jean Bosco, Hakizimana Emmanuel, Sibomana Dominique na Ndahiriwe Diogène bahagarariwe na Me Habimana Emmanuel, Me Mulinga Kadage Laban ahagarariye abazungura ba Nyiranganizi Félicité, ari bo

8 Iyo raporo ivuga ko “Ku wa 23/06/2023, ibitaro bya Ruhengeri byakoze raporo, bivuga ko kuva ku wa 31/05/2023, Sibomana Dominique yakurikiranwe n’agashami gashinzwe ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, nk’uko byavuzwe muri aya magambo: depuis le 31/05/2023 jusqu’à présent, Monsieur Sibomana Dominique est suivi dans le service de santé mental. L’anamnèse, examen psychiatrique et électroencéphalogramme révèlent qu’il souffre d’une épilepsie associée au trouble cognitif”. 9 Kuri attachment ya 095, Munyampeta Clémence yemeje ko ariwe Ineza Ange Clémence. Yabivuze muri aya magambo “Maître, Mwiriwe neza, ku bijyanye na dossier iri mu rukiko, nibyo koko ninjye witwa Munyampeta Clemence kuko ariryo zina nari mfite nkiri mu Rwanda, ariko ngeze mu Bubiligi, nahinduye identité yanjye ubu nitwa Ineza Ange clémence. Murakoze. 10 Urubanza No RC 00754/2023/TB/MUH rwaciwe ku wa 23/11/2023, Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Muhoza rwanzuye ko Sibomana Dominique yambuwe ubushobozi, runemeza ko Ndahiriwe Diogène abaye umwishingizi we. 11 Ku wa 19/09/2023, Umwanditsi Mukuru w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yandikiye Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe ubutaka asaba ko hashyirwa mu bikorwa icyemezo Urukiko rwafatiye mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 18/09/2023.

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Munyampeta Freeson na Munyampeta Clémence, naho umuzungura wa Ntirivamunda Alphonse+ (Habyarimana Ntirivamunda Jeanne), Mukayiranga Munyampeta Diane, Munyampeta Remy, Umumararungu Sylvie, Mukantwali Béatrice, Umutoni Jeannine, Umuhoza Francoise, Nshimiyimana Jean Kizito, Niyigena Pascal, Mukadaliya Alodie, Umukumburwa Alice, Bimenyimana Alain Robert, Akizanye Aline, Nduwawe Ange, Umuhoza Aimé badahagariwe, ariko barahamagajwe ahatazwi. [29] Hari hitabye kandi bamwe mu bagobokeshejwe ku gahato aribo Leta y’u Rwanda, iburanirwa na Me Karemera George, Ineza Ange Clémence ahagarariwe na Me Kayijuka Ngabo, Metropolis Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Nkanika Alimasi; Kigali Real Estate Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Mucyo Donatien, Cai Xiaoliang ihagarariwe na Me Tuyisenge Fabrice; Uwamariya Christine ahagarariwe na Me Munyaneza Gonzague; Nshimiyimana Barthazar Familly Company Ltd (NBFC) ihagarariwe na Me Akimanizanye Béatrice naho Ntagara Assiel, Nasabwe Jeanne, Tuyisingize Daniel, Dusabimana Immaculée na Nzagezahe batitabye ariko muri dosiye y’urubanza bigaragara ko bahamagajwe byemewe n’amategeko, hemezwa ko iburanisha rikomeza. [30] Urukiko rwongeye kuburanisha ikibazo kijyanye n’imyirondoro ya Munyampeta Clémence (uregwa) ndetse na Ineza Ange Clémence (wagobokeshejwe ku gahato) hamwe n’ikibazo cya Niyigena Landry Kevin ushobora kuba ari mwene Munyampeta Gaspard na Nyiranganyizi Félicité nk’uko biboneka muri IECMS, maze rwanzura ko:

i. Ineza Ange Clémence aburana nk’uregwa aho kuburana nk’uwagobokeshejwe, agahagararirwa na Me Kayijuka Ngabo na Me Mulinga Kadage Laban. ii.

Me Kayijuka Ngabo na Me Mulinga Kadage Laban bazamenyesha Ineza Ange Clémence ko agomba gushyikiriza Urukiko ikimenyetso gitanzwe n’inzego zibifitiye ububasha kigaragaza ko uwahoze yitwa Munyampeta Clémence ari we ubu witwa Ineza Ange Clémence12. iii. Me Kayijuka Ngabo na Me Mulinga Kadage Laban bagomba kandi kuzagaragaza niba Niyigena Landry Kevin nawe ari mu bazungura ba Nyiranganizi Felicité. iv. Me Nkanika Alimasi agomba kuzagaragaza niba hari isano Niyigena Landry Kevin afitanye na Metropolis13. v. Ruboneka Consolata nk’uwagurishije imwe mu mitungo iburanwa uwitwa CAI XIAOLIANG, agomba kugobokeshwa muri uru rubanza.

12 Kuri attachment ya 108, Me Kayijuka Ngabo yagaragaje ikarita y’ishuri ya Kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali (ULK) ya Munyampeta Clémence yatanzwe ku wa 16/06/2003 na Pasiporo y’Ububirigi ya Ineza Ange Clémence. Mu nyandiko ye yashyize muri IECMS, yise (Gutanga umucyo aho duhagaze nyuma y’ibibazo byabajijwe n’urukiko na documents zasabwe nicyo tuvuga kuri documents zabonetse), Me Kayijuka Ngabo avuga ko basanze nta byangombwa bihari bivuga mu buryo butaziguye ko Ineza Ange Clémence ariwe Munyampeta Clémence uretse ikarita y’ishuri na Pasiporo bivuzwe haruguru gusa nawe akavuga ko amafoto ari kuri izo nyandiko zombi aterekana ko ari umuntu umwe. Akibaza niba Rwanda Forensic Institute ishobora gupima amafoto yafashwe mu bihe bitandukanye hakamenyekana ko ari umuntu umwe. 13 Attachment 101-107 Me Nkanika Alimasi yashyize muri dosiye, zerekana ko Niyigena Landry Kevin atakiri umunyamigabane wa METROPOLIS Ltd kuko ubu ifite abanyamigabane 3, aribo Ngirabatware Seth, Ineza Ange Clémence na Hakizimana Gregoire.

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[31] Urubanza rwongeye kuburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 14/05/2024 Nyiramugwera Zilipa ahagarariwe na Me Ntakalimara Jean, Me Ngilinshuti Jean Bosco na Me Buhuru Pierre Céléstin, Hakizimana Emmanuel, Ndahiriwe Diogène na Sibomana Dominique bahagararirwa na Me Habimana Emmanuel, Me Mulinga Kadage Laban na Me Kayijuka Ngabo bahagarariye Munyampeta Freeson na Munyampeta Clémence naho umuzungura wa Ntirivamunda Alphonse (Habyarimana Ntirivamunda Jeanne), Mukayiranga Munyampeta Diane, Munyampeta Remy, Umumararungu Sylvie, Mukantwali Béatrice, Umutoni Jeannine, Umuhoza Francoise, Nshimiyimana Jean Kizito, Niyigena Pascal, Mukadaliya Alodie, Umukumburwa Alice, Bimenyimana Alain Robert, Akizanye Aline, Nduwawe Ange, Umuhoza Aimé badahagariwe, ariko barahamagajwe ahatazwi. [32] Hari hitabye kandi bamwe mu bagobokeshejwe ku gahato aribo Leta y’u Rwanda, iburanirwa na Me Karemera George, Metropolis Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Nkanika Alimasi; Me Rutabingwa Athanase ahagarariye Ruboneka Consolata wagobokeshejwe; Kigali Real Estate Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Mucyo Donatien; Cai Xiaoliang ihagarariwe na Me Kayigirwa Télesphore ; Uwamariya Christine ahagarariwe na Me Munyaneza Gonzague; Nshimiyimana Barthazar Familly Company Ltd (NBFC) ihagarariwe na Me Akimanizanye Béatrice; naho Ntagara Assiel, Nasabwe Jeanne, Tuyisingize Daniel, Dusabimana Immaculée na Nzagezahe batitabye ariko muri dosiye y’urubanza bigaragara ko bahamagajwe byemewe n’amategeko, hemezwa ko iburanisha rikomeza. [33] Mbere y’iburanisha mu mizi, habanje gusuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira: a) Kumenya niba Munyampeta Clémence ariwe Ineza Ange Clémence no kumenya niba Niyigena Landry Kevin nawe ari mu bazungura ba Nyiranganizi Felicité. b) Kumenya niba hari izindi nzira z’ubujurire Nyiramugwera Zilipa yivukije mbere yo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane. c) Kumenya niba Nyiranganizi Félicité yaraburanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kandi yarapfuye, n’ingaruka zabyo. [34] Ku kibazo cya mbere, Me Kayijuka Ngabo na Me Mulinga Kadage Laban basobanuye ko nta kimenyetso babonye cyatanzwe n’inzego zibifitiye ububasha cyerekana mu buryo butaziguye ko uwahoze yitwa Munyampeta Clémence ariwe Ineza Ange Clémence kuko icyo yabahaye ari ikarita y’ishuri yo muri Université Libre de Kigali (ULK) iriho ifoto yigeze gukoresha na Pasiporo yatanzwe n’Igihugu cy’Ububiligi. Bavuze kandi ko Munyampeta Freeson nawe yahinduye amazina nka mushiki we, ubu akaba yitwa Niyigena Landry Kevin, uretse ko nta nyandiko yabahaye ibihamya. [35] Urukiko rwemeje ko ku bijyanye n’imyirondoro y’abazungura ba Nyiranganizi Félicité, hazajya handikwa Munyampeta Clémence (uvuga ko asigaye yitwa Ineza Ange Clémence) na Munyampeta Freeson (uvuga ko asigaye yitwa Niyigena Landry Kevin). [36] Urukiko rwasuzumye ibyasabwe n’abavoka ba Munyengango Epaphrodite, Cai Xiaoliang na Ngirabatware Seth, ko ikirego cya Nyiramugwera Zilipa kitakwakirwa kuko mbere yo gusaba ko urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, yagombaga gutanga ubujurire bwa kabiri, runasuzuma uko uruhande rwa Nyiramugwera Zilipa rwisobanuye kuri icyo kibazo. Rwashingiye ku rubanza N° RS/INJUST/RCOM 00003/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 15/07/2022, aho uru Rukiko

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rwasobanuye ko atari ngombwa ko umuburanyi abanza kwiyambaza inzira y’ubujurire bwa kabiri kugira ngo agire uburenganzira bwo gusaba ko urubanza rwe rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, cyane cyane iyo we abona ko nta mpamvu n’imwe yujuje mu zo itegeko riteganya kugira ngo ubujurire bwa kabiri bwakirwe. Rwavuze ko icyo gihe aba yemeye ko urubanza yatsinzwe mu bujurire bwa mbere rubaye ndakuka, bityo bikamuhesha uburenganzira bwo kwiyambaza inzira y’akarengane14. Rwemeje ko inzitizi yatanzwe nta shingiro ifite. [37] Urukiko rwasuzumye kandi inzitizi yazamuwe n’abahagarariye Nyiramugwera Zilipa y’uko Nyiranganizi Félicité yaburanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kandi yarapfuye, ko rero urubanza rwaciwe rukwiye kuvaho. Nyuma yo kumva ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’ababuranyi, rwasanze dosiye igaragaza ko iburanisha ry'urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane ryabaye ku itariki ya 20/03/2014 kandi rirapfundikirwa, urukiko rumenyesha ababuranyi ko urubanza ruzasomwa ku itariki ya 18/04/2014, ariko uwo munsi isomwa ntiryaba, ahubwo ryimurirwa ku itariki ya 30/07/2014, uwo munsi ugeze urubanza rurasomwa. Rwasanze kandi Nyiranganizi Félicité yarapfuye ku itariki ya 21/03/2014, iburanisha ryarapfundikiwe. Rushingiye ku ngingo ya 128 y’Itegeko N° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi15 ryakoreshwaga igihe urubanza rwacibwaga mu Rukiko Rukuru, rwasanze ntacyabuzaga Urukiko Rukuru guca urubanza mu mazina y'abaruburanye bose harimo na Nyiranganizi Félicité, rwemeza ko inzitizi yatanzwe na Nyiramugwera Zilipa nta shingiro ifite. [38] Nyuma yo gufata icyemezo ku bibazo byavuzwe haruguru, iburanisha ryarakomeje, ababuranyi bajya impaka ku kibazo kirebana no kumenya niba hari uburenganzira Nyiramugwera Zilipa afite ku mitungo yasizwe na Munyampeta Gaspard, ingano y’umugabane yemerewe mu gihe yaba abufite, n’indishyi zinyuranye zasabwe n’ababuranyi. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO. Kumenya niba hari uburenganzira Nyiramugwera Zilipa afite ku mitungo yasizwe na Munyampeta Gaspard. [39] Ababuranira Nyiramugwera Zilipa bavuga ko akarengane ke gashingiye ku kuba mu rubanza No RCA 0611-0641-0609/13/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 30/07/2014, Urukiko Rukuru rwaremeje ko atagomba kugira uruhare ku mitungo yasizwe na Munyampeta Gaspard kuko

14 Reba urubanza N° RS/INJUST/RCOM 00003/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 15/07/2022, haburana Rwanda Public Procurement Authority (RPPA) na WAPCOS Ltd, p. 4-5, igika cya 11. 15 Iteganya ko iyo iburanisha ry’urubanza ritarapfundikirwa, urukiko rukamenya ko habonetse inzitizi yo guhindura irangamimerere, kuva ku mirimo cyangwa urupfu rw’umuburanyi, umuburanyi usigaye agaragariza urukiko abafite ububasha bwo kurukomeza rukabahamagara, rukurikije amategeko yerekeye ihamagara. Iyo abahamagawe bavugwa mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo bataje gukomeza urubanza mu gihe bahawe, urubanza rucibwa badahari, hubahirizwa amategeko agenga ababuranyi banze kwitaba urukiko. Inzitizi zivugwa mu gika cya mbere, ntizibuza urukiko guca urubanza, iyo rwaburanishijwe rugapfundikirwa ariko rutarasomwa. Icyakora urubanza ruguma ku mazina y’abaruburanye. Ibivugwa muri iyi ngingo bihura kandi n’ibikubiye mu ngingo ya 121 y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahiduwe kugeza ubu.

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batashyingiranywe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko nyamara nawe yari umugore wemewe n’amategeko ku bw’umuco nk’uko byemezwa n’ibimenyetso bikurikira: i. Umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza no RCAA 0069/2012/SC rwaciye ku wa 04/04/2014, aho rwemeje ko abagore bose bashatse mbere y’itariki ya 24/11/1962 (mbere y’Itegeko Nshinga rya mbere rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda) bemewe n’amategeko; ii. inyandiko y’abatangabuhamya yo ku wa 30/09/2014 yemeza ko Nyiramugwera Zilipa yasezeranye byemewe n’amategeko na Munyampeta Gaspard; iii. icyemezo cya Komine Mukingo cyemeza ko Nyiramugwera Zilipa yari umugore w’isezerano wa Munyampeta Gaspard kuva mu mwaka wa 1961 kandi ko icyo cyemezo cyatanzwe nyuma yo gukora iperereza; iv. imvugo z’abaregwa biyemerera ko Nyiramugwera Zilipa yabanye na Munyampeta Gaspard mu buryo bukurikije amategeko ndetse babyarana Hakizimana Emmanuel uri mu bazungura ba Nyakwigendera. [40] Basobanura kandi ko n’ubwo Urukiko rwatesheje agaciro icyemezo cyari cyaratanzwe n’icyahoze ari Komine Mukingo cy’uko Nyiramugwera Zilipa yashyingiranywe na Munyampeta Gaspard mu mwaka wa 1961, rutakuyeho ukuri ku byabaye, cyane cyane ko icyo cyemezo cyatanzwe hamaze gukorwa iperereza n’ubwo ubuyobozi nta bitabo bwabonaga birimo iryo sezerano nk’uko bwabisobanuye mu nyandiko yo ku wa 27/09/2000 n’iyo ku wa 06/10/2000. [41] Me Habimana Emmanuel uburanira Hakizimana Emmanuel, Ndahiriwe Diogène na Sibomana Dominique nawe avuga ko Nyiramugwera Zilipa afite uburenganzira ku mutungo wasizwe na Munyampeta Gaspard kubera ko n’ubwo batasezeranye byemewe n’amategeko, ariko umuco ubafata nk’abashyingiranywe bikurikije amategeko. [42] Ababuranira abazungura ba Nyiranganizi Félicité bavuga ko Nyiramugwera Zilipa adafite uburenganzira ku mitungo yasizwe na Munyampeta Gaspard kubera ko atari umugore w’isezerano kandi ko hari umutungo yatujwemo n'umugabo we, ko ashaka kuzungura n'indi mitungo itari iye yari yarahawe abandi bagore, bagasanga ntacyo yagombye kubaza ubu, kuko n'imanza zijyanye n’imitungo y’abandi bagore zarangiye. Uko Urukiko rubibona [43] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko ababuranyi bemeranya ko Nyiramugwera Zilipa yabanye na Munyampeta Gaspard nk’umugore n’umugabo kuva mu 1961, bakanemeranya ko Munyampeta Gaspard yapfuye mu 1993. Icyo batemeranyaho ari nacyo kigize impaka muri uru rubanza, ni ukumenya niba hari uburenganzira Nyiramugwera Zilipa afite ku mitungo yasizwe na Munyampeta Gaspard. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza rwasabiwe gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, rwemeje uburyo umutungo wa Munyampeta Gaspard ugomba kuzungurwa, hatarimo Nyiramugwera Zilipa, kubera ko rwasanze atari umugore w’isezerano. [44] Nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, mu myanzuro no mu miburanire ye, Nyiramugwera Zilipa avuga ko yari umugore w’isezerano wa Munyampeta Gaspard, ibyo akabishingira ku nyandiko

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y’abatangabuhamya hamwe n’icyemezo cya Komini Mukingo byemeza ko yasezeranye byemewe n’amategeko na Munyampeta Gaspard mu mwaka wa 1961. [45] Urukiko rurasanga n’ubwo Nyiramugwera Zilipa yemeza ko yasezeranye na Munyampeta Gaspard imbere y’ubuyobozi, hari urubanza No RPA 0301/11/2012 rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 16/11/2012, rwemeje ko icyemezo cyo gushyingirwa No 0897 cyo ku wa 08/11/2000 cyatanzwe n’uwahoze ari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Mukingo kigaragaza ko Nyiramugwera Zilipa yashyingiranywe byemewe n’amategeko na Munyampeta Gaspard, giteshejwe agaciro kubera ko ari igihimbano, kandi urwo rubanza rwabaye itegeko. Ntaho rero uru Rukiko rwahera rwemeza ko Nyiramugwera Zilipa yari umugore w’isezerano wa Munyampeta Gaspard hashingiwe ku bimenyetso atanga byavuzwe haruguru. [46] Urukiko rurasanga ariko nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, ababuranyi bemeranywa ko Nyiramugwera Zilipa yabanye na Munyampeta Gaspard nk’umugore n’umugabo kuva mu mwaka wa 1961. Muri kiriya gihe, hari haragiyeho Iteka ryo ku wa 4/4/195016 ryatangiye gukurikizwa mu Rwanda no mu Burundi ku wa 01/05/195217, aho ingingo yaryo ya 1 yateganyaga ko guhera ku itariki ya 1/1/1951, nta muntu wari wemerewe gushaka undi mugore hatabayeho kubanza gutandukana n’umugore wa mbere (à partir du 1er Janvier 1951, nul ne pourra contracter un nouveau mariage coutumier avant la dissolution ou l’annulation du ou des mariages antérieurs). [47] Hagiyeho Itegeko Nshinga ryo ku wa 24/11/1962, riza rishimangira ko ubuharike butemewe kuko mu ngingo yaryo ya 28, igika cya 1, hateganyijwe ko ubushyingiranwe bw’umugabo umwe n’umugore umwe bukorewe mu butegetsi bwa Leta cyangwa mu idini ari bwo bwonyine bwemewe (Seul le mariage monogamique civil ou religieux est reconnu par la présente Constitution), naho ingingo ya 29 y’iryo Tegeko Nshinga mu gika cyayo cya mbere, ikavuga ko ubuharike bubujijwe (La Polygamie est prohibée). [48] Nyuma y’iryo Tegeko Nshinga ariko, hagiyeho Itegeko ryo ku wa 13/1/1967 rishyiraho umusoro w’abantu, aho ingingo yaryo ya 2 yateganyaga ko muri Komini zose z’u Rwanda, abagore b’ubuharike barongowe mbere y’itangazwa ry’Itegeko Nshinga, bategetswe gusora amafaranga 400 (Le montant de la contribution personnelle minimum due par les femmes des contribuables polygames, autre que la première, mariées avant la promulgation de la Constitution, est fixé uniformément à 400 Frs pour toutes les communes du Rwanda). [49] Nk’uko bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, n’ubwo hagiyeho Iteka n’Itegeko Nshinga byacaga ubuharike, Itegeko ryo ku wa 13/1/1967 ryaje nyuma ryashyizeho umusoro ugomba kwishyurwa n’abagore bashatswe biyongera ku mugore wa mbere. Iri Tegeko ntiryaje risesa ishyingirwa ryabaye hagati y’umugabo umwe n’abagore b’ubuharike, ahubwo ryahisemo kujya risoresha abo bagore. [50] Mu rubanza Nº RCAA 0069/12/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 4/4/201418, rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Mukarurangwa Colette (umugore wa kabiri) yari umugore

16 Hashingiwe kuri O.R.U (Ordonnance du Rwanda-Urundi) nº 21/132 yo ku wa 11/12/1951 rirebana no guca ubuharike. 17 Hashingiwe ku gika cya 2 cy’ingingo 2 ya O.R.U yo ku wa 11/12/1951 “rendant exécutoire au Rwanda (-Urundi) le décret du 4 avril 1950”. 18 Haburana Murengeramanzi Claver na Mukarurangwa Colette, igika cya 31 n’icya 33.

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wemewe n’amategeko ku buryo yabona umugabane ku mutungo wasizwe na Semanzi François bari barashakanye mu mwaka wa 1961. Rwasobanuye ko n’ubwo ku itariki ya 24/11/1962, hagiyeho Itegeko Nshinga ryavugaga ko ubushyingiranwe bwemewe ari ubw’umugabo umwe n’umugore umwe, rikaba ryaracaga ubuharike, ku itariki ya 13/01/1967 hashyizweho itegeko ryateganyaga mu ngingo yaryo ya 2 ko abagore b’ubuharike bagomba gutanga umusoro wa «contribution personnelle minimum». [51] Mu gusesengura iyo ngingo, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasanze Umushingamategeko w’icyo gihe aho guhana abagabo banyuranyije n’Iteka ryacaga ubuharike barongora abagore barenze umwe, yaraciye abo bagore b’ubuharike umusoro, ibyo bikaba biboneka nk’uburyo bwo kubemera. Urukiko rwanashingiye ku gitabo cya Ntampaka Charles cyitwa Manuel de droit Rwandais “Les Personnes et La Famille”, werekana ko abaturage bakomeje gukurikiza umuco wabo, ko Itegeko ritigeze rikurikizwa kuko byagaragaraga ko rinyuranyije n’umuco, kandi ko ubwo bushyingiranywe bwabayeho mbere ya 1962 bufatwa nk’ubwakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko kimwe nk’ubwakorewe imbere y’umwanditsi w’irangamimerere (le mariage de statut coutumier a existé jusqu’à l’adoption de la première constitution le 24 novembre 1962. Ces mariages célébrés avant 1962 produisent des effets civils au même titre que ceux qui sont célébrés à l’état civil. Ceci reste vrai même pour les unions polygamiques conclues selon le droit traditionnel après le premier mai 1952, date à laquelle la polygamie a été prohibée au Rwanda…». [52] Nanone Ntampaka Charles na François Rigaux mu gitabo cyabo ‘’La filiation en droit rwandais: étude de droit africain comparé’’ basobanuye ko guhera taliki ya 1 Gicurasi 1952, ari nayo taliki Itegeko-Teka ryacaga ubuharike ryo ku wa 4 Mata 1950 ryagombaga gutangira kubahirizwa mu Rwanda, kugeza ku italiki ya 24 Ugushyingo 1962, ari nayo taliki iryo Teka ryemejwe mu Itegeko-Nshinga, iryo Teka ritigeze rishyirwa mu bikorwa mu buryo bugaragara kuko ubuyobozi butigeze bufata ingamba zifatika zo kuryubahiriza rikaba ryaraheze mu magambo gusa, ndetse ko n’abaturage bakomeje gukurikiza imico yabo gakondo, ubuharike bukomeza gukorwa bitewe n’uko abanyarwanda batigeze babufata nk’ububangamira amategeko cyangwa imibereho isanzwe ]…]. (La période qui s’étend entre le 1er mai 1952, date de la mise en application du décret du 4 avril 1950 et le 24 novembre 1962, date de sa confirmation par la constitution n’a pas connu un véritable empressement ni de ceux qui devaient faire appliquer le décret ni de la population indigène. En effet, aucune mesure concrète n’a été prise par l’administration et la population a maintenu ses règles coutumières […], cette législation n’eut qu’un effet théorique et ne supprima pas la polygamie. Il faut ajouter que les Rwandais considèrent l’union polygamique comme une union non contraire à l’ordre naturel et juridique)19. [53] Bakomeza basobanura ko iryo Teka ryagize ingaruka gusa ku bantu bashoboraga kugenzurwa ku buryo bworoshye, nk’abatware, ibisonga byabo, abacamanza n’abanditsi b’inkiko zigendera ku muco, n’abandi bakozi bahembwaga n’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu. (Ce décret n’a produit des effets que sur une catégorie des personnes facilement contrôlables notamment les chefs, les sous-chefs, les juges et les greffiers des juridictions coutumières et les fonctionnaires rémunérés par la caisse du pays ou de la Chefferie).

19 C.Ntampaka et F. RigauX, La filiation en droit rwandais: étude de droit africain comparé. Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale, 2001, p.54-55

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[54] Ibivugwa n’aba bahanga mu mategeko byanashimangiwe na James Bucyana, mu nyandiko ye yise “Problématique de la Coutume Inkwano au Rwanda: Approche juridique”, wasobanuye ko inyandiko zitegura ibijyanye n’Iteka ryo ku wa 04/04/1950 ku kibazo cyo guca ubuharike zigaragaza neza ko iki kibazo kitafatwaga nk’igiteye impungenge kuko zisa nk’aho zari izo kwifashishwa igihe habuze ikindi gisubizo […], Leta ikaba yaririnze kwinjira mu ngamba zo kurwanya ubuharike ku buryo bugaragara bitewe n’uko bwafatwaga nk’umuco washinze imizi mu mibereho isanzwe y’abanyarwanda, isanga igihe cyo kuburwanya cyari kitaragera, ko kandi guhita ibikora byashoboraga gutera ibindi bibazo biruta ubuharike ubwabwo […] (les travaux préparatoires du décret du 4/4/1950 relatif à la prohibition de la polygamie expliquent la tolérance affichée à cet égard et surtout le caractère supplétif attaché à certaines dispositions. […] le gouvernement […] s’est gardé de lutter de façon ouverte contre une coutume profondément ancrée dans les mœurs des indigènes et pareille intervention aurait été prématurée et aurait entraîné des maux plus graves que la polygamie elle- même)20. [55] Ku bijyanye n’umugore wo mu buharike, Félicien Ngango21 avuga ko hashingiwe ku muco, umugore uharikanyijwe n’abandi yari afite uburenganzira bungana n’ubwa bagenzi be kuko ishyingirwa rye ryari ryemewe ku rwego rumwe n’urw’ishyingirwa ry’umugore umwe n’umugabo umwe (la femme d’un polygame a exactement les mêmes droits. En effet, il ne pourrait y avoir de distinction, car son mariage est aussi légitime que celui d’une union monogamique22). [56] Ibi byongeye gushimangirwa na Eric Dirix, mu gitabo cye, Les Successions des Polygames, ubwo yasesenguraga urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rusesa imanza ku wa 19/01/1977 aho yavuze ko urwo rubanza rugaragaza ko abagore baharikanyijwe kimwe n’abana babyaye bafite uburenganzira bwo kuzungura umugabo wabo ko kandi hashingiwe ku muco gakondo, izungura ry’umugabo utunze abagore benshi, ritahezaga abagore be bose kuko ryakorwaga rishingiye ku kugena icyo buri mugore muri bo agomba guhabwa (cet arrêt semble reconnaître les droits successoraux des époux d’un polygame et des enfants issus de ces unions […]. Selon la coutume, la succession d’un père polygame se partage en tenant compte des parts concédées à chacune de ses femmes)23. [57] Hashingiwe ku bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga mu bisobanuro bitangwa n’abahanga mu mategeko, humvikanamo ibintu by’ingenzi bikurikira: - Iteka ryo ku wa 04/04/1950 ryatangiye gukurikizwa mu Rwanda no mu Burundi hashingiwe kuri O.R.U Nº 21/132 yo ku wa 11/12/1951 rirebana no guca ubuharike ntabwo ryigeze rikurikizwa kuko ryari rinyuranyije n’umuco, na Leta ikaba nta ngamba zifatika zo guca ubwo buharike yashyizeho. - Iteka ryo ku wa 04/04/1950 ryari rigamije kwigisha abaturage buhoro buhoro bakareka umuco gakondo w’ubuharike. - Ubushyingiranwe bwabayeho mbere y’uko hashyirwaho Itegeko Nshinga ryo ku wa 24/11/1962 bufatwa kimwe nk’ubwakorewe imbere y’umwanditsi w’irangamimerere.

20 J. Bucyana, Problématique de la coutume inkwano au Rwanda: approche juridique. Revue juridique du Rwanda, 1982, vol. 6, No 3-4, p. 283. 21 F. Ngango, La Cour de Cassation fait triompher la coutume sur la Constitution et les Lois. Revue juridique du Rwanda, 1982, vol. VI, no 2, p. 177. 22 Idem. 23 E. DIRIX, Les successions des polygames. Revue juridique du Rwanda, 1979, vol. 3, Nº 4, p. 455-456.

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- Kimwe n’abandi, umugore wo mu buharike afite uburenganzira ku mutungo wasizwe n’umugabo we, bungana n’ubw’umugore wasezeranye imbere y’umwanditsi w’irangamimerere. [58] Urukiko rushingiye ku bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, rusanga kuba Nyiramugwera Zilipa na Munyampeta Gaspard barabanye mu mwaka wa 1961, Itegeko Nshinga rya mbere ryo ku wa 24/11/1962 ritarajyaho, byumvikana ko ubushyingiranwe bwabo bufite agaciro kamwe n’ubwakorewe imbere y’ubuyobozi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Nyiramugwera Zilipa agomba gufatwa nk’umugore wemewe n’amategeko wa Munyampeta Gaspard, nawe akaba afite uburenganzira ku mitungo yasizwe n’umugabo we. [59] Urukiko rurasanga mu rwego rwo gusuzuma imiterere y’uburenganzira Nyiramugwera Zilipa afite ku mitungo yasizwe na Munyampeta Gaspard, uru rubanza rugomba gupfundurwa, ababuranyi bakazabanza kugaragaza ibi bikurikira: - imitungo yose yari iya Munyampeta Gaspard; - iyagurishijwe muri cyamunara cyangwa mu bundi buryo; - umubare w’amafaranga yavuyemo n’abayahawe; - imisoro ku mitungo yishyuwe n’uwayishyuye; - imitungo yanditse ubu kuri Munyampeta Gaspard, agaciro kayo n’abayikoresha cyangwa abayicunga; - n’ibindi byose ababuranyi babona ko ari ngombwa kugaragariza Urukiko byatuma rutanga ubutabera bunoze. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [60] Rwemeje ko Nyiramugwera Zilipa agomba gufatwa nk’umugore wemewe n’amategeko wa Munyampeta Gaspard, akaba afite uburenganzira ku mitungo yasizwe n’umugabo we; [61] Rwemeje ko uru rubanza ruzongera kuburanishwa hasuzumwa ikibazo kirebana n’ingano y’umugabane Nyiramugwera Zilipa yemerewe ku mutungo wasizwe na Munyampeta Gaspard; [62] Rutegetse ababuranyi kuzagaragaza: - imitungo yose yari iya Munyampeta Gaspard; - iyagurishijwe muri cyamunara cyangwa mu bundi buryo; - umubare w’amafaranga yavuyemo n’abayahawe; - imisoro ku mitungo yishyuwe n’uwayishyuye; - imitungo yanditse ubu kuri Munyampeta Gaspard, agaciro kayo n’abayikoresha cyangwa abayicunga; - n’ibindi byose ababuranyi babona ko ari ngombwa kugaragariza Urukiko byatuma rutanga ubutabera bunoze.

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[63] Ruvuze ko itariki urubanza ruzongera kuburanishirizwaho ababuranyi bazayimenyeshwa n’Ubwanditsi bw’Urukiko.