NYIRAMURUTA N’ABANDI v. AB BANK RWANDA LTD

# NYIRAMURUTA N’ABANDI v. AB BANK RWANDA LTD

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2019-06-14 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 00013/2018/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NYIRAMURUTA N’ABANDI v. AB BANK RWANDA LTD [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOMAA 00013/2018/CA (Mukanyundo, P.J., Kanyange na Mukandamage, J.) 14 Kamena 2019] Amategeko agenga amasezerano – Kwishingira umwenda wa banki – Imbibi z’umwishingizi mu kwishyura umwenda yatangiye garanti – Igihe uguza atabashije kuzuza inshingano yo kwishyura amafaranga agomba Banki hashingiwe ku nshingano zifitiwe Garanti, umwishingizi utanga Garanti yishingira kwishyura amafaranga yose agomba kwishyurwa hakurikijwe inshingano zifitiwe Garanti kuko umwishingizi utanga Garanti aba ari mu mwanya w’uwuguza. Amategeko agenga amasezerano – Umwishingizi wishingiye umwenda agatanga ingwate na garanti – Umwishingizi wamaze kwishyura ingano y’umwenda yari yishingiye hashingiwe ku ngwate yari yatanze ntiyasaba gukurirwaho inshingano yari yishingiye atanga garanti kandi ibyo yayitangiye bikaba bitarakuweho n’icyemezo icyo aricyo cyose. Incamake y’ikibazo: AB Bank Rwanda Ltd yahaye inguzanyo Twizeyimana Dieudonné yishingirwa na Rumanyika Kamanzi Aimable na Umutesi Ancilla batanze ingwate y’umutungo wabo ndetse na Umutesi Ancilla wongeye kugirana amasezerano ya garanti hamwe na Nzeyimana Léonce, Nzirera Aimable na Nyiramuruta Berthilde. Uwahawe inguzanyo ntiyishyuye umwenda n’inyungu zawo bituma AB Bank Rwanda Ltd iregera Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge umwenda yatanze, muri urwo rubanza hanaregwamo abishingizi abatanze ingwate n’abakoze amasezerano ya garantie; maze urukiko rwemeza ko Rumanyika Kamanzi Umutesi Ancilla na Nzeyimana Léonce batagomba kwishyura umwenda waregewe kuko barangije inshingano zabo ubwo haguriswaga ingwate batanze. Urukiko kandi rwemeje ko Nzirera Aimable na Nyiramuruta Berthilde bagomba gufatanya kwishyura umwenda wafashwe na Twizeyimana Dieudonné wari ugeze kuri 61.277.006 Frw. Nyiramuruta Berthilde yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi anenga imikirize y’urubanza rwo ku rwego rwa mbere ariko na AB Bank Rwanda itanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi isaba ko yishyurwa ingano y’umwenda aho ugeze. Urukiko rwemeje ko ubujurire rwa Nyiramuruta nta shingiro bufite, ko ubwa AB Bank Rwanda bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; rutegeka Nzirera Aimable na Nyiramuruta Berthilde, Nzeyimana Léonce Umutesi Ancilla kuko yakoze amasezerano ya garanti gufatanya na Twizeyimana Dieudonné kwishyura umwenda wa AB Bank Rwanda wari ugeze kuri 163.007.574 Frw. Nyiramuruta, Nzeyimana Léonce Umutesi Ancilla bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ariko urubanza ruza kwimurirwa mu Urukiko rw’ubujurire kubera ivugurura ry’amategeko. Nyiramuruta yavugaga ko ntacyo yabazwa ku mwenda wafashwe ngo kuko icyo yasinyiye yari ukwemeza ko azi Twizeyimana, Umutesi Ancilla na Nzeyimana Léonce bo bavugaga ko kuba urukiko rwarabonye ko mu masezerano ya garanti harimo urujijo byari bihagije ko nta cyo babazwa. Kuri izi ngingo AB Bank Rwanda yireguye ivuga ko Nyiramuruta Berthilde mu masezerano yagiranye nayo yiyemereraga kwishyura umwenda wa Twizeyimana Dieudonné igihe cyose azaba atawishyuye, ko ntaho yahera avuga ko amasezerano yariranye na banki yari ay’ubugwate kuko

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iyo aza kuba yo, Nyiramuruta yari kuba yaratanze umutungo runaka (ingwate) kugira ngo ube wagurishwa mu gihe uwagurijwe umwenda atubahirije inshingano ze. Ku ngingo z’ubujurire za Nzeyimana Léonce Umutesi Ancilla, AB Bank Rwanda yireguye ivuga ko bafite amasezerano abiri atandukanye arimo ayo ku wa 01/09/2014 ajyanye n’ingwate, hakaba n’andi yo ku wa 02/09/2014, aho bishingiraga umwenda wose, bityo ko amasezerano yavuzwe nta rujijo rurimo. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Igihe uguza atabashije kuzuza inshingano yo kwishyura amafaranga agomba Banki hashingiwe ku nshingano zifitiwe Garanti, umwishingizi utanga Garanti, aha yishingira igihe bisabwe ku nshuro ya mbere na banki, kwishyura amafaranga yose agomba kwishyurwa hakurikijwe inshingano zifitiwe Garanti nk’uko umwishingizi utanga Garanti aba ari mu mwanya w’uwuguza wari wemeye kuba nyiri inshingano bwa mbere. 2. Amafaranga yose ashobora gutangwa n’umwishingizi utanga garanti ntashobora kurenga inshingano umwishingizi utanga garanti yiyemeje gushyira mu bikorwa”. Bityo rero UMUTESI Ancille ntiyakwitwaza ingingo 4 agace ka 6 k’masezerano ya garanti avuga ko inshingano yari afite zanganaga no kwishyura 7.000.000 Frw yemeye mu masezerano y’ingwate kuko ayo masezerano atandukanye naya Garanti. 3. Kuba abajuriye bombi batagaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo baregera bagomba kwishyura umwenda wose nk’uko wagaragajwe na AB BANK RWANDA Ltd. Ubujurire bwatanzwe bw’uwajuriye nta shingiro bufite; Ubujurire bwatanzwe na Umutesi nta shingiro bufite; Ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nzeyimana nta shingiro bufite. Ntagihindutse ku rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi. Amategeko yashingiweho: Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] AB Bank Rwanda Ltd, ivuga ko yahaye Twizeyimana Dieudonné inguzanyo ingana na 7.000.000 Frw, yishingirwa na Rumanyika Kamanzi Aimable, Umutesi Ancilla, Nzeyimana Léonce, Nzirera Aimable na Nyiramuruta Berthilde, bamwe mu bishingizi batanga ingwate, abandi bagirana anasezerano yiswe aya garanti na banki ko bazamwishyurira naramuka atabikoze. Twizeyimana Dieudonné ntiyabashije kwishyura inguzanyo yahawe maze AB Bank Rwanda Ltd imuregana n’abishingizi be kugirango bishyure umwenda harimo n’inyungu zawo. [2] AB Bank Rwanda Ltd yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge, rwaciye urubanza N° RCOM 1526/15/TC/NYGE ku wa 22/12/2016, rwemeza ko umwenda Twizeyimana Dieudonné arimo AB Bank Rwanda Ltd ari 61.277.006 Frw, ko umwenda Kamanzi Rumanyika

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Aimable yarezwe muri uru rubanza waburanwe mu rubanza N° RCOMA 0536/15/HCC ukaba utagomba kongera kuburanwa, kandi ko icyemezo cyafashwe kireba na Umutesi Ancille bafatanyije gutanga ingwate, rwemeza ko nta mafaranga UMUTESI Ancille agomba gutegekwa kwishyura AB Bank Rwanda Ltd. [3] Urukiko rwemeje na none ko inshingano ya Nzeyimana Léonce yarangiye ubwo ingwate yatanze yandikishwaga mu biro by’Umwanditsi Mukuru ikaza no kugurishwa, kandi ko nta mafaranga agomba gutegekwa kwishyura AB Bank Rwanda Ltd. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi kandi rwategetse ko Twizeyimana Dieudonné, Nzirera Aimable, na Nyiramuruta Berthilde bagomba gufatanya kwishyura AB Bank Rwanda Ltd amafaranga y’u Rwanda angana na 61.277.006 Frw no kwishyura 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka no kuyiha amafaranga 50.000 Frw y’igarama yatanze irega, kandi ko nta gihano gihatira kwishyura kigombwa guhabwa abarezwe muri uru rubanza ndetse ko uru rubanza rutagomba kurangizwa by’agateganyo. [4] Nyiramuruta Berthilde yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, AB Bank Rwanda Ltd nayo itanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bwe, urwo Rukiko ruca urubanza N° RCOMAA 00057/2017/CHC/HCC ku wa 14/11/2017, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Nyiramuruta Berthilde nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa AB BANK RWANDA Ltd bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse ku ngano y’umwenda no ku birebana na Rumanyika Kamanzi Aimable na Umutesi Ancille. Rwemeje kandi ko Twizeyimana Dieudonné agomba kwishyura AB Bank Rwanda Ltd umwenda ayibereyemo ugeze kuri 163.007.574 Frw akabikora afatanyije n’abishingizi be Nyiramuruta Berthilde, Nzeyimana Léonce, Nzirera Aimable na Umutesi Ancille. [5] Urukiko rwemeje ko Nyiramuruta Berthilde agomba guha AB Bank Rwanda Ltd ku rwego rw’ubujurire 1.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza harimo n’igihembo cya Avoka, rwemeza ko AB Bank Rwanda Ltd igomba guha Rumanyika Kamanzi Aimable amafaranga 500.000 Frw y’indishyi zo kumushora mu manza nta mpamvu ku rwego rwa mbere. [6] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwategetse Twizeyimana Dieudonné gufatanya n’abishingizi be Nyiramuruta Berthilde, Nzeyimana Léonce, Nzirera Aimable na Umutesi Ancille, kwishyura AB Bank Rwanda Ltd umwenda ugeze kuri 163.007.574 Frw. [7] Nyiramuruta Berthilde, Umutesi Ancille na Nzeyimana Léonce ntibishimiye imikirize y’urubanza maze barujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, Nyiramuruta Berthilde avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwivuguruje mu cyemezo cyarwo kuko rwavuze ko rwanze amasezerano y’ubwishingire kandi ataribyo, Umutesi Ancille we akaba yaravugaga ko kuba Urukiko rwarabonye ko amasezerano y’ubwishingire ateye urujijo, byari bihagije ko Urukiko rutagira uwo rurenganya. Nyuma y’ivugururwa ry’Urwego rw’Ubucamanza, urubanza rwimuriwe mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 105 y’Itegeko no 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko, ikirego gihabwa nº RCOMAA 00013/2018/CA. [8] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryabaye ku wa 22/01/2019, Nyiramuruta Berthilde yunganiwe na Me Ngabo Claude na Me Abasa Fazil, AB Bank Rwanda Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Mutabazi Céléstin na Me Uwizeyimana Jean Baptiste, Twizeyimana Dieudonné atitabye ariko yarahamagajwe ahatazwi mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, Umutesi Ancille ahagarariwe na Me Uwera Solange, Nzeyimana Léonce ahagarariwe na Me Mukabisangana Yvette, habanza gusuzumwa inzitizi

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y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rwajuririwe yatanzwe na AB Bank Rwanda Ltd, ishingiye ku mpamvu y’uko ubujurire bwa Nyiramuruta Berthilde budakwiye kwakirwa kuko yatsinzwe ku rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri ku mpamvu zimwe. [9] Ku wa 15/03/2019 , Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko iyi nzitizi yatanzwe na AB Bank Rwanda Ltd nta shingiro ifite, ko ubujurire bwa Nyiramuruta Berthilde buri mu bubasha bw‘Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, iburaninisha mu mizi rishyirwa ku wa 27/03/2019, uwo munsi ugeze ntirwaburanishwa kubera ko Nzeyimana Léonce atari yitabye nta mpamvu yamenyesheje Urukiko, acibwa ihazabu mbonezamubano kubera gutinza urubanza, iburanisha ryimurirwa ku wa 24/04/2019. [10] Iburanisha ryo ku wa 24/04/2019, ryabaye ababuranyi bunganiwe banahagarariwe nka mbere, na none Nzeyimana Léonce atitabye kandi mu iburanisha ribanza hari Avoka wari waje avuga ko amuhagarariye ariko avuga ko nta myanzuro yateguye, agenda asinyiye iyi tariki. [11] Iburanisha ryabaye umwa Avoka wa Nzeyimana Léonce ntiyitabye, abandi baburanyi basaba ko urubanza ruburanishwa adahari, Urukiko rukazagendera ku myanzuro ye yari yatanze hashingiwe ku ngingo ya Ingingo ya 56 y‘Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO 1. Kumenya niba Nyiramuruta Berthilde, Umutesi Ancile na Nzeyimana Léonce batarishingiye Twizeyimana Dieudonné ku mwenda wose yahawe na AB Bank Rwanda Ltd [12] Nyiramuruta Berthilde na Me Abasa Fasil umwunganira bavuga ko nta mwenda abereyemo AB Bank Rwanda Ltd kandi ko atigeze yishingira umuhungu we Twizeyimana Dieudonné kuko nta ngwate yatanze, ko icyo ayakoze ari uko ukumusinyira yemeza ko amuzi kuko aribyo yari yamusabye. Bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwivuguruje mu kwemeza ko amasezerano yiswe aya Garanti akurikije amategeko, ko Nyiramuruta Berthilde

yishingiye Twizeyimana Dieudonné nyamara rwari rwasanze ijambo ‘’Garanti’’ ritera urujijo. [13] Me ABASA Fasil avuga ko ingingo ya 555 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’Urwunge rw’Amategeko mbonezamubano iteganya ko’’Ubwishingire ntibukekwa; bugomba kwemerwa ku buryo bweruye, kandi ntibushobora kwagurwa ngo burenge inshingano uwishingiye undi yiyemeje. Akaba asabaga amasezerano y’ubwishingire agomba kumvikanwaho neza nta rujijo atera ku buryo n’uyasomye ayumva, ko ariko amasezerano yasinywe na Nyiramuruta Berthilde ubwayo ateye urujijo ku mutwe wayo (Titre) kuko batavuga iyo Garanti yatanze iyo ariyo. Avuga kandi ko ingingo ya 3, agace ka kane k’amasezerano kavuga ko uwishingira kandi utanga garanti yemeye ko kuva ubu ayibikije (Banki) nk’ingwate itanzwe n’umwishingizi; ko rero iyo abihuje n’ingingo ya 555 yavuzwe haruguru, asanaga aya masezerano NYIRAMURUTA Berthilde yagiranye na AB Bank Rwanda Ltd atari gukorwa muri buriya buryo. [14] Me UWERA Solange uhagarariye Umutesi Ancille, avuga ko Urukiko rwabonye ko amasezerano ya Garanti ateye urujijo nk’uko Nyiramuruta Bértilde yabisobanuye, ko kandi ayo masezerano yateguwe na AB Bank Rwanda Ltd ubwayo, ko rero Urukiko rutari kuyasesengura

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ruyiha ukuri kuko ingingo ya 71 y’Itegeko rigenga amasezerano iteganya ko imvugo y’utarayagizemo uruhare ari yo ihabwa agaciro. Avuga ko ikindi giteye impungenge, ni uko Urukiko rumaze kubona ko ayo masezerano ateye urujijo, rwabirenzehyo maze rubumbira hamwe inshingano za Nyiramuruta Bertilde n’iza Umutesi Ancille kandi ari abishingizi batandukanye nk’uko AB BANK Rwanda Ltd ibyivugira. [15] Me Uwera Solange akomeza avuga ko kuba Urukiko rwarabonye ko amasezerano ya Garanti ateye urujijo, byari bihagije ko rutagira uwo rurenganya, rukaba rwari rukwiye guca urubanza rushingiye ku bimenyetso ndetse no ku mvugo z'abishingizi kuko bagaragazaga neza ko mu masezerano ya Garanti hari igice kigaragaza umwishingizi utatanze ingwate nk'uko ingingo ya mbere AB Bank Rwanda Ltd, igaragaza ko umwishingizi yiyemeje kwishyura umwenda wose, n'ibindi, ko hari n'igice kigaragaza umwishingizi utanze ingwate icyo agomba gukora nk'uko ingingo ya 2 y'amasezerano ya Garanti ibigaragaza. [16] Me Mutabazi Céléstin uburanira AB Bank Rwanda Ltd avuga ko amasezerano ya “cautionnemement” adasaba gutiza ingwate kuko banki ireba ko umuntu afite ubushobozi bwo kwishyurira undi, ari nako byagenze kuri Nyiramuruta Berthilde na bagenzi be kuko bemeye kwishingira Twizeyimana Dieudonné. Avuga kandi ko iyo Bank igiye gutanga inguzanyo hakorwa amasezerano asomerwa impande zombi kandi zisinya kuri ayo masezerano, Nyiramuruta Berthilde akaba yarayasinye ari kumwe n’umuhungu we. Kuba avuga ko ari ingwate, sibyo kuko iyo ari ingwate nk’uko bizwi bayisura, bakareba uko imeze n’uko ingana umukozi ubishinzwe akagarura raporo, ikaba iyo iza kuba ingwate yari kwandikishwa no muri RDB. [17] Me Uwizeyimana Jean Baptiste uburanira AB Bank Rwanda Ltd avuga ko amasezerano asobanutse neza, cyane ko agaragaza neza inshingano z’impande zombi zayagiranye aho Nyiramuruta Berthilde yiyemereraga kwishyura umwenda wa Twizeyimana Dieudonné igihe cyose azaba atawishyuye, hakaba ntaho yahera avuga ko yari amasezerano y’ubugwate kuko iyo ayo masezerano aza kuba ari amasezerano arebana n’ingwate, Nyiramuruta Berthilde nk’uko abyivugira mu myanzuro ye yari kuba yaratanze umutungo runaka (ingwate) kugira ngo ube wagurishwa mu gihe uwagurijwe umwenda atubahirije inshingano ze. [18] Ku bireba n’ingingo ya 555 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’Urwunge rw’Amategeko mbonezamubano yavuzwe haruguru, Me Mutabazi Céléstin avuga ko iyi ngingo isobanutse ko ikigomba kwitabwaho ari inshingano, kuba rero bigaragara ko Nyiramuruta Berthilde yishingiye Twizeyimana Dieudonné hakwiye kurebwa ibyo impande zombi zasinyiye n’ibikubiye mu masezerano. [19] Me Uwizeyimana Jean Baptiste uhagarariye AB Bank Rwanda Ltd asobanura ko Umutesi Ancille afite amasezerano abiri atandukanye arimo ayo ku wa 01/09/2014 ajyanye n’ingwate, hakaba n’andi yo ku wa 02/09/2014, aho yishingiraga umwenda wose, ko ari nabyo bigaragara mu mvugo ye mu gika cya 14 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, no mu isesengura ryarwo mu gika cya 23. Bityo ko ayo masezerano yombi atuzuzanya, ko ahubwo buri amwe yihariye ko kandi yanafashweho icyemezo n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi.

a. Ubujurire bwa Nzeyimana Léonce

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[20] Mu mwanzuro watanzwe na Me Nzagahimana Alexis wunganira Nzeyimana Léonce kuri iyi ngingo asobanura ko imyiregurire y’uwo yunganira ari imwe n’iya Umutesi Ancille, ko icyo yongeraho ari uko habaye amasezerano abiri, ayo kuwa 01/09/2014 n’ayo kuwa kuwa 02/09/2014 ko kandi ayo masezerano yuzuzanya. Avuga ko aya kabiri asobanura aya mbere ko kandi yari agamije kwishyura umwenda wa 7.000.000 Frw kandi yawishyuye, asobanura ko atumva impamvu yishyuzwa umwenda wose wa Twizeyimana Dieudonnné kandi ataribyo byari mu masezerano. [21] Ku birebana na Nzeyimana Léonce, Me Uwizeyimana Jean Baptiste uburanira AB Bank Rwanda Ltd asobanura ko nawe ari uko bimeze, ko kandi inshingano biyemeje zikubiye mu ngingo ya mbere yavuzwe haruguru, ko ashingiye ku ngingo ya 64 n’iya 65 y’Itegeko rigenga amasezerano, ibyo abajuriye bavuga ari ugushaka kuvugisha amasezerano ibitayakubiyemo, ko buri wese yishingiye kwishyurira Twizeyimana Dieudonné mu gihe yananiwe kwishyura. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [22] Ingingo ya 64 y’ Itegeko N° 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, iteganya ko ‘’Amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye. Ashobora guseswa ari uko babyumvikanyeho cyangwa ku mpamvu zemewe n'amategeko. Agomba kubahirizwa nta buriganya’’ [23] Ingingo ya 65 y’iri tegeko nayo iteganya ko ‘’Amasezerano ntategeka gusa icyemejwe ahubwo yongeraho n'ingaruka ugushyira mu kuri, imigenzereze cyangwa amategeko byageneye inshingano bikurikije kamere yayo’’ [24] Ingingo 71 y’iri tegeko nayo iteganya ko ‘’ Mu guhitamo igisobanuro cyumvikana ku isezeranya, ku masezerano cyangwa imwe mu ngingo ziyagize, igisobanuro rusange kigenderwaho ni ikitagendera ku ruhande rwatanze amagambo yakoreshejwe cyangwa uruhande rwandikishije inyandiko’’ [25] Ingingo ya 555 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’Urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano iteganya ko’’Ubwishingire ntibukekwa; bugomba kwemerwa ku buryo bweruye, kandi ntibushobora kwagurwa ngo burenge inshingano uwishingiye undi yiyemeje’’ [26] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko Nyiramuruta Berthilde, Umutesi Ancille na Nzeyimana Léonce bishingiye umwenda AB Bank Rwanda Ltd yahaye Twizeyimana Dieudonné ko naramuka atishyuye bo bazamwishyurira; gusa ku rundi ruhande Nyiramuruta Berthilde avuga ko nta masezerano y’ubwishingizi yigeze akora; Umjutesi Ancille na Nzeyimana Léonce bo bakavuga ko amasezerano bakoze ari ay’ingwate kandi ko bazitanze ndetse zanagurishijwe bakaba basaba kurenganurwa kuko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwabategetse kwishyura umwenda wose kandi atariko bimeze mu masezerano. [27] Urukiko rurasanga hari amasezerano y’ubwishingire yasinywe na Rumanyika Kamanzi Aimable ndetse ashyirwaho umukono na Umutesi Ancilla nk’uwo bari bafatanyije umutungo akaba yarasinywe tariki 01/09/2014 ndetse na noteri wa Leta ashyiraho umukono we, muri aya masezerano bakaba barishingiraga umwenda wa Twizeyimana Dieudonné kugeza kuri 7.000.000 Frw gusa.

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[28] Urukiko rurasanga hari urubanza N° RCOMA 0536/15/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 24/12/2015, haburana Rumanyika Kamanzi Aimable na AB Bank Rwanda Ltd, ikiburanwa ari umwenda wa 7.000.000 Frw bari bishingiye, maze Urukiko rwemeza ko agomba kwishyura uwo mwenda yishingiye atabikora hakagurishwa ingwate yatanze. [29] Urukiko rurasanga muri dosiye y’urubanza harimo inyandiko mvugo y’umuhesha w’inkiko yo kurangiza urubanza yemeza ko Rumanyika Kamanzi Aimable yishyuye umwenda wose yari abeyemo AB Bank Rwanda Ltd wategetswe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi uhwanye na 7.000.000Frw. [30] Ku birebana no kuvuga ko Umutesi Ancille yarangije kwishyura umwenda, yari yishingiye, Urukiko rurasanga umwenda avuga ko yari afatanyije n’umugabo we utamureba kuko yari yasinye nk’umuntu bafatanyije umutungo, ahubwo dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko hari andi masezerano we ubwe yasinye ku wa 02/09/2014 (Amasezerano ya Garanti No GU – 01071000007-38) muri aya masezerano akaba yarishingiraga umwenda wa 70.000.000 Frw wahawe Twizeyimana Dieudonné, bityo ko agomba gufatanya n’abandi bishingizi kwishyura uyu mwenda yishingiye. [31] Ku birebana na Nzeyimana Léonce, Urukiko rurasanga nawe yarishingiye umwenda wafashwe na Twizeyimana Dieudonné, bityo akaba agomba gufatanya n’abandi bishingizi be kwishyura uyu mwenda nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, kuko kuvuga ko we yamaze kwishyura ariko nta bimenyetso abitangira, bikaba nta gaciro byahabwa ahubwo agomba kubahiriza amasezerano yashyize ho umukono nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo ryavuzwe haruguru. [32] Kubirebana na Nyiramuruta Berthilde urukiko rurasanga nawe hari amasezerano y’ubwishingire yashyizeho umukono ku wa 02/09/2014 (Amasezerano No GU- 01071000007-38) yishingira umwenda wahawe Twizeyimana Dieudonné, bityo kuvuga ko we atishingiye uriya mwenda kuko nta ngwate yatanze bitahabwa ishingiro ahubwo agomba gufatanya n’abandi bishingizi kwishyura umwenda bishingiye nk’uko bikubiye mu masezerano bagiranye na AB Bank Rwanda Ltd, ibi kandi bikaba biteganywa n’ingingo ya 555 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’Urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano yavuzwe haruguru. [33] Urukiko rurasanga kandi ari nabyo biteganywa mu masezerano Nyiramuruta Berthilde yagiranye na AB Bank Rwanda Ltd mu gace 1.2 aho ivuga ko ‘’ igihe uguza atabashije kuzuza inshingano yo kwishyura amafaranga agomba Banki hashingiwe ku nshingano zifitiwe Garanti, umwishingizi utanga Garanti, aha yishingira igihe bisabwe ku nshuro ya mbere na banki, kwishyura amafaranga yose agomba kwishyurwa hakurikijwe inshingano zifitiwe Garanti nk’uko umwishingizi utanga Garanti aba ari mu mwanya w’uwuguza wari wemeye kuba nyiri inshingano bwa mbere.

b. Ubujurire bwa Umutesi Ancilla 2. Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwarirengagije ko rwari rwaramaze gufata icyemezo ku mafaranga Umutesi Ancille yagombaga kwishyura kikaba itegeko mu rubanza N° RCOMA 0536/15/HCC

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[34] Me Uwera Solange uburanira Umutesi Ancille avuga ko urukiko rwirengagije nkana imyiregurire ye, kandi yaragaragarije urukiko ko yamaze kwishyura uruhare rwe nk'uko byategetswe mu rubanza N° RCOMA 0536/15/HCC, aho Kamanzi Rumanyika Urukiko rwamutegetse kwishyura 7.000.000 Frw, kandi mu kwishyura ayo mafaranga hakaba harimo uruhare rwa Umutesi Ancille kuko bombi bari barashakanye kandi bemeye gutanga ingwate ibanditseho bombi bakemera kwishyura 7.000.000 Frw, urubanza rukaba rwarabaye itegeko. Ndetse KAMANZI Rumanyika Aimable na Umutesi Ancille bakaba barishyuye amafaranga yategetswe. [35] Me Uwizeyimana Jean Baptiste uburanira AB Bank Rwanda Ltd, avuga ko Umutesi Ancille atagomba gushingira ku rubanza N° RCOMA 0536/15/HCC aho we na Rumanyika batanze ingwate bishingira umwenda wafashwe na Twizerimana Dieudonné, kuko Umutesi Ancille hari andi masezerano yakoze yo kwishingira umwenda wose wa Twizerimana Dieudonné akaba yarayasinye wenyine, bikaba byarashimangiwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi cyane cyane mu gika cya [23] cy’insharubanza y’urubanza N° RCOMA 00057/2017/CHC/HCC nyuma y’uko rutahuye neza ko Umutesi Ancille yakoze andi masezerano ubwo yishingiraga umwenda wose kandi akaba yarayasinye wenyine bityo atandukanye n’ayo yasinye afanyije na Rumanyika Kamanzi Aimable. [36] Me Mutabazi Céléstin nawe uburanira AB Bank Rwanda Ltd avuga kandi ko ingingo ya 1.1 y’amasezerano N° GU-01071000007-38 Umutesi Ancille yashyizeho umukono, yishingira uguza kuri Banki ko azishyura amafaranga yose kandi akuzuza inshingano ze; n’ingingo ya 1.2 igateganya ko igihe uguza atabashije kuzuza inshingano yo kwishyura amafaranga agomba Banki hashingiwe ku nshingano zifitiwe Garanti, umwishingizi aha yishingira igihe bisabwe ku nshuro ya mbere na Banki kwishyura amafaranga yose agomba kwishyura, aya masezerano akaba atandukanye n’amasezerano y’ingwate Nº CO- 0107100000-38 AB Bank Rwanda Ltd yakoranye na Rumanyika Kamanzi Aimable akaba ari nayo urubanza N° RCOMA 0536/15/HCC rwari rushingiyeho. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [37] Ingingo ya 64 y’ Itegeko N° 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, iteganya ko Amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye. Ashobora guseswa ari uko babyumvikanyeho cyangwa ku mpamvu zemewe n'amategeko. Agomba kubahirizwa nta buriganya. [38] Ingingo ya ngingo ya 555 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’Urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano iteganya ko Ubwishingire ntibukekwa; bugomba kwemerwa ku buryo bweruye, kandi ntibushobora kwagurwa ngo burenge inshingano uwishingiye undi yiyemeje. [39] Urukiko rusanga ibyo kuvuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwirengagije ko hari icyemezo N° RCOMA 0536/15/HCC cyabaye itegeko cyemeje ko Umutesi Ancille n’umugabo we bafatanya kwishyura 7,000,000 Frw biyemeje mu masezerano y’ingwate bitahabwa ishingiro kuko ayo masezerano atandukanye nayo kwishingira umwenda wose. [40] Urukiko rurasanga ingingo ya 4 agace ka 6 ka amasezerano ya garanti yasinyweho na UMUTESI Ancille rusanga ateganya ko “amafaranga yose ashobora gutangwa n’umwishingizi

## Page 9

utanga garanti muri iyi ngwate ntashobora kurenga inshingano umwishingizi utanga garanti yiyemeje gushyira mu bikorwa”. Bityo rero UMUTESI Ancille ntiyakwitwaza ingingo 4 agace ka 6 ka amasezerano ya garanti avuga ko inshingano yari afite zanganaga no kwishyura 7.000.000 Frw yemeye mu masezerano y’ingwate, kandi yabikoze kuko ayo masezerano atandukanye naya Garanti. [41] Urukiko rusanga agomba kwishyura amafaranga yose aturuka ku kwangirika, igihombo, inyungu ziva ku kuba uguza atarubahirije inshingano ziteganyijwe cyangwa atishyura uko biteganyijwe nkuko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 4 agace ka 3 k’amasezerano ya garanti ; ibi bikaba bisobanuye ko umwishingizi utanga Garanti aba yishingiye umwenda wose. [42] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo kuvuga ko yari yaramaze kwishyura abitegetswe mu rubanza N° RCOMA 0536/15/HCC bitahabwa ishingiro hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru. 3. Kumenya ingano y’umwenda Nyiramuruta Bérthilde, Umutesi Ancilla na Nzeyimana Léonce babereyemo AB Bank Rwanda Ltd [43] Nyiramuruta Berthilde na Me Abasa FASIL umwunganira bavuga ko, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwavuze ko umwenda wose ugomba kwishyurwa ungana na 163.007.574 Frw rushingiye kuri historique ya AB Bank Rwanda Ltd kuko ntawayivugurije ariko ibi atari byo kuko mu gihe cyose atemera amasezerano yabaye, binasobanura neza ko n’umwenda uvugwa atawemera, bavuga kandi ko uyu mwenda Urukiko rwemeje atariwo cyane ko umwenda wari wemejwe mbere n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge wari 61.277.006 Frw, ko kandi wagiye wishyurwa, bikaba bitumvikana ukuntu uyu mwenda wagiye wiyongera, bavuga kandi ko inyungu zidashobora gukomeza kubarwa kubera ko amasezerano yaseshwe tariki ya 28/11/2014. [44] Me Uwizeyimana Jean Baptiste uburanira AB Bank Rwanda Ltd avuga ko ibyo Nyiramuruta Beltilde avuga ari ukwirengagiza amasezerano yakoranye na AB Bank Rwanda Ltd kandi ko no mu rubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko rushingiye kuri “Historique Bancaire”, rwemeje ko umwenda ugomba kwishyurwa ungana na 163, 007, 574 Frw nyamara ujurira akaba ataravuguruje ingano yawo. Avuga ko guhakana umwenda n’ingano yawo byagombaga gushyigikirwa n’ibimenyetso cyane ko atigeze avuguruza iyo “historique” AB Bank Rwanda Ltd yagaragaje. Umwenda remezo wanganaga na 61, 472, 201 Frw ariko impande zombi zari zarumvikanye ko inyungu zisanzwe ndetse n’inyungu z’ubukererwe zakomeza kubarwa kandi ko zagombaga no kugenwa igihe cyose umwenda wose utarishyurwa. [45] Me Uwera Solange uburanira Umutesi Ancille avuga ko Urukiko rwagaragaje ko abishingizi bagomba kwishyura 163.007.574 Frw, rwirengagiza ko AB Bank Rwanda Ltd yari yarasheshe amasezerano na Twizeyimana Dieudonné ubwo yiyemezaga gutangira kwishyuza abishingizi, nk'uko ingingo ya 8.4 y'amasezerano y'inguzanyo iteganya ko Banki ifite uburenganzira busesuye bwo gusesa ku giti cyayo amasezerano no gusaba amafaranga yose y'inguzanyo atarishyurwa n'inyungu zayo no gufatira ingwate rwirengagiza ko ku wa 28/11/2014, AB Bank Rwanda Ltd ubwayo yandikiye Twizeyimana Dieudonné ndetse n'abishingizi aribo Umutesi Ancille, Kamanzi Rumanyika Aimable n'abandi ibamenyesha ko ubukererwe bumaze kuba ubw'iminsi 15, bityo itari yemerewe gukomeza kubara inyungu n'indishyi izo ari zo zose ishingiye ku masezerano yari amaze guseswa ko amafaranga agomba kwishyurwa AB Bank Rwanda Ltd yishyuza angana na 53.000.000 Frw.

## Page 10

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [46] Ingingo ya 12 y’ itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda. Naho uvuga ko atagitegetswe gukora icyo yategekwaga gukora cyagaragajwe n’ibimenyetso agomba kugaragaza impamvu zakimukuyeho. Iyo abiburiye ibimenyetso, uwo baburana aramutsinda [47] Nyiramuruta Berthilde na Umutesi Ancille bavuga ko uyu mwenda wabazwe mu buryo butari bwo ndetse banenga icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kubyerekeranye n’ingano y’umwenda bagomba kwishyura. [48] Urukiko rushingiye ku kuba abajuriye bombi batagaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo baregera, ndetse runashingiye kuri historique y’umwenda yatanzwe na AB Bank Rwanda Ltd batabashije kuvuguruza, runashingiye ku ngingo ya 12 yavuzwe haruguru, ndetse no ku ngingo ya 555 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’Urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano rurasanga Nyiramuruta Berthilde, Umutesi Ancille, Nzeyimana Léonce na Twizeyimana Dieudonné bagomba gufatanya kwishyura amafaranga angana 163.007.574 Frw bityo icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kuri iyi ngingo kikaba kidahindutse. 4. Ku birebana n’indishyi zasabwe muri uru rubanza [49] Me Uwizeyimana Jean Baptiste uburanira AB Bank Rwanda Ltd avuga ko kuba Nyiramuruta Bertilde yarashoye AB Bank Rwanda Ltd mu nkiko ku makosa ye bigatuma itakaza amafaranga atandukanye arimo ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’ayo yishyuye abavoka bayihagarariye mu nkiko, asaba Urukiko kumutegeka gusubiza AB Bank Rwanda Ltd, 1,000,000 Frw yakoreshejwe mu ikurikiranarubanza, akanayisubiza 3,000,000 Frw AB Bank Rwanda Ltd yishyuye abavoka bayihagarariye ; yose hamwe akaba 4, 000, 000 Frw. [50] Nyiramuruta Bérthilde na Me Abasa FAZIL bavuga ko izi ndishyi, nta shingiro zifite, ko ahubwo ari Nyiramuruta Bérthilde ugomba guhabwa indishyi zingana na 3.000.000 Frw yasabye ku rwego rwa mbere n'urwa kabiri, 1.000.000 Frw y'igihembo cya Avoka na 500.000 Frw y'ikurikiranarubanza. [51] Mu mwanzuro watanzwe na Me Bugingo John Bosco Uhagarariye AB Bank Rwanda Ltd yiregura avuga ko Nyiramuruta Bertilde nta mafaranga yahabwa kuko ari we wishe amasezerano ntanubahirije icyemezo cy'urukiko. [52] Me UWERA Solange, uhagarariye Umutesi Ancille, nawe yiregura avuga ko izi ndishyi nta shingiro zahabwa. Ahubwo asabira uwo yunganira indishyi z'akakabaro zingana na 5.000.000 Frw kuko AB Bank Rwanda Ltd imwishyuza amafaranga yari yaremeye kwishingira Twizeyimana Dieudonné kandi yaramaze kuyishyura. Asaba kandi 3.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [53] Mu mwanzuro watanzwe na Me BUGINGO John Bosco uhagarariye AB Bank Rwanda Ltd yiregura avuga ko izi ndishyi Umutesi Ancille asaba nta shingiro zifite ashingiye uko ariwe wishe amasezerano ashora Banki mu manza zitari ngombwa.

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[54] Mu mwanzuro watanzwe na Me Nzagahimana Alexis wunganira Nzeyiamana Léonce asaba AB Bank Rwanda Ltd indishyi zingana na 3.000.000 Frw akubiyemo ikurikiranarubanza n'igihembo cy’avoka. [55] Abahagarariye AB Bank Rwanda Ltd bavuga ko izi ndishyi ntazo banki yatanga kuko Nzeyimana Léonce nawe ari mu bahemukiye banki yanga kubahiriza amasezerano bagiranye. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [56] Ingingo ya 111, igika cya kabiri, y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’manza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko ‘’Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranrubanza kiburanishirizwa hamwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikaburanishwa niyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe’’. [57] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza asabwa na AB BANK RWANDA Ltd afite ishingiro, kuko kuba hari abanyamategeko bakurikiranye urubanza kuva rwajuririrwa kuri uru rwego bakanaruburana, byumvikana ko hari amafaranga yabishyuye kandi hakaba n’ayakoreshejwe ikurikirana urubanza, ko harebwe ibyo byose byakozwe 1.500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka isaba akwiriye, buri muburanyi akaba agomba kwishyura 500.000 Frw. [58] Ku birebana n’indishyi zasabwe muri uru rubanza, urukiko rurasanga ari nyinshi, rukaba rutegetse Twizeyimana Dieudonné, Nyiramuruta Bertilde, Umutesi Ancille na Nzeyimana Léonce kwishyura AB Bank Rwanda Ltd 1.500.000 Frw, bafatanyije akubiyemo ay’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [59] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nyiramuruta Berthilde nta shingiro bufite; [60] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Umutesi Ancille nta shingiro bufite; [61] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nzeyimana Léonce nta shingiro bufite; [62] Rutegetse Twizeyimana Dieudonné, gufatanya n’abishingizi be Nyiramuruta Berthilde, Umutesi Ancille na Nzeyimana Léonce kwishyura AB Bank Rwanda Ltd 163.007.574 Frw no kuyishyura indishyi zingana na 1.500.000 Frw akubiyemo igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego. [63] Ruvuze ko ku bindi nta gihindutse ku rubanza Nº RCOMA 00057/2017/CHC/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 14/11/2017.