NYIRANDEGEYA N’UNDI V. SAHAM ASSURANCE RWANDA LTD

# NYIRANDEGEYA N’UNDI V. SAHAM ASSURANCE RWANDA LTD

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2017-08-09 - Case/document no.: RC 00011/2017/TGI/NYG - Collection: Intermediate Court

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NYIRANDEGEYA N’UNDI V. SAHAM ASSURANCE RWANDA LTD [Rwanda URUKIKO RWISUMBUYE RWA NYAGATARE – RC 00011/2017/TGI/NYG (MAJYAMBERE, P.J.,) 09 Kanama 2017] Amategeko agenga ubwishingizi – indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka y’ikinyabiziga bifite ubwishingizi – Ibishingirwaho mu kuzibara – Umushahara muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko – Igipimo cy’ibitsa – Umushahara muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko (SMIG) ushingirwaho mu kubara indishyi ni ugaragazwa n’ibyemezo by’Inkiko, naho igipimo cy’ibitsa kikagaragazwa na Banki Nkuru y’ u Rwanda. Incamake y’ikibazo: Imodoka ifite ubwishingizi bwa SAHAM yakoze impanuka yahitanye Nizeyimana Theogene. Abagize umuryango we bagizwe n’umugore we Nyirandegeya Regine, abana be bane (4) Rwibutso Daniel, Dushimirimana Samuel, Uwiragiye Sandrine na Niyogisubizo Claudine, ababyeyi be aribo Ntahompagaze Claude na Mukamana Patricie n’abavandimwe batanu (5) aribo Nyituriki, Mutuyimana Josephine, Nyirambarushimana Alphonsine, Uwiringiyimana Télésphore na Ndacyayisenga baregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare basaba indishyi zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka zigizwe n’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, indishyi mpozamarira, n’amafaranga yagiye kuri nyakwigendera. Abarebwa n’ikibazo ntibumvikanye ku buryo indishyi zigomba gutangwa zabarwa, aho ku ruhande rumwe abarega batangiyeikirego basaba ko zashingirwa kuri 2500 Frw ku kwezi, nyuma mu kirego cy’inyongera bagasaba ko zishingira kuri 3000 Frw yagenywe mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga; no ku gipimo cy’ibitsa cya 8%; mu gihe SAHAM yo ko hashingirwa kuri 2,500 Frw yasabwe mbere kuko byaba ari uguhindura ikirego amategeko atabyemera; ku bijyanye n’igipimo cy’ibitsa igasaba ko hagenderwa ku kigaragara ku rubuga rwa BNR naho ku mafaranga batakaje kuri nyakwigendera hakazatangwa ayagaragarijwe ibimenyetso. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka zibarwa hashingiwe ku mushahara muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko uhwanye na 3,000 Frw hashingiwe ku byemezo bifatwa kenshi n’Inkiko, mu minsi 30 y’akazi ku kwezi. 2. Igipimo cy’ibitsa gishingirwaho mu kubara indishyi ni ikigaragazwa na Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu. Ikirego gifite ishingiro. Amagarama y’urubanza asubizwa abareze. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/6/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi (Ryavanyweho), ingingo ya 4;

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Iteka rya Perezida Nº31/01 ryo kuwa 25/8/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ingingo ya 2, iya 22 n’iya 23. Imanza zifashishijwe: Umuhoza P. n’abandi na SORAS AG Ltd, Urubanza RCAA 0049/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/11/2016; Nyetera JB na CORAR Ltd, urubanza RCAA0202/07/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 09/04/2009. Nta nyandiko z’abahanga zakoreshejwe: Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Abarega bavuga ko taliki ya 08/09/2016 mu murenge wa Rugarama, akarere ka Gatsibo, Nizeyimana Théogène yagonzwe n’imodoka TOYOTA COASTER RAC 129 Q bimuviramo urupfu, akaba yarasize umugore umwe (1) ari we Nyirandegeya Regine, abana bane (4) aribo Rwibutso Daniel, Dushimirimana Samuel, Uwiragiye Sandrine, Niyogisubizo Claudine, ababyeyi babili (2) aribo Ntahompagaze Claude , Mukamana Patricie n’abavandimwe batanu (5) aribo Nyiturikimutuyimana Josephine, Nyirambarushimana Alphonsine, Uwiringiyimana Télésphore na Ndacyayisenga Frodouald, akaba yari afite imyaka mirongo itatu n’irindwi (37). Bavuga ko Taliki ya 01/12/2016 bashyikirije SAHAM ASSURANCE RWANDA ibyangombwa byose bisabwa kugira ngo bashobore kubarirwa Indishyi binyuze mu bwumvikane, ibihe biteganywa n’amategeko birangira SAHAM itarerekana ubushake bwo kumvikana. [2] Akaba rero ariyo mpamvu baregeye urukiko basaba indishyi zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka yahitanye Nizeyimana Théogène zirimo indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, indishyi mpozamarira ku mugore we, abana ,ababyeyi n’abavandimwe ba nyakwigendera. [3] Mu kubara izo ndishyi zose, abarega bashingiye ku mushahara fatizo w’amafaranga ibihumbi bitatu (3.000Frws) ku munsi, iminsi mirongo itatu (30) y’akazi, igipimo cy’ibitsa cya 8%. Bagahabwa kandi n’amafaranga y’ibyo batakaje kuri nyakwigendera. [4] SAHAM ASSURANCE RWANDA ivuga ko ku bijyanye n’umushahara fatizo abarega bahereyeho, babarirwa ku mafaranga ibihumbi bibili Magana atanu (2.500Frws) ku munsi kuko batanga ikirego ariyo basabye bityo gusaba kubarirwa kuri bitatu (3.000Frws) bakaba baba bahinduye ikirego kandi amategeko atabyemera. Ku bijyanye n’igipimo cy’ibitsa hakagenderwa ku gipimo kigaragara ku rubuga rwa BNR naho ku mafaranga batakaje kuri nyakwigendera hakazatangwa ayagaragarijwe ibimenyetso. [5] Urubanza rwaburanishirijwe mu ruhame tariki ya 12/07/2017, abarega bahagarariwe na Me Matimbano Barton naho SAHAM ASSURANCE RWANDA ihagarariwe na Me Bizimana Emmanuel.

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[6] Urukiko rukaba rugomba gusuzuma ibikurikira: Kumenya SMIG (umushahara muto) washingirwaho mu kubarira abarega indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu n’iz’akababaro. Kumenya igipimo cy’ibitsa cyashingirwaho mu kubara indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu. Kumenya indishyi zatangwa ndetse no kureba niba hatangwa indishyi z’ibyatakajwe kuri nyakwigendera. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA a) Kumenya SMIG (umushahara muto) washingirwaho mu kubara indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu n’ iz’akababaro. [7] Me Matimbano Barton uhagarariye abarega avuga ko umushahara muto washingirwaho mu kubara indishyi bagendeyeho batanga ikirego ari wo w’amafaranga ibihumbi bibili magana atanu (2.500Frws) wahinduka ukaba ibihumbi bitatu (3.000Frws) ku munsi nk’uko yategetswe mu rubanza RCAA 0049/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 25/11/2016 bityo ingano y’indishyi ziregerwa zose hamwe zikaba miliyoni cumi na zirindwi ibihumbi mirongo irindwi na bibili magana inani makumyabili n’abili (17.072.822 Frws). [8] Me Bizimana Emmanuel akavuga ko urukiko rwahera ku mushahara wari wasabwe abarega batanga ikirego kuko bigenze uko babisaba baba bahinduye ikirego kandi bitemewe nk’uko biteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 4 y’itegeko no 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/6/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. [9] Ingingo ya 4 y’itegeko no 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/6/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko:« ikiburanwa kigenwa n’ibisabwa na buri muburanyi. Ibisabwa bigaragazwa n’inyandiko itangiza ikirego n’imyanzuro yo kwiregura. Mu iburanisha umuburanyi ntashobora guhindura ikirego ababuranyi bose batabyemeye.....». [10] Urukiko rugasanga ibivugwa na Me Bizimana Emmanuel nta shingiro byahabwa kuko uhagarariye abarega yasabye ko umushahara waherwaho mu kubara mu mwanzuro we w’inyongera yashyikirije urukiko bigaragara ko yayasabye kandi mu nama ntegurarubanza byaragaragajwe, mu gihe SAHAM itigeze yitabira iyo nama ntegurarubanza ngo bagire icyo babivugaho. [11] Ikindi ntaho amategeko abuza imyanzuro y’inyongera cyane ko ibyo uhagarariye abaregwa yasabaga byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RCAA 0049/14/CS rwaciwe kuwa 25/11/2016 hagati ya Umuhoza Pacifique na bagenzi be na SORAS AG LTD aho uru Rukiko rwemeje ko umushahara muto, bitewe n’aho ibihe bigeze, ugomba kuba ibihumbi bitatu (3.000 Frws) ku munsi, bityo rero akaba aribyo bigomba gushingirwaho habarwa indishyi muri uru rubanza cyane ko itegeko rivuga ko guhindura ikiburanwa bibujijwe mu iburanisha nk’uko byagaragajwe mu ngingo y’itegeo ryasobanuwe mu gika cya 9. b) Kumenya igipimo cy’ibitsa cyashingirwaho mu kubara indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu.

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[12] Mu kubara indishyi Me Matimbano Barton yashingiye ku gipimo cy’ibitsa cya 8%, mu iburanisha agasaba ko hashingirwa ku gipimo cy’ibitsa kigaragara kuri site ya BNR. [13] Me Bizimana Emmanuel uhagarariye SAHAM ASSURANCE RWANDA akemera ko hashingirwa ku gipimo cy’ibitsa kigaragara kuri site ya BNR. [14] Ingingo ya 2 y’Iteka y’Iteka rya Perezida No31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga iteganya ko igipimo cy'ibitsa ari igipimo cy'inyungu gikoreshwa mu gushyira ku gihe inyungu zigomba kuzishyurwa uwahohotewe cyangwa abafite uburenganzira ku munsi wo gutanga indishyi y'ibangamirabukungu. Icyo gipimo kingana nibura n'igipimo cy'inyungu y'ibitsa ikoreshwa n'amabanki. [15] Urukiko rurasanga abarega barabaze indishyi bashingiye ku gipimo cy’ibitsa cya 8%, ariko iyo urebye ku rubuga rwa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda usanga icyo gipimo kiri ku 8.57% (reba kuri webside yayo: http://www.bnr.rw/index.php?id=170&no_cache=1 yasuwe kuwa 25/07/2017), bityo rero akaba aricyo gikwiye gushingirwaho habarwa indishyi. c) Ku kibazo cyo kumenya indishyi zatangwa na SAHAM ASSURANCE RWANDA zikomoka ku mpanuka yahitanye Nizeyimana Théogène. [16] Me Matimbano Barton uburanira abaregwa avuga ko urukiko rwabagenera indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hashingiwe ku mushahara w’ibihumbi bitatu (3.000Frws), iz’akababaro zigomba kugenerwa umugore we Nyirandegeya Regine, abana be, ababyeyi ndetse n’ababyeyi be. [17] Uhagarariye SAHAM ASSURANCE RWANDA akavuga ko indishyi zisabwa bemera kuzitanga babariye ku mushahara w’ibihumbi bibili magana atanu (2.500Frws) ku munsi. [18] Ingingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida No31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga ivuga ko « ibangamirabukungu rukorewe abafite uburenganzira bitewe n’urupfu rw’umuntu ritangirwa indishyi hakurikijwe umusaruro uva ku murimo umuntu atahana ....abafite uburenganzira ku buryo bwumvikana ko bari batunzwe n’uwahohotewe nibo bonyine bashobora guhabwa indishyi . Amafaranga ahabwa abafite uburenganzira bose hamwe ntagomba kurenga 2/3 by’umusaruro wavuzwe ukomoka ku murimo atahana ....». [19] Urukiko rugasanga hashingiwe ku byagaragajwe mu bika bya 11 na 12 indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zatangwa na SAHAM ASSURANCE RWANDA zikwiye kubarwa mu buryo bukurikira: Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu (préjudice économique) ni: .5.930.109 frw. Aya mafaranga agahabwa Nyirandegeya Régine n’abana yabyaranye na Nizeyimana Théogène aribo Rwibutso Daniel, Dushimirimana Samuel, Uwiragiye Sandrine na Niyogisubizo Claudine.

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[20] Ingingo ya 23 y’Iteka rya Perezida No31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga ivuga ko « amafaranga atangwa ku ibangamira ry’umubano igihe umuntu apfuye agomba guhabwa abantu bavugwa hepfo kandi hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’iri teka: - Uwo bashakanye: 1 x umushahara ntarengwa w’umwaka wemewe n’amategeko - Ababyeyi n’abana bemewe n’amategeko: 0.75 x umushahara ntarengwa w’umwaka wemewe n’amategeko - Abavandimwe : 1 x umushahara ntarengwa w’umwaka swemewe n’amategeko ». Urukiko rugasanga indishyi z’akababaro zigomba guhabwa aba bakurikira kandi mu buryo bukurikira: Indishyi y’akababaro kuri Nyirandegeya Regine (Pretium doloris): 1x3000 Frwx30x12=1.080.000 Frw Indishyi y’akababaro kuri Ntahompagaze Claude (Pretium doloris): 0,75x30 frwx30x12=810,000 Frw Indishyi y’akababaro kuri Mukamana Patricie (Pretium doloris): 0,75x30 frwx30x12=810,000 Frw Indishyi y’akababaro kuri Rwibutso Daniel (Pretium doloris): 0,75x30 frwx30x12=810,000 Frw Indishyi y’akababaro kuri Dushimirimana Samuel (Pretium doloris): 0,75x30 frwx30x12=810,000 Frw Indishyi y’akababaro kuri Uwiragiye Sandrine (Pretium doloris): 0,75x30 frwx30x12=810,000 Frw Indishyi y’akababaro kuri Niyogisubizo Claudine (Pretium doloris): 0,75x30 frwx30x12=810,000 Frw Indishyi y’akababaro kuri Nyituriki (Pretium doloris): 0,75x30 frwx30x12=810,000 Frw Indishyi y’akababaro kuri Mutuyimana Josephine (Pretium doloris): 0,75x30 frwx30x12=810,000 Frw Indishyi y’akababaro kuri Nyirambarushimana Alphonsine (Pretium doloris): 0,75x30 frwx30x12=810,000 Frw Indishyi y’akababaro kuri Uwiringiyimana Télésphore (Pretium doloris): 0,75x30 frwx30x12=810,000 Frw Indishyi y’akababaro kuri Ndacyayisenga Frodouald (Pretium doloris): 0,75x30 frwx30x12=810,000 Frw

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d) Ku kibazo cyo kumenya indishyi z’ibyatakajwe kuri Nizeyimana Théogène n’igihembo cy‘umwunganizi. [21] Me Matimbano Barton uburanira abarega avuga ko urukiko rwasubiza Nyirandegeya Regine amafaranga yatakaje ku mugabo we harimo amafaranga ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itanu (150.000Frws) yaguze isanduku yo gushyinguramo, amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabili (20.000Frws) yo gupima umurambo, ibihumbi ijana (100.000Frws) by’imodoka yatwaye umurambo n’andi ma factures ahwanye n’ibihumbi mirongo ine na magana atandatu (40.600Frws) ndetse n’igihembo cy’umwunganizi kingana na miliyoni imwe (1.000.000Frws) y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuko ari nawe wabahagarariye igihe cy’ubwumvikane na SAHAM. [22] Uhagarariye SAHAM ASSURANCE RWANDA akavuga ko amafaranga yagaragarijwe ibimenyetso bemera kuyatanga ariyo ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itanu (150.000Frws) yaguze isanduku yo gushyinguramo, ibihumbi ijana (100.000Frws) by’imodoka , amafaranga ibihumbi bitanu (5.000Frws) ya attestation ndetse n’ibihumbi cumi na bibili (12.000Frws) bya PV de constant. Ku gihembo cya avocat bakemera gutanga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frws) byonyine. [23] Urukiko rurasanga ,nk’uko byemezwa n’uhagarariye SAHAM ASSURANCE RWANDA amafaranga agomba gusubizwa ari ibihumbi magana abili mirongo itandatu na birindwi (267.000Frws) akubiyemo ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itanu (150.000Frws) yaguze isanduku yo gushyinguramo, ibihumbi ijana (100.000Frws) by’imodoka , amafaranga ibihumbi bitanu (5.000Frws) ya attestation ndetse n’ibihumbi cumi na bibili(12.000Frws) bya PV de constant. Urukiko rubona kandi igihembo cy’umwunganizi cyatangwa ari ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frws) kuko n’ubwo ari we wasabye ubwumvikane, bigaragara ko ntabwigeze bubaho bagahitamo kurega. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [24] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Nyirandegeya Regine, Ntahompagaze Claude , Mukamana Patricie, Rwibutso Daniel, Dushimirimana Samuel, UWIRAGIYE Sandrine, Niyogisubizo Claudine, Nyituriki, Mutuyimana Josephine, Nyirambarushimana Alphonsine, Uwiringiyimana Télésphore na Ndacyayisenga Frodouald bifite ishingiro. [25] Rutegetse SAHAM ASSURANCE RWANDA guha Nyirandegeya Regine n’abana be yabyaranye na Nizeyimana Théogène amafaranga miliyoni eshanu ibihumbi magana acyenda mirongo itatu n’ijana n’icyenda (5,930,109 Frws) y’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, [26] Rutegetse SAHAM ASSURANCE RWANDA guha Nyirandegeya Regine Indishyi z’akababaro zingana na miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi mirongo inani (1,080,000 Frw). [27] Rutegetse SAHAM ASSURANCE RWANDA guha Rwibutso Daniel, Dushimirimana Samuel, Uwiragiye Sandrine, Niyogisubizo Claudine amafaranga ibihumbi magana inani na cumi (810.000 Frws) y‘Indishyi y’akababaro buri wese, bakayafatirwa na Nyirandegeya Regine.

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[28] Rutegetse SAHAM ASSURANCE RWANDA guha Ntahompagaze Claude, Mukamana Patricie amafaranga ibihumbi magana inani na cumi (810.000 Frws) y’indishyi y’akababaro, buri wese. [29] Rutegetse SAHAM ASSURANCE RWANDA guha Nyituriki, Mutuyimana Josephine NYIRAMBARUSHIMANA Alphonsine, Uwiringiyimana Télésphore na Ndacyayisenga Frodouald amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu mirongo ine (540.000 Frws) y’indishyi y’akababaro, buri wese. [30] Rutegetse SAHAM ASSURANCE RWANDA guha Nyirandegeya Regine amafaranga ibihumbi magana arindwi mirongo itandatu na birindwi (767.000Frws) akubiyemo ibyo yatakaje n’igihembo cya avocat. [31] Rutegetse SAHAM ASSURANCE RWANDA gusubiza Nyirandegeya Regine, Ntahompagaze Claude, Mukamana Patricie, Nyituriki, Mutuyimana Josephine, Nyirambarushimana Alphonsine, Uwiringiyimana Télésphore na Ndacyayisenga Frodouald amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo itanu (50.000Frws), buri wese, yatanze yinjiza ikirego.