IMIRONGO SC MAY – SEPTEMBER -2024

# IMIRONGO SC MAY – SEPTEMBER -2024

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Court Precedents - Date: 2024-09-18 - Collection: Supreme Court

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IMIRONGO YATANZWE MU MANZA ZACIWE N’URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA

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ISHAKIRO

IJAMBO RY’IBANZE ...................................................................................................... 3 IMANZA MBONEZAMUBANO ........................................................................................... 7 IMANZA Z’UBUCURUZI .................................................................................................. 24 IMANZA Z’Ubutegetsi ................................................................................................ 37 UMWANZURO .............................................................................................................. 44

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IJAMBO RY’IBANZE

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IRIBURIRO

Gukemura ikibazo cy’ivuguruzanya ry’imanza  Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zisabwa n’umubyeyi wapfushije umwana mu mpanuka (imirongo 3)  Ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa (ubutaka) butakozwe mu buryo bw’inyandiko mpamo (umurongo 1)  Uburenganzira bw’umugore mu kuzungura umutungo w’ababyeyi be cyangwa uwo bashakanye (imirongo 2)

 Ubusaze ku birego byerekeye inyungu ku migabane no gutesha agaciro inyandikomvugo y’inama rusange idasanzwe ya sosiyeti y’ubucuruzi (imirongo 2)  Kumenya niba uberewemo umwenda afite uburengazira bwo kwimurira ku yindi myenda ingwate umubereyemo umwenda yari yaratijwe hatabayeho kumenyesha nyiri ngwate yatijwe (imirongo 3)  Kubahiriza amabwiriza ya Minisitiri n° 22 yo kuwa 03/04/2014 yuzuza amabwiriza ya Minisitiri n°19 yo kuwa 3/11/2012 yerekeye itunganywa n’icuruzwa ry’umuceri mu Rwanda (umurongo 1)

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 Ikimenyetso cyemewe n’amategeko kigaragaza ko umuntu yashyingiranwe n’undi mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko (imirongo 3)

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IMANZA MBONEZAMUBANO

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1. Gukemura ikibazo cy’ivuguruzanya ry’imanza.

Urubanza rwasuzumwe: Urubanza n° RC 00002/2023/SC rwaciwe ku wa 03/05/2024 haburana Nyirandihano Madeleine na Nemeyabahizi Jean Baptiste. Ikibazo cyasuzumwe: Kumenya niba hari ukuvuguruzanya hagati y’urubanza no RC 00445/2019/TB/MUH rwaciwe ku wa 04/09/2019 n’urubanza no RC 00432/2020/TB/MUH rwaciwe ku wa 15/03/2022 nk’uko rwemejwe n’urubanza no RCA00054/2022/TGI/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze ku wa 16/05/2023. Inkomoko y’ikibazo : Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Muhoza, Nyirandihano Madeleine arusaba guhindura uburyo bw’imicungire y’umutungo we n’umugabo we Nemeyabahizi Jean Baptiste bari barahisemo, bakava mu ivangamutungo rusange, bakajya mu ivanguramutungo risesuye. Urukiko rwategetse ko uburyo bwo gucunga umutungo w’abashakanye Nemeyabahizi Jean Baptiste na Nyirandihano Madeleine bari barahisemo buhindutse, rwemeza ko bagengwa n’ivanguramutungo risesuye, runabagabanya imitungo bagaragaje mu rubanza nk’uko babyihitiyemo. Nyirandihano Madeleine yatanze ibindi birego bigamije kumwemerera kugira uruhare ku mitungo itaragabanyijwe muri urwo rubanza ariko agatsindwa. Nemeyebahizi Jean Baptiste yareze Nyirandihano Madeleine mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Muhoza, arusaba ko rwabatandukanya burundu kuko

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umugore we yataye inshingano z’urugo ajya kuba mu cyumba cya wenyine. Urukiko rwavuze ko ubutane bwasabwe na Nemeyebahizi Jean Baptiste butanzwe ku makosa ya Nyirandihano Madeleine, rwemeza ko mu kugabana imitungo itimukanwa hagomba kubahirizwa uburyo bw’ivanguramutungo risesuye bahisemo, naho ku mitungo yimukanwa rugenera buri wese iyo akoresha mu buzima busanzwe no mu mirimo ye, ku bana babyaranye rwanzura ko aribo bagomba kwihitiramo aho kuba. Nyirandihano Madeleine yajuririye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze, maze rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ruvuga ko urubanza ruhindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’amakosa y’imyandikire yaregewe. Ku wa 30/11/2023, Nyirandihano Madeleine yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, arusaba ko rwakemura ikibazo cy’ivuguruzanya ry’imanza rigaragara mu rubanza no RC 00445/2019/TB/MUH rwaciwe ku wa 04/09/2019 ndetse n’urubanza no RC 00432/2020/TB/MUH rwaciwe ku wa 15/03/2022 nk’uko rwemejwe n’urubanza no RCA00054/2022/TGI/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze ku wa 16/05/2023. Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasanze inzu, ibikoresho byose biteye mu nzu nk’ibyo mu bwogero n’ubwiherero, n’ibindi byose biyiteyemo bigamije gutuma iyo nzu ikoreshwa, bifatwa nk’umutungo utimukanwa, ibyo kandi bikaba ibya nyiri ubutaka biriho, maze rusanga kuba mu rubanza rw’ubutane, haremejwe ko ibikoresho bigize inyubako z’igaraje na “dépôt”, Jacuzzi n’ibigega by’amazi bikoreshwa mu nzu byegurirwa Nemeyabahizi Jean Baptiste, bivuguruza urubanza no RC 00445/2019/TB/MUH, kuko umucamanza yafashe icyemezo ku mitungo yamaze kwegurirwa Nyirandihano Madeleine, bikaba bituma habaho imanza ebyiri zidashobora kubangikanywa (deux décisions inconciliables) kandi zidashobora kurangirizwa rimwe, maze

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rwemeza ko urubanza no RC 00432/2020/TB/MUH n’urubanza no RCA 00054/2022/TGI/MUS zafashe icyemezo ku mutungo wari waramaze gufatwaho icyemezo mu rundi rubanza, zigomba kuvanwaho. Ingingo z’amategeko umurongo ushingiyeho : - Ingingo ya 35 y’Itegeko no 43/2013 ryo kuwa 16/06/2013 rigenga ubutaka mu Rwanda ; - Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko n⁰ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. Jurisprudence : - Senekal v Roodt 1983(2) SA 602 T. Inyandiko z’abahanga : - François TERRÉ et Philippe SIMLER: Droit civil, Les biens, 10è éd, Editions Dalloz, 2018, p.38 ss. - Maret Carroll: The distinction between movable and immovable property; in https://www.snymans.com/advice/the-distinction-between- movable-and-immovable-property.

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Imirongo yatanzwe :  umutungo utimukanwa ugizwe n’ubutaka, ibyubatse cyangwa ibimera ku butaka, n’ibintu byimukanwa bihinduka ibitimukanwa kubera isano bifitanye kugira ngo bidatandukanywa mu buryo bwabangamira nyir’umutungo (immeubles par destination), harimo nk’umutungo wimukanwa wafatishijwe ku mutungo utimukanwa ku buryo buhoraho, n’umutungo wimukanwa ugenewe gutuma umutungo utimukanwa ushobora gokoreshwa (immeuble par l’objet auquel il s’applique);  Inzu, ibikoresho byose biteye mu nzu nk’ibyo mu bwogero n’ubwiherero, n’ibindi byose biyiteyemo bigamije gutuma iyo nzu ikoreshwa, bifatwa nk’umutungo utimukanwa, ibyo kandi bikaba ibya nyiri ubutaka biriho;  Haba ukuvuguruzanya kw’imanza iyo hari ibyemezo bitandukanye by’inkiko bitagishoboye kujuririrwa kandi bikaba bidashobora kurangizwa icyarimwe. Ibyo byemezo biramutse bigumyeho, byagira ingaruka z’uko ababuranyi batabona ubutabera bakeneye (déni de justice). Iyo ukuvuguruzanya gushingiye ku kuba hari imanza ebyiri zidashobora kubangikanywa (deux décisions inconciliables) kandi zidashobora kurangirizwa rimwe, hateshwa agaciro rumwe muri izo manza cyangwa zombi.

Urundi rubanza ruhuza n’uyu murongo wafashwe ku birebana n’ivuguruzanya ry’imanza: Urubanza n° RC 00001/2023/SC rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2023, haburana Rutayisire Jean de Dieu, Twagirayezu Béatha n’abandi.

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2. Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zisabwa n’umubyeyi wapfushije umwana mu mpanuka Urubanza rwasuzumwe: Urubanza n° RS/INJUST/RC 00005/2023/SC rwaciwe ku wa 12/07/2024, haburana Radiant Insurance Company Ltd na Mukabera Francine n’abandi. Ikibazo cyasuzumwe: Kumenya niba Mukabera Francine yagenerwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu kubera umwana we wishwe n’impanuka. Inkomoko y’ikibazo : Ku wa 15/09/2020, Niyonsaba Daniel wari utwaye igare mu muhanda Nyabugogo – Gatsata, yagonzwe n’imodoka ya Fuso Mitsubishi RAD 627S ajyanwa ku bitaro bya CHUK, ku wa 21/09/2020 arapfa; iyo modoka ikaba yari ifite ubwishingizi muri Radiant Insurance Company Ltd (yiswe Radiant muri uru rubanza). Mukabera Francine, nyina wa nyakwigendera n’abavandimwe be bane (4) basabye Radiant kubaha indishyi mu bwumvikane, ntibashobora kumvikana, bituma bayirega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo. Urwo Rukiko rwategetse Radiant guha Mukabera Francine 7.264.574 Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu na 810.000 Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro; igaha na buri muvandimwe wa nyakwigendera 540.000 Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro. Rwayitegetse kandi gutanga amafaranga yakoreshejwe harimo 9.200 Frw yishyuwe ibitaro, 200.000 Frw yakoreshejwe mu ishyingura, 8.500 Frw yaguze dosiye y’impanuka (P.V.de constat) na 12.000 Frw yakoreshejwe mu gushaka ibyangombwa. Radiant yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, ivuga ko Urukiko rwageneye Mukabera Francine indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu kandi nyakwigendera yari ingaragu,

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nta n’ibimenyetso bifatika bigaragaza ko ari we wari umutunze mu buryo buhoraho. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza no RCA 00286/2021/HC/KIG ku wa 30/09/2022, rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku rubanza rwajuririwe. Radiant yasubirishijemo urwo rubanza mu mpamvu z’akarengane ivuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwageneye Mukabera Francine indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu rwirengagije ko hagomba kugaragazwa ko umwana wapfuye yari yishoboye kurenza umubyeyi we, runirengagiza ko Niyonsaba Daniel yapfuye ari ingaragu, nta bikorwa bifatika bigaragaza ko ari we wari utunze umubyeyi we mu buryo buhoraho. Mu kubisuzuma, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasanze ikimenyetso cyatanzwe na Mukabera Francine kigizwe n’inyandiko y’Umuyobozi w’Umudugudu yemejwe n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari, kidahagije mu kwemeza ko yari atunzwe na nyakwigendera Niyonsaba Daniel mu gihe nta kindi kigishyigikiye ; kikaba rero kitashingirwaho mu kumugenera indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, rwemeza ko Mukabera Francine atagenerwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, bityo ikirego cyatanzwe na Radiant kikaba gifite ishingiro. Kubera ko Mukabera Francine yari yaramaze guhabwa 7.264.574 Frw harangizwa urubanza rwasabiwe gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane nk’uko impande zombi zibyemeranywaho, Urukiko rwemeje ko agomba kuyasubiza Radiant. Ingingo z’imategeko umurongo ushingiyeho - Ingingo ya 255 y’Itegeko nº 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango, mu gika cyayo cya 2;

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- Ingingo ya 22, igika cya mbere, y’Iteka rya Perezida nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga;

Imirongo yatanzwe :

 Kugira ngo umubyeyi asabe indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu kubera urupfu rw’umwana we, agomba gutanga ibimenyetso byerekana ko ariwe wari umutunze ;  Inyandiko yatanzwe n’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze sicyo kimenyetso gihamya ko uregera indishyi yahabwaga ibimutunga mu buryo buhoraho (régulièrement) na nyakwigendera, mu gihe idaherekejwe n’ibimenyetso bifatika;  Hari igihe inyandiko yatanzwe n’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze ishobora kuba yihagije ubwayo nk’ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera ariwe wari utunze usaba indishyi, mu gihe yakozwe hashingiwe ku buhamya bwatangiwe mu nteko y’abaturage y’aho aba.

Izindi manza umurongo ushingiyeho: - Urubanza nº RS/INJUST/RC 00018/2022/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/01/2023, haburana Niyonzima Léonidas n’abandi na Sanlam Assurance Générales Plc.

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- Urubanza nº RS/INJUST/RC 00021/2022/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 17/03/2023, haburana Mukagatare Régine na bagenzi be na SANLAM AG Plc. - Urubanza nº RS/INJUST/RC 00006/2023/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 05/04/2024, haburana SANLAM AG Plc na Ndishutse Samuel na bagenzi be.

Urubanza ruyoboye izindi :

- Urubanza nº RCAA 0049/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/11/2016, haburana SORAS AG Ltd ubu yahindutse SANLAM AG Plc, na Umuhoza Pacifique na bagenzi be.

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3. Ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa (ubutaka) butakozwe mu buryo bw’inyandiko mpamo

Urubanza rwasuzumwe: Urubanza no RS/INJUST/RC 00008/2023/SC rwaciwe ku wa 17/05/2024 haburana Uwankubito Alphonse, Mukangarambe Berthilde na Nsanzimana André n’abandi. Ikibazo cyasuzumwe: Kumenya niba amasezerano yo ku wa 25/08/2017 Nsanzimana André yagiranye na Uwankubito Alphonse afite agaciro ku buryo yashingirwaho hategekwa ihererekanyamutungo Inkomoko y’ikibazo : Ku itariki ya 25/8/2017, Nsanzimana André na Uwankubito Alphonse, wari uhagarariwe n’umugore we Mukangarambe Berthilde, bagiranye amasezerano y’ubugure, maze bemeranya ko Nsanzimana André aguriye Uwankubito inzu y’ubucuruzi no 3469 iri muri centre y’ubucuruzi ya Tyazo, mu Kagari ka Kibogora, Umurenge wa Kanjongo, Akarere ka Nyamasheke, ku giciro cya 23.000.000 Frw, ariko akazayishyura mu byiciro. Nta hererekanyamutungo ryumvikanyweho ryabayeho, bituma ku itariki ya 14/03/2021, Irankunda Esther arega Uwankubito Alphonse na Mukangarambe Berthilde mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, asaba ko umutungo baguze ubandikwaho, we na Nsanzimana André wari umugabo we bari barashyingiranywe barahisemo icungamutungo ry’ivangamutungo rusange. Urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ubutaka burimo inzu bubaruye kuri UPI: 3/07/06/01/3469 bukurwa ku mazina ya Uwankubito Alphonse na

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Mukangarambe Berthilde bukandikwa kuri Irankunda Esther na Nsanzimana André. Uwankubito Alphonse na Mukangarambe Berthilde bajuririye uru rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, maze urwo Rukiko rwemeza ko ubujurire bwabo nta shingiro bufite, ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza rwa mbere. Uwankubito Alphonse na Mukangarambe Berthilde basubirishijemo urwo rubanza mu mpamvu z’akarengane bavuga ko amasezerano yabaye adakwiye guhabwa agaciro kuko atigeze akorerwa imbere ya Noteri kandi ko uvuga ko yaguze atabasha kugaragaza inzira cyangwa uburyo yakoresheje yishyura amafaranga yari yumvikanyweho, kuko ubugure buba bwuzuye igihe ugura yishyuye ikiguzi akabona guhabwa icyo yaguze, kandi ko ibyo bitabayeho.

Mu kubisuzuma, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasanze amasezerano yarakozwe mu buryo bw’inyandiko bwite nyamara arebana n’ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa ugizwe n’inzu yubatswe ku butaka bubaruye kuri UPI: 3/07/06/01/3469, ko kuba atarakorewe imbere ya Noteri ngo yemeze ubwo bugure, atakozwe mu buryo bw’inyandiko mpamo, akaba nta gaciro afite; bityo ko inkiko zibanza zitagombaga kuyashingiraho ngo zitegeke ko ubutaka iyo nzu yubatsemo bwandikwa ku mazina ya Irankunda Esther na Nsanzimana André. Rwemeje ko amasezerano y’ubugure bw’inzu yo ku wa 25/08/2017 yabaye hagati ya Uwankubito Alphonse na Nsanzimana André adafite agaciro, rutegeka ko ubutaka bubaruwe kuri UPI: 3/07/06/01/3469, buherereye mu Kagari ka Kibogora, Umurenge wa Kanjongo, Akarere ka Nyamasheke,

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n’inzu irimo bukomeza kwandikwa kuri Uwankubito Alphonse na Mukangarambe Berthilde; Ingingo z’imategeko umurongo ushingiyeho - Ingingo ya 18, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko n° 43/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 rigenga ubutaka mu Rwanda ryakurikizwaga ubwo amasezerano avugwa muri uru rubanza yakorwaga; - Ingingo ya 34, igika cya mbere, y’Iteka rya Minisitiri n° 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/4/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa. Umurongo watanzwe:

 Kugira ngo byemezwe ko umutungo utimukanwa watanzwe, hagomba kubaho icyemezo cy’iyandikisha ry’ubutaka gitangwa n’Umubitsi w’impapuro mpamo z’ubutaka, kandi kugira ngo atange icyo cyemezo, agomba gushingira gusa ku masezerano yo kwegurira undi uwo mutungo yakozwe mu buryo bw’inyandiko mpamo. Ibi bikaba byumvikanisha ko amasezerano yakorwa mu bundi buryo butari ubwo nta gaciro aba afite.

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Izindi manza zihuriye kuri uyu murongo: - Urubanza nº RS/INJUST/RC 00004/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 09/04/2021, haburana Nsanzimana Wilson na Gacunga Esperance n’abandi; - Urubanza nº RS/INJUST/RC 00003/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 30/09/2021 rwa CIFTCI, Nshimiyimana Yvon na Sebutinde Edouard. Urubanza ruyoboye izindi: - Urubanza nº RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2020 haburana Manizabayo Kennedy na Twizerimana Theoneste.

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4. Uburenganzira bw’umugore mu kuzungura umutungo w’ababyeyi be cyangwa uwo bashakanye

Urubanza rwasuzumwe: Urubanza no RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2023/SC rwaciwe ku wa 27/09/2024 haburana Madamu Bernadette, Uwineza Diane na Nzabonimpa Déogratias na bagenzi be. Ikibazo cyasuzumwe: Kumenya nyiri umutungo uburanwa hagati y’Abazungura ba Baganizi François n’abazungura ba Ruhabura Jean. Inkomoko y’ikibazo : Madamu Bernadette na Zaninka Espérance batanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu bavuga ko abana ba musaza wabo Baganizi François, aribo Nzabonimpa Déogratias, Sebikari Oscar, Twagirumukiza Jean na Nyirazirakamwa Solange bafashe isambu yari yarasizwe na Se Ruhabura Jean, bayibaruza mu buryo bw’uburiganya kuri Succession Baganizi François, ihabwa UPI: 3/03/11/03/637, nyamara birengagije ko uwo mutungo wari uw’umuryango wa Ruhabura Jean kandi nta n’igabana ryigeze ribaho hagati y’abazungura be. Abazungura ba Baganizi François baburanye bavuga ko isambu iburanwa atari iy’umuryango wa Ruhabura Jean, kuko uyu yayigabanyije abahungu be batatu (3), ari naho Baganizi François yakomoye uburenganzira ku isambu iburanwa. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwanzuye ko ikirego cya Madamu Bernadette na Zaninka Espérance nta shingiro gifite, rwemeza ko ubutaka bufite UPI: 3/03/11/03/637 bwabaruwe kuri Succession Baganizi François,

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bwari ubutaka bwa Baganizi François ku giti cye, bityo ko bugomba kuguma ku bo bwabaruweho. Madamu Bernadette na Zaninka Espérance bajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, bavuga ko Urukiko rwabanje rwashingiye ku mvugo zivuguruzanya kandi zitavugisha ukuri, ndetse runitiranya ibintu uko bitagenze, bityo ko bashingiye ku kuba Ruhabura Jean yarapfuye ntawe ahaye umunani, basaba ko ubutaka buburanwa bwakwandikwa ku bazungura ba Ruhabura Jean. Bongeraho ko mu gihe Urukiko rwabanje rwari gusanga harabayeho izungura, rwari kwemeza ko rikorerwa ku bana b’abakobwa ndetse n’abahungu nta vangura ribaye nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza no RS/REV/INJUST/CIV/0015/14/CS. Urukiko rwanzuye ko ubujurire bwa Madamu Bernadette na Zaninka Espérance nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza no RC 00167/2020/TGI/RBV rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu ku wa 19/11/2021, igumyeho. Abatsinzwe basabye ko urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ubusabe bwabo burakirwa, ruburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Urukiko rwabanje gusuzuma niba Madamu Bernadette na Zaninka Espérance hari uburenganzira bari bafite ku mutungo wa Ruhabura Jean, rusanga Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 1962, amategeko u Rwanda rwagiye rushyiraho ndetse n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga u Rwanda rwashyizeho umukono, bibuza ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose harimo n’irishingiye ku gitsina. Rwasanze kuba kuva cyera umugore yari afite uburenganzira ku mutungo w’ababyeyi be cyangwa w’uwo bashakanye byumvikana ko Madamu

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Bernadette na Zaninka Espérance nabo bafite uburenganzira ku mutungo w’umubyeyi wabo Ruhabura Jean ku rwego rumwe n’urwa basaza babo, bityo bakaba batagomba kuwuhezwaho. Ku kibazo kijyanye no Kumenya nyiri umutungo uburanwa hagati y’abazungura ba Baganizi François n’abazungura ba Ruhabura Jean, rwavuze ko Ruhabura Jean atigeze atanga iminani, ahubwo rusanga icyabaye ari uko umutungo uburanwa wakomeje gucungwa n’abagize umuryango bari bakiriho. Ku kibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba umutungo wa Ruhabura Jean warigaruriwe n’abazungura ba Baganizi François, Urukiko rwasanze umutungo uburanwa warakomeje kuba uw’abazungura bose ba Ruhabura Jean, bityo ko kuba abazungura ba Baganizi François barawibarujeho, byavukije abandi bazungura ba Ruhabura Jean uburenganzira bwabo ku mutungo ukomoka ku mubyeyi bahuriyeho. Rwasanze umutungo uburanwa abazungura ba Baganizi François bari baramaze kuwigabanya, ukaba ugomba kugarurwa mu mutungo rusange wa Ruhabura Jean, ukazungurwa n’ababifitiye uburenganzira bose, nta vangura ribayeho. Ingingo z’imategeko umurongo ushingiyeho - Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y'u Rwanda ryo mu 1962; - Ingingo ya 98 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo ku wa 10/06/1991;

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- Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko n⁰ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. Imirongo yatanzwe:

 Umuco wo gusumbanya abana b’abahungu n’ab’abakobwa ubangamiye ihame ry’uko abantu bareshya imbere y’amategeko kandi barengerwa kimwe nayo;  Itegeko Nshinga rya 1962 ryemeraga ko abantu bose bangana imbere y’amategeko hatitawe (…) ku gitsina (…), bikumvikana ko kuva kera umugore yari yemerewe uburenganzira ku mutungo w’ababyeyi be cyangwa uwo bashakanye.

Izindi manza zihuriye kuri uyu murongo: - Urubanza n⁰ RCAA0006/15/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 10/02/2017, Nsanzabera Vincent yaburanaga na Bariganza Evangile n’undi; - Urubanza n⁰ RS/REV/INJUST/CIV0015/14/CS, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/07/2015, Ntahonkiriye Félicien na bagenzi be baburanaga na Icyitegetse Léa n’undi; - Urubanza rw'Umwami w’u Rwanda Rudahigwa rwo ku wa 02/02/1956 ubwo yagabanyaga abakomoka ku mutware Rwubusisi umutungo yasize.

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IMANZA Z’UBUCURUZI

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1. Ubusaze ku birego byerekeye inyungu ku migabane no gutesha agaciro inyandikomvugo y’inama rusange idasanzwe ya sosiyeti y’ubucuruzi Urubanza rwasuzumwe: Urubanza no RS/INJUST/RCOM 00001/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 12/07/2024 haburana Bagaragaza Thaddée, Bihira Gilbert, Uwizeye Gertrude, Uwineza Clotilde, Uwamahoro Immaculée, Mugwaneza Denyse, Bigirimana Jean Bosco, Umuhire Solange, Uwera Marie Josée, Mukazayire Marie Vivine, Iyamuremye Marc Antoine, Iyamuremye Jean Pierre, Uwimana Sylvie, Iyamuremye Lucienne, SIRWA SARL,Uwanyirigira Telesphore, Ishimwe Eric, Manirarora Janvier, Mbabazi Gloria, Ngabiwenimana Christophe, Nkundimana Christian, Dusabimana Onesphore na Bizimana Anastase. Ikibazo cyasuzumwe: - Gutesha agaciro inyandikomvugo y'inteko rusange idasanzwe y'abanyamigabane ba SIRWA SARL yateranye ku wa 23/10/1997; - Kwishyura inyungu ku migabane kuva mu 1993, indishyi z’akababaro, Gushyiraho umugenzuzi w'imari. Inkomoko y’ikibazo : Bagaragaza Thaddée yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa Kigali, asaba gutesha agaciro inyandikomvugo yo ku wa 23/10/1997, gusubizwa agaciro k’imigabane no guhabwa inyungu ku migabane (dividendes) zo kuva mu 1993 n’indishyi. Nyuma yaho, Bihira Juvénal, abazungura ba Iyamuremye Pierre Claver, Mukankusi Berthe na Nkundabatware Venant nabo batanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa

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Nyarugenge, bose basaba gutesha agaciro inyandikomvugo y’Inama Rusange idasanzwe yateranye ku wa 23/10/1997 ikongera imari shingiro, kwishyura inyungu ku migabane kuva mu mwaka wa 1993 no gushyiraho umuntu ukora igenzuramutungo rya SIRWA SARL kuva mu mwaka wa 1994 kugeza ubwo baregaga muri 2007. Izo manza zombi zoherejwe mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi nyuma y’ivugururwa ry’Inkiko, ariko Mukankusi Berthe n’uhagarariye Nkundabatware Venant baza kureka ikirego. Urukiko Rukuru rw'Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza, rwemeza ko ikirego cya Bihira Juvénal, Bagaragaza Thaddée n’abazungura ba Iyamuremye Pierre Claver nta shingiro gifite kuko habayeho ubusaze ku birego bijyanye n’inyungu ku migabane no gutesha agaciro icyemezo cy’Inama Rusange yo ku wa 23/10/1997 n’icyo gusubizwa agaciro k’imigabane ya Bagaragaza Thaddée, maze rubategeka kwishyura SIRWA SARL 1.500.000 Frw y'igihembo cy'Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza; Bihira Juvénal, Bagaragaza Thaddée n’abazungura ba Iyamuremye Pierre Claver bajuririye Urukiko rw'Ikirenga, Bihira Juvénal apfa urubanza rutararangira, biba ngombwa ko rukomezwa n’abazungura be, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeza ko ubujurire bwabo nta shingiro bufite, rubategeka guha SIRWA SARL 800.000 Frw y'igihembo cy'Abavoka bayiburaniye. Abatsinzwe urubanza basabye ko rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ubwo busabe burakirwa, ruburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Ibibazo byasuzumwe mu rubanza n’ibisubizo bishingiye kw’isesengura ryakozwe n’Urukiko, ni ibi bikurikira: Ku kibazo kijyanye n’ubusaze ku birego byerekeye inyungu ku migabane, Urukiko rwasanze ikirego cyatanzwe kirebana n’iyishyurwa ry’inyungu ku migabane cyaragombaga kwakirwa kigasuzumwa kuko nta busaze

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bwabayeho bitewe no kuba nta Nama Rusange ya SIRWA SARL yateranye ngo hemezwe inyungu ku migabane n’igabana ryazo, bityo rukaba ntaho rwahera rubara igihe cy’imyaka itanu kugira ngo rwemeze niba ikirego cyatanzwe cyarashaje; Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba inyandikomvugo y’Inteko Rusange idasanzwe yo ku wa 23/10/1997 yateshwa agaciro, Urukiko rwasanze Inama Rusange idasanzwe ya SIRWA SARL yo ku wa 23/10/1997 itaratumijwe ku buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, bityo n’inyandikomvugo yayo ikaba nta gaciro ifite; Ku kibazo cyo kumenya inyungu za Sosiyete SIRWA SARL zo kuva mu 1993 kugeza ku wa 31/12/2021, agaciro k’umugabane muri SIRWA SARL, agaciro k’imigabane yose y’abareze, dividendes n’inyungu z‘ubukererwe kuri dividendes abarega bagomba guhabwa, Urukiko rwashingiye kuri raporo y’Umuhanga yo ku wa 03/05/2024, igaragaza ko umubare w’imigabane ya SIRWA SARL ari 1.000, umutungo bwite wayo ukaba ungana na 2.274.089.108 Frw, agaciro k’umugabane umwe wayo kakangana na 2.274.089 Frw maze rwemeza ko kuba Inama Rusange idasanzwe ya SIRWA SARL yo ku wa 23/10/1997 nta gaciro ifite, kandi hakaba ari nta kimenyetso cyemeza ko, SIRWA SARL, mu izina ry’Umuyobozi wayo, yasubije abarega imigabane yabo, bagomba kuyisubizwa hagendewe ku migabane ya buri wese ikubiye mu nyandikomvugo y’Inama Rusange idasanzwe ya SIRWA SARL yateranye ku wa 15/06/1993. Rwasanze kandi abarega bagomba kubona inyungu za SIRWA SARL zigaragara muri raporo y’Umuhanga zo mwaka wa 2011, uwa 2013 n’uwa 2021 kuko indi myaka hagiye haba igihombo, ndetse bagahabwa n’inyungu z’ubukererwe.

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Ku kibazo cyo kumenya ishingiro ry’indishyi zisabwa n’ababuranyi, Urukiko rwasanze kuba ikirego cyabo gisubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane gifite ishingiro, buri wese agenewe 4.000.000 Frw akubiyemo ay’igihembo cy’Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza yagenwe n‘Urukiko rushingiye ku gihe uru rubanza rumaze mu nkiko no ku nshuro rwaburanishijwe kuri uru rwego. Ingingo z’itegeko umurongo ushingiyeho: - Ingingo ya 32, igika cya kabiri, y’Itegeko n˚ 06/1988 ryo ku wa 12 Gashyantare 1988 ritunganya amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi ryakurikizwaga igihe ikirego cyatangwaga; - Ingingo ya 27, iya 28 n’iya 33 y’Amategeko Shingiro ya SIRWA SARL yo ku wa 06/12/1989 yavuguruwe hagamijwe guhuza n’ibyateganywaga n’Itegeko n˚ 06/1988 ryo ku wa 12 Gashyantare 1988, ryavuzwe haruguru; - Ingingo ya 77 y’Itegeko n° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo. Imirongo yatanzwe :  Ubusaze bubarwa uhereye ku munsi Inama Rusange yateranye ngo hemezwe inyungu ku migabane n’igabana ryazo. Nta busaze bwabaho mu gihe iyo Nama Rusange itabayeho  Inama Rusange idasanzwe iyo itumijwe idakurikije amategeko, inyandikomvugo yayo nta gaciro iba ifite.

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2. Kumenya niba uberewemo umwenda afite uburengazira bwo kwimurira ku yindi myenda ingwate umubereyemo umwenda yari yaratijwe hatabayeho kumenyesha nyiri ngwate yatijwe

Urubanza rwasuzumwe: RS/INJUST/RCOM 00005/2023/SC rwaciwe kuwa 28/06/2024 haburana Niyigena Eraste, ECOBANK RWANDA PLC, KantaramA Félicie Ikibazo cyasuzumwe: Kumenya niba Niyigena Eraste yaranze kwishyura umwenda yari afitiye ECOBANK bigatuma ingwate Kantarama Félicie yari yaramutije igurishwa muri cyamunara; Indishyi zinyuranye zikomoka ku kwica amasezerano. Inkomoko y’ikibazo : Kantarama Félicie yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi arega Niyigena Eraste (ECOBANK igobokeshwamo), ko yanze kwishyura umwenda yari afitiye ECOBANK bigatuma ingwate yari yamutije igurishwa muri cyamunara, anasaba indishyi zinyuranye zikomoka ku kwica amasezerano. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza, rutegeka Niyigena Eraste kwishyura Kantarama Félicie 261.173.067 Frw y’ingwate yagurishijwe ndetse n’indishyi. Niyigena Eraste yajuririye urwo rubanza avuga ko atagobokesheje ECOBANK ku rwego rwa mbere, ko ahubwo yari yasabye ko izanwa nk’uwaryozwa ibyo yononnye, ko umwenda ungana na 261.173.067 Frw utatanzwe na ECOBANK, ukaba kandi warishyuwe; ko kandi atari akwiye

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gutegekwa kwishyura Kantarama Félicie amafaranga amwishyuza. Mu bujurire, ababuranyi bose basabye indishyi zitandukanye.

Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasuzumye ibibazo bitatu bikurikira: Kumenya niba Niyigena Eraste ataragobokesheje ECOBANK mu rwego rwa mbere; niba umwenda uburanwa utaratanzwe na ECOBANK, kandi ko wishyuwe; no kureba niba urega ataragombaga gutegekwa kwishyura Kantarama Félicie amafaranga 261.173.067 Frw. Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Niyigena bufite ishingiro gusa ku bijyanye n’uko ku rwego rwa mbere, atagobokesheje ECOBANK, ko ahubwo yasabye ko ihamagarwa nk’umwishingizi waryozwa ibyo yaregwaga, ko izindi ngingo z’ubujurire nta shingiro, rumutegeka kwishyura abaregwa bose igihembo cy’Avoka mu bujurire.

Niyigena Eraste yasubirishijemo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza nº RCOMA 00190/2022/HCC avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko koko yahamagaje mu rubanza ECOBANK nk’umwishingizi, ko atayihamagaje nk’uwabogokeshejwe, ariko ntirwagira icyo ruvuga kuri WDA nayo yari yarahamagawe mu rubanza mu buryo bumwe n’ubwo ECOBANK yaruhamagajwemo.

Akomeza avuga ko urukiko rwemeje ko umwenda wa 284.747.744 Frw utishyuwe ngo bityo ingwate ikaba yaragombaga kugurishwa, runavuga ko nta bimenyetso yarugaragarije byerekana ko uwo mwenda watanzwe na WDA kandi ko wishyuwe, ibyo rubikora rwirengagije ibimenyetso Niyigena Eraste yatanze bigaragaza ko umwenda watanzwe na WDA ko icyo ECOBANK yatanze ari ubwishyingizi gusa, kandi ko uwo mwenda WDA

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yawiyishyuye, amafaranga ikaba yarayamukase ku kazi yayikoreye.

ECOBANK yo yemeza ko uru rubanza rukomoka ku myenda itandukanye Niyigena Eraste wakoreshaga izina ry’ubucuruzi ECOTRAP yahawe nayo mu bihe bitandukanye, iyo myenda ikaba yari iyo kumufasha gukora isoko ryitwaga “Construction and rehabilitation works of ESTB Busogo supported by WDA SDP”. Ikomeza ivuga iyo myenda ariyo yatumye ECOBANK imusaba ingwate, ayimenyesha ko afite umutungo utimukanwa ufite nº UPI 5/04/03/01/2936 ariko ukaba utamwanditseho, ahubwo wanditse ku mubyeyi we witwa Kantarama Félicie, kuko ari we wenyine yizeye, ko nyuma iyo ngwate yaje kwandikwa hashingiwe ku masezerano y’itizwa ry’ingwate hagati ya Kantarama Félicie na Niyigena Eraste.

Ibibazo byasuzumwe mu rubanza n’ibisubizo bishingiye kw’isesengura ryakozwe n’Urukiko, ni ibi bikurikira:

Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba ECOBANK yari ifite uburenganzira bwo kwimurira ku yindi myenda ingwate Kantarama Félicie yatije Niyigena Eraste hishingirwa avance de démarrage itabimumenyesheje, Urukiko rwasanze ingwate ishobora no kwishingira umwenda cyangwa imyenda izafatwa nyuma, ko ariko mu masezerano y’ubugwate bigomba kwandikwamo neza ko ingwate itanzwe izishingira n’umwenda cyangwa imyenda runaka, hakagaragazwa ingano yayo, icyo izaba igamije, n’ibindi.

Naho ku kibazo kijyanye no kumenya ingano y’indishyi zigomba kwishyurwa Kantarama Félicie, Urukiko rwasanze ECOBANK yarakoze amakosa yo

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kugurisha ingwate Niyigena Eraste yari yaratijwe na Kantarama Félicie kandi umwenda yari yishingiye warishyuwe, maze rutegeka ko indishyi yari yaraciwe zingana n’agaciro k’ingwate (261.173.067 Frw) zigomba kwishyurwa na ECOBANK. Amategeko umurongo ushingiyeho: - Ingingo ya 555 na 576 z’Itegeko ryo ku wa 30/07/1888 ry’urwuge rw’amategeko y’imbonezamubano; - Ingingo ya 4 na 11 z’Itegeko n° 10/2009 ryo ku wa 14/05/2009 ryerekeye ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujuwe kugeza ubu. Imirongo yatanzwe :  Ubwishingire bugomba kugaragaza mu buryo bweruye ingano y‘umwenda uwishingiye yemeye kwishingira, bitaba ibyo ubwishingire bugafatwa nk’ubutarigeze bubaho ;  Kwishingira imyenda yo mu gihe kizaza, bisaba ko mu masezerano hagomba kugaragazwa iyo myenda mu buryo busobanutse kugira ngo umwishingizi abe azi neza imyenda yose yishingiwe n’ingwate ye iyo ariyo. Iyo ibyo bidakozwe, ayo masezerano afatwa nk’atarabayeho ;  Usaba indishyi z’akababaro, agomba kugaragaza ikosa yakorewe n’uwo azisaba, akababaro katewe n’iryo kosa (préjudice moral), n’isano itaziguye iri hagati y’iryo kosa n’akababaro avuga ko yagize.

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Izindi manza zifitanye isano - Urubanza n⁰ RS/INJUST/RCOM 00011/2022/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 08/03/2024, haburana Bugingo Jean Claude, ECOBANK na Kadogi Jean Paul, igika cya 41. - Urubanza n⁰ RCOMA 0138/12/CS rwaciwe ku wa 16/05/2014, haburana Gaju Cynthia na Access Bank Ltd, igika cya 16.

Inyandiko z’abahanga - Philippe MALAURIE, Laurent AYNES, Droit des Sûretés, 15ème édition, 2021, LGDJ, § 405. - Patrick Tafforeau, Droit des sûretés, sûretés personnelles et réelles, Edition Bruylant, 2020, Bruxelles, § 915. - Manuella BOURASSIN na Vincent BREMOND, Droit des sûretés, 7ème édition, Dalloz, 2019, § 2030.

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3. Kubahiriza Amabwiriza ya Minisitiri n° 22 yo ku wa 03/04/2014 yuzuza Amabwiriza ya Minisitiri n°19 yo ku wa 3/11/2012 yerekeye itunganywa n’icuruzwa ry’umuceri mu Rwanda. Urubanza rwasuzumwe:

Urubanza n⁰ RS/INJUST/RCOM 00004/2024/SC rwaciwe ku wa 27/09/2024 haburana Kayiranga David na Koperative Indatwa Kayonza Inkomoko y’ikibazo : Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko rw'Ubucuruzi, Kayiranga David arega Koperative Indatwa Kayonza (yiswe Koperative muri uru rubanza), asaba ko itegekwa kugarura umusaruro w’umuceri yigabije no kwishyura indishyi zinyuranye. Urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ikirego kidafite ishingiro, ko Kayiranga David atasubizwa umuceri we Koperative yafatiriye kubera ko ariyo ifite ubuzimagatozi n'uruhushya rwo gucuruza umuceri udatonoye. Yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi nabwo aratsindwa kuko aterekanye ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko afite uruhushya rutangwa na Minisiteri y'ubucuruzi bwo guhinga no gucuruza umuceri udatonoye.

Kayiranga David yasabye ko urwo rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, hemezwa ko ruburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ku munsi w’iburanisha, habanza gusuzumwa inzitizi yatanzwe na Koperative isaba kutakira ikirego cya Kayiranga David kuko yasubirishijemo urubanza ingingo nshya mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi akanarusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Urukiko rwasanze iyo nzitizi idafite ishingiro nyuma yo gusanga Kayiranga David yarabonye atujuje ibisabwa maze akareka ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya, rwemeza ko nta cyamubuza

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gusaba ko urubanza rwe rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane kuko ikibujijwe ari ugukoresha izo nzira zombi icyarimwe.

Ku birebana n’urubanza mu mizi, hagiwe impaka ku bibazo byo kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutarahaye agaciro ibimenyetso n’ingingo z'amategeko byatanzwe na Kayiranga David bikamutera akarengane, n’icyo kumenya niba Koperative yategekwa kwishyura umuceri wa Kayiranga David yatwaye.

Urukiko rwasanze hari ibimenyetso by’ingenzi bitasuzumwe bigizwe cyane cyane n’inyandiko yo ku wa 09/03/2022 Kayiranga David yasinyanye na Perezida wa Koperative, aho yemeraga kumwishyura 6330 Kg nyamara byari muri dosiye kuva uru rubanza rwatangira, maze rwemeza ko imvugo ya Kayiranga David y’uko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwirengagije ibimenyetso yarushyikirije kandi byari kumugirira akamaro, ifite ishingiro.

Ku birebana no kumenya niba Koperative yategekwa kwishyura umuceri wa Kayiranga David yatwaye, Urukiko rwasanze Amabwiriza ya Minisitiri yuzuza amabwiriza ya Minisitiri n° 19 yo ku wa 3/11/2012 yerekeye itunganywa n’icuruzwa ry’umuceri mu Rwanda ntacyo avuga ku muntu ku giti cye wahinze umuceri anyuranyije nayo cyangwa uwafashwe awumama kimwe n’ibihano yagenerwa nk’uko bimeze ku nganda kimwe n’imashini zitonora umuceri zitujuje ibisabwa. Rwasanze kandi nta naho ayo Mabwiriza yahaye Koperative uburenganzira bwo gufatira umuceri uhingwa n’abaturage ku giti cyabo cyangwa abawumamye, bityo ikaba ntaho yari guhera iwegukana ntacyo yishyuye kuko byaba ari ukwikungahaza nta mpamvu kandi bibujijwe mu mategeko.

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Rwasanze Koperative igomba gutegekwa kwishyura Kayiranga David umuceri we yafatiriye ndetse rushingiye ku itangazo rishyiraho ibiciro by’umuceri udatonoye ryo ku wa 21 Kamena 2024 rya Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi n’inganda (MINICOM), rwemeza ko igomba gusubiza Kayiranga David 6330 Kg x 505 Frw/Kg = 3.196.650 Frw.

Amategeko umurongo ushingiyeho: - Ingingo ya 2 y’Amabwiriza ya Minisitiri n° 22 yo kuwa 03/04/2014 yuzuza amabwiriza ya Minisitiri n°19 yo kuwa 3/11/2012 yerekeye itunganywa n’icuruzwa ry’umuceri mu Rwanda - Ingingo ya 3 n’iya 9 z’Itegeko n° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo. Umurongo watanzwe :

 Amabwiriza ya Minisitiri yuzuza Amabwiriza ya Minisitiri n° 19 yo ku wa 3/11/2012 yerekeye itunganywa n’icuruzwa ry’umuceri mu Rwanda ntacyo avuga ku muntu ku giti cye wahinze umuceri anyuranyije nayo cyangwa uwafashwe awumama kimwe n’ibihano yagenerwa nk’uko bimeze ku nganda kimwe n’imashini zitonora umuceri zitujuje ibisabwa. Nta n’aho ayo Mabwiriza yahaye Koperative uburenganzira bwo gufatira umuceri uhingwa n’abaturage ku giti cyabo cyangwa abawumamye, bityo Koperative ikaba idashobora gufatira umuceri w’abo baturage kuko byaba ari ukwikungahaza nta mpamvu kandi bibujijwe mu mategeko.

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IMANZA Z’UBUtegetsI

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1. Ikimenyetso cyemewe n’amategeko kigaragaza ko umuntu yashyingiranwe n’undi mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko Urubanza rwasuzumwe: Urubanza n° RS/INJUST/RAD 00002/2023/SC rwaciwe ku wa 12/07/2024 haburana Nyirasafari Gaudentia, Umujyi wa Kigali, Leta y’u Rwanda (Komisiyo yo gucunga imitungo itagira bene yo) na Rudasingwa James. Ikibazo cyasuzumwe: Kumenya niba Nyirasafari Gaudentia afite uburenganzira bwo gukurikirana umutungo wanditse kuri Habimana Phocas avuga ko ari umugabo we.

Inkomoko y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Nyirasafari Gaudentia arega Akarere ka Kicukiro1, mu izina ry’umuyobozi wako na Rudasingwa James, asaba urwo Rukiko gutegeka Rudasingwa James kuva mu mitungo ya Succession Habimana Phocas no gukuraho icyemezo cy’Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Kicukiro cyo ku wa 27/08/2015 cyamuhaye uwo mutungo, anasaba indishyi zinyuranye. Muri urwo rubanza hagobokeshejwe Leta y’u Rwanda (Komisiyo yo gucunga imitungo idafite bene yo ibarizwa muri Minisiteri y’ubutabera).

Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, rwemeje ko ikirego cya Nyirasafari Gaudentia nta shingiro gifite, rutegeka ko hagumyeho icyemezo cy’Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Kicukiro cyo ku wa 27/08/2015 giha

1 Urubanza rugeze mu Rukiko Rukuru, Akarere ka Kicukiro kasimbuwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali kuko ariwo ufite ubuzima gatozi, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 3 y’Itegeko nº 22/2019 ryo ku wa 29/07/2019 rigenga Umujyi wa Kigali.

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Rudasingwa James ikibanza gifite UPI: 1/03/09/02/481 afatanyije na Kayitesi Joy, rutegeka ko Leta y’u Rwanda/Komisiyo yo gucunga imitungo idafite bene yo igomba guha Nyirasafari Gaudentia amafaranga angana na 34.200.000 y’ikiguzi cy’ikibanza cye.

Nyirasafari Gaudentia yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, mu iburanisha Umujyi wa Kigali utanga inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cye kuko adafite ububasha bwo gukurikirana uwo mutungo wari wanditse kuri Habimana Phocas kuko hatagaragajwe ko yapfuye kandi hari inyandiko z’Ubushinjacyaha zimushakisha, no kuba nta kigaragaza ko habayeho isezerano ryo gushyingirwa mu buryo bukurikije amategeko hagati ye na Nyirasafari Gaudentia kandi ko yamuzunguye, kubera ko nta kopi y’inyandiko y’urupfu (acte de décès) ya Habimana Phocas na kopi y’inyandiko y’ishyingira (acte de mariage) hagati ya Nyirasafari Gaudentia na Habimana Phocas zigaragazwa. Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ikirego cya Nyirasafari Gaudentia kitaragombaga kwakirwa kuko nta bubasha yari afite bwo kuregera umutungo wasizwe na Habimana Phocas igihe atabanje kugaragaza inyandiko y’ishyingirwa (acte de mariage) hagati yabo.

Nyirasafari Gaudentia yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, Rudasingwa James n’uhagarariye Umujyi wa Kigali batanga inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire kubera ko ari ubujurire bwa kabiri kandi bukaba butubahirije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 52 y’Itegeko no 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko. Urukiko rwashoje iburanisha, rumenyesha ababuranyi ko icyemezo ku nzitizi yatanzwe kizasomwa ku wa 21/10/2022.

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Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nyirasafari Gaudentia buri mu bubasha bwarwo, ariko runasuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Nyirasafari Gaudentia yari yujuje ibisabwa ku buryo yagira ububasha bwo kurega nyamara Urukiko Rukuru rukamurenganya, rukemeza ukutakirwa kw’ikirego cye. Rwasanze nta bubasha yari afite bwo gutanga ikirego kiregera umutungo wanditse kuri Habimana Phocas, kuko nta kimenyetso gikurikije amategeko yigeze agaragaza cyerekana ko bashyingiranwe byemewe n’amategeko. Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza n° RADA 00019/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 31/01/2022 igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose.

Nyirasafari Gaudentia ntiyabyishimiye asubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, avuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwaburanishije ku nzitizi y’iburabubasha gusa, ariko mu guca urubanza rufata n’icyemezo mu mizi kandi atarahawe uburenganzira bwo kugira icyo abivugaho. Mu kubisuzuma, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasanze Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwarakoze ikosa ryo kwemeza ko ikirego nta shingiro gifite nyamara rwari rwaburanishije ibijyanye n’inzitizi gusa, rwemeza ko urubanza rwaciwe n'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire ruvuyeho, ko ruzaburanisha ingingo z’ubujurire Nyirasafari Gaudentia yari yashyikirije Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. Mbere y’iburanisha mu mizi, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwabanje gusuzuma niba uru rubanza rwakoherezwa mu Rukiko Rukuru kugira ngo ruruburanishe mu mizi nk’uko byari byasabwe na Nyirasafari Gaudentia, rwemeza ko rutoherezwayo, rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko ababuranyi bose bavuze ko kohereza urwo rubanza bidakwiye kubera ko ruburanishwa mu rwego rw’akarengane, hakaba n’umurongo watanzwe n’Uru Rukiko uvuga ko iyo urukiko rwaregewe akarengane rusanze harabaye amakosa mu kutakira

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ubujurire, rwemeza ko habaye amakosa, rukavuga ko urubanza rwagombaga kwakirwa, rukaburanisha mu mizi rwa rubanza rwari rwajuririwe kandi rukitwara nk’aho ruburanisha ubujurire. Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasuzumye kandi ikibazo kijyanye no kwemeza ko icyemezo cy'umuyobozi w'Akarere ka Kicukiro cyo ku wa 27/08/2015 gitanga umutungo wa succession Habimana Phocas kivanwaho nyamara kitari mu ngingo z’ubujurire bwa Nyirasafari Gaudentia mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, rwemeza ko icyo kibazo kitagomba gusuzumwa mu rwego rw’akarengane muri uru rubanza. Rwasuzumye kandi niba Nyirasafari Gaudentia afite uburenganzira bwo gukurikirana umutungo wanditse kuri Habimana Phocas avuga ko ari umugabo we, rusanga nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, bigaragara ko Nyirasafari Gaudentia nta bubasha yari afite bwo gutanga ikirego kiregera umutungo wanditse kuri Habimana Phocas, mu gihe nta kimenyetso gikurikije amategeko cyemeza ko bashyingiranwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Ingingo z’itegeko umurongo ushingiyeho: - Ingingo ya 3, igika cya mbere y‘Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu; - Ingingo ya 178 y’Itegeko nº 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango;

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- Ingingo ya 55 y’Itegeko no 13 bis/2014 ryo ku wa 21/05/2014 rigenga umurimo w’Ubunoteri; Umurongo watanzwe :

 Iyo urukiko rwaregewe akarengane rusanze harabaye amakosa mu kutakira ubujurire, rwemeza ko habaye amakosa, rukavuga ko urubanza rwagombaga kwakirwa, rukaburanisha mu mizi rwa rubanza rwari rwajuririwe, muri icyo gihe, Urukiko rwitwara nk’uruburanisha ubujurire bwa kabiri, rugakurikiza amategeko agenga ubujurire aho gukoresha agenga gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane;  Kuba urubanza rushobora gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane rukaburanishwa bundi bushya, ntibivuga ko umuburanyi yakwitwaza iyo nzira kugira ngo abe yazana ibirego bishya kandi bitararegewe ntibinasuzumwe mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo, kuko umuburanyi atavuga ko yagize akarengane ku kibazo atigeze asaba Urukiko gusuzuma;  Ikimenyetso cyemewe n’amategeko kigaragaza ko umuntu yashyingiranwe n’undi mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko ni inyandiko y’ishyingirwa (acte de mariage), yaba idashoboye kuboneka ku mpamvu iyo ariyo yose, igasimburwa n’urubanza.

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Imanza zaciwe bihuje umurongo ku bijyanye no kohereza urubanza (renvoi) ruri mu karengane

- Urubanza no RS/INJUST/RCOM 00003/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 27/11/2020 haburana SANLAM Assurance Générales Plc na University of Rwanda; - Urubanza no RS/INJUST/RP 00001/2019/SC rwaciye ku wa 23/12/2020 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habinshuti Eric; - Urubanza no RS/INJUST/RC 00023/2018/SC rwaciwe ku wa 31/01/2020 haburana Ibyisi Augustin et al.

Imanza zaciwe bihuje umurongo ku bijyanye n’ibirego bishya mu karengane

- Urubanza no RS/INJUST/RC 00024/2018/CS rwaciwe ku wa 21/02/2020, haburana Ngizweninshuti Albert na Muhima Giovanni; - Urubanza nº RS/INJUST/RC 00007/2018/SC rwaciwe ku wa 13/03/2020, haburana Nditiribambe Samuel, Gatera Jason na Nyamaswa Faustin.

Imanza zaciwe bihuje umurongo ku bijyanye n’ikimenyetso cy’ishyingirwa

- Urubanza no RS/INJUST/RC 00009/2019/SC rwaciwe kuwa 06/03/2020 haburana Mukankubito Daphrose na Nabimana Pierre.

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UMWANZURO

Kugira ngo intego yo guhuriza hamwe iyi mirongo igerweho, abagana inkiko n’abatanga ubutabera (Abacamanza, Abashakashatsi n’Abanditsi b’inkiko…) bakwiye kujya bayifashisha mu gihe cyose batanga cyangwa basuzuma ibirego bihuje imiterere n’ibyatanzweho umurongo.

Kubera ko umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko ushobora guhinduka bitewe n’impamvu zitandukanye, abifuza kwifashisha imirongo yatanzwe n’Urukiko bakwiye kujya bihatira kumenya ibyemezo by’inkiko uko byagiye bikurikirana, kugira ngo binabafashe kumenya impinduka zabaye ku mirongo yagiye itangwa mbere.