UBUSHINJACYAHA v NYIRANSABIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v NYIRANSABIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-02-24 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00793/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v NYIRANSABIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00793/2024/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 24 Mutarama 2025] Imanza nshinjabyaha – Ibishingirwaho ngo umucamanza ahamye uregwa icyaha - Agomba kuba afite ibimenyetso bihamya nta gushidikanya ko ushinjwa ariwe wakoze icyaha. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nyiransabimana Josiane, Mubangizi François-Xavier na Ngoboka Claude Thadée barezwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye, bacyekwaho kuba aribo bishe Iradukunda Derick, kuko aribo bari basangiye inzoga ku wa 19/07/2019, umurambo we ukaboneka ku wa 22/07/2019 mu nzu yari acumbitsemo, mu rugo rwa Mubangizi François-Xavier. Urukiko rwemeje ko Mubangizi François-Xavier na Nyiransabimana Josiane bahamwa n’icyaha cyo kwica Iradukunda Derick, rubahanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20 kuri buri wese, naho Ngoboka Claude Thadée akigirwaho umwere, rushingiye ku mvugo z’abaregwa zivuguruzanya ku bijyanye n’igihe baherukana na Iradukunda, ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bavuga ko bumvise urusaku rw’abantu mu cyumba yararagamo, ndetse rushingiye no kuri raporo ya muganga ivuga ko ashobora kuba yarapfuye anizwe. Mu bujurire, Urukiko Rukuru, rumaze gusesengura impamvu z’ubujurire bwa Mubangizi François-Xavier, rwasanze bidahagije kumushinja icyaha aregwa rukimugiraho umwere; naho kuri Nyiransabimana rusanga ibimenyetso byatanzwe bihagije mu kumuhamya icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, rumugumisha ku gifungo cy’imyaka 20. Nyiransabimana Josiane yajuriye bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire anenga urubanza kuba rwamuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku bimenyetso bigenekereje, ko kuba yarasangiye na Iradukunda bitavuze ko ari we wamwishe kuko atigeze agera mu cyumba yapfiriyemo, ko ubuhamya bwa Nsengiyumva ntacyo bwamara kuko avuga ko atamenye amajwi y’abasakurije mu cyumba cya Iradukunda, ko kandi ubuhamya bwa Nyiranshimiyimana butavugisha ukuri kubera ko atari kujya guha amakuru umuntu utuye mu kandi Kagari asimbutse abo baturanye, asaba kurenganurwa kuko nta cyaha yakoze. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ingingo ushinjwa ashingiraho ubujurire bwe ari nazo yaburanishije ku rwego rw’ubujurire bwa mbere kandi ko Urukiko rwasobanuye impamvu rutazihaye ishingiro kubera ko nta bimenyetso bishyigira imvugo ze. Incamake y’icyemezo: Kugira ngo umucamanza afate icyemezo gihamya icyaha, agomba kuba afite ibimenyetso bihamya nta gushidikanya (preuves à conviction au-delà de tout doute raisonnable) ko ushinjwa ariwe wakoze icyaha. Mu gihe Ubushinjacyaha bushingiye ku bimenyetso bicukumbuye, nk’uko biri muri iyi dosiye, ibigomba kuba bikomeye, bisobanuye kandi bihuje. Ibimenyetso byashingiweho mu guhamya Nyiransamana Josiane icyaha cyo kwica Iradukunda Derick bikaba bitujuje ibisabwa, no kubishingiraho bikaba bigize isesengura rigenekereje kandi mu manza nshinjabyaha, ihame ari uko Ubushinjacyaha butanga ibimenyetso bishinja nta shiti (preuves au delà de tout doute raisonable) ko ushinjwa ari we wakoze icyaha ashinjwa. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro.

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Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko n° 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso, ingingo ya 81; Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo kuwa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 111. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00737/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha v Uwayisaba habimana Antoine, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 16/02/2022. Urubanza IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kuwa 22/07/2019, mu Mudugudu wa Matimba II, Akagali ka Kagitumba, Umurenge wa Matimba, mu Karere ka Nyagatare habonetse umurambo wa Iradukunda Derick alias SAFI, uyu murambo ukaba warabonetse mu nzu yari acumbitsemo, mu rugo rwa Mubangizi François-Xavier. Ubugenzacyaha bwatangiye iperereza, hakekwa ko yishwe na Nyiransabimana Josiane afatanyije na Mubangizi François-Xavier na Ngoboka Claude Thadée, basangiye inzoga ku wa 19/07/2019, barafatwa bakorerwa dosiye yaregewe Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare bakurikiranyweho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi. Abaregwa baburanye bahakana icyaha, ko uretse kuba barasangiye inzoga nta handi bahuriye na we. [2] Mu rubanza RP 01079/2019/TGI/NYG rwaciwe ku wa 11/05/2022, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, rushingiye ku mvugo z’abaregwa zivuguruzanya ku bijyanye n’igihe baherukana na Iradukunda, ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bavuga ko bumvise urusaku rw’abantu mu cyumba Iradukunda yararagamo, rushingiye no kuri raporo ya muganga ivuga ko Iradukunda ashobora kuba yarapfuye anizwe, rwemeje ko Mubangizi François-Xavier na Nyiransabimana Josiane bahamwa n’icyaha cyo kwica Iradukunda Derick, rubahanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20ans) kuri buri wese, naho Ngoboka Claude Thadée akigirwaho umwere. [3] Nyiransabimana Josiane yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko yarenganyijwe no kuba Urukiko rwarashingiye ku kimenyetso kidahagije cyo guhinduranya imvugo mu ibazwa rye, ko kuba atarafashwe ibimenyetso byo mu biganza ngo bigereranywe n’ibimenyetso byo ku murambo bivuze ko nta cyaherwaho ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa. Naho Mubangizi yajuriye avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha kandi nta bimenyetso bifatika byashingiweho, ko gushingira ku kuba Iradukunda Derick yari akodesheje mu nzu ye bitavuze ko babanaga kuko hagati y’aho aba n’aho Iradukunda Derick yakodeshaga hatandukanyijwe n’urukuta rurerure, ko kandi kuba mu ijoro yapfuyemo bari babonanye ndetse akanamuherekeza bakicarana muri salon iwe bitavuze ko ari we wamwishe, asaba kurenganurwa. [4] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ubujurire bwabo nta shingiro bufite kuko ntacyo banenga ibimenyetso byashingiweho bahamwa n’icyaha kubera ko mu manza nshinjabyaha urukiko rugendera ku mpamvu zose z’ibyabaye, ko urukiko rwumvise neza ikimenyetso cya “expertise”, ko kuva bakinenga bagombye kuzana ikikivuguruza kuko amagambo gusa atavuguruza ikimenyetso iki kimenyetso, busaba ko igihano cyatanzwe kigumaho.

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[5] Mu rubanza RPA 00782/2022/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 26/07/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, rumaze gusesengura impamvu z’ubujurire bwa Mubangizi François-Xavier, rwasanze bidahagije kumushinja icyaha aregwa rukimugiraho umwere; naho kuri Nyiransabimana rusanga ibimenyetso byatanzwe bihagije mu kumuhamya icyaha cy’ubwicanyi yakoreye Iradukunda, rumugumisha ku gifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20ans). [6] Mu guhamya icyaha Nyiransabimana, Urukiko rwashingiye ku kuba yaragiye yivuguruza ku bijyanye n’amasaha yatandukaniyeho na Iradukunda no kuba Nsengiyumva yariyumviye urusaku rw’abantu bari mu cyumba cya Iradukunda n’ubwo atamenye abo aribo, rushingira no ku mvugo ya Nyiranshimiyimana uvuga ko yiyumviye Nyiransabimana avuga ko yaraye asinze akamena amatara yo mu cyumba cya Iradukunda, ndetse rushingira no kuri raporo ya muganga yerekanye ko hari inkovu zabonetse ku ijosi ry’umurambo. [7] Nyiransabimana Josiane yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri No RPAA 00793/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame kuwa 9/1/2025 yunganiwe na Me Sebukonoke Innocent naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Mukunzi Faustin, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu mwanzuro we w’ubujurire Nyiransabimana Josiane anenga urubanza ajuririra ko rwamuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku bimenyetso bigenekereje, ko kuba yarasangiye na Iradukunda bitavuze ko ari we wamwishe kuko atigeze agera mu cyumba yapfiriyemo, ko ubuhamya bwa Nsengiyumva ntacyo bwamara kuko avuga ko atamenye amajwi y’abasakurije mu cyumba cya Iradukunda, ko kandi ubuhamya bwa Nyiranshimiyimana butavugisha ukuri kubera ko atari kujya guha amakuru umuntu utuye mu kandi Kagari asimbutse abo baturanye, asaba kurenganurwa kuko nta cyaha yakoze. [9] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ingingo ushinjwa ashingiraho ubujurire bwe ari nazo yaburanishije ku rwego rw’ubujurire bwa mbere kandi ko Urukiko rwasobanuye impamvu rutazihaye ishingiro kubera ko nta bimenyetso bishyigira imvugo ze. [10] Ubushinjacyaha busanga urubanza rujuririrwa rwaraciwe hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’impande zombi, ko ntaho bigaragara ko urukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje kugenekereza cyangwa ngo rwirengagize ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’impande zombi. Buvuga ko ubuhamya bwashingiweho bugize ikimenyetso gihagije, ko kuba nta kimenyetso cya gihanga cyashakishijwe bidatesha agaciro ibyagezweho, busaba ko Nyiransabimana yahamishwa ku gihano yahawe. [11] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasuzuma niba Nyiransabimana Josiane yarahamijwe icyaha nta bimenyetso bihagije bikimushinja. II. ISESENGURA RY’URUBANZA  Kumenye niba Nyiransabimana Josiane yarahamijwe icyaha cyo kwica Iradukunda nta bimenyetso bishingiweho [12] Nyiransabimana Josiane yunganiwe na Me Sebukonoke Innocent yajuriye avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bigenekereje, ko kuba yarasangiye inzoga na Iradukunda kugeza ku masaha akuze bitavuze ko ari we wamwishe kuko batandukanye buri wese

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akajya mu nzu ye, ko kuba yarabyutse amushakisha byatewe nuko yari yamuhaye telefoni ye ngo ayimurarize ku muriro, ko kandi kuba yarivuguruje ku masaha batandukaniyeho byatewe nuko nawe yari yanyoye ntamenye neza isaha batandukaniyeho. [13] Avuga ko ubuhamya bwa Nsengiyumva butagombaga guhabwa agaciro kubera ko yavuze ko yumvise amajwi y’abantu mu cyumba cya Iradukunda ariko ntashobore kumenya niba ari ijwi ry’umugore cyangwa iry’umugabo, ko kandi niba yarumvise ari amajwi y’abantu batongana atari gutegereza iminsi atabivuze ngo bifashe abantu kumenya ibyabaye kuri Iradukunda wapfuye akamara iminsi itatu mu nzu. Avuga kandi ko ubuhamya bwa Nyiranshimiyimana uvuga ko Nyiransabimana yamubwiye ko kubera ubusinzi byatumye amena amatara yo mu cyumba cya Iradukunda, nta kuri kuburimo kuko atari kujya kubwira umuntu badatuye mu kagari kamwe, ngo abo baturanye mu mudugudu babure kubimenya. [14] Me Sebukonoke avuga ko raporo ya muganga idashinja Nyiransabimana kuko, uretse no kuba Iradukunda yaba yarishwe n’abandi bantu cyangwa ubusinzi kuko basanze yarutse ndetse ava amaraso mu mazuru, nta nubwo bapimye ibiganza bya Nyiransabimana ngo bisanishwe n’inkovu zabonetse ku mubiri wa Iradukunda. Avuga ko bitumvikana uburyo Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko Iradukunda yananiwe gutabaza kubera ubusinzi ariko bugashinja Nyiransabimana kuba yaragize imbaraga zo kumuniga kugeza apfuye kandi nawe yari yasinze kuko bari basangiye inzoga. Asoza asaba kurenganura uwo yunganira kuko ntaho ahuriye n’urupfu rwa Iradukunda cyane ko nta n’icyo yari kumuziza. [15] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiyeho ziboneka mu gika cya 17 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa aho rwasanze ari Nyiransabimana wasangiye inzoga bwa nyuma na Iradukunda kandi ko yageze no mu cyumba cye nk’uko byahamijwe na Nyiranshimiyimana wabimwumvanye, ko kwivuguruza kwe kwari kugambiriye guhisha icyaha kandi ko kuba atarapimwe ibiganza ntacyo bigabanya ku ireme ry’ibindi bimenyetso kubera ko nyuma y’iminsi itatu bitari koroha kubona ibyuya bisanisha uwakoze icyaha n’uwagikorewe. Ubushinjacyaha busoza buvuga ko, uretse imvugo ihakana gusa nta bimenyetso Nyiransabimana agaragaza byavuguruza ibyashingiweho ahamwa n’icyaha. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Ubujurire bwa Nyiransabimana Josiane bugamije kwerekana ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo kwica Iradukunda Derick hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bigenekereje. [17] Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ihame n’uko Ubushinjacyaha butanga ibimenyetso bishinja nta shiti (preuves au delà de tout doute raisonable) ko ushinjwa ari we wakoze icyaha ashinjwa1. Umucamanza agomba gusesengurana ubushishozi uruhurirane rw’ibimenyetso, agahamya ushinjwa icyaha mu gihe gusa asanga nta wundi mwanzuro wagerwaho n’isesengura yakoze uretse

1 Herny BOSLY et Damien VANDERMEERSCH, Droit de la procédure pénale, 2è Edition, 2001, p. 929-930. : “ Le juge ne peut déclarer un prévenu copable que s’il a acquis l’intime conviction de sa culpabilité au- delà de tout doute raisonable sur la base d’élémemts de preuve qui lui ont été régulièrement produits et soumis à la contradiction et qu’il apprecie souverainement…. Certes, la jurisprudence n’interdit pas au juge de tirer une preuve d’un ensemble d’éléments convergents, meme si ces éléments pris isolément ne fournissent pas une certitude suffisante. Mais encore faut-il s’assurer que ce résultat n’est atteint qu’au terme d’un raisonnement rigoureux basé sur la logique du raisonnable.

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iryo gusanisha uwakoze icyaha n’icyaha cyakozwe. Iri hame ryagarutsweho mu manza zitandukanye harimo n’urubanza RPAA 00737/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 16/02/20222. [18] Ingingo ya 81 y’Itegeko N° 062/2024 ryo kuwa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso iteganya ko: “Urwego rufite ububasha rwemera gusa ikimenyetso gicukumbuwe n’ubwenge bw’umuntu, iyo ari ingirakamaro, gisobanuye, gihuje n’ibivugwa mu kibazo kandi gusa ari uko itegeko ryemera gutanga ikimenyetso hashingiwe ku mpamvu zose z’ibyabaye”. [19] Urukiko rurasanga ibimenyetso byashingiweho mu guhamya Nyiransabimana Josiane icyaha, nk’uko biboneka mu gika cya 17 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, bigizwe no kuba uyu ari we wanyuma wasangiye inzoga na Iradukunda ku wa 19/07/2019, ko yivuguruje ku bijyanye n’isaha batandukaniyeho, ko uwitwa Nsengiyumva yumvise amajwi asakuza mu cyumba cya Iradukunda, ko kandi uwitwa Nyiranshimiyimana yumvise Nyiransabimana avuga ko kubera ubusinzi yamennye itara ryo mu cyumba cya Iradukunda. [20] Urukiko rurasanga ibimenyetso bivuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, byaba bisesenguwe kimwe ku kindi cyangwa ku buryo bukomatanyije, bidashobora gutuma Urukiko rugera ku mwanzuro umwe rukumbi wo guhamya Nyiransabimana Josiane urupfu rwa Iradukunda Derick. Rurasanga kuba barasangiye inzoga ku wa 19/07/2019 ari benshi ariko Nyiransabimana akaba ari we batandukana bwa nyuma kandi uyu akaba yarivuguruje ku birebana n’amasaha batandukaniye, bidakwiye gufatwa ko ari we wamwishe, kuko nta sano ya hafi iri mu gusangira inzoga n’urupfu rwa Iradukunda. Urukiko rurasanga, nubwo mu ibazwa rye ryo ku 23/07/2019, Nyiransabimana yivuguruje ku bijyanye n’amasaha yatandukaniyeho na Iradukunda, nyamara kandi iyi mvugo ye ihamya ko batandukaniye mu cyumba cye (icyumba cya Nyiransabimana) ku isaha ya saa sita z’ijoro, ntishobora kumubera ikimenyetso kimushinja urupfu rwa Iradukunda kuko nta wundi muntu umushinja ko yamubonye mu nzu ya Iradukunda aho umurambo we wabonetse. [21] Urukiko rurasanga, ubuhamya bwa Nsengiyumva butagize ikimenyetso gishinja Nyiransabimana kuko uyu avuga ko yumvise amajwi asakuriza mu cyumba cya Iradukunda, icyumba avuga ko gifitanye n’icye, ariko akaba atarashoboye kwemeza ko yumvisemo ijwi rya Nyiransabimana basanzwe baturanye mu gipangu, habe no kumenya niba amajwi yumvise ari ay’abagabo cyangwa ay’abagore. Rurasanga Nsengiyumva mu buhamya bwe avuga ko yiyumviye Iradukunda avuga ko agiye kumena amatara yo mu cyumba cye, mu gihe Nyiranshimiyimana we avuga ko yiyumviye Nyiransabimana avuga ko yaraye asinze cyane ku buryo yamennye amatara yo mu cyumba cya Iradukunda, ibi bikaba bituma Urukiko rushidikanya ku buhamya aba bombi batanze. [22] Urukiko rurasanga, kugira ngo umucamanza afate icyemezo gihamya icyaha, agomba kuba afite ibimenyetso bihamya nta gushidikanya (preuves à conviction au-delà de tout doute raisonnable) ko ushinjwa ariwe wakoze icyaha. Mu gihe Ubushinjacyaha bushingiye ku bimenyetso bicukumbuye, nk’uko biri muri iyi dosiye, ibigomba kuba bikomeye, bisobanuye kandi bihuje, nk’uko bivugwa mu ngingo ya 83 y’Itegeko n° 062/2024 ryo kuwa 20/06/2024 ryavuzwe haruguru; ibimenyetso byashingiweho mu guhamya NYIRANSAMANA Josiane icyaha

2 Reba igika cya 16n’icya 17 by’urubanza RPAA 00737/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 16/02/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na UWAYISABA HABIMANA Antoine

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cyo kwica Iradukunda Derick bikaba bitujuje ibisabwa mu ngingo ya 83 ivuzwe, no kubishingiraho bikaba bigize isesengura rigenekereje. [23] Urukiko, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo kuwa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ivuga ko gushidikanya birengera ushinjwa, rurasanga Nyiransabimana Josiane agomba kugirwa umwere ku cyaha cyo kwica Iradukunda Derick. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [24] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nyiransabimana Josiane bufite ishingiro. [25] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00782/2022/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana kuwa 26/07/2024, ihindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. [26] Rwemeje ko Nyiransabimana Josiane agizwe umwere ku cyaha cyo kwica Iradukunda Derick. [27] Rutegetse ko Nyiransabimana Josiane ahita afungurwa uru rubanza rukimara gusomwa. [28] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’uru rubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.