UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYIRANSABIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYIRANSABIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-03-21 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00449/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NYIRANSABIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00449/2024/CA (Kaliwabo), P.J; 21 Werurwe 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – kwongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano mubujurire – mu gihe Urukiko rusanze hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zatuma ushinjwa agabanyirizwa ibihano, uwakoze icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ashobora kugabanyirizwa ariko igihano ahawe ntikijye munsi y’imyaka 15 naho igihano cy’ihazabu kikaba kidashobora kujya munsi ya ¼ cy’ihazabu ntoya iteganyirijwe icyaha bireba. Incamake y’ikibazo:Ubushinja cyaha bwaregeye urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge; NYIRANSABIMANA, bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko yahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 25.000.000Frw. Nyiransabimana yaburanye ahakana icyaha cyo kugurisha urumogi, yemera gusa ko yarufatanwe nabwo ko ari umuntu warusize iwe atabizi. Mu rubanza no RP 00639/2021/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe kuwa 30/07/2021, urukiko rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi , rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. NYIRANSABIMANA Louise yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo kugurisha urumogi kandi yararufatanwe gusa, mu rubanza RPA 01249/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe kuwa 31/05/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze impamvu z’ubujurire NYIRANSABIMANA Louise ashingiraho nta shingiro zifite, rusanga ariko kuba aribwo bwa mbere yakurikiranwa n’inzego z’ubutabera byamubera impamvu yo kugabanyirizwa ibihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.250.000frw. NYIRANSABIMANA Louise yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri n° RPAA 00449/2024/CA, avuga ko agamije gutakambira Urukiko kugira ngo rwongere rumugabanyirize ibihano ku buryo buhagije kubera ko yakoze icyaha kubera ubukene no kurengera abana be Incamacye y’icyemezo: Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye kumategeko yavuzwe hasi rurasanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 5.250.000Frw, aricyo gihano gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha NYIRANSABIMANA Louise yakoze cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi (udupfunyika 44). Ikirego nta ishingiro gifite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko n° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange mu ngingo yaryo ya 11;

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Ingingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange mu ngingo yaryo ya 2 Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPA 0010/06/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/07/2008 Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: Michel Franchimont, Ann Jacobs na Adrien Masset, mu gitabo cyabo cyitwa ″Manuel de procédure pénale″, Edition du Jeune Barreau de Liège, 1989, ku rupapuro rwa 772 URUBANZA

I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kuwa 23/04/2021, NYIRANSABIMANA Louise yafatanwe udupfunyika mirongo ine na tune (44boules) tw’urumogi twari mu cyumba cye agamije kurucuruza. Abazwa imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha n’Ubushinjacyaha yemeye icyaha agisabira imbabazi asobanura ko yafatanywe urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 44 agamije kurucuruza. [2] Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko yahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 25.000.000Frw. Nyiransabimana yaburanye ahakana icyaha cyo kugurisha urumogi, yemera gusa ko yarufatanwe nabwo ko ari umuntu warusize iwe atabizi. [3] Mu rubanza no RP 00639/2021/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe kuwa 30/07/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rushingiye ku mvugo ye yakoreye imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha no ku nyandikomvugo y’abatangabuhamya bamushinja, no ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira yashyizeho umukono yemeza ko udupfunyika 44 tw’urumogi dufatiriwe ari utwe, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi , rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. [4] NYIRANSABIMANA Louise yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo kugurisha urumogi kandi yararufatanwe gusa, ko n’urwo yafatanwe atari we waruhawe ahubwo baruhaye umwana we bavuga ko bagaruka kurufata, barubika batazi ko ari urumogi, asaba ko yahamwa n’icyaha cyo gufatanwa urumogi mu kigwi cyo kurucuruza, n’igihano yahabwa kikagabanywa. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Nyiransabimana nta shingiro bwahabwa kuko atabasha kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi; busaba ko igihano yahawe cyagumaho kuko na n’ubu agihakana icyaha. [5] Mu rubanza n° RPA 01249/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe kuwa 31/05/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze impamvu z’ubujurire NYIRANSABIMANA Louise ashingiraho nta shingiro zifite kuko atabashije kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge, rusanga ariko kuba aribwo bwa mbere yakurikiranwa n’inzego z’ubutabera

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byamubera impamvu yo kugabanyirizwa ibihano, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’itegeko n° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura itegeko no. 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange , rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.250.000frw. [6] NYIRANSABIMANA Louise yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri n° RPAA 00449/2024/CA, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame kuwa 6/3/2025 yunganiwe na Me MUSASANGOHE Illuminée naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na BUTERA Oscar, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] NYIRANSABIMANA Louise yajuririye Urukiko rw’ubujurire avuga ko agamije gutakambira Urukiko kugira ngo rwongere rumugabanyirize ibihano ku buryo buhagije kubera ko yakoze icyaha kubera ubukene no kurengera abana be , naho mu iburanisha ryo kuwa 6/3/2025 asaba guhindurirwa inyito y’icyaha agahanirwa gufatanwa urumogi mu kigwi cyo kurucuruza. Me MUSASANGOHE Illuminée umwunganira avuga ko uyu yafatanwe ibiyobyabwenge nta muntu arabiha, ko ntacyari kumubuza no kwisubiraho, ibyo bikaba byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [8] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko Ubujurire bwa NYIRANSABIMANA Louise nta shingiro bwahabwa kuko yaburanye ahakana icyaha ariko Urukiko rubirengaho rumugabanyiriza igihano mu buryo buhagije, ndetse ahabwa igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko ku cyaha yahamijwe , ko ibyo asaba yarangije kubihabwa. [9] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasuzuma inyito yahabwa icyaha NYIRANSABIMANA Louise yakoze n’igihano yahanishwa. II. ISESENGURA RY’ URUBANZA A. Kumenya niba NYIRANSABIMANA Louise yarakoze icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi mu kigwi cyo kubicuruza. [10] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire, NYIRANSABIMANA Louise avuga ko yajurijwe no gutakambira Urukiko kugira ngo rwongere rumugabanyirize ibihano ku buryo buhagije kubera ko yakoze icyaha kubera ubukene no kurengera abana be , naho mu iburanisha ryo kuwa 6/3/2025 asaba guhindurirwa inyito y’icyaha agahanirwa gufatanwa urumogi mu kigwi cyo kurucuruza kuko n’urwo yafatanwe ari umuntu bari basanzwe bafitanye amakimbirane waje arusiga iwe atazi ko arirwo nyuma aza kurufatanwa. Asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kugira ngo ajye kwita ku banabe bandagaye dore ko n’umugabo we afunzwe. [11] Me MUSASANGOHE Illuminée umwunganira avuga ko uyu yahamijwe icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi kuko yaburanye atunganiwe ntiyisobanura neza ku cyaha yakoze, ko kuri ubu agize amahirwe yo kunganirwa no gusobanurirwa inyito yahabwa icyaha yakoze, asaba urukiko kuzashishoza maze rugaha agaciro ko Nyiransabimana Louise yemeye ko yafatanywe urumogi atararukwirakwiza ngo rugire uwo rwangiriza ndetse bishoboka ko yari no kwisubiraho ntarucuruze. [12] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko Ubujurire bwa NYIRANSABIMANA Louise nta shingiro bwahabwa kuko yaburanye ahakana icyaha ariko Urukiko rubirengaho rumugabanyiriza

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igihano mu buryo buhagije, ndetse ahabwa igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko ku cyaha yahamijwe, ko ibyo asaba yarangije kubihabwa. Busaba urukiko guhamishaho imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa mu ngingo zarwo zose. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko n° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, yahinduye ingingo ya 263 iteganya ko « (...) Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: 1 º igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw), ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye; (…) [14] Ingingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …(a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; naho mu gace ka (d) ikavuga ko ihazabu ishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ cy’igihano cy’ihazabu ntoya yateganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe“. [15] NYIRANSABIMANA Louise wajuriye avuga ko atakambira Urukiko kugira ngo agabanyirizwe ibihano, yageze mu iburanisha ahindura imvugo asaba guhindurirwa inyito y’icyaha agahanirwa gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge. [16] Urukiko rurasanga imiburanire yo guhinduranya imvugo ariyo yaranze NYIRANSABIMANA kuva agifatwa kugeza kuri uru rwego. Rurasanga imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha NYIRANSABIMANA yaremeye icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge avuga ko hari umuntu atazi wamuzaniye udupfunyika 2 tw’urumogi ngo arucuruze ariko afatwa atararugurisha kandi ko bwari ubwa mbere agiye kubicuruza. Mu Bushinjacyaha, NYIRANSABIMANA yemeye icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwnege kubera ubuzima bubi yanyuzemo, ko yari amaze imyaka 4 abicuruza, ko udupfunyika 44 tw’urumogi yafatanwe yaduhawe n’umukarani wakoraga kwa Mutangana iNyabugogo akamubwira ko azajya amuzanira abakiliya, uyu aba ari we umuzanira abapolisi bamufashe. Mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye, yagarutse ku mvugo yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha avuga ko yafatanwe udupfunyika 2 tw‘urumogi kandi ko bwari ubwa mbere agiye kurucuruza. NYIRANSABIMANA yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko yahaniwe icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge kandi yaragombaga guhanirwa icyo kubifatanwa gusa kuko aricyo yakoze. [17] Urukiko rurasanga NYIRANSABIMANA Louise unenga ko yahaniwe icyaha atakoze, adashobora kwerekana inenge yakozwe n’Urukiko rwashingiye ku mvugo ze bwite no ku nyandiko-mvugo y’ifatira ry’ibiyobyabwenge (udupfunyika 44 tw’urumogi) yashyizeho umukono yemeza ko ibiyobyabwenge bifatiriwe ari ibye. [18] Ikibazo cyo kumenya agaciro gahabwa imvugo y’ushinjwa yavugiye mu nzego z’iperereza ariko akayivuguruza mu Rukiko cyakemuwe mu rubanza RPA 0010/06/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/07/2008 ndetse no mu zindi manza zitandukanye , aho rwemeje ko

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umucamanza ariwe ureba agaciro k’imvugo uregwa yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha kabone niyo yagera imbere y’urukiko akayihindura. [19] Ibimaze kuvugwa bihura kandi n’ibisobanuro bitangwa n’abahanga mu by’amategeko barimo Michel Franchimont, Ann Jacobs na Adrien Masset, mu gitabo cyabo cyitwa ″Manuel de procédure pénale″, Edition du Jeune Barreau de Liège, 1989, ku rupapuro rwa 772, ahavugwa ko mu manza nshinjabyaha, umucamanza uburanisha urubanza mu mizi ari we wemeza ko ibyo uregwa yemeye mu gihe cy’iperereza ari ukuri kudashidikanywaho n’iyo uregwa yakwisubiraho mu rukiko akagira ibyo ahindura cyangwa ahakana ku byo yari yavuze mbere (L’appréciation de la sincérité d‘un aveu en matière répressive relève du pouvoir souverain du juge du fond...Le juge de fond apprécie souverainement la sincérité d’un aveu fait par le prévenu au cours de l’instruction préparatoire, même quand cet aveu a été ultérieurement rétracté devant le tribunal). [20] Urukiko rurasanga kuva NYIRANSABIMANA yafatwa, uyu yaremeye ko yafatanwe ibiyobyabwenge (nubwo agenda ahindura imvugo ku bijyanye n’ingano yabyo), mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha akaba yaremeye ko yari agamije kubigurisha ndetse mu Bushinjacyaha akaba yarivugiye ko yari amaze imyaka 4 acuruza ibiyobyabwenge, ibi bimenyetso bikaba byiyongera ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya n’inyandiko-mvugo y’ifatira ry’udupfunyika 44 tw’urumogi, ibi bimenyetso bikaba bidashobora kuvuguruzwa n’imvugo ye itagira ikindi kiyishyigikiye, agamije guhanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge nyamara ataricyo yakoze. [21] Kubera impamvu zisobanuwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu kwemeza ko NYIRANSABIMANA Louise yakoze icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Ku birebana n‘ibihano [22] Icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye by’urumogi NYIRANSABIMANA Louise ashinjwa gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu itari munsi ya 20.000.000Frw ariko idashobora kurenga 30.000.000Frw nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko no 069/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [23] Mu gihe Urukiko rusanze hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zatuma ushinjwa agabanyirizwa ibihano, ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko no 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko no 68/2018 iteganya uwakoze icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ashobora kugabanyirizwa ariko igihano ahawe ntikijye munsi y’imyaka 15 naho igihano cy’ihazabu kikaba kidashobora kujya munsi ya ¼ cy’ihazabu ntoya iteganyirijwe icyaha bireba. [24]

Mu rubanza no RPA 01249/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe 31/05/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze kuba aribwo bwa mbere NYIRANSABIMANA Louise yakurikiranwa n’inzego z’ubutabera byamubera impamvu yo kugabanyirizwa ibihano, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’itegeko no 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura itegeko no. 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.250.000frw.

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[25] Kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaragabanyirije igihano NYIRANSABIMANA Louise kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15, Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa rwakoze ndetse iki gihano kikaba kidashobora kugabanywa biruseho kuko aricyo gihano gito gishoboka kuri iki cyaha ushinjwa yahamijwe. [26] Ku birebana n’ubusabe bwo kugabanyirizwa ibihano kugira ngo ajye kwita ku bana be bandagaye, Urukiko rurasanga nta rindi gabanyagihano rishoboka kuko yahanishijwe ibihano bito bishoboka ; naho ku birebana n’ubuzima bubi abana be barikunyuramo, izo akaba ari zimwe mu ngaruka z’icyaha buri wese yagombye gutekerezaho mbere yo kwishora mu bikorwa bibujijwe n’amategeko, kuko ufunzwe adashobora kubangikanya inshingano z’urugo no kurangiza igihano cy’igifungo nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza RPAA 00618/2021/CA . [27] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 5.250.000Frw, aricyo gihano gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha NYIRANSABIMANA Louise yakoze cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi (udupfunyika 44). III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [28] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa NYIRANSABIMANA Louise nta shingiro bufite. Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 01249/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 31/05/2024 igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose. [29] Rwemeje ko NYIRANSABIMANA Louise agumishwa ku gifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.250.000 Frw) ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. [30] Rutegetse ko NYIRANSABIMANA Louise asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.