UBUSHINJACYAHA vs NZABAKIRIRA [

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs NZABAKIRIRA [

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-04-22 - Case/document no.: RPAA00193/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs NZABAKIRIRA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA00193/2024/CA (Nyirandabaruta, P.J.) 22 Mata 2025] Amategeko Mpanabyaha – Ibihano – Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha – Kujya munsi y’igihano gito giteganyijwe n’Itegeko – Umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe Itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. Incamake y’icyibazo:Uru rubanza rwatangiye Ubushinjacyaha burega Nzabakirira mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge nyuma yuko Dasso imufatanye ibiro bibiri (2kg) z’urumugi. Nzabakirira yaburanye avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe atari urwe, ko ari urw’uwitwa Manirafasha warumuhaye ngo arumutwaze ko aza kumuhemba, ariko akomeza asobanura ko nawe ubwe asanzwe acuruza urumogi akavuga ko yari amaze igihe cy'ukwezi arucuruza. Urukiko Rwisumbuye mu rubanza RP00478/2020/TGI/GIC, rushingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya no ku mvugo y’uregwa yemera icyaha, rwemeza ko Nzabakirira ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000Frw). Nzabakirira yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwamuhaye igihano cyo hejuru cya burundu kandi yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, ko yagikoze kubera ubukene, akaba ari nabwo bwa mbere akoze icyaha asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Nzabakirira atanenga imikirize y’urubanza ajuririra, busaba Urukiko Rukuru kwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko hagumaho ibihano yahawe. Urukiko Rukuru, mu rubanza RPA00934/2020/HC/KIG, rwasanze ubujurire bwa Nzabakirira bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rumugabanyiriza igihano rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha y’uko yemera icyaha rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). Nzabakirira yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutamugabanyirije igihano ngo rujye munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, asaba kongera kukigabanyirizwa. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire bwa Nzabakirira zitahabwa ishingiro, kuko yagabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo buhagije kandi igihano yahawe akaba aricyo gito giteganywa n’itegeko. Urukiko mu rubanza RPAA00193/2024/CA, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nzabakirira nta shingiro bufite kuko igihano yahawe aricyo gito giteganyirijwe icyha cyamuhamye. Incamake y’icyemezo:Umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe Itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. Bityo, iyo Urukiko rushobora kujya munsi y’igihano gito giteganyijwe rushingiye ku Itegeko rihari, hakaza Itegeko ririhindura cyangwa ririvanaho riteganya ko igihano gito kidashobora kujyinbwa munsi, nicyo kigomba gukurikizwa. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange.

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Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA, haburana Ubushinjacyaha Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023 Urubanza RPAA 00530/2022/CA, haburana Ubushinjaha na Kubwimana Jonathan rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 12/1/2024, igika cya 22; Urubanza RPAA 00627/2022/CA, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Phocas, igika cya 34, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/02/2024, Urubanza RPAA 01452/2024/CA, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzabamwita Silas, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 14/02/2025 (igika cya 16). Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 29/06/2020, Dasso zo mu Mudugudu wa Runaba, Akagari ka Gihanga, Umurenge wa Rubaya, mu Majyaruguru zafatanye Nzabakirira Théophile ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi rungana n’ibiro bibiri (2 Kgs). Nyuma yo gukora iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, bumusabira igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. [2] Nzabakirira Théophile yaburanye avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe atari urwe, ko ari urw’ubwitwa Manirafasha Edison warumuhaye ngo arumutwaze ko aza kumuhemba, ariko akomeza asobanura ko nawe ubwe asanzwe acuruza urumogi akavuga ko yari amaze igihe cy'ukwezi arucuruza. [3] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwaciye urubanza RP00478/2020/TGI/GIC ku wa 06/08/2020, rushingiye ku bimenyetso byatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha birimo imvugo ya Nzabakirira Théophile yo mu Bugenzacyaha yemera ko yafatanwe urumogi yari akuye Bushenya arujyanye Manyagiro kandi ko yari amaze ukwezi arucuruza, imvugo y’umutangabuhamya Turyatemba umushinja ko yafatanwe urumogi arukuye Uganda, akavuga ko yaketswe agafatwa n’inkeragutabara, no kunyandiko-mvugo y’ifatira ry’urumogi Nzabakirira Théophile yashyizeho umukono, rwemeza ko Nzabakirira Théophile ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000Frw). [4] Nzabakirira Théophile yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwamuhaye igihano cyo hejuru cya burundu kandi yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, ko yagikoze kubera ubukene, akaba ari nabwo bwa mbere akoze icyaha asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. [5] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko nk’uko bigaragara mu myanzuro ye, Nzabakirira Théophile atanenga imikirize y’urubanza ajuririra, busaba Urukiko Rukuru kwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko hagumaho ibihano yahawe. [6] Urukiko Rukuru, mu rubanza RPA00934/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 29/02/2024, rwasanze ubujurire bwa Nzabakirira Théophile bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, kuko rwasanze Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwaramuhanishije igifungo cya burundu rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko yahakanye icyaha, ariko rwasanga icyaha urwo Rukiko rwamuhamije ari icyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge kandi ko atigeze agihakana, rumugabanyiriza igihano rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha y’uko yemera icyaha rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). [7] Nzabakirira Théophile yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwe ruhabwa RPAA00193/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 01/04/2025, Nzabakirira Théophile

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yunganiwe na Me Ruberwa Ngarukiye Silas, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habimana Jean Cabin, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu miburanire no mu myanzuro y’ubujurire bwe yo ku wa 18/03/2024, Nzabakirira Théophile avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutamugabanyirije igihano ngo rujye munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, asaba kongera kukigabanyirizwa. [9] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire bwa Nzabakirira Théophile zitahabwa ishingiro, kuko yagabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo buhagije kandi igihano yahawe akaba aricyo gito giteganywa n’itegeko, ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru cyagumaho. [10] Hashingiwe kuri izo mpaka, harasuzumwa niba Nzabakirira Théophile ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba NZABAKIRIRA Théophile ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano [11] Nzabakirira Théophile na Me Ruberwa Ngarukiye Silas umwunganira bavuga ko yemera ko icyaha akurikiranyweho yagikoze kubera ubukene, basaba uru Rukiko kongera rukamugabanyiriza igihano rukakigeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko; ko Urukiko Rukuru rwashyize umupaka ku bihano rwamuhaye kandi hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ko mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaharero nta cyabuza umucamanza kugabanyiriza uregwa igihano kuko biri mu bwigenge bwe, nk’uko byemejwe mu manza zitandukanye harimo n’urubanza RPAA00530/2021/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Kanamugire ndetse n’urubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC00003/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 14/12/2019, haburana Kabasinga Florida na Leta y’u Rwanda, izo manza zikaba zigaragaza ko nta mupaka ukwiye kubaho mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [12] Me Ruberwa Ngarukiye Silas asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuzashingira ku mirongo yatanzwe mu rubanza RPAA00251/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2024 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Ntakirutimana Damien mu gika cyarwo cya 20, n’urubanza RPAA00624/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/02/2024 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Niyibizi Anicet, igika cya 17; ko muri izo manza zombi hasobanuwe ko iyo hari amategeko abiri ahana rimwe ryariho icyaha gikorwa irindi rigasohoka nyuma kandi urubanza rukiburanishwa, Itegeko rikoreshwa ari iryorohereza uregwa. Avuga ko hari imirongo yatanzwe mbere y’uko Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ryateganyije mu ngingo yaryo ya 2 igihano umucamanza adashobora kujya munsi risohoka, ndetse n’iyatanzwe nyuma rimaze gusohoka, ko rero hakurikizwa umurongo watanzwe worohereza uregwa. [13] Asoza asaba ko hashingirwa ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA00305/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/04/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nyirandikubwayo Jeannette aregwa icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, wahawe igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu ya miriyoni eshanu (5,000,000Frw) aho kuba imyaka makumyabiri (20), Nzabakirira Théophile nawe agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5). [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 17 cy’urubanza RPA00934/2020/HC/KIG rujuririrwa, Nzabakirira Théophile yagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije kandi ko ntacyo anenga urubanza yajuririye. [15] Avuga ko igihano Nzabakirira Théophile yahawe kitanyuranyije n’ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 2, agace ka (b) y’Itegeko no 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ko kandi hazanashingirwa ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPA00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na

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Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, wanakurikijwe mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko nko mu rubanza RPAA00176/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/02/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Jacques, kuko ntacyo anenga urubanza rwajuririwe,igihano Nzabakirira Théophile yahawe kikagumaho. [16] Yasoje avuga ko ibyo Nzabakirira Théophile n’umwunganizi we basaba ko hashingirwa ku manza zaciwe Itegeko rishya ritarajyaho zashingiye ku murongo wari mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2019, uyu murongo utagikoreshwa, nk’uko byemejwe mu manza nyinshi zirimo n’urubanza RPAA00048/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul (mu gika cya 26), aho rwagaragaje ko umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho (cyangwa ryahinduwe). UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba bishoboka ko Nzabakirira Théophile wahanishijwe gufungwa imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo yahabwa igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito Itegeko riteganyiriza icyo cyaha, niba kandi yagabanyirizwa hashingiwe ku mirongo yafashwe mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 14/12/2019, haburana Kabasinga Florida na Leta y’u Rwanda n’izindi manza zarushingiyeho zigaragaza ko nta mupaka ukwiye kubaho mu kugabanya igihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [18] Ibyerekeranye no kugabanya ibihano hashingiwe ku mirongo yatanzwe mu manza zaciwe hashingiwe ku Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, nyuma y’uko hasohotse Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ririhindura, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA00367/2020/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 22/12/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse. Muri urwo rubanza (gika cyarwo cya 18), Urukiko rwasanze ingingo ya 21 y’Itegeko N°059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ari yo igomba gushingirwaho mu kugena aho rukwiriye kugeza rugabanya igihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, aho gushingira ku mirongo yatanzwe mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC00003/2019/SC rwavuzwe haruguru n’urubanza RPAA00032/2019/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 28/02/2020, kimwe n’izindi manza zagendeye kuri uwo murongo, kuko izo manza zaciwe hakurikijwe ibyateganywaga n’ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ikaba yarahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 rivuzwe haruguru. Kubw’ibi, Umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe.2 [19] Ku byerekeranye n’uru rubanza, dosiye igaragaza ko mu rubanza RPA00934/2020/HC/KIG rujuririrwa (igika cya 20), Urukiko Rukuru rwahanishije Nzabakirira Théophile igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) rukivanye ku gifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000Frw) yari yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha y’uko yemera icyaha aregwa, runashingira ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo

1 Iyo ngingo igira iti: « Ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ihinduwe ku buryo bukurikira: Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15;….. ». 2 Reba n’izindi manza. Urugero: Urubanza RPAA00530/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 12/1/2024 haburana Ubushinjaha na Kubwimana Jonathan, igika cya 22; Urubanza RPAA00627/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/02/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Phocas, igika cya 34. Urubanza RPAA01452/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 14/02/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzabamwita Silas (igika cya 16).

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ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange3, igihano yahawe kikaba aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko. [20] Urukiko rushingiye ku murongo wavuzwe haruguru watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA00367/2020/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse, rurasanga igihano Nzabakirira Théophile yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru ari cyo gito giteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe kuvugwa haruguru, icyo gihano bikaba bidashoboka ko cyongera kugabanywa, bityo igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.00.00Frw) yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru kikaba kigumyeho. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nzabakirira Théophile nta shingiro bufite; [22] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA00934/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 29/02/2024, rudahindutse ; igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) Nzabakirira Théophile yahawe kigumyeho; [23] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku isanduku ya Leta, kuko Nzabakirira Théophile afunze.

3 Ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko Ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ihinduwe ku buryo bukurikira: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15“; “(d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.”