NZABANDORA v. IKIGO CY’IGIHUGU GISHINZWE IMISORO N’AMAHORO

# NZABANDORA v. IKIGO CY’IGIHUGU GISHINZWE IMISORO N’AMAHORO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2014-03-28 - Case/document no.: RADA0042/11/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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NZABANDORA v. Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Imisoro n’Amahoro [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RADA0042/11/CS (Mugenzi, P.J., Munyangeri na Kanyange, J.) 28 Werurwe 2014] Amategeko y’ubutegetsi – Indishyi zitandukanye – RRA ntiyacibwa indishyi kubera umukozi wayo yatanze ibyangobwa atabifitiye ububasha . –Mu gihe usaba indishyi zo gushorwa no guhozwa mu manza ku maherere, atagaragaze ko uwamureze yabigize nkana agamije kumwononera nta ndishyi ahabwa.. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nzabandora Alexandre yareze Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro n’amahoro (RRA) mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko yashe imbyangombwa ( Droit de Patente na Autorisation de Transport ) by’imodoka ye muri icyo kigo maze abihabwa n’umukozi w’iki kigo witwa Uwishema Eugène, ariko yandikirwa na RRA imubwira ko iriya modoka atari iye, ikanamumenyesha ko Uwishema Eugène atari umukozi ufite ububasha bwo gutanga ibyo byangombwa, ko akurikiranyweho gutanga inyandiko mpimbano, ikanamufungisha akaba abisabira indishyi. Urwo rukiko rwemeza ko ikirego nta shingiro gifite. Nzabandora yajuririye urubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ko RRA yavuze ko ibyangombwa yahawe n’umukozi wayo ari ibihimbano kandi patente na authorisation de transport yatanze byari bihagije kugaragaza ko imodoka ari iye, ,rukaba rutanamugeneye indishyi z’igihombo n’akababaro yagize kandi yari yazisabye. RRA ivuga ko Nzabandora yagaragaze icyangombwa cyerekana ko imodoka ari iye nyuma haza kugaragazwa ikindi cyerekana ko imodoka atari iye, kandi RRA ikavuga ko icyemezo Nzabandora yahawe na Uwishema kitagomba gufatwa nk’icyatanzwe na RRA kubera ko idatanga icyangombwa kigaragaza ko umutungo ari uwa kanaka, ko ahubwo ku bw’imisoro imodoka yanditswe kuri runaka hagendewe no ku ihame rivuga ko ufite ikitimukanwa aba ariwe ufatwa nka nyiracyo. Propriété kandi ikavuga ko ibyo Uwishema yakoze akwiye kubibazwa ku giti cye, kuko atabikoraga mu rwego rw’inshingano yahawe n’umukoresha. Itanga n’ubujurire bwuririye kubundi isaba indishyi zo gushorwa no guhozwa mu manza ku maherere, izijyane no kwangiza izina ryayo ,amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza. Incamake Y’ikibazo : Kuba ibyangombwa Nzabandora yahawe n’umukozi, ariwe ubwe wari waje kubyaka, akabihabwa nk’uko yabisabaga (bivuga ko imodoka ari iye) yifashishije uwo mukozi, bituma atahindukira ngo aryoze RRA kuba yarabibonyemo amakosa ikayavuga, kandi ariwe wagyiye kubyaka mu nyungu ze, bityo indishyi abisabira nta shingiro zifite. RRA idakwiye guhabwa indishyi zo gushorwa no guhozwa mu manza ku maherere, mu gihe itagaragaza ko uwayireze yabigize nkana agamije kuyononera. Yagenerwa amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza kuko hari ibyo yagombye gutanga ikurikiranye uru rubanza. RRA ntiyahabwa indishyi zo kuba yarangirijwe izina kuko iterekana uburyo ryaba ryarangijwe no kuba yararezwe. Ubujurire nta ishingiro bufite; ubujurire bwuririye kubundi bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku regwa.

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Amategeko yishingiweho: Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza nitangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 3 . Ntamanza zifashishizwe. Urubanza IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA. [1] Nzabandora Alexandre yareze Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro n’amahoro (RRA) avuga ko yagiye kwaka imbyangombwa ( Droit de Patente na Autorisation de Transport ) by’imodoka ye RR 1117 A yaburanaga na Minisiteri y’Ingabo maze akabihabwa mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko n’umukozi w’iki kigo witwa Uwishema Eugène, agatungurwa no kubona kuwa 18/12/2009 yandikirwa na RRA imubwira ko iriya modoka atari iye, ahubwo ko ari iya Rucamukibatsi Alexis, inamumenyesha ko Uwishema Eugène atari umukozi ufite ububasha bwo gutanga ibyo byangombwa, ko ndetse akurikiranyweho gutanga inyandiko mpimbano, akaba asaba indishyi z’ingaruka zo kuba RRA yarahakanye ibya ngombwa bye, ikaba yaranamufungishije. [2] Kuwa 26/07/2011 Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cya Nzabandora nta shingiro gifite, ko ibyemezo yahawe kuwa 13/05/2009 no kuwa 16/05/2009 nta cyemeza ko imodoka RR1117A ivugwamo yigeze yandikwa mu mazina ye n’ubwo bigaragara ko yayiguze na Rucamukibatsi kubera ko nta guhinduza bakoranye, ko rero ntaho rwahera rwemeza ko iyo modoka ari iye. [3] Nzabandora yajuririye urubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ko RRA yavuze ko ibyangombwa yahawe n’umukozi wayo ari ibihimbano bikamutera gufungwa kandi nyamara byerekana ko imodoka ari iye no kuba rutaramugeneye indishyi z’igihombo n’akababaro yagize kandi yari yazisabye. [4] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryabereye mu ruhame ku wa 18/02/2014 Nzabandora yunganiwe na Me Ntihemuka naho RRA iburanirwa na Me KABIBI Spéciose. ISESENGURA RY’BIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA. Kumenya niba RRA yaryozwa indishyi zo kuba yarahakanye ibyangombwa yahaye NZABANDORA by’imodoka, igatuma akurikiranwa akanafungwa. [5] Nzabandora Alexandre na Me Ntihemuka umwunganira bavuga ko ibyo Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko atagaragaje ibyangombwa by’umwimerere bigaragaza ko imodoka ari iye nta shingiro bifite kubera ko patente na autorisation de transport yatanze byari bihagije kugirango agaragaze ko imodoka ari iye.

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[6] Bavuga ko kuba Urukiko rwarashingiye ku buhamya bw’abakozi ba RRA rukemeza ko atanditswe kuri certficat d’immatriculation yo muri 1995 kubera ko iyo modoka yayiguze muri 1996, nabyo ataribyo kubera ko Urukiko rutari gushingira ku mvugo zabo kandi ari nabo baburanyi be, ko rero yagombye guhabwa indishyi kubera ko kuvuga ko ibyangombwa yagaragaje ari ibihimbano byamuteje igihombo nk’umuntu wacuruzaga imbaho akoresha 3.000.000 frw aturiye umupaka, ko yagiraga urwunguko rutari hasi ya 700.000 frw. [7] Basobanura ko ibi byose yabibuze kubera ko yategetswe kwitaba Parquet kabiri mu cyumweru bituma yimukira i Kigali ibyo yakoraga birahagarara, akaba asaba indishyi za 5.000.000 frw kubera ko ibyo yakoraga byose byafashwe n’abandi. [8] Me Ntihemuka na Nzabandora yunganira bavuga ko Ubushinjacyaha bwashyinguye dosiye ku cyaha Nzabandora yari akurikiranweho, kuko bwasanze ibigize icyaha byari bituzuye ko n’urubanza rwaje kwemeza ko ibyangombwa yari yabibonye mu buryo bwemewe n‘amategeko, bityo kuba RRA yarabyigaritse ari yo yabimuhaye bikamutera igihombo igomba kubitangira indishyi. [9] Me KABIBI Spéciose uburanira RRA avuga ko Nzabandora yaje kugaragaza icyangombwa cyatanzwe na RRA cyerekana ko imodoka ari iye nyuma haza na none kugaragazwa ikindi cyerekana ko imodoka atari iye, icyambere kikaba cyari attestation de propriété, icya kabiri kikaba cyaratanzwe mu buryo butari bwo, ko RRA yagaragarije urukiko ko icyemezo cyitwa attestation de propriété Nzabandora yahawe na Uwishema kitagomba gufatwa nk’icyatanzwe na RRA kubera ko idatanga icyangombwa kigaragaza ko umutungo ari uwa kanaka, ko ahubwo ku bw’imisoro imodoka yanditswe kuri runaka hagendewe no ku ihame ‘’en fait de meuble possession vaut titre’’ risobanura ko ufite ikitimukanwa aba ariwe ufatwa nka nyiracyo. [10] Avuga ko Uwishema yarengereye ububasha bwe kuko atari afite ububasha bwo kwemeza ko imodoka yanditse kuri Nzabandora akaba kandi yaratanze icyemezo bitari mu nshingano ze, cyane ko yasinye nk’uhagarariye ufite ububasha (P/O) kandi ntagaragaze uburenganzira yari yahawe n’umuyobozi w’ibinyabiziga wagombaga gusinya, ko mu buhamya bwatanzwe herekanywe ko Uwishema watanze icyangombwa Nzabandora yitwaza yari kuri grade ya 5 kandi umuyobozi w’ibinyabiziga ari kuri grade ya 7 bikaba bidasobanutse ukuntu umuntu wo kuri iyo grade yasimbura uwo kuri grade ya 7 kandi hari abo kuri grade ya 6, akaba ataragombaga guha Nzabandora icyangomwa cy’imodoka yanditse kuri Rucamukibatsi. [11] Me KABIBI akomeza avuga ko RRA idahakana ko imodoka atari iya Nzabandora cyangwa ko adakwiye kubona attestation de propriété, ko ibyo ivuga ari uko ibyo Uwishema yakoze akwiye kubibazwa ku giti cye, kuko atabikoraga mu rwego rw’inshingano yahawe n’umukoresha, ko mu bitabo bya RRA bigaragara ko imodoka yanditswe kuri RUCAMUKIBATSI, ibijyanye nuko imwanditseho bikaba bitayibazwa kuko ibyangombwa itanga ari ibimuha uburenganzira bwo gukora, ariko bidatanga uburenganzira bwo kwandikwaho imodoka ku buryo byatuma Nzabandora ahabwa ibyangombwa byemeza ko ari we nyirayo. Uko Urukiko rubibona. [12] Nzabandora Alexandre icyo asabira indishyi ni ukuba yarahawe ibyangombwa n’umukozi wa RRA nyuma ikaza kuvuga ko ari ibihimbano bigatuma aregwa icyaha cyo gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano akanafungwa akagira ibyo atakaza.

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[13] Urukiko rurasanga, kuba Nzabandora yarahawe ibyangombwa (attestation de propriété) n’umukozi utabishinzwe nk’uko RRA ibiburanisha atari byo byayikuraho uburyozwe iramutse ibufite, kuko amategeko ateganya ko hashobora kuba ku mukoresha uburyozwe bw’amakosa y’umukozi we ku buryo uwangirijwe yabiherwa indishyi n’umukoresha, ariko kandi kuba ibyangombwa Nzabandora yahawe n’umukozi Uwishema ariwe ubwe wari waje kubyaka, akabihabwa nk’uko yabisabaga (bivuga ko imodoka ari iye) yifashishije uwo mukozi, bituma atahindukira ngo aryoze RRA kuba yarabibonyemo amakosa ikayavuga, ngo hirengagizwe ko ariwe wari wafashe iya mbere mu kuza kubyaka biteye bityo kandi mu nyungu ze, bityo indishyi abisabira zikaba nta shingiro zifite. [14] Urukiko rurasanga nanone, mu gihe Nzabandora atagaragaza ko mu kwitabaza inzego zishinzwe iperereza RRA yaba yarabikoze igamije kumwangiriza (mauvaise foi), ntaho rwahera rwemeza ko ifungwa rye yarimuhera indishyi kuko atariyo ishinzwe gufunga, akaba atanagaragaza ko ubwayo yasabye ko afungwa, kuba atagaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aregera nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 3 y Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza nitangwa ryabyo, iyi ngingo nayo ikaba nta shingiro ifite. 2. Ku byerekeye indishyi RRA isaba mu bujurire bwuririye ku bundi. [15] Me KABIBI Spéciose mu bujurire bwuririye ku bwa Nzabandora asaba ko RRA yahabwa indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza kuko umucamanza wo mu Rukiko Rukuru ntazo yatanze nyamara RRA yarazisabye, akaba yarirengagije ko Nzabandora ariwe wayishoye mu manza z’amaherere azi neza ko ibyangombwa yabibonye mu buriganya. Avuga ko RRA ikwiye guhabwa 5.000.000 frw akubiyemo indishyi zo guhozwa mu manza, izijyanye no kwangiza izina ryayo, n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza. [16] Uburanira Nzabandora avuga ko urubanza rwatewe na RRA yo yahindukiye ikita impapuro yitangiye ko ari impimbano, ko rero idakwiye no kongera guhabwa indishyi. Uko Urukiko rubibona. [17] Urukiko rurasanga RRA idakwiye guhabwa indishyi ku mpamvu zo gushorwa no guhozwa mu manza ku maherere, mu gihe itagaragaza ko uwayireze yabigize nkana agamije kuyononera; ariko ku byerekeye amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza, ikaba yayagenerwa kuko byumvikana ko hari ibyo yagombye gutanga ikurikiranye uru rubanza, ikaba yagenerwa, mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko 500.000 Frw kuko ayo isaba ari ikirenga, indishyi zo kuba yarangirijwe izina ikaba itazihabwa kuko iterekana uburyo ryaba ryarangijwe no kuba NZABANDORA yarayireze. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO. [18] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nzabandora Alexandre nta shingiro bufite; [19] Rwemeje ubujurire bwa RRA bwuririye ku bundi bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; [20] Rwemeje ko urubanza RAD 0139/10/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuwa 26/07/2011 rudahindutse, uretse ku byerekeye indishyi; [21] Rutegetse NZABANDORA Alexandre gutanga 47.900 frw y’amagarama y’urubanza.