UBUSHINJACYAHA v NZAMUHABWANIKI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v NZAMUHABWANIKI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-12-30 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00461/2025/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v NZAMUHABWANIKI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00461/2025/CA (Gakwaya, P.J.) 30 Ukuboza 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igihano – Mu gihe ujurira yahawe igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), ku cyaha gihanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu, nta mpamvu yo gusuzuma ishingiro ry’impamvu nyoroshacyaha azamura kuko ku bushake bw’Umushingamategeko, n’ubwo hakwemezwa impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, icyaha giteganyirijwe igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu, ntigishobora kugabanywa ngo kijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi itanu (15). Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwakurikiranye Nzamuhabwaniki mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare bumurega icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi nyuma yuko afashwe afite udupfunyika mirongo itanu na tubiri (52) tw’urumogi yari asigaranye ku dupfunyika ijana (100) twose yari afite mbere y’uko arugurishaho. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa no kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). Nzamuhabwaniki yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano no gukurirwaho ihazabu kubera ko yakoze icyaha abitewe n’ubukene, n’uko umugabo yari yaramutaye. Urwo rukiko ariko narwo rwaciye urubanza rusanga hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zikwiye gutuma agabanyirizwa igihano, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw), ko ariko ibyo gukurirwaho ihazabu atabihabwa kubera ko nacyo ari igihano giteganywa n’Itegeko. Nzamuhabwaniki nanone yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko anenga Urukiko Rukuru kuba yararusabye kumugabanyiriza igihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha agisabira imbabazi kuva mu ntangiriro nyamara ntabihabwe, ko yasabye gusubikirwa igihano nabyo ntiyabihabwa, ndetse asaba gusubikirwa ihazabu kuko ntaho yakura amafaranga yaciwe. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Nzamuhabwaniki nta shingiro bukwiye guhabwa kuko uko yagabanyirijwe igihano bihuza n’umurongo wafashwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu gihe ujurira yahawe igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), ku cyaha gihanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu, nta mpamvu yo gusuzuma ishingiro ry’impamvu nyoroshacyaha azamura kuko ku bushake bw’Umushingamategeko, n’ubwo hakwemezwa impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, icyaha giteganyirijwe igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu, ntigishobora kugabanywa ngo kijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi itanu (15). Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Nsabimana alias Sankara n’Abandi, RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 4/4/2022.

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Ubushinjacyaha vs Mukaturatsinze, RPAA 00447/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/11/2024. Ubushinjacyaha vs Uwamariya &Nzayisenga, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024. Ubushinjacyaha vs Nshimiyimana, RPAA 00305/2024/CA n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 31/1/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 8/10/2021, Nzamuhabwaniki Pascasie yafashwe afite udupfunyika mirongo itanu na tubiri (52) tw’urumogi yari asigaranye ku dupfunyika ijana (100) twose yari afite mbere y’uko arugurishaho. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Nzamuhabwaniki Pascasie mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko cyamuhama agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). [3] Nzamuhabwaniki Pascasie yaburanye yemera icyaha avuga ko gucuruza urumogi yabitewe n’ubukene. [4] Mu rubanza no RP 0135/2021/TGI/NYG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare ku wa 15/12/2021, rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Nzamuhabwaniki Pascasie, ku buhamya bwa Iyamuremye Audace no kuri raporo y’Ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’Ibanze, rwemeje ko ahamwa no kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). [5] Nzamuhabwaniki Pascasie yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano no gukurirwaho ihazabu kubera ko yakoze icyaha abitewe n’ubukene, n’uko umugabo yari yaramutaye. [6] Mu rubanza no RPA 00101/2022/HC/RWG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 14/4/2025, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, nk’uko yahinduwe n’iya 21 (a) y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023, rwemeje ko kuba ari ubwa mbere Nzamuhabwaniki Pascasie akoze icyaha , no kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje, ari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zikwiye gutuma agabanyirizwa igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw), ko ariko ibyo gukurirwaho ihazabu atabihabwa kubera ko nacyo ari igihano giteganywa n’Itegeko.

1 Iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, naho ihazabu ikaba ishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ y’ihazabu ntoya iteganywa n’itegeko”

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[7] Ku wa 2/5/2025, Nzamuhabwaniki Pascasie yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko anenga Urukiko Rukuru kuba yararusabye kumugabanyiriza igihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha agisabira imbabazi kuva mu ntangiriro nyamara ntabihabwe, ko yasabye gusubikirwa igihano nabyo ntiyabihabwa, ndetse asaba gusubikirwa ihazabu kuko ntaho yakura amafaranga yaciwe kubera ko ari umukene nabyo ntiyabihabwa, ko rero asaba uru Rukiko gukosora ayo makosa yose, akabanyirizwa igihano, ndetse agasubukirwa ihazabu yose yahanishijwe. [8] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Nzamuhabwaniki Pascasie nta shingiro bukwiye guhabwa kuko uko yagabanyirijwe igihano bihuza n’umurongo wafashwe mu manza2 zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire uvuga ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu, gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ntijye munsi ya ¼ y’ihazabu nto iteganyijwe. [9] Urubanza rwahawe no RPAA 00461/2025/CA, ruburanishwa ku wa 16/12/2025, Nzamuhabwaniki Pascasie yunganiwe na Me Byiringiro KALISA, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bunyoye Grâce, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [10] Harebwe imyanzuro n’imiburanire y’ababuranyi, ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza kikaba ari ukumenya niba Nzamuhabwaniki Pascasie akwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, akanasubikirwa ihazabu yahanishijwe. II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO Kumenya niba Nzamuhabwaniki Pascasie akwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano akanasubikirwa ihazabu yahanishijwe [11] Nzamuhabwaniki Pascasie avuga ko yaje imbere y’uru Rukiko arusaba kongera kumugabanyiriza igihano kuko igihe cy’imyaka ine (4) amaze afunzwe yamaze kugororoka, kandi ko yasize abana mu rugo bonyine, ko kandi asaba gusubikirwa ihazabu yose yahanishijwe kuko ari umukene. Me Byiringiro Kalisa, umwunganira, yongeyeho ko ashingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 nk’uko ryahinduwe n’Itegeko no 59/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, mu ngingo yaryo ya 2 (a), rwamugabanyiriza igihano ku buryo buhagije, agahabwa igihano kiri munsi y’igito giteganywa n’Itegeko cy’igifungo cy’imyaka itatu (3) n’amezi atandatu n’ihazabu ya 1.000.000 Frw, kuko icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje, kandi ko umurongo wafashwe n’uru Rukiko utavanaho ubwisanzure n’ubushishozi bw’Umucamanza bwo kugabanyiriza uregwa igihano kubera ko igihano kiremereye ataricyo kimugirira akamaro. [12] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Nzamuhabwaniki Pascasie nta shingiro bukwiye guhabwa kuko uko yagabanyirijwe igihano bihuza n’umurongo wafashwe mu manza3 zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, uvuga ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu, gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi

2 Urubanza no. RPAA 00885/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 16/5/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimiyimana Eric (igika cya 18) 3 Urubanza n° RPAA 00885/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 16/5/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimiyimana Eric (igika cya 18)

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y’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ntijye munsi ya ¼ y’ihazabu nto iteganyijwe, bugasaba uru Rukiko kwemeza ko urubanza Nzamuhabwaniki Pascasie yajuririye, rugumanye agaciro karwo. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Impaka ziri mu rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Nzamuhabwaniki Pascasie yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito itegeko riteganyiriza icyaha yahamijwe no kumenya niba yasubukirwa ihazabu yahanishijwe. [14] Nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza nº RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 4/4/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte bakunze kwita Sankara na bagenzi be4 , iyo uregwa nta kindi anenga urubanza yajuririye, uretse kuvuga gusa ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo (……), cyakora mu bujurire Umucamanza akaba agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga igihano. [15] Nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza n° RPAA 00447/2022/CA5 no mu rubanza n° RPAA 00345-00382/2023/CA6, mu gihe uregwa ujurira yahawe igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), nta mpamvu yo gusuzuma ishingiro ry’impamvu nyoroshacyaha azamura kuko harebwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 60, agace ka (a), y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, ku bushake bw’Umushingamategeko, n’ubwo hakwemezwa impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, icyaha giteganyirijwe igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu, kidashobora kugabanywa ngo kijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi itanu (15). [16] Nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza n° RPAA 00305/2024/CA7, Urukiko, rusobanura impamvu y’isubikagihano, rushobora gutegeka ihagarika ry’irangizarubanza ku gihano cyose cyangwa igice cyacyo, haba igihano cy’iremezo (igifungo, ihazabu n’imirimo y’inyungu rusange) cyangwa igihano cy’ingereka, iyo rwakatiye ukurikiranyweho icyaha igihano cy’igifungo kitarenze imyaka itanu (5). [17] Nk’uko bigaragara mu gace ka munani (8) n’aka cyenda (9) tw’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko yahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko n° 059/2023, rwemeje ko kuba Nzamuhabwaniki Pascasie yaraburanye yemera icyaha bitaba impamvu ishingirwaho agabanyirizwa igihano, ko ahubwo kuba nta kindi cyaha kizwi yigeze akurikiranwaho no kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka cyateje aribyo bikwiye gushingirwaho

4 Reba urubanza nº RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 4/4/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte na bagenzi be, mu gika cya 252 na 254. 5 Reba agace ka mirongo itatu na rimwe (31) k’urwo rubanza rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Mukaturatsinze Françoise, rwaciwe ku wa 29/11/2024. 6 Reba agace ka mirongo itatu n’umunani (38) k’urwo rubanza rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Uwamariya Angélique na Nzayisenga THéogène, rwaciwe ku wa 20/12/2024. 7 Reba agace ka cumi na gatandatu (16) k’urwo rubanza rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimiyimana Evariste rwaciwe ku wa 31/1/2025.

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agabanyirizwa igihano, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw); ko ariko gukurirwaho ihazabu asaba atabihabwa kubera ko nacyo ari igihano giteganywa n’itegeko. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga imiburanire ya Nzamuhabwaniki Pascasie kuri uru rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri yo gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo yakatiwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza, irebewe hamwe n’umurongo watanzwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, nta gaciro ikwiye guhabwa kuko mu gihe igihano cy’igifungo yahawe, ni ukuvuga igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), aricyo gito Itegeko riteganya, nta mpamvu yo gusuzuma niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza zashingirwahoakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo yahawe, kubera ko harebwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 60, agace ka (a), y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, ku bushake bw’Umushingamategeko byateganyijwe ko uwakoze icyaha gihanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenza miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw), igihe hemejwe impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, adashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo kiri munsi y’imyaka cumi itanu (15). [19] Ku bijyanye n’ibisabwa na Nzamuhabwaniki Pascasie byo gusubikirwa ihazabu yahanishijwe, nabyo birebewe hamwe n’umurongo wagaragajwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubusabe bwe nta gaciro bufite kuko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) yahawe kirenze imyaka itanu (5) yemewe n’amategeko kugira ngo Urukiko rushobore kumuha ibyo asaba. [20] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru byose, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nzamuhabwaniki Pascasie nta shingiro bufite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nzamuhabwaniki Pascasie nta shingiro bufite; [22] Rwemeje ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza n° RPA 00101/2022/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ku wa 14/4/2025; [23] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) yahanishijwe kigumyeho; [24] Rutegetse ko amagarama y'urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.