NZAMUKOSHA vs MUGISHA

# NZAMUKOSHA vs MUGISHA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2021-07-16 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC00014/2019/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NZAMUKOSHA vs MUGISHA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/RC00014/2019/CA (Mukandamage P.J; Kamere na Ngagi) 16 Nyakanga 2021] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza – imanza z’akarengane – Urubanza rudashobora kurangizwa rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane nyamara Urukiko ntirugarukira gusa mu gusuzuma imbogamizi zituma urubanza rutarangizwa, ahubwo mu gihe ikibazo cy’imiterere n’imicire y’urubanza ubwarwo bituma rutarangizwa, Urukiko rugomba kongera gusuzuma bundi bushya mu mizi urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane Incamake y’Ikibazo: Urubanza rwatangiye Nzamukosha arega Mugisha mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, asaba Urukiko kumuteka gusubiza ubutaka bwe yatwaye amurengereye no gusubizaho inyubako yasenye muri uko kumurengera. kandi akamuha n’indishyi. Mugisha yireguye avuga ko atigeze arengera Nzamukosha kuko atigeze arenga ikibanza cye. Urukiko rwemeje rushingiye ku bimenyetso biri muri dosiye rwemeje ko Mugisha yarengereye Nzamukosha rumutegeka kubugarura nta mananiza, no guha Nzamukosha indishyi kubera inyubako ze yasenye. Mugisha yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru anenga imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye, avuga ko rwamutegetse gusubiza ubutaka atatwaye kandi ategekwa gutanga indishyi nyamara nta gikorwa cye cyangirije Nzamukosha, avuga kandi ko rwirengagije ibimenyetso yatanze ndetse anasaba ko Umujyi wa Kigali wamuhaye ikibanza ugobokeshwa mu rubanza. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse, rwasanze kandi nta mpamvu ihari yatuma Umujyi wa Kigali ugobokeshwa mu rubanza. Nzamukosha Annonciata yatanze ikirego gisaba gusobanura urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuko ubutaka Urukiko rwategetse Mugisha kumusubiza bwari bwubatseho urukuta, ariko Urukiko rwanzuye ko nta kidasobanutse muri urwo rubanza, bityo ko ikirego cye nta shingirogifite. Nzamukosha yandikiye Urwego rw’Umuvunyi asaba ko urubanza RCA417/13/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane kuko rudashobora kurangizwa. Urwego rw’Umuvunyi rwandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, rumusaba kwemeza ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeje ko urwo urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ko rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. maze arwohereza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo ruruburanishe. Nzamukosha avuga ko impamvu yatumye basaba gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane ari uko nyuma y ‘uko urubanza ruciwe byananiranye kururangiza. Mugisha avuga ko afite ibyangombwa by’ubutaka yubatseho, ko kandi yabihawe n’Ubuyobozi bubifitiye ububasha mu mwaka wa 1999 mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Asobanura ko hari raporo zigaragaza ko Mugisha nta hantu na hamwe yarengereye Nzamukosha. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasanze rutagomba kugarukira gusa ku gusuzuma ikibazo cy’imbogamizi zavutse mu irangizwa ry’urubanza ku buryo byaba bitemewe kugaruka ku mizi yarwo n’imicire

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yarwo. Rurusumye mu mizi rusanga nta karengane karugaragramo kuko Mugisha atarengereye Nzamukosha. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Urubanza rudashobora kurangizwa rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane nyamara Urukiko ntirugarukira gusa mu gusuzuma imbogamizi zituma urubanza rutarangizwa, ahubwo mu gihe ikibazo cy’imiterere n’imicire y’urubanza ubwarwo bituma rurangizwa, Urukiko rugomba kongera gusuzuma bundi bushya mu mizi urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. 2.Urega niwe ugomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Kuba urega adatanga ibimenyetso simusiga bigaragaza ko uwarega yarengereye akigabiza ikibanza cye. Ntaho Urukiko rwahera rutegeka uregwa gusenya inyubako ziri kuri ubwo butaka. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z'akarengane nta shingiro gifite; Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko Ingingo ya 55, 63 Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 12, 111 Imanza yifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RP 00001/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 23/12/2020 haburana MAGARA Gahakwa John n’undi, Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: Gérard Cornu, Vocabulaire juridique, 7e édition, Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1987, P.319. Urubanza IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Nzamukosha Annonciata yareze Mugisha Hakim mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, avuga ko yatwaye ku ngufu igipande cy’ubutaka bw’aho atuye kingana na 4,5 m kuri 23 m (104 m2), amusaba gusubizaho inyubako yasenye muri uko kumurengera zifite agaciro ka 5.327.000Frw, kandi akamuha n’indishyi. Mu bimenyetso yashyikirije Urukiko harimo amaraporo y’ubuyobozi bw’inzego zitandukanye zakurikiranye ikibazo. Mugisha Hakim we akaba yarireguye avuga ko atigeze arengera Nzamukosha Annonciata, kuko atigeze arenga ikibanza cye (parcelle ye).

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[2] Mu rubanza RC0910/12/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 21/06/2013, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwasanze inyandiko z’abayobozi batandukanye zakozwe zigaragaza ko Mugisha Hakim yatwaye ubutaka bwa Nzamukosha Annonciata bungana na 4,5 m ku ruhande rw’inyuma na 2,5 m ku ruhande rw’imbere n’ubwo we abihakana, kuko atabasha gutanga ibimenyetso bivuguruza izo raporo, rumutegeka kubugarura nta mananiza, no guha Nzamukosha Annonciata indishyi zingana na 5.327.000Frw kubera inyubako ze yasenye, 1.000.000Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro na 3.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. [3] Mugisha Hakim yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru anenga imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, avuga ko rwamutegetse gusubiza ubutaka atatwaye kandi ategekwa gutanga indishyi nyamara nta gikorwa cye cyangirije Nzamukosha Annonciata, ndetse rukaba ntacyo rwavuze ku ngingo zose z’imyiregurire ye, kuko rwirengagije ibimenyetso yatanze, anasaba ko Umujyi wa Kigali wamuhaye ikibanza ugobokeshwa mu rubanza. [4] Mu rubanza RCA417/13/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 28/05/2014, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze nta mpamvu ihari yatuma Umujyi wa Kigali ugobokeshwa mu rubanza, kuko wagejejweho iki kibazo ugafata icyemezo cy’uko Mugisha Hakim atubahirije imbago z’ikibanza yahawe, anasabwa gukuraho ibyo yashyize aho yarengereye. [5] Ku birebana no kumenya niba hari ibimenyetso byirengagijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge bigaragaza ko Mugisha Hakim atarengereye Nzamukosha Annonciata, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ibyo bimenyetso bigizwe na fiche cadastrale, contrat de location, na autorisation de bâtir, bikaba bigaragaza ko ikibanza afite yagihawe ndetse yemererwa kucyubaka, ikibazo gihari akaba ari ukumenya niba yararengereye Nzamukosha Annonciata. Kuri iki kibazo, Urukiko rwasanze ibimenyetso Mugisha Hakim atanga bitavuguruza ibyashingiweho ku rwego rwa mbere, maze rwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse, rutegeka Mugisha Hakim guha Nzamukosha Annonciata 200.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. [6] Nzamukosha Annonciata yatanze ikirego gisaba gusobanura igika cya 10 cy’urubanza RC0910/12/TGI/NYGE, aho Urukiko rwemeje ko Mugisha Hakim agomba gusubiza ubutaka bungana na 4,5 m ku ruhande rw’inyuma na 2,5 m ku ruhande rw’imbere by’ubutaka yamutwaye, asaba ko Urukiko ruvuga ko kuri izo metero hariho igikuta Mugisha Hakim yubatseho kigomba kuvaho kugira ngo asubirane ubutaka bwe. [7] Mu rubanza RCA0200/15/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 27/05/2015, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ikirego cya Nzamukosha Annonciata nta shingiro gifite, kuko icyemezo rwafashe gisobanutse, naho ibyo asaba by’uko Mugisha Hakim yakuraho igikuta yubatse akabona guhabwa ubutaka bwe, byaba ari ukongera mu cyemezo cy’Urukiko ibijyanye n’uburyo urubanza rwarangizwa, nyamara binyuranyije n’amategeko arebana no gusobanura urubanza. [8] Ku wa 29/12/2015, Nzamukosha Annonciata yiyambaje Urwego rw’Umuvunyi asaba ko urubanza RCA417/13/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 28/05/2014 rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ashingiye ku kuba yararurangirishije bikananirana kubera ko uburyo rwaciwe butuma rutarangizwa, rukaba rwarategetse ko asubizwa ubutaka bwe yarengerewe ariko ntirugene amerekezo y’inyubako za Mugisha Hakim zibuteretseho.

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[9] Ku wa 15/09/2016, Umuhesha w’Inkiko w’Urwego rw’Umuvunyi yagiye kurangiza urubanza RCA417/13/HC/KIG, asanga 4,5 m zo ku ruhande rw’inyuma zigwa mu nzu imbere kwa Mugisha Hakim, inzu ikaba yubatse kuri 3,5 m, indi metero iriho urukuta rwubatswe na Mugisha Hakim rumutandukanya na Nzamukosha Annonciata, munsi yarwo hari pavement y’amakaro. Yasanze ku rundi ruhande, aho Mugisha Hakim agomba gutanga 2,5 m, nazo zigera iwe kandi zubatseho urugo (clôture), hasi hubatse amakaro n’amapave. Uwo Muhesha w’inkiko yasanze uru rubanza rutarangizwa, kuko ubutaka bugomba guhabwa Nzamukosha Annonciata buriho inyubako zigomba gukurwaho ariko bikaba bitaragaragajwe n’Urukiko, asoza avuga ko kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, hagomba gukurikizwa ingingo ya 81,3° y’Itegeko Ngenga N° 03/2012 ryo ku wa 13/06/2012 rigena imiterere,imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga1 . [10] Ku wa 22/01/2019, Urwego rw’Umuvunyi rwandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, rumusaba kwemeza ko urubanza RCA417/13/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 28/05/2014 rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. [11] Ku wa 14/06/2019, mu cyemezo N°123/CJ/2019, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeje ko urubanza RCA417/13/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 28/05/2014 rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze arwohereza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo azabe ari rwo ruruburanisha, ikirego cyandikwa kuri RS/INJUST/RC 00014/2019/CA. [12] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 13/10/2020, Nzamukosha Annonciata yunganiwe na Me Twizeyimana Théophile afatanyije na Me Habimana Adolphe, naho Mugisha Hakim yunganiwe na Me Ndahayo Karisiti. Nzamukosha Annonciata n’abamwunganira basobanuye impamvu z’akarengane bashingiraho basaba ko urubanza RCA0200/15/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 27/05/2015 rusubirishwamo, Mugisha Hakim nawe yiregura kuri izo mpamvu, iburanisha rirapfundikirwa. [13] Mu gihe rwari mu mwiherero ngo ruce urubanza rwasanze hagomba gukorwa iperereza aho ikiburanwa kiri mu Mudugudu wa Mumena, Akagari ka Mumena, Umurenge wa Nyamirambo, Akarere ka Nyarugenge, Umujyi wa Kigali, hari ababuranyi bombi, Dusabeyezu Cesar wari umutekinisiye w’ibiro by’ubutaka mu Karere ka Nyarugenge, Seminega Silas wari ushinzwe umutekano mu Mudugudu wa Mumena, Munyaneza Jacques wari Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akagari ka Mumena, n’umukozi w’Akarere ka Nyarugenge ufite inshingano zo gutanga ibyangombwa by’ubutaka. [14] Ku wa 17/03/2021, Urukiko rwakoze iperereza aho ikiburanwa giherereye ; nyuma yaho, iburanisha mu ruhame risubukurwa ku wa 14/06/2021, ababuranyi bahabwa umwanya wo kugira icyo bavuga ku byavuye muri iryo perereza, Nzamukosha Annonciata yunganiwe na Me Habimana Adolphe afatanyije na Me Twizeyimana Théophile, naho Mugisha Hakim ahagarariwe na Me Ndahayo Karisiti. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N‘ISESENGURA RYABYO 1 Mu ngingo ya 81 y’iryoTegeko Ngenga N°03/2012 ryo ku wa 13/06/2012, hateganyijwe impamvu zituma habaho gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa nyuma. Agace ka 3, kavuga iyo urubanza rudashobora kurangizwa ukurikije imikirize yarwo. Yahindutse ingingo ya 55, igika cya mbere, agace ka 3º y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko.

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Kumenya niba MUGISHA Hakim yategekwa gukuraho inyubako yubatse ku butaka Urukiko Rukuru rwategetse ko busubizwa NZAMUKOSHA Annonciata [15] Nzamukosha Annonciata n’abamwunganira bavuga ko impamvu yatumye basaba gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane ari uko nyuma y‘uko urubanza ruciwe byananiranye kururangiza. Bavuga ko muri urwo rubanza Nzamukosha Annonciata yari yatsindiye ubutaka bwariho inyubako za Mugisha Hakim2 ariko ko Urukiko rutategetse niba ayo mazu agomba gukurwa ku butaka bwe, basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Mugisha Hakim gukuraho inyubako yashyize ku butaka bwe. [16] Basobanura ko Mugisha Hakim yasenye urukuta, ubwogero (douche) n’ubwiherero (toilette) bya Nzamukosha Annonciata, ahubaka urukuta, douche na toilette bye, akaba rero ari byo basaba ko byasenywa, Nzamukosha Annonciata akahubaka annexes ze, ngo kuko Mugisha Hakim yabyubatse mu buryarya. Bakomeza bavuga ko inzego z’Ubuyobozi3 zagiye zibuza Mugisha Hakim kubaka mu kibanza cya Nzamukosha Annonciata ariko arabyanga. Bakomeza bavuga ko ku wa 26/02/2002, Mugisha Hakim yanditse ibaruwa avuga ko yemeye gusubira inyuma y’igikuta ko kandi asabye imbabazi, ko ariko nyuma yaho yakomeje kubaka asibanganya imva (icyobo) bari barashyinguyemo umuntu wabo. [17] Bavuga ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 42 y’Itegeko Nº 27/2021 ryo ku wa 10/06/2021 rigenga ubutaka4 basanga Mugisha Hakim agomba gusenya ibikorwa yubatse mu kibanza cya Nzamukosha Annonciata, maze urubanza rugashobora kurangizwa. Bavuga kandi ko bashingiye ku rubanza rubanziriza urundi mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RP 00001/2020/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 23/12/2020 haburana Magara Gahakwa John n’undi, abahamagajwe mu rubanza, n’Ubushinjacyaha, umuntu utarasabye ko urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane nk’uko biteganywa n‘ingingo za 55-58 z’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigenga ububasha bw’inkiko adashobora kugendera ku karengane kasabwe n’undi ngo agire icyo asaba urukiko. [18] Me Ndahayo Karisiti, uhagarariye Mugisha Hakim, yiregura avuga ko yemera ko urubanza RCA417/13/HC/KIG rurimo akarengane, ariko ku ruhande rwa Mugisha Hakim, kuko afite ibyangombwa by’ubutaka yubatseho, ko kandi yabihawe n’Ubuyobozi bubifitiye ububasha mu mwaka wa 1999 ( fiche cadastrale n’icyemezo cyo kubaka) mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Asobanura ko raporo yo ku wa 13/09/2012 igaragaza ko Mugisha Hakim nta hantu na hamwe yarengereye Nzamukosha Annonciata, kandi ko yakozwe hari abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze kugeza ku rwego rw’Umujyi wa Kigali, n’aba techniciens baturutse ku rwego rw’Akarere ; icyakora ko Nzamukosha yanze kuyisinyaho kandi ahari. Avuga ko ku bireba Nzamukosha Annonciata, nta karengane yatewe n’urubanza RCA417/13/HC/KIG, kuko nta nyubako za Mugisha Hakim ziri ku 2 NZAMUKOSHA Annonciata asobanura ko MUGISHA Hakim yatwaye 2,5 m ku marembo umanuka na 4,5 m hirya nabwo umanuka. 3 Muri izo nzego ngo harimo umukozi wo mu nzego z’ibanze witwa Nganimana Paul, Umujyi wa Kigali, Ubuyobozi bwa Cellule, AVEGA, ARDO na Komisiyo yoherejwe na Perezidansi 4 Iyi ngingo igira iti: “Mu gihe umuntu ashyize inyubako, ibihingwa n’ibindi bikorwa ku butaka bw’undi muntu hadakurikijwe ibisabwa n’amategeko cyangwa amasezerano, nyir’ubutaka afite uburenganzira bwo gusaba uwashyize inyubako cyangwa ibihingwa kuri ubwo butaka kubikuraho bitabujije no gusaba indishyi hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga”.

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butaka bwe. Asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gukoresha ubushishozi buhagije kugira ngo rutazakora amakosa nk’ayakozwe ku rwego rwa mbere. [19] Avuga ko ibyo ababuranira Nzamukosha Annonciata bavuga ko hagomba kubahirizwa ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 42 y’Itegeko Nº 27/2021 ryo ku wa 10/06/2021 rigenga ubutaka, Mugisha Hakim agakuraho inyubako yubatse ku butaka butari ubwe, bitareba uwo ahagarariye, kuko aho yubatse atarengereye, ahubwo yahahawe mu buryo bukurije amategeko. Naho ku byerekeranye n’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 23/12/2020 avuga ko nta cyabuza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuba rwafata icyemezo gitandukanye n’icyafashwe muri uru rubanza. [20] Mugisha Hakim, abajijwe kuvuga ukuri kwe ku bijyanye n‘ubutaka aburana na Nzamukosha Annonciata, mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 13/10/2020, yavuze ko atemera inyandiko bavuga ko yasinye yemera gusubiza ubutaka yarengereye anasaba imbabazi, ko kandi yifuza ko Urukiko rwazagera aho ikiburanwa kiri, rukirebera ukuri kw’ibyo bintu. [21] Mu iburanisha mu ruhame ryo ku wa 14/06/2021, Mugisha Hakim yabwiye umuhagaraririye kumenyesha Urukiko ko, n’ubwo atemera ko hari ubutaka bwa Nzamukosha Annonciata yatwaye, kugira ngo ikibazo bafitanye kirangire, hakorwa igenagaciro (expertise) ry‘aho Nzamukosha Annonciata avuga ko yamurengereye, maze akamwishyura agaciro kaho. Ariko ibyo uwo baburana yarabyanze, avuga ko Mugisha Hakim agomba gusenya inyubako yashyize ku butaka bwe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [22] Ingingo ya 55 y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya impamvu zituma n’ubwo urubanza ruba rwaraciwe ku rwego rwa nyuma rushobora gusubirwamo kubera akarengane karugaragayemo, harimo n’iyo kuba urubanza rudashobora kurangizwa hakurikijwe uko rwaciwe. Naho ku bijyanye n’imiburanire ya bene ibyo birego, ingingo ya 63 y’iryo Tegeko ikaba iteganya ibikurikira : “Iyo Urukiko rw’Ikirenga cyangwa urundi rukiko Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga agena rushyikirijwe urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, rurusuzuma mu mizi bundi bushya abarubayemo ababuranyi bose bahamagajwe”. [23] Mu gusobanura uburengere icyo ari cyo, Umuhanga mu mategeko Pierre CORNU avuga ko kurengera ubutaka bw’undi muntu ari igikorwa cyo kwigabiza agace k’umutungo utimukanwa muhuje imbibi. Atanga urugero nko kubaka ku butaka akarenga umurongo ukugabanya n’ubutaka bw’umuturanyi5. [24] Ku byerekeye ibimenyetso, ingingo ya 12 y‘Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko urega ari we ugomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. [25] Muri uru rubanza, Urukiko rwashyikirijwe ikirego cya Nzamukosha Annonciata asaba ko urubanza RCA417/13/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 28/05/2014, rwasubirwamo ku 5 Empiétement : fait d’occuper, sans droit, une partie d’un immeuble contigu. Ex. Construction réalisée sur un fonds en mordant sur la ligne divisoire le séparant du fonds du voisin (Gérard Cornu, Vocabulaire juridique, 7e édition, Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1987, P.319).

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mpamvu z’akarengane, kuko rudashobora kurangizwa bitewe n’imicire yarwo. Mu gusuzuma iki kibazo, Urukiko rukaba rusanga rutagomba kugarukira ku kugifata gusa nk’impaka ku mbogamizi z’irangizwa ry’urubanza rwamaze gucibwa ku buryo byaba bitemewe kugaruka ku mizi yarwo n’imicire yarwo nk’uko byifuzwa na Nzamukosha Annociata n‘abamwunganira, ko ahubwo mu gihe iki ari ikibazo cy’imiterere y’imicire y’urubanza ubwarwo kuko rudashobora kurangizwa, Urukiko rugomba kongera gusuzuma bundi bushya mu mizi urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, bityo rukaba rusanga rugomba kongera gusuzuma niba Mugisha Hakim yararengereye ubutaka bw’umuturanyi we Nzamukosha Annonciata mbere yo gusuzuma niba yategekwa gukuraho inyubako yaba yarubatse kuri ubwo butaka. [26] Imikirize y’urubanza RCA417/13/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 28/05/2014 rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, igaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ibimenyetso Mugisha Hakim atanga bitavuguruza ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeza ko yarengereye Nzamukosha Annonciata, birimo raporo zitandukanye z’inzego z’ibanze zakurikiranye ikibazo zikananirwa kugifatira umwanzuro. Muri izo nyandiko rwibutsa raporo y’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Nyamirambo, Bwana Nganimana, yerekana ko Mugisha Hakim arimo gusiza yasatiriye urugo rw’imiyenzi rwa Nzamukosha Annonciata, ibaruwa y’Umuyobozi w’Umujyi wa Kigali yo ku wa 25/04/2001 imenyesha Mugisha Hakim ko atubahirije imbago z’ikibanza cye arengera 2,5 m azamura agana mu kibanza cya Nzamukosha Annonciata akanamusaba gusenya ibyo yubatsemo ; Raporo y’inama yo ku wa 16/06/2006 yo guhuza Mugisha Hakim na Nzamukosha Annonciata yayobowe n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Nyamirambo yagaragaje ko Mugisha Hakim yarengereye Nzamukosha aranabyemera ikibazo kiba kubumvikanisha kubera ko Mugisha Hakim yemeraga kwishyura ibyangiritse no kwishyura agaciro k’ubutaka yarengereye bungana na 2,5 m naho Nzamukosha Annonciata akifuza ko yasubizwa ubutaka bwe. [27] Ku byerekeranye no kuba mbere Nzamukosha Annonciata yararegeraga 2,5 m, mu Rukiko Rukuru akaregera 4,5 m, Urukiko rwasanze ibipimo by’ubutaka bwa Nzamukusha Annonciata bwatwawe bugaragazwa na raporo yo ku wa 13/09/2012, Mugisha Hakim yitangiye igaragaza ingano y’ubutaka Nzamukosha Annonciata asigaranye ku ruhande rw’imbere no ku ruhande rw’inyuma kandi hatagaragazwa ahandi ubwavuyeho bwaba bwaragiye. [28] Ku birebana n’ibimenyetso bigaragazwa muri uru rubanza, ku ruhande rwa Nzamukosha Annonciata, dosiye igaragaza inyandiko yiswe Registre d’Information de l’Occupation Foncière Urbaine yo ku wa 29/03/1993 igaragaza ko uwitwa Segikwiye Paul (umugabo wa Nzamukosha Annonciata) ari nyiri ubutaka bufite ubuso bwa 400 m2 buherereye muri Segiteri ya Nyamirambo. Iyo yandiko ikaba yarateguwe na enqueteur witwa Pelagie, ikabaho n’umukono wa technicien. Dosiye igaragaramo ibaruwa yo ku wa 20/11/2000, Nzamukosha Annonciata yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura y’Umujyi wa Kigali amusaba kurenganurwa, kuko Mugisha Hakim yarimbuye urupangu rwe. Dosiye igaragaramo na none ibaruwa Umuyobozi w’Umujyi wa Kigali yandikiye Mugisha Hakim ku wa 25/04/2001 amubwira ko byamaze kugaragara ko atubahirije bornes ze (imbago z’ikibanza yahawe) akaba yararengeje 2,5 m agana kwa Madame Nzamukosha Annonciata atabifitiye uruhushya, bitanagaragara no kuri fiche cadastrale, naho ibyo yarengejeho ku ruhande rw’inyuma akaba asabwe ku byikuriraho akubahiriza metero z’ikibanza cye kuri fiche afite bitarenze iminsi itanu. Dosiye igaragaza ko nyuma yaho, ku wa 26/01/2002, Mugisha Hakim yanditse yemera

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kubahiriza ibyo yasabwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali, asubiza inyuma imirimo yo kubaka igikuta, igikoni, aho bogera n’ubwiherero mu gihe cya vuba, kandi asaba imbabazi kubitaranejeje Nzamukosha Annonciata byamuturutseho. Dosiye igaragaraza ko ku wa 20/06/2012, Nzamukosha Annonciata yongeye kwandikira Umuyobozi w’Umujyi wa Kigali amusaba kurenganurwa, yibutsa ko Mugisha Hakim yamusenyeye igikoni, ubwiherero n’ubwogero, ko kandi uwasenye abyiyemerera, ko yifuza ko Ubuyobozi bwarangiza icyo kibazo akubaka urukuta rukomeye rumutandukanya n’umuturanyi we. [29] Dosiye igaragaramo kandi inyandiko yiswe : “Raporo y’ikibazo cy‘imbibi hagati ya Mugisha Hakim na Nzamukosha Annonciata yo ku wa 13/09/2012“. Muri iyo nyandiko bigaragara ko ariyo inkiko zabanje zashingiyeho zemeza ko habaye uburengere bwa 2,5 m ku ruhande rw’imbere ku marembo y’ikibanza cya Mugisha Hakim na 4,5 m ku ruhande rw‘ inyuma, nk’uko handitse ibikurikira :“...nyuma yo kwerekana fiche cadastale za bombi no gupima ibi bibanza byabo byombi, byagaragaye ko Nzamukosha Annonciata ikibanza cye cyitujuje ibipimo ugereranyije n’ibiri kuri fiche cadastrale, kubera ko kuri fiche cadastrale yo muri 1993 igaragaza ubuso bwa metero kare 400 (400 m2) nyamara hapimwe uruhande ( uburebure bw’uruhande rw’imbere bungana na metero cumi na zirindwi n’igice (17,5 m) uburebure bw’uruhande rw’inyuma bukaba ari metero cumi n’eshanu n’igice (15,5 m), mu gihe Nzamukosha Annonciata avuga ko hagakwiye kuba hari metero 20 kuri 20, naho Mugisha Hakim bigaragara ko Fiche cadastrale ari yo 1999 aho atwereka ko yahawe ingero zirahura n‘iziri kuri Fiche cadastrale n‘ubwo bornes z‘uruhande rumwe zitagaragara“. [30] Ku ruhande rw’ibimenyetso bya Mugisha Hakim, dosiye igaragaza ko ku wa 13/06/1998 yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura y’Umujyi wa Kigali asaba ikibanza cyo kubakamo, ku wa 22/04/1999 Perefe yamushubije ko ahawe ikibanza gifite N° 3069 giherereye i Nyamirambo. Dosiye igaragaramo uruhushya rwo kubaka ikibanza gifite N° 3069 rwo ku wa 12/08/1999, muri urwo ruhushya hakabamo n‘ingingo ibuza Mugisha Hakim kuba yakwigabiza ubutaka bw’undi muntu. Dosiye igaragaramo na none fiche cadastrale yo ku wa 23/02/1999 igaragaza ko ubuso bw’ubutaka bungana na 3 ares 74 Ca 39 %. Iyo fiche igaragaza ko ahari amarembo, uhereye hepfo ureba ikigo cya Saint André hari metero 12, 50 m, uruhande rwo haruguru ugana mu gikari hari 26,60 m, kuva haruguru ugana hepfo 15, 50 m, kuva inyuma ugana ku marembo ku ruhande rwo hepfo 27, 50 m. [31] Dosiye igaragaramo kandi amasezerano y’ubukode burabye ku butaka bubaruye kuri UPI: 1/01/08/03/222 bwanditswe kuri Mugisha Hakim na Umurerwa Aisha, agaragaza ko ubuso bw’ubutaka ari 415 sqm na Extract Cadastral Plan 222 C igaragaza uko ikibanza cyahawe Mugisha Hakim giteye. Harimo kandi ibaruwa y‘Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Nyarugenge aho yabwiraga Nzamukosha Annonciata ko ashobora kwitabaza inkiko, ko ariko asabwe kutazongera gutera amabuye mu rugo rwa Mugisha Hakim, ko kandi agomba kureka Bwana Mugisha Hakim agasana urugo rwe rwaguye. Mu bindi bimenyetso Mugisha Hakim ashingiraho agaragaza ko atarengereye harimo raporo yo ku wa 13/09/2012 igaragaza ko fiche cadastrale Mugisha Hakim yerekanye igaragaza ko aho yahawe ingero zihura n’iziri kuri iyo fiche. [32] Mu iperereza Urukiko rwakoreye aho ikiburanwa giherereye ku wa 17/03/2021, ku ruhande rwa Mugisha Hakim, Urukiko rwifashinshije Bwana Bakundufite Théoneste, ushinzwe gupima ubutaka mu Karere ka Nyarugenge, rwasanze ku ruhande rw’imbere, kuva kuri borne (urugabano rwe na Nzamukosha Annonciata) kugera aho agabaniye na Suleyimani hari 12,90 m, ubutambike ku

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rugabano rwa Mugisha na Nzamukosha 26,60 m, kuva ku mabati ukarenga aho inzu ya Mugisha yubatse kugera ku rugabano rwo hepfo hari 13,60 m. Ku ruhande rwa Nzamukosha Annonciata, uruhande rwo haruguru, ubutambike hari metero 24,45 m, ubuhagarike ugana imbere ku irembo hari 17, 35 m, ubuhagarike hirya mu gikari hakaba 15,10 m. [33] Urukiko rurasanga kugira ngo hagaragare ko koko Mugisha Hakim yarengereye akubaka mu kibanza cya Nzamukosha Annonciata hagomba gusuzumwa ibipimo bigaragara ku byangombwa impande zombi zagaragarije Urukiko bikagereranywa n’ibipimo byafashwe mu iperereza ryakozwe n’Urukiko aho ikiburanwa giherereye. Muri urwo rwego, Urukiko rurasanga ku ruhande rwa Mugisha Hakim, imbere ku marembo hari ikinyuranyo cya 40 cm zirenga, ubutambike ibipimo birangana, uruhande rw’inyuma werekeza hepfo, bigaragara ko ibipimo bigaragara kuri fiche cadastrale ari 15,50 m, ibyagaragaye mu iperereza bikaba 13,60 m, bivuze ko ibipimo byo ku ruhande Mugisha Hakim habura 1,90 m. [34] Urukiko rurasanga nta kigaragaza ko Mugisha Hakim yarengereye ubutaka bwa Nzamukosha Annociata kuko igereranya ry’ibipimo byanditse kuri fiche cadastrale n’ibipimo byagaragajwe mu iperereza ryakozwe n’uru Rukiko ryerekana ko ahavugwa ko Mugisha Hakim yarengereye 2,50 m ari 0,40 m gusa zirenga, naho ahavugwa ko yarengereye 4,50 m ahubwo ubutaka bwe bugaragazwa n’icyangombwa nawe bukaba buburaho 1,90 m. [35] Urukiko rurasanga mu gihe bimaze kugaragara ko Mugisha Hakim atarengeje ibipimo biri ku byangombwa yahawe n’Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Kigali, ntaho rwahera rwemeza ko yaba yararengereye akigabiza ubutaka bwa Nzamukosha Annonciata. [36] Urukiko rurasanga kandi raporo yo ku wa 13/09/2012 yashingiweho n’inkiko zabanje hemezwa ko Mugisha Hakim yarengereye akigabiza ikibanza cya Nzamukosha Annonciata, nubwo abayikoze bavuga ko bashingiye kuri fiche cadastrale ya Nzamukosha Annonciata, nyamara iyo fiche cadastrale ikwiye kuba yerekana imbibi enye z’ubutaka bwa Nzamukosha n’indeshyo ya buri rubibi ikaba ntaho igaragara muri dosiye, iyo raporo nta na hamwe yanzura ko Mugisha Hakim yaba yararengereye, ahubwo ivuga gusa ko uruhande rumwe rw’ikibanza cya Nzamukosha Annonciata rufite 17,5 m urundi rukagira 15,5 m. [37] Urukiko rurasanga inyandiko yiswe Registre d’Information de l’Occupation Foncière Urbaine, ari nacyo cyangombwa cyonyine Nzamukosha Annonciata yeretse Urukiko, igaragaza gusa ko ikibanza gifite ubuso bwa 400 m2, ariko ntaho igaragaza ko uburebure n’ubutambike bw’ikibanza ari 20 m kuri 20 m nk’uko abiburanisha, ku buryo hahita hemezwa ko ku ruhande rw’imbere ikibanza cya Nzamukosha kibura 2,5 m, uruhande rw’inyuma kikabura 4,5 m, bikaba bitumvikana ukuntu inkiko zabanje zemeje ubu burebure bubura ku mpande z’ubutaka bwa Nzamukosha Annonciata mu gihe uburebure bwose bwa buri ruhande rw’ubwo butaka bwe butigeze bubasha gutangirwa ibimenyetso no kumenyekana. [38] Urukiko rurasanga rero ntaho rwahera rwemeza ibyemejwe n’inkiko zabanje ko metero zibura kuri buri ruhande rw’ikibanza cya Nzamukosha Annonciata kugira ngo 20 m zuzure zabazwa Mugisha Hakim, mu gihe nta bipimo agaragaza byerekana ko uburebure bwa buri ruhande rw’icyo kibanza ari 20 m ndetse ngo anagaragaze ko koko Mugisha Hakim yaba yararengeje ibipimo biri kuri fiche cadastrale yahawe. Rurasanga kandi niyo haba hari metero zibura ku ruhande rw’ikibanza

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cya Nzamukosha Annonciata nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabyemeje, bidasobanuye ko byanze bikunze zaba zaratwawe na Mugisha Hakim, kuko haba ibipimo bigaragara ku byangombwa by’ubutaka bwe, ibyavuye mu iperereza ryakozwe n’uru Rukiko, ndetse na raporo yo ku wa 13/09/2012 nta na hamwe hagaragara ko Mugisha Hakim yarengeje imbibi z’ikibanza yahawe n’urwego rwa Leta rubifitiye ububasha. [39] Urukiko rurasanga mu gihe igenzura ry’inyandiko ziri muri dosiye rigaragaza ko nta gihamya ko Mugisha Hakim yaba yararengereye ikibanza cya Nzamukosha Annonciata, ibyo Nzamukosha Annonciata avuga ko Mugisha Hakim yagiye yandikirwa n’inzego z’Ubuyobozi ariko ntabyiteho, ko yiyemereye gusubiza inyuma igikuta yari yaratangiye no kubaka igikoni, ubwogero n’ubwiherero (ahakana ko atigeze abyemera), no kuba mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 14/06/2021 yarivugiye ko kugira ngo habe amahoro yemera gutanga ikiguzi cy’aho Nzamukosha Annonciata avuga ko yamutwaye, nubwo uyu yabyanze avuga ko icyo yifuza ari uko Mugisha Hakim yasenya ibyubatse ku butaka yamutwaye, ibi bitagaragaza ko yarengereye nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru. [40] Naho ibivugwa n’ababuranira Nzamukosha Annonciata ko umuntu utarasabye ko urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane nk’uko biteganywa n‘ingingo za 55-58 z’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru adashobora kugendera ku karengane kasabwe n’undi ngo agire icyo asaba urukiko, ndetse ko ari nako byemejwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RP 00001/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 23/12/2020 haburana Magara Gahakwa John n’undi, Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko ingingo za 55-58 z’iri Tegeko atari byo ziteganya kandi n’imikirize y‘urubanza RS/INJUST/RP 00001/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 23/12/2020 n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ikaba itahuzwa n’ibireba Mugisha Hakim kuko muri urwo rubanza abangiwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuririra ku karengane kasabwe n’undi bakagira icyo basaba bari bahamagajwe gusa kugira ngo bumvwe mu gihe urukiko hari icyo rukeneye kubabaza6 . Mu igika cya 38 cy’urwo rubanza Urukiko rwasanze icyemezo cyafatiwe abatarasabye ko urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane bakuririra ku busabe bw’abandi gishobora guhinduka gusa iyo Urukiko rusanze hari ubusobekerane ku byerekeranye n’imikorere y’icyaha bahuriyeho n’abasabye gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ku buryo icyemezo cyafatiwe abareze cyabagiraho ingaruka mu buryo bubafitiye inyungu. [41] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga nta bimenyetso bigaragaza ko Mugisha Hakim yarengereye akigabiza ikibanza cya Nzamukosha Annonciata. Rurasanga ibyo Nzamukosha Annonciata asaba ko inyubako Mugisha Hakim yashyize ku butaka bwe yasenywa nta shingiro bifite, kuko nta nyubako Mugisha Hakim yigeze ashyira ku butaka bwa Nzamukosha Annonciata, bityo urubanza RCA417/13/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 28/05/2014, n’Urukiko Rukuru rukaba ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose, Mugisha Hakim akagumana umutungo we uri mu kibanza yahawe n’Umujyi wa Kigali. Kumenya ishingiro ry’indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza [42] Mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 13/10/2020 Me Twizeyimana Theophile wunganira Nzamukosha Annonciata yasabye Urukiko ko rwategeka Mugisha Hakim kwishyura Nzamukosha Annonciata 6 Igika cya 37 cy’urwo rubanza kigira kiti : Muri urwo rwego, ntibashinjwa mu rubanza kandi nta n’icyo bashobora ʺ kurusabamo, bafata ijambo gusa babisabwe n’Urukiko cyangwa bo basabye kugira icyo basobanura ku birebana n’imikorere y‘icyaha’’.

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5.000.000Frw y’indishyi kuko urubanza rumaze imyaka makumyabiri (20). Asaba ko yakwishyura n’indishyi za 1.192.860Frw ziyongera ku zo yategetswe zirenga 6.000.000Frw zibariwe kuri 18% guhera mu mwaka wa 2016. [43] Me Ndahayo Karisiti avuga ko indishyi Nzamukosha Annonciata asaba nta shingiro zahabwa, ko ahubwo n’izo yagenewe zakurwaho, kuko ntaho zishingiye. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [44] Ku byerekeranye n’indishyi zagenewe Nzamukosha Annonciata mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge zikongera kwemezwa n’Urukiko Rukuru mu bujurire, n’izo asaba kuri uru rwego, Urukiko rurasanga ntazo akwiye guhabwa kuko yazigenewe hashingiwe ku kuba izo nkiko zaremeje ko Mugisha Hakim yarengereye akubaka mu kibanza cya Nzamukosha Annonciata. Kuba rero nk’uko byagarajwe haruguru, nta kigaragaza ko habayeho kurengera, indishyi Mugisha Hakim yaciwe n’inkiko zabanje zivanweho, ndetse n’izisabwa kuri uru rwego nta shingiro zifite. Kumenya ishingiro ry’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri uru rubanza [45] Me Twizeyimana Theophile asaba ko Nzamukosha Annonciata yagenerwa 2.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. [46] Me Ndahayo Karisiti avuga amafaranga asabwa na Nzamukosha Annonciata nta shingiro yahabwa, avuga ko ahubwo uwo yunganira nawe asaba 2.500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. Uruhande rwa Nzamukosha Annonciata rusanga iki gihembo Mugisha Hakim asaba atagihabwa kuko ntaho cyaba gishingiye. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [47] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezmubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe“. [48] Ku birebana n’amafaranga y‘‘igihembo cya Avoka Nzamukosha Annonciata asaba, Urukiko rurasanga atayahabwa, kuko nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, nta kigaragaza ko Mugisha Hakim azisaba yarengereye akubaka ku butaka bwe. [49] Urukiko rusanga ahubwo hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru, Nzamukosha Annonciata ari we ukwiye kwishyura Mugisha Hakim amafaranga y’ibyatanzwe ku rubanza. Rurasanga ariko 2.500.000Frw asaba ari menshi, kandi akaba nta bimenyetso yagaragaje ko ari yo koko yakoresheje, bityo mu bushishozi bwarwo rukaba rumugeneye 1.000.000Frw akubiyemo igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ku nzego zose yaburanye.

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ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [50] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane urubanza RCA00049/2018/HC/KIG rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 28/05/2014 cyatanzwe na Nzamukosha Annonciata nta shingiro gifite; [51] Rwemeje ko urubanza RCA417/13/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 28/05/2014, n’Urukiko Rukuru ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose; [52] Rwemeje ko nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko Mugisha Hakim yarengereye ikibanza cya Nzamukosha Annonciata; [53] Rutegetse ko Mugisha Hakim agumana umutungo uri ku butaka bwe nk’uko bugaragara ku byangombwa yahawe n’Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Kigali; [54] Rutegetse Nzamukosha Annonciata kwishyura Mugisha Hakim 1.000.000Frw akubiyemo igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ; [55] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.