NZAYIKORERA N’ABANDI v SANLAM AG PL c

# NZAYIKORERA N’ABANDI v SANLAM AG PL c

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-17 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00008/2024/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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NZAYIKORERA N’ABANDI v SANLAM AG PLc [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA - RS/INJUST/RC 00008/2024/SC (Hitiyaremye, P.J., Kazungu, Kalihangabo, J.) 17 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Impanuka – Impanuka y’akazi – Impanuka y’akazi ni ikintu cyangwa ibintu bigwirira umuntu mu gihe kizwi kubera akazi cyangwa mu gihe cy’akazi, bikamuviramo ibyago ku mubiri hatitawe ku gihe ibyo byago byagaragariye Amategeko agenga imanza z’umurimo – Guteganyiriza umukozi - Umukozi wese, n’iyo yaba uw’igihe gito agomba guteganyirizwa mu bwiteganyirize bw’abakozi. Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Impanuka z’akazi – Itegeko rikoreshwa ku mpanuka z’akazi - Ibirebana n’impanuka z’akazi bigengwa n’amategeko agenga ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi. Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Ubwishingizi – Abakozi bo mu mirimo y’ubwubatsi - Abakozi bo mu mirimo y’ubwubatsi n’iyindi isa nka yo bagomba gufatirwa ubwishingizi bwihariye mu rwego rwo kubarinda. Amategeko agenga imanza z’umurimo – Impanuka y’akazi – Ishingiro ry’indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka y’akazi - Ibigenerwa uwakoze impanuka y’akazi ntibishingira ku ihame ry’uburyozwe ahubwo hakurikizwa ibigenga ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi bifasha uwahohotewe kubona ubuvuzi n’izindi ndishyi. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yakozwe n’imodoka ya sosiyete y’abashinwa CRBC Ltd yari yikoreye umucanga itwawe na Bagirubwira iza kubura feri igonga umukingo iragwa biviramo Nshimiyumukiza gupfa ndetse n’abandi bakozi batanu bose bakoreraga iyo sosiyete barakomereka. Abavandimwe ba Nshimiyumukiza ndetse n’umugore we witwa Nzayikorera bandikiye ubuyobozi bwa SANLAM AG PLc (Sanlam), basaba ko yakwishyura indishyi zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka, bashingiye ku kuba ikinyabiziga Nyakwigendera yarimo cyari cyarishingiwe n’iyo sosiyete. Sanlam yabasabujie ko indishyi basaba batazihabwa kuko yishyuye amafaranga yasabwaga hashingiwe ku masezerano arengera abakozi igihe bagiriye ibyago mu kazi ya collective accident SORAS AG Ltd yari yaragiranye na CHINA ROAD AND BRIDGE CORPORATION Ltd (CRBC Ltd). Kumvikana binananiranye, abaregera indishyi batanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge basaba ko Sanlam yabishyura indishyi mbangamirabukungu n’izindi hanagobokeshwa CRBC Ltd. Urwo rukiko rwasanze nta zindi ndishyi bakwiye guhabwa kuko bazihawe hashingiwe ku masezerano arengera abakozi igihe bagiriye ibyago mu kazi yavuzwe hejuru. Abarega bajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru bavuga ko urukiko rwabanje rutari bushingire ku masezerano nyakwigendera atagizemo uruhare. Urukiko rwanzuye ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite rwemeza ko nta gihindutse. Nzayikorera na bagenzi be bisunze inzira z’akarengane maze urwo rubanza ruhabwa Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwongera kuruburanisha hasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya ubwishingizi bukwiye gushingirwaho hatangwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yabaye ku wa 21/09/2014 igahitana Nshimyumukiza Isacar.

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Abarega basobanura ko batagombaga guhabwa indishyi hashingiwe ku masezerano arengera abakozi igihe bagiriye ibyago mu kazi ya collective accident ko ahubwo hari gushingirwa ku Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bityo ko guhatirwa guhabwa indishyi zingana na 1,000,000 Frw zishingiye ku masezerano umukoresha yafatiye abakozi be kandi nta ruhare umukozi yabigizemo, mu gihe hari ubundi bwingizi bwagombaga gutuma babona indishyi zikwiye zihabwa umuntu wese ugize impanuka itewe n’ikinyabiziga kigendera ku butaka nkuko ziteganywa n’ Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga. Bakomeza bavuga ko mu gihe Urukiko rwasanga nta bwishingizi bwakoreshwa mu kwishyura izo ndishyi, zakwishyurwa na CRBC Ltd habanje gukurwamo ikinyuranyo cy’indishyi zatanzwe na Sanlam. Sanlam ivuga ko indishyi zigomba kwishyurwa zose zishyuwe hashingiwe ku masezerano Sanlam yari ifitanye na CRBC Ltd arengera abakozi ku byago bagira mu kazi. Ikomeza isobanura ko mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi bw’uburyozwe, abakozi batishyurwa mu gihe bakoze impanuka bari mu kazi kabo. CRBC Ltd ivugako ntacyo yaryozwa kuko nta ruhare yagize mu mpanuka yabaye ko ahubwo amakosa ari aya nyakwigendera wemeye kugenda hejuru y’umucanga mu modoka azi ko byamukururira ibyago. Ishimangira ko amategeko akwiye gukurikizwa hafatwa icyemezo muri uru rubanza ari ajyanye n’ubwishingizi bw’abakozi bakoreye impanuka mu kazi yabaye hagati ya CRBC Ltd na SANLAM AG Plc kuko yakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Urukiko rwasanze ubwishingizi bwagombaga gukurikizwa ari ubwo CRBC Ltd yari gufatira umukozi mu bwiteganyirize bw’abakozi ndetse n’ubwiswe “workmen compensation insurance” Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Ibirebana n’impanuka y’akazi bigengwa n’amategeko agenga ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi; 2. Abakozi bo mu mirimo y’ubwubatsi n’iyindi isa nka yo bagomba gufatirwa ubwishingizi bwihariye mu rwego rwo kubarinda; 3. Ibigenerwa uwakoze impanuka y’akazi ntibishingira ku ihame ry’uburyozwe ahubwo hakurikizwa ibigenga ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi bifasha uwahohotewe kubona ubuvuzi n’izindi ndishyi. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane nta shingiro gifite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Teka No 32/75 ryo ku wa 07 Kanama 1975 ryerekeye ubwishingire butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n’ibigenzwa ku butaka bifie moteri, ingingo ya 4; Itegeko No 06/2003 ryo ku wa 22/03/2003 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko-Teka ryo ku wa 22/08/1994 rigena ubwiteganyirize bw'abakozi, ingingo ya 13; Itegeko N°10/2012 ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rigena imitunganyirize y’imijyi n’imyubakire mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 41. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RC00007/2022/SC, Hategekimana Bonaventure na HYTON Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukikorw’Ikirenga ku wa 14/04/2023.

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Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: Arnaud Buisson Fizellier, La réparation intégrale du préjudice: rappel du principe et applications pratiques. Lettre d’information décembre 2006. www.bfpl-law.com/publications/la- reparation-integrale-du-prejudice- rappel-du-principe-et-applications-pratiques-lettre- dinformation-decembre-2006. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yabaye ku wa 21/09/2014, 11h30’, ubwo imodoka Camion Mitsubishi Dumper ifite Plaque IT 610 RC yari itwawe na Bagirubwira Joseph, yapakiye umucanga, maze igeze mu Mudugudu wa Magarama, Akagari ka Ngoma, Umurenge wa Gishyita, Akarere ka Karongi, Intara y’Iburengerazuba, ibura feri, igonga umugunguzi, biviramo Nshimyumukiza Isacar w’imyaka 29 gupfa, ndetse abandi bantu batanu (5) bari kumwe barakomereka1. [2] Nzayikorera Jeanne, Uwimpundu Marie, Mukashema Mamelithe, Ndengeyingoma Bosco, Tuyishimire Béatrice, Nyirangirimana Béathe, Nyiragasigwa Agnès na Bihoyiki Vestine, (muri uru rubanza bitwa Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be)2 bandikiye ubuyobozi bwa SORAS AG Ltd, ubu yabaye SANLAM AG PLc, basaba iyo sosiyete ko yakwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yahitanye Nshimyumukiza Isacar, bashingiye ku kuba ikinyabiziga Nyakwigendera yarimo cyari cyarishingiwe n’iyo sosiyete. [3] Uhagarariye SANLAM AG PLc yaburanye avuga ko indishyi Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be basaba batazihabwa kuko sosiyete aburanira yishyuye amafaranga yasabwaga hashingiwe ku masezerano arengera abakozi igihe bagiriye ibyago mu kazi ya collective accident SORAS AG Ltd yari yaragiranye na CHINA ROAD AND BRIDGE CORPORATION Ltd (muri uru rubanza yitwa CRBC Ltd). [4] Nyuma y’aho ubwumvikane bunaniranye, Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be, batanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge barusaba ko rwategeka SORAS AG Ltd kwishyura indishyi mbangamirabukungu, indishyi mpozamarira, amafaranga yakoreshejwe nyuma y’urupfu rwa Nyakwigendera, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ndetse n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka. [5] Muri urwo rubanza kandi hagobokeshejwemo sosiyete ya CRBC Ltd nk’uwari umukoresha wa Nyakwigendera kugira ngo nayo igire ibyo iryozwa.

1 Abandi bakomerekeye muri iyo mpanuka ni SHINGIRO Emmanuel wari ufite imyaka 28, TWIZEYIMANA Ignace wari ufite imyaka 30, NSENGIMANA Thomas wari ufite imyaka 27, NTEZIMANA Alphonse wari ufite imyaka 31 na MPAYIMANA Jean Claude wari utite imyaka 30. 2 MUKASHEMA Mamerithe ni umubyeyi wa Nyakwigendera, Nzayikorera Jeanne ni umugore wa Nyakwigendera, UWIMPUNDU Marie ni umwana wa Nyakwigendera, naho Ndengeyingoma Bosco, TUYISHIMIRE Beatrice, NYIRANGIRIMANA Beathe, NYIRAGASIGWA Agnes na BIHOYIKI Vestine bakaba abavandimwe ba Nyakwigendera.

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[6] Mu rubanza No RC 00840/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 17/12/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwanzuye ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be nta shingiro gifite, rutegeka Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be gufatanya kwishyura SORAS AG Ltd ndetse na CRBC Ltd 500,000 Frw buri wese y’igihembo cya Avoka. [7] Mu gufata icyo cyemezo, urwo Rukiko rwavuze ko nta zindi ndishyi Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be bakwiye guhabwa kuko yazihawe ku wa 26/11/2015, hashingiwe ku masezerano CRBC Ltd yari yaragiranye na SORAS AG Ltd yavugaga ko mu gihe umukozi wayo yagiriye impanuka mu kazi, SORAS AG Ltd izajya itanga indishyi zingana na 1,000,000 Frw, kandi yasinyiye ubwe ko nta kindi azakurikirana. [8] Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be bajuririye Urukiko Rukuru bavuga ko Urukiko rwabanje rutari gushingira ku masezerano yabaye hagati ya CRBC Ltd na SORAS AG Ltd kandi mu by’ukuri ntaho Nshimyumukiza Isacar yari ahuriye na yo, kuko mu kuyasinya nta bwumvikane yigeze agirana n’umukoresha we. Bavuze kandi ko buri kinyabiziga cyose kigendera ku butaka bw’u Rwanda gitegetswe gufata ubwishingizi buhatiwe kugira ngo nigiteza impanuka abo izagiraho ingaruka bazabashe guhabwa indishyi. [9] Mu rubanza No RCA 00017/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 25/11/2022, Urukiko Rukuru rwanzuye ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rudahidutse. [10] Mu gufata icyo cyemezo, Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku masezerano CRBC Ltd yari yaragiranye na SORAS AG Ltd hagati aho yaje guhinduka SANLAM AG Plc, ayo masezerano akaba yararebanaga n’ubwishingizi bw’abakozi bayo ku byago bahurira nabyo mu kazi, ruvuga ko n’ubwo nta ruhare Nshimyukiza Isacar yayagizemo, yagiriye akamaro abe ubwo Nzayikorera Jeanne yahabwaga 1,000,000 Frw y’indishyi yateganywaga muri ayo masezerano. [11] Urwo Rukiko rwavuze kandi ko n'ubwo urupfu rwa Nshyimyukiza Isacar rwatewe n’impanuka y’ikinyabiziga cy’umukoresha we, bidakuraho ko icyabaye ari impanuka yo mu kazi, kuko iyo mpanuka iba, Nyakwigendera yari mu kazi yari ashinzwe; bityo Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be bakaba bataragombaga kugenerwa indishyi hashingiwe ku Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, kuko n’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi bw’ibinyabiziga CRBC Ltd yari yarafatiye ibinyabiziga byayo atishingiraga abakozi bayo bagengwa n’amasezerano y’umurimo; [12] Ku wa 03/01/2023 Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be, bandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire basaba ko urubanza Nº RCA 00017/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 25/11/2022, rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire amaze gusuzuma ubwo busabe, yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga asaba ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo, maze mu cyemezo No 077/CJ/2024 cyo ku wa 22/05/2024, yemeza ko rwoherezwa mu Bwanditsi bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kugira ngo ruzongere ruburanishwe. [13] Iburanisha mu ruhame ryabaye ku wa 12/11/2024, Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be bahagarariwe na Me Nsabayezu Evariste, SANLAM AG Plc ihagarariwe na Me Rusanganwa Jean

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Bosco, naho CRBC Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Niyitegeka Eraste, maze ababuranyi bajya impaka ku bibazo bikurikira: 1. Kumenya ubwishingizi bukwiye gushingirwaho hatangwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yabaye ku wa 21/09/2014; 2. Kumenya niba indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yahitanye Nshimyumukiza Isacar zisabwa na Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be zifite ishingiro; 3. Kumenya ishingiro ry’indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO II.1. Kumenya ubwishingizi bukwiye gushingirwaho hatangwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yabaye ku wa 21/09/2014 igahitana Nshimyumukiza Isacar [14] Me Nsabayezu Evariste uburanira Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be, avuga ko mu bisobanuro byatanzwe n’Uhagarariye CRBC Ltd, yavuze ko yari yarafashe ubwishingizi bw’ubwoko bubiri (2); ubwa mbere ni ubwiswe “workmen compensation insurance”3 CRBC Ltd yagiranye na SANLAM AG Plc, aho impande zombi zumvikanye ko hazatangwa 1,000,000 Frw mu gihe umukozi aramutse agize impanuka mu kazi, yamuviramo urupfu (Capital in case of death) cyangwa ubumuga buhoraho (Capital in case of disability), hakanatangwa 100,000 Frw yo kwivuza (Medical Fees); ubwa kabiri bukaba ari ubwishingizi buhatiwe (Assurance obligatoire) ku kinyabiziga Mitsubishi IT 610 RC nabwo bwafashwe muri SANLAM AG Plc4 icyo gihe ikiri SORAS AG Ltd. [15] Avuga kandi ko kuba CRBC Ltd ubwayo nayo yiyemerera ko Nshimyumukiza Isacar yaje gupfa biturutse ku mpanuka y’ikinyabiziga cyakoreshwaga n’iyo sosiyete, icyo kinyabiziga kikaba cyari gifite ubwishingizi muri SANLAM AG Plc, asanga Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be bataragombaga kwishyurwa indishyi hashingiwe ku masezerano yiswe Workmen Compensation insurance5, ahubwo bagasanga baragombaga guhabwa indishyi hashingiwe ku Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga. [16] Akomeza avuga ko Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be batagombaga guhatirwa guhabwa indishyi zingana na 1,000,000 Frw zishingiye ku masezerano umukoresha yafatiye abakozi be kandi nta ruhare umukozi yabigizemo, mu gihe hari ubundi bwishingizi bwagombaga guha umuryango wa Nyakwigendera indishyi zikwiye zihabwa umuntu wese ugize impanuka itewe n’ikinyabiziga kigendera ku butaka bw’u Rwanda nk’uko ziteganywa n’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga.

3 Bwafashwe ku wa 23/01/2014, bufite agaciro kuva ku wa 23/01/2014 kugeza ku wa 22/01/2015, bufatirwa abakozi 300 ba CRBC Ltd. 4 Bwafashwe ku wa 16/01/2014 ku modoka zitandukanye za CRBC Ltd harimo n’iyakoze impanuka, bufite agaciro kuva ku wa 21/01/2014 kugeza ku wa 20/01/2015. 5 Muri dosiye hagaragaramo ko ku wa 19/11/2015, Nzayikorera Jeanne yakiriye sheki ya 1.000.000 Frw ifite sort code 26-212.

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[17] Agaragaza ko mu gihe Urukiko rwasanga nta bwishingizi bwakoreshwa mu kwishyura indishyi Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be basaba, izo ndishyi zakwishyurwa na CRBC Ltd habanje gukurwamo ikinyuranyo cy’indishyi zatanzwe na SANLAM AG Plc. Asobanura ko nyuma y’aho mu iburanisha mu rwego rwa mbere bagaragarijwe ko hari amasezerano y’ubwishingizi CRBC Ltd yari yaragiranye na SORAS AG Ltd, ari bwo bahise basaba ko icyo kinyuranyo cyakwishyurwa na CRBC Ltd bashingiye ku manza zaciwe n’Inkiko Nkuru ku kibazo gisa nk’icyo. [18] Akomeza avuga ko kuba SANLAM AG Plc na CRBC Ltd bavuga ko mu kugenera indishyi Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be hashingirwa ku masezerano izo sosiyete zombi zari zaragiranye, asanga bitahabwa agaciro kuko anyuranyije n’ibiteganywa n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda by’uko abantu bose bareshya imbere y’amategeko, bityo ko bitumvikana ukuntu umuryango wasigaye wagenerwa indishyi hashingiwe ku masezerano utagizemo uruhare, mu gihe nyamara abandi bantu bakoze impanuka yo mu muhanda bagenerwa indishyi hashingiwe ku Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ryavuzwe haruguru. [19] Avuga ko kuba uhagarariye CRBC Ltd avuga ko mu gukemura ikibazo Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be bari bafite hari gukoreshwa amategeko arebana n’ubwishingizi bw’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi bitahabwa ishingiro kuko atari cyo cyaregewe, ahubwo ko haregewe indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka, zigomba gutangwa hashingiwe ku Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga. [20] Asoza kuri iyi ngingo avuga ko kuba CRBC Ltd yarishyuye amafaranga y’intica n’ikize angana na 1,000,000 Frw ikayaha umugore wa Nyakwigendera gusa nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandiko yishyuriweho, hakaba nta n’ikigaragaza ko yari ahagarariye abandi basabye indishyi muri uru rubanza; asanga CRBC Ltd yarakoze ikosa ryo gukora amasezerano idashingiye ku itegeko. Avuga kandi ko nta ruhare na ruto Nyakwigendera yigeze agira mu mpanuka yabaye nk’uko CRBC Ltd ibivuga. [21] Me Rusanganwa Jean Bosco uhagarariye SANLAM AG Plc yireguye avuga ko indishyi zisabwa na Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be nta shingiro zahabwa kuko izisabwa zose zishyuwe hashingiwe ku masezerano SANLAM AG Plc yari ifitanye n’ikigo Nyakwigendera yakoreraga, kandi Nzayikorera Jeanne wazakiriye nawe yasinyiye ko nta kindi azakurikirana kuko ibikubiye mu masezerano byari byubahirijwe. Avuga kandi ko Urukiko rwashingiye kuri ayo masezerano no ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 646 y’Itegeko No 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano. [22] Avuga ko n’ubwo Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be bavuga ko mu kugena indishyi hashingirwa ku Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01/ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, birengagiza ko: i. Iteka rya Perezida atari ryo riteganya ibijyanye n’ubwishingizi butegetswe (Assurance obligatoire), ahubwo ko buteganywa n’Itegeko-Teka No 32/75 ryo ku wa

6 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko “Amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye. Ashobora guseswa ari uko babyumvikanyeho cyangwa ku mpamvu zemewe n'amategeko. Agomba kubahirizwa nta buriganya.”

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07/08/1975, riteganya ko hashobora kuvanwa mu bwishingizi abantu batewe ibyago n’akazi; ii. Mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’Itegeko-Teka ryavuzwe, police d’assurance automobile, iteganya ko mu bwishingizi bw’uburyozwe, abakozi batishyurwa mu gihe bakoze impanuka bari mu kazi kabo7. Ibi rero bikaba bisobanura ko abakozi bakoreye impanuka ku kazi igihe bari mu kinyabiziga cy’umukoresha wabo batarebwa n’ubwishingizi butegetswe; akaba ari nayo mpamvu CRBC Ltd yafatiye ubwishingizi bwihariye abakozi bayo (Assurance protection sociale) kuko ubwishingizi butegetswe butareba abakozi mu gihe imodoka yakoze impanuka ari iy’umukoresha kandi umukozi akaba yarakoreye impanuka mu kazi; iii. Ibimaze kuvugwa haruguru ni nabyo byagarutsweho kandi mu ngingo ya 148, 3° y’Itegeko No 0030/2021 ryo ku wa 30/6/2021 rigenga imitunganyirize y’umurimo w’ubwishingizi, aho iteganya ko “mu bwishingizi bw’uburyozwe, aba bakurikira ntibishyurwa: […] abakozi cyangwa abahagarariye umufatabwishingizi mu gihe bari mu kazi kabo.” Yibukije kandi ko iryo tegeko ryaje rikuraho Itegeko Teka No 20/75 ryo ku wa 20/6/1975 ryerekeye ubwishingizi; iv. Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be bemera ko Nyakwigendera yari umukozi wa CRBC Ltd, kandi ko 1,000,000 Frw y’indishyi yatanzwe ajyanye n’ubwishingizi umukoresha yari yarafatiye umukozi kuko ubwishingizi butegetswe butishingira umukozi wakoreye impanuka ku kazi mu gihe yatewe n’ikinyabiziga cy’umukoresha. [23] Avuga ko mu rubanza No RC 00840/2019/TGI/NYGE, Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be basabaga ko SANLAM AG Plc yategekwa kwishyura indishyi zose zisabwa mu gihe CRBC Ltd yo ntacyo yasabwaga, icyakora nyuma bahinduye imiburanire maze mu rubanza No RCA 00017/2024/HC/KIG basaba ko izo ndishyi zakwishyurwa na CRBC Ltd; bashingiye ku rubanza No RCA 00011/2016/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 12/05/2017, aho Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwategetse umukoresha kwishyura wenyine indishyi zijyanye n’impanuka. [24] Akomeza avuga ko indishyi zose SANLAM AG Plc isabwa kwishyura nta shingiro zahabwa kuko indishyi Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be basaba bazihawe, igihe hubahirizwaga amasezerano CRBC Ltd yagiranye na SANLAM AG Plc yishingira abakozi bayo bari mu kazi, agasanga rero kuba igihe Nyakwigendera yagiraga impanuka yamuviriyemo urupfu yari mu kazi kandi akaba yari no mu modoka y’akazi ubwabyo bikwiye gufatwa nk’impanuka y’akazi aho gufatwa nk’impanuka yakorewe undi muntu udafite aho ahuriye n’akazi ka CRBC Ltd. [25] Asoza kuri iyi ngingo avuga ko ikibazo cyatanzwe na Me Nsabayezu Evariste uburanira Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be asaba ko hasuzumwa niba amategeko yashingiweho hafatwa icyemezo mu rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane atanyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga nta shingiro cyahabwa kuko igisuzumwa muri uru rubanza ntaho gihuriye n’ibirego bisaba gukuraho ingingo z’Itegeko kuko zinyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga (unconstitutionality of a law / l’inconstitutionnalité d’une loi).

7 Reba mu ngingo rusange y’amasezerano ku bwishingizi bufatwa muri SORAS AG Ltd (Conditions Générales), Umutwe wa I, ingingo ya 7, 3° (Titre I, Article 7,3°).

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[26] Me Niyitegeka Eraste uhagarariye CRBC Ltd aburana avuga ko indishyi Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be baregera bamaze kuzihabwa hashingiwe ku masezerano y'ubwishingizi sosiyete aburanira yari yaragiranye na SANLAM AG Plc ubwo yafatiraga ubwishingizi abakozi bayo. Avuga kandi ko indi mpamvu itagomba kwirengagizwa ari uko impanuka yabaye na Nyakwigendera ubwe yayigizemo uruhare, ubwo yemeraga kugendera hejuru y'imodoka kandi yarabonaga itwaye imizigo kandi bibujijwe. [27] Avuga kandi ko Urukiko rudakwiye kwirengagiza uruhare rw’umushoferi mu mpanuka yabaye kuko ari we nyirabayazana w’impanuka yabaye, agasanga rero ari we wakabaye akurikiranwa ku ngaruka ibyo bikorwa byateje. [28] Akomeza avuga ko ibisabwa n’uhagarariye Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be by’uko CRBC Ltd ari yo igomba kuryozwa indishyi bitahabwa agaciro, kuko mu manza zabanje icyaregerwaga ari indishyi zishingiye ku bwishingizi bw’ikinyabiziga cyateje impanuka; agasanga rero iyo ngingo itasuzumwa bwa mbere ku rwego rw’akarengane. [29] Avuga ko icyemezo cyose uru Rukiko rwafata asanga ntacyo CRBC Ltd yaryozwa, kuko nta ruhare na rumwe iyo sosiyete yagize mu mpanuka yabaye. Avuga ko ku bw’ibanze, asanga indishyi zasabwe CRBC Ltd nta shingiro zahabwa, icyakora ko mu gihe Urukiko rwabibona ukundi, rwazita ku ruhare rutaziguye (participation directe) Nyakwigendera yagize muri iyo mpanuka ubwo yemeraga kugenda hejuru y’imodoka ipakiye imizigo. Yongeraho ko amategeko akwiye gukurikizwa hafatwa icyemezo muri uru rubanza ari ajyanye n’ubwishingizi bw’abakozi bakoreye impanuka mu kazi yabaye hagati ya CRBC Ltd na SANLAM AG Plc kuko yakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, cyane cyane ko iyo aza kuba atarubahirije amategeko Nzayikorera Jeanne atari kwemera kwishyurwa 1,000,000 Frw y’indishyi. [30] Asoza kuri iyi ngingo avuga ko impamvu Nzayikorera Jeanne ariwe wasinye ko yakiriye amafaranga wenyine, ari uko ari we muzungura uza mbere y’abandi. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [31] Ababuranyi muri uru rubanza bemeranya ko Nshimyumukiza Isacar yaguye mu mpanuka ari mu kazi, icyo batumvikanaho ari na cyo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza, ni uko Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be bavuga ko indishyi zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka zagombaga gutangwa hashingiwe ku Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, mu gihe SANLAM AG Plc na CRBC Ltd bo bavuga ko zagombaga gutangwa hashingiwe ku masezerano yiswe “workmen compensation insurance”. a. Ni ryari ubwishingizi butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n’ibigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri bukoreshwa? [32] Ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko Teka No 32/75 ryo ku wa 07 Kanama 1975 ryerekeye ubwishingire butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n’ibigenzwa ku butaka bifie moteri ari na ryo rikomokaho Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, iteganya ko “bashobora

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kuvanwa mu bwishingire (…) 3o abantu barindwa n’amategeko ari ukwayo mu byerekeye indishyi zitewe n’ibyago by’akazi, keretse iyo abo bantu bahisemo gukurikirana indishyi ku wishingiwe”. [33] Ingingo ya 7 y’Amasezerano rusange y’ubwishingizi butegetswe (Conditions Générales, Titre I. Assurance Obligatoire de Responsabilité Civile) ya SANLAM AG Plc ivuga ko: “ntibashobora guhabwa indishyi (…) 3o abakozi b’uwishingiwe mu gihe bari mu kazi cyangwa umushoferi wari utwaye ikinyabiziga cyateje impanuka”8. [34] Ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko Teka No 32/75 rimaze kuvugwa haruguru, igaragaza ko abagirana amasezerano y’ubwishingizi butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n’ibigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri bashobora kugira ibyiciro by’abantu bakura mu bagenerwa indishyi. Muri ibyo byiciro harimo abarebwa n’amategeko yihariye mu byerekeye indishyi ziterwa n’ibyago bikomoka ku kazi, aba bakaba bagomba kuba bafite amategeko yihariye abarengera mu gihe habayeho impanuka mu rwego rw’akazi. N’ubwo itegeko ryavuzwe ridasobanura neza ayo mategeko ayo ari yo, birumvikana ko ari asanzwe arengera abakozi, akaba ari ajyanye n’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi9 cyangwa ubundi bwishingizi bw’abakozi bwafashwe n’umukoresha wabo, nk’ubwo CRBC Ltd yafatiye abakozi bayo ku wa 23/01/2014 bwiswe “workmen compensation insurance”. [35] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, biragaragara ko mu masezerano rusange ya SANLAM AG Plc yagaragajwe haruguru, abakozi b’uwishingiwe batari mu bagenerwa indishyi mu gihe bari mu kazi cyangwa abashoferi b’imodoka yateje impanuka. Biragaragara na none ko no mu bundi bwishingizi10CRBC Ltd yafatiye ibinyabiziga byayo, abakozi bayo batarimo. [36] Hakurikijwe ibimaze gusobanurwa haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga amasezerano y’ubwishingizi butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n’ibigenda ku butaka bifite moteri atarashoboraga gushingirwaho hatangwa indishyi ku mpanuka yahitanye Nshimyumukiza Isacar. b. Ni ubuhe bwishingizi bukoreshwa ku birebana n’impanuka yahitanye Nshimyumukiza Isacar ari mu kazi? [37] Mu gusubiza ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya ubwishingizi bugomba gukoreshwa mu kwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yahitanye Nshimyumukiza Isacar, ni ngombwa gusobanura iby’iyi mpanuka mbere yo gusobanura ugomba gutanga indishyi ziyikomokaho.

8 “Ne peuvent bénéficier del’indemnité d’assurance …(3o) pendant leur service, les salariésou préposés del’assuré ou du conducteur don’t la responsabilité est engagé du fait de l’accident” 9- Ingingo ya 47 agace ka 6, y’Itegeko Nº 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakurikizwaga igihe Nshimyumukiza Isacar yakoraga impanuka, iteganya ko imwe mu nshingano z’umukoresha ari ugushyira abakozi mu bwiteganyirize bw’abakozi. - Ingingo ya 2, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko N° 06/2003 ryo ku wa 22/03/2003 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko-Teka ryo ku wa 22/08/1974 rigena ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi iteganya ko iri Tegekorireba abakozi bagengwa n’amategeko agenga umurimo, abanyapolitiki bari mu nzego za Leta batarageza ku myaka y’izabukuru n’abakozi ba Leta bagengwa na Sitati. Naho igika cya kabiri cy’iyo ngingo kikagira giti: “Bafatwa nk’abakozi bavuzwemu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo, abakozi b’igihe gito...” 10 Reba amazeserano y’ubwishingizi yihariye: II. Particular conditions for the cover personal accident (for owners, relatives and drivers).

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[38] Ibijyanye n’impanuka yahitanye Nshimyumukiza Isacar: Ingingo ya 13 y'itegeko No 06/2003 ryo ku wa 22/03/2003 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko-Teka ryo ku wa 22/08/1994 rigena ubwiteganyirize bw'abakozi iteganya mu gika cya mbere ko icyago gikomoka ku kazi ari ikigwirira umukozi cyose ku murimo we, ku mpamvu iyo ari yo yose”. Turebye mu bindi bihugu, abahanga mu mategeko y’abafaransa bagaragaza ko ingingo ya L411-1 s. CSS ku byerekeye impanuka y’akazi yagiye isobanurwa mu buryo bwagutse mu manza zitandukanye, ubu ikaba isobanurwa nk’ikintu cyangwa ibintu bigwirira umuntu mu gihe kizwi kubera akazi cyangwa mu gihe cy’akazi, bikamuviramo ibyago ku mubiri hatitawe ku gihe ibyo byago byagaragariye. (on a donc pu donner de l’accident du travail une définition plus large le désignant comme “un événement ou une série d’événements survenus à des dates certaines par le fait ou à l’occasion du travail, dont il est résulté une lésion corporelle, quelle que soit la date d’apparition de celle-ci”)11. Nshimyumukiza Isacar yakoze impanuka ari mu kazi ka CRBC Ltd, aho bari bavuye gupakira umucanga mu mirimo y’ubwubatsi bw’umuhanda RUVUMBU-KIBUYE, ibi kandi ababuranyi bose babyemeranyaho. Ibi bigaragaza rero ko impanuka yahitanye Nshimyumukiza Isacar ari impanuka yo mu rwego rw’akazi igomba kugengwa n’amategeko agenga bene izo mpanuka, hakaba hagomba kugenwa indishyi zishingiye kuri ayo mategeko. [39] Ku bijyanye n’ugomba gutanga indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka y’akazi, duhereye ku biteganywa mu bindi bihugu, mu mategeko y’abafaransa nk’uko asobanurwa n’abahanga bavuzwe haruguru, ingingo ya L.451-1CSS y’abafaransa ivuga ko ibigenerwa uwakoze impanuka y’akazi bidashingira ku ihame ry’uburyozwe12. Bavuga ko hakurikizwa ibigenga ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi (sécurité sociale) bifasha uwahohotewe kubona ubuvuzi bujyanye n’uko amerewe ndetse no guhabwa ibindi byamufasha, akaba ari no muri urwo rwego agenerwa indishyi. Bavuga kandi ko umukozi ashobora no kuba yariteganyirije afata ubundi bwishingizi (assurance des personnes) ku byago byamubaho ku mubiri13. [40] Umukoresha nawe agomba gufata ubwishingizi bwitwa “workers’ compensation Insurance” bushobora kwitwa “workmen compensation insurance” abufatiye abakozi bari mu kazi kugira ngo igihe habaye impanuka, umwishingizi azishyure ibyangijwe, aho kugira ngo umukozi akurikirane umukoresha we. Ibi ni byo bivugwa n’abahanga mu bijyaye n’ubu bwishingizi nk’uko bigaragara ku rubuga rwa Insurance Information Institute (III) rwo muri Pennsylvania, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika14. Ni nacyo gisobanuro gitangwa n’uwitwa Julia Kagan wo muri New York

11 Yvonne Lambert-faivre na Stéphanie Porchy-Simon: Droit du domage corporel, systeme d’indemnisation, éditions DALLOZ, 8è édition, P428 12 Idem. P 437 13 “Lorsque la victime d’un domage corporel ne peut attendre aucune indemnisation d’un tiers responsible, elle dispose cependant de certaines prestations de sécurité sociale qui lui permettent notamment de recevoir dessoins médicaux correspondant à son état, et éventuellemnt quelques subsides en éspèces; c’est aussi dansle cadre de la sécurité sociale que la victime d’un accident de travail est indemnisée. Elle peut en outre avair veillé à sa prévoyance personnelle en ayant souscrit des assurances de personnes pour ses dommages corporels d’accident ou de maladie”. Idem. Para 401. 14 “Workers compensation insurance serves two purposes: It assures that injured workers get medical care and compensation for a portion of the income they lose while they are unable to return to work and it usually protects employers from lawsuits by workers injured while working.” https://www.iii.org/publications/insuring-your- business-small-business-owners-guide-to-insurance/specific-coverages/workers-compensation-insurance.

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ku rubuga rwa INVESTOPIA15 ndetse n’urubuga ASSURALIA rwo mu Bubiligi16. Aba bahanga bose bavuga ko ubu bwishingizi kubufatira abakozi ari itegeko. [41] Mu Rwanda naho, bene ubu bwishingizi burategetswe mu bijyanye n’imyubakire. Ingingo ya 41 y’Itegeko N°10/2012 ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rigena imitunganyirize y’imijyi n’imyubakire mu Rwanda iteganya ko “agitangira imirimo y’ubwubatsi, rwiyemezamirimo agomba gufata ubwishingizi bw’impanuka zishobora kuba ahubakwa”, naho iya 42 y’iryo tegeko igateganya ko uwapatanye gukorera undi imirimo y’ubwubatsi agomba kuba afite ubwishingizi bw’ibyo yaryozwa, biturutse ku gikorwa cye. [42] Mu Rwanda kandi, hari amategeko agira icyo avuga ku bijyanye n’ibigomba gukorerwa umukozi mu rwego rwo kumurinda: (i) Ingingo ya 47, agace ka 6, y’Itegeko Nº 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakurikizwaga ubwo Nshimyumukiza Isacar yakoraga impanuka, iteganya ko imwe mu nshingano z’umukoresha ari ugushyira abakozi mu bwiteganyirize bw’abakozi; (ii) Ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 06/2003 ryo ku wa 22/03/2003 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko-Teka ryo ku wa 22/08/1974 rigena ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu mu gika cya mbere igira iti “iri Tegeko rireba abakozi bagengwa n’amategeko agenga umurimo, abanyapolitiki bari mu nzego za Leta batarageza ku myaka y’izabukuru n’abakozi ba Leta bagengwa na Sitati”. Naho igika cya kabiri cy’iyo ngingo kigira kiti: “Bafatwa nk’abakozi bavuzwe mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo, abakozi b’igihe gito...”; [43] Mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00007/2022/SC17 Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko uko byagenda kose, umukozi agomba gutangirwa imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize, kabone n’ubwo yaba akora mu buryo bw’imirimo idashingiye ku masezerano y’akazi yanditse (secteur informel) cyangwa mu gihe yaba akora imirimo y’igihe gito. [44] Ushingiye ku byo abahanga bavuzwe bagaragaza n’ibyo amategeko yavuzwe ateganya ndetse n’uyu murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, biragaragara ko umukozi wese, n’iyo yaba uw’igihe gito agomba guteganyirizwa mu bwiteganyirize bw’abakozi kandi ko ibirebana n’impanuka y’akazi bigengwa n’amategeko agenga ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi, ndetse ko abakozi bo mu mirimo y’ubwubatsi n’iyindi isa nka yo bagomba gufatirwa ubwishingizi bwihariye mu rwego rwo kubarinda. [45] Muri dosiye y’uru rubanza nta kigaragaza ko CRBC Ltd yamenyekanishije mu bwiteganyirize bw’abakozi, abakozi bakoraga ku muhanda Ruvumbu-Kibuye, Nshimyumukiza Isacar yakoragaho. Ubwishingizi bwonyine bafatiwe ni ubwagaragajwe bwitwa “workmen compensation insurance”, bwateganyaga ko hazatangwa mu buryo bwa “forfait” 1,000,000 Frw mu gihe habayeho urupfu. Iyo CRBC Ltd iza kumenyekanisha aba bakozi mu bwiteganyirize bw’abakozi kandi ikabatangira imisanzu, Nzayikorera Jeanne, umwana we n’umubyeyi wa

15 https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/workers-compensation.asp 16 “L’assurance contre les accidents du travail est une assurance obligatoire à charge de l’employeur. Il doit la souscrire auprès d’une entreprise d’assurance agréée pour couvrir ce risque. La police d’assurance doit être conclue avant l’embauche du premier travailleur” https://www.assuralia.be/fr/theme/travail- entreprise/assurance-accidents-du- travail. 17 Reba urubanza Hategekimana Bonaventure yaburanaga na HYTON Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukikorw’Ikirenga ku wa 14/04/2023, igika cya 36.

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Nshimyumukiza Isacar bari guhabwa ibigenerwa umuryango w’umukozi wazize impanuka y’akazi, ariko ibyo si byo baburanye muri uru rubanza. [46] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rurasanga ubwishingizi bwagombaga gukurikizwa ari ubwo CRBC Ltd yari gufatira umukozi mu bwiteganyirize bw’abakozi ndetse n’ubwiswe “workmen compensation insurance”. [47] Ku birebana no kumenya niba indishyi zatanzwe zikwiye, Urukiko rurasanga kugena indishyi mu buryo bwa forfait byubahirije amategeko agenga ubwishingizi bw’impanuka z’akazi nk’uko bivugwa n’umuhanga Arnaud Buisson Fizellier18 uvuga ko amategeko agenga ibijyanye n’impanuka z’akazi ateganya ko indishyi zitangwa hashingiwe kuri forfait kandi ko ihame ryo kuriha mu buryo bwuzuye nk’uko bikorwa mu bijyane n’uburyozwe mu mategeko asanzwe ridakurikizwa mu bijyanye n’impanuka z’akazi19. Ikindi kandi ubu bwishingizi buriha hashingiwe ku byo uwabufashe yishingiye n’ibyo yumvikanye n’umwishingizi bizishyurwa igihe cy’impanuka. Urukiko rurasanga rero SANLAM AG Plc yarubahirije inshingano zayo zishingiye ku masezerano ya “workmen compensation insurance” yo ku wa 23/01/2014 yagiranye na CRBC Ltd, bityo ikaba itagomba kugira ikindi ibazwa. 1. II.2. Kumenya niba indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yahitanye Nshimyumukiza Isacar zisabwa na Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be zifite ishingiro n’ugomba kuzishyura mu gihe zaba zigomba gutangwa [48] Nyuma yo gusanga indishyi zasabwe zitari gushingira ku Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n'ibinyabiziga, Urukiko rusanga bitakiri ngombwa gusuzuma iki kibazo. 2. II.3. Kumenya ishingiro ry’indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza [49] Me Nsabayezu Evariste uhagarariye Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be, avuga ko kuva urubanza rwatangira abo aburanira batakaje byinshi mu gukurikirana uru rubanza kuva ku mwishingizi, mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye, mu Rukiko Rukuru no mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, agasaba ko mu gihe Urukiko rwasanga ibisabwa n’abo aburanira bifite ishingiro, rwategeka SANLAM AG Plc na CRBC Ltd gusubiza Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be 4,000,000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 1,500,000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [50] Me Rusanganwa Jean Bosco uhagarariye SANLAM AG Plc avuga ko indishyi zisabwa na Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be nta shingiro kuko ikirego zishingiyeho nacyo nta shingiro gifite. [51] Mu kirego kiregera kwiregura, Me Rusanganwa Jean Bosco uhagarariye SANLAM AG Plc avuga ko kuba sosiyete aburanira ikomeje gushorwa mu manza ku maherere, asaba Urukiko ko rwategeka Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be kuyishyura 1,000,000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 1,000,000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka yiyongera ku yo baciwe mu nkiko zibanza.

18 Arnaud Buisson Fizellier, La réparation intégrale du préjudice: rappel du principe et applications pratiques. Lettre d’information décembre 2006. www.bfpl-law.com/publications/la-reparation-integrale-du-prejudice- rappel-du- principe-et-applications-pratiques-lettre-dinformation-decembre-2006. 19 “la législation sur les accidents du travail et maladies professionnelles qui n’offre aux victimes qu’un régime de réparation forfaitaire, lequel ne peut assurer une réparation intégrale de la victime”.

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[52] Me Nsabayezu Evariste uhagarariye Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be avuga ko indishyi zisabwa na SANLAM AG Plc atari ngombwa kuko amafaranga y’indishyi asabwa n’abo aburanira bayafitiye uburenganzira. [53] Me Niyitegeka Eraste uhagarariye CRBC Ltd na we mu kirego kiregera kwiregura yasabye Urukiko ko sosiyete aburanira yagenerwa indishyi z'akababaro zingana na 2,000,000 Frw kubera gukururwa mu manza zidafite ishingiro kandi mu by’ukuri ibyabaye byose nta ruhare CRBC Ltd yabigizemo ku buryo yajyanwa mu nkiko, cyane cyane ko ibyo yasabwaga nk’umukoresha byose yabikoze. Yasabye kandi ko CRBC Ltd yagenerwa n’abarega 1,000,000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. [54] Me Nsabayezu Evariste uhagarariye Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be avuga ko CRBC Ltd nta ndishyi ikwiye gusaba kuko ari yo nyirabayazana w’ibibazo byose kubera ko amasezerano y’ubwishingizi ivuga ko ari yo yashingiweho hishyurwa umuryango wa Nyakwigendera adakwiye kuko bitumvikana ukuntu washyira mu masezerano ko mu gihe umukozi apfuye umuryango wa Nyakwigendera uhabwa 1,000,000 Frw gusa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA: [55] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N⁰ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko “ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza.” [56] Urukiko rurasanga muri uru rubanza utsinzwe ari Nzayikorera Jeanne na bagenzi be bakaba ari bo bakwiye gutanga indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza kandi badakwiye guhabwa izo basaba. Rurasanga abagomba guhabwa indishyi ari SANLAM AG Plc na CRBC Ltd ariko izo basaba akaba ari umurengera kandi batagaragaza ko ari zo zakoreshejwe, ndetse bakaba nta n’ibyo bakoze bidasanzwe mu gukurikirana urubanza, kuko rwaburanywe na ba Avoka babo, akaba ari yo mpamvu mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko rusanga bahabwa buri wese 500,000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka gusa. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [57] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Nzayikorera Jeanne, Uwimpundu Marie, Mukashema Mamelithe, Ndengeyingoma Bosco, Tuyishimire Béatrice, Nyirangirimana Béathe, Nyiragasigwa Agnès na Bihoyiki Vestine gisaba gusubirishamo Urubanza Nº RCA 00017/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 25/11/2022, ku mpamvu z’akarengane, nta shingiro gifite; [58] Rwemeje ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza Nº RCA 00017/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 25/11/2022; [59] Rutegetse Nzayikorera Jeanne, Uwimpundu Marie, Mukashema Mamelithe, Ndengeyingoma Bosco, Tuyishimire Béatrice, Nyirangirimana Béathe, Nyiragasigwa Agnès na Bihoyiki Vestine gufatanya guha SANLAM AG Plc 500,000 Frw na CHINA ROAD AND BRIDGE CORPORATION Ltd 500,000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka.