NZEYIMANA v. UWERA N’ UNDI

# NZEYIMANA v. UWERA N’ UNDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-11-18 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 00078/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NZEYIMANA v. UWERA N’ UNDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOMAA 00078/2022/CA (Munyangeri, P.J.,) 18 Ugushyingo 2022] Amategeko agenga ububasha bw inkiko – Ububasha bw’Urukiko – Urukiko rw’Ubujurire – Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri Rukiko mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe – Ubujurire ntibuba buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire iyo bigaragara ko uwajurirye yatsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje – Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko, ingingo ya 52. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwitwa Nzeyimana Cyprien yasabye inguzanyo muri BK Plc ingana na 30.000.000Frw, ayitangira ingwate y’uwo mutungo. Uwera Hélène umugore we avuga ko bashyingiranywe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, uburyo bw’imicungire y’umutungo bahitamo ivangamutungo rusange, ariko ko umugabo we yafashe iyo nguzanyo batabyumvikanyeho, akaba yarakoresheje inyandiko mpimbano ajya kuyisaba, yakoranye na mushiki we witwa Uwamariya Edith, kandi ko akaba yarahanwe n’icyaha cyo gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano. Uwera Hélène rero yareze Nzeyimana Cyprien na BANK OF KIGALI Plc (BK Plc) mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, arusaba gutesha agaciro amasezerano y’ubugwate ku mutungo watanzweho ingwate avuga ko ashingiye ku nyandiko-mpimbano, asaba uruhare rwe rwa 50% kuruwo mutungo. Nzeyimana yaburanye yemera ko yakoze icyaha cyo gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano, asaba ko amasezerano y’ingwate yaseswa. Banki nayo ivuga ko idakwiye kwamburwa uburenganzira ku ngwate yose yatanzwe na Nzeyimana Cyprien. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko Nzeyimana Cyprien yahaye banki ingwate y’umutungo ufite asangiye n’umugore we Uwera Hélène atabizi, atanabyemeye, bityo ko ubugwate bwa banki nta gaciro bufite ku ruhare rw umugore we rungana na 50% by’agaciro k’uwo mutungo, ko bufite agaciro gusa ku ruhare rwa Nzeyimana Cyprien rungana na 50%. Nzeyimana yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, arusaba gusuzuma niba Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaraciye urubanza ku cyo rwaregewe, n’ishingiro ry’indishyi yategetswe kwishyura umugore we. Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nzeyimana nta shingiro bufite, bityo ko imikirize y’ urubanza rwaciwe n urukiko rw ubucuruzi idahindutse. Nzeyimana yajuririye nanone icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko anenga kuba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaragaragaje ukwivuguruza mu gihe rwakiraga ubujurire bwa Uwera Hélène. Uwera Hélēne hamwe na BK batanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ishingiye ku gutsindwa mu nkiko zabanje ku mpamvu zimwe n’ishingiye ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa, avuga kandi ko impamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe na Nzeyimana Cyprien nta shingiro zifite kuko Urukiko rutamwambuye ububasha bwose rwemeza ko afite uburenganzira bwo gukurikirana umutungo we.

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Nzeyimana yiregura avuga ko iyi nzitizi nta shingiro ifite, kubera ko atatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Incamake y’ icyemezo: Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri Rukiko mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe. Bityo, Ubujurire ntibuba buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire iyo bigaragara ko uwajurirye yatsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje.

Inzitizi ifite ishingiro. Amagarama ahwanye n’ ibyakozwe mu rubanza. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko, ingingo ya 52. Nta manza zifashishijwe.

Urubanza

I.IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uwera Hélène na Nzeyimana Cyprien bashyingiranywe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, uburyo bw’imicungire y’umutungo bahitamo ivangamutungo rusange, bashakana umutungo utimukanwa ufite UPI: 1/02/14/07/613. Nzeyimana Cyprien yasabye inguzanyo muri BANK OF KIGALI Plc (BK Plc) ingana na miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw), ayitangira ingwate y’uwo mutungo. Uwera Hélène avuga ko umugabo we yafashe iyo nguzanyo batabyumvikanyeho, ko inyandiko yakoresheje ajya kuyisaba ari impimbano yakoranye na mushiki we witwa Uwamariya Edith, kandi ko byatumye Nzeyimana Cyprien ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano, aranagihanirwa. [2] Uwera Hélène yareze Nzeyimana Cyprien na BANK OF KIGALI Plc (BK Plc) mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, arusaba gutesha agaciro amasezerano y’ubugwate ku mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/14/07/613 kuko ashingiye ku nyandiko-mpimbano. Asobanura ko yemera ko Nzeyimana Cyprien afite uburenganzira kuri iyi ngwate buhwanye na 50%, ko mu gihe Urukiko rwasanga BANK OF KIGALI Plc (BK Plc) ikwiye kwishyurwa, rwazategeka ko isigarana ubugwate bw’uwo mutungo bungana na 50% by’uruhare rwa Nzeyimana Cyprien, hanyuma iyo ngwate yazagurishwa na we akabona 50% by’uruhare rwe. Nzeyimana Cyprien yaburanye yemera ko yakoze icyaha cyo gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano, asaba ko amasezerano y’ingwate yaseswa.

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BANK OF KIGALI Plc (BK Plc) ivuga ko idakwiye kwamburwa uburenganzira ku ngwate yose yatanzwe na Nzeyimana Cyprien. [3] Mu rubanza RCOM 01200/2021/TC rwaciwe ku wa 14/01/2022 Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko Nzeyimana Cyprien yahaye BANK OF KIGALI Plc (BK Plc) ingwate y’umutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/14/07/613 asangiye n’umugore we Uwera Hélène atabizi, atanabyemeye, ko ubugwate bwa BANK OF KIGALI Plc (BK Plc) ku mutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/14/07/613 nta gaciro bufite ku ruhare rwa Uwera Hélène rungana na 50% by’agaciro k’uwo mutungo, ko ubugwate bwa BANK OF KIGALI Plc (BK Plc) ku mutungo ufite UPI :1/02/14/07/613, bufite agaciro gusa ku ruhare rwa Nzeyimana Cyprien rungana na 50% y’agaciro kawo, rutegeka Nzeyimana Cyprien guha UWERA Hélène 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 20.000 Frw y’ingwate y’amagarama, yose hamwe akamuha 720.000 Frw, rumutegeka kandi guha BANK OF KIGALI Plc (BK Plc) 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. [4] Nzeyimana Cyprien yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, arusaba gusuzuma niba Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaraciye urubanza ku cyo rwaregewe, n’ishingiro ry’indishyi yategetswe kwishyura Uwera Hélène na BANK OF KIGALI Plc (BK Plc). [5] Mu rubanza RCOMA 00097/2022/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 20/06/2022, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nzeyimana Cyprien nta shingiro bufite, ko imikirize y’urubanza RCOM 01200/2021/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 14/01/2022 idahindutse, rutegeka Nzeyimana Cyprien kwishyura BANK OF KIGALI Plc 50.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, no kwishyura Uwera Hélène 50.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. [6] Ku wa 18/07/2022, Nzeyimana Cyprien yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RCOMAA 00078/2022/CA, avuga ko anenga kuba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaragaragaje ukwivuguruza mu gihe rwakiraga ubujurire bwa Uwera Hélène kandi rwarabanje kuvuga ko nta bubasha bwo kurega yari afite, no kuba rwarageneye BANK OF KIGALI Plc (BK Plc) na Uwera Hélène indishyi zitandukanye. [7] Uwera Hélēne avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe na Nzeyimana Cyprien nta shingiro zifite, kuko Urukiko rutamwambuye ububasha bwose, cyane ko rwemeje ko afite uburenganzira bwo gukurikirana umutungo we, akaba ari wo yakurikiranye akanemererwa ko uvanwa mu bugwate bwatanzwe muri BANK OF KIGALI Plc (BK Plc). Yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ishingiye ku gutsindwa mu nkiko zabanje ku mpamvu zimwe n’ishingiye ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa.

II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO 1. Kumenya niba ubujurire bwa Nzeyimana Cyprien butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko

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[8] Uwera Hélène avuga ko hakurikijwe ibibazo byasesenguwe n’Inkiko zombi zabanje, Nzeyimana Cyprien yatsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, ko rero ingingo ya 52, igika cya 3 y’itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw'Inkiko iteganya ko: “Icyakora kandi ubujurire bwa kabiri ntibushobora kwakirwa ku manza z’ababuranye bemera ibyo baregwa, cyangwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe”, ikwiye kubahirizwa ubujurire bwa kabiri yatanze muri uru Rukiko ntibwakirwe. [9] Uwera Hélène asobanura ko mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, ikibazo cya mbere kirebana no kumenya niba amasezerano y’ubugwate yabaye hagati ya Nzeyimana Cyprien na BANK OF KIGALI Plc yateshwa agaciro, rwagitanzeho ibisobanuro mu gika cya 7 n’icya 8, aho mu gika cya 7 rwasanze ababuranyi bose bemeranya ko ingwate Nzeyimana Cyprien yatanze ayihuriyeho na Uwera Hélēne kandi ko ajya kuyitangaho ingwate atabimumenyesheje ngo abyemere cyangwa abihakane, rusanga kandi Uwera Hélēne na BANK OF KIGALI Plc bemeranya ko ingwate yateshwa agaciro ku bireba umugabane ungana na 50% wa Uwera Hélène. Mu gika cya 8, Urukiko rwasanze ubugwate ku mutungo wa Uwera Hélène ungana na 50% ufite UPI: 1/02/14/07/613 nta gaciro bugomba guhabwa, kubera ko nta masezerano yo kuyiha ingwate kuri uwo mutungo yigeze agirana na BANK OF KIGALI Plc, ko rero ayo masezerano afite agaciro ku ruhare rungana na 50% rwa Nzeyimana Cyprien [10] Ku kibazo kirebana n’indishyi zisabwa n’abaregwa, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwanzuye mu gika cya 12 ko kuba Nzeyimana Cyprien ari we nyirabayazana w’urwo rubanza, agomba guha Uwera Hélène na BANK OF KIGALI Plc, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [11] Ku birebana n’impamvu zashingiweho, Uwera Hélène avuga ko mu gusesengura ikibazo kirebana no kumenya niba Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaraciriye urubanza ku kitaregewe, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwatanze ibisobanuro kuva mu gika cya 15 kugeza mu gika cya 19 by’urubanza RCOMA 00097/2022/HCC, aho mu gika cya 15 no mu cya 16, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwagarutse ku byasobanuwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi mu gika cya 7 no mu cya 8 by’urubanza RCOM 01200/2021/TC rwaciwe ku wa 14/01/2022, n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi [12] Uwera Hélène avuga kandi ko mu gika cya 17, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwagaragaje impamvu y’ubujurire ya Nzeyimana Cyprien kuba Urukiko rubanza rwaciriye urubanza ku kitararegewe, rwanzura ko nta cyo yigeze avuga ku byasabwe na Uwera Hélène mu gika cya 4 cy’urwo rubanza, aho ubwe yisabiye ko mu gihe Urukiko rwaba rubona ko banki igomba kubona ubwishyu, rwazategeka ko isigarana mu bugwate 50% by’uruhare rwa Nzeyimana Cyprien, bityo ko iyo ngwate yagurishwa Uwera Hélène akabona 50% by’uruhare rwe. [13] Ku mpamvu y’ubujurire yo kuba Nzeyimana Cyprien avuga ko atagombaga gutegekwa gutanga amafaranga yasabwe, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze kuba abaregwa barahawe amafaranga ajyanye n’ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza rwa mbere, nta kosa ryakozwe, cyane ko n’uwajuriye atagaragaza itegeko ryishwe cyangwa ikimenyetso kigaragaza uko bigomba gukosorwa, bityo hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 150, igika cya 6 y’itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko “uwajuriye agomba kugaragaza ibisobanuro kuri buri nenge cyangwa kuri buri kibazo bigaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa Urukiko”, rusanga iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite.

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[14] Uwera Hélène asoza avuga ko ubujurire bwa Nzeyimana Cyprien butagomba kwakirwa kuko Inkiko zombi zashingiye ku mpamvu zimwe mu kwemeza ko 50% by’umutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/14/07/613 watanzweho ingwate muri BK Plc ari ibya Uwera Hélène, no kuba mu gutesha agaciro amasezerano y’ubugwate yakorewe kuri uwo mutungo hagati ya BK Plc na Nzeyimana Cyprien ku birebana n’uruhare rwa Uwera Hélène, zose zarashingiye ku ngingo ya 64 y’itegeko N°45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2022 rigenga amasezerano, ko rero isesengura ryakozwe n’inkiko zombi ndetse n’amategeko zashingiyeho, byose ari bimwe. [15] Me Biseruka Frank uhagarariye BANK OF KIGALI Plc na we atanga inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa Nzeyimana Cyprien, kubera ko yatsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Asobanura ko izo Nkiko zasuzumye uburenganzira bwa UWERA Hélène ku ngwate Nzeyimana Cyprien yahaye BANK OF KIGALI Plc, zose zisanga Uwera Hélène afite uburenganzira ku mutungo Nzeyimana Cyprien yatanzeho ingwate ku ruhare rwe rungana na 50% byawo, kandi ko yari yabisabye nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 4 cy’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi. [16] Akomeza avuga ko mu gika cya 6 cy’urwo rubanza, BANK OF KIGALI Plc yavuze ko yemeranya n’ibyo UWERA Hélène yavugaga ko asaba uruhare rwe rungana na 50% kuri iyo ngwate, Urukiko rubifataho umwanzuro, rwemeza ko afite uruhare rwa 50% ku mutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/14/07/613 watanzweho ingwate mu buryo bw’uburiganya, ko ibyo ari na byo Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwashimangiye mu gika cya 19 cy’urubanza rujurirwa, aho na rwo rwasanze afite uburenganzira kuri uwo mutungo watanzweho ingwate bungana na 50%. [17] Me Biseruka Frank asobanura ko mu gika cya 8 cy’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ubugwate ku mutungo wa Uwera Hélène ungana na 50% by’umutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/14/07/613 nta gaciro bufite, kuko nta ruhare yagize mu gutanga iyo ngwate muri BANK OF KIGALI Plc, ahubwo ko amasezerano y’ubwo bugwate ari itegeko kuri Nzeyimana Cyprien na BANK OF KIGALI Plc bayagiranye, bivuze ko afite agaciro gusa ku ruhare rwa Nzeyimana Cyprien rungana na 50%. [18] Ku birebana n’indishyi zasabwe, avuga ko mu gika cya 12 cy’urubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, Urukiko rwanzuye ko kuba urwo rubanza rwaratewe n’amakosa ya Nzeyimana Cyprien, akwiye kuriha ibyangiritse, rusanga kandi nta bubasha Uwera Hélène yari afite bwo gusaba gusesa amasezerano atagize uruhare mu ikorwa ryayo, akaba yari afite usa ububasha bwo kurengera uburengeranzira bwe. Ko ibyo ari byo Urukiko rwasuzumye rukabifataho umwanzuro, ariko ko Nzeyimana Cyprien atagaragaza aho umwanzuro w’Urukiko waba umubangamiye mu gihe we ubwe atigeze ahakana amasezerano avugwa muri uru rubanza, ko uruhare rwe muri ayo masezerano rwagaragajwe kandi rugomba kubahirizwa. [19] Me Ndagijimana Emmanuel wunganira Nzeyimana Cyprien avuga ko iyi nzitizi nta shingiro ifite, kubera ko uwo yunganira atatsinzwemu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Asobanura ko mu gika cya 15 n’icya 16 cy’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, rwasuzumye ingingo igira iti: ʺGusuzuma niba amasezerano y’ingwate yanditswe kuri UPI 1/02/14/07/613, iherereye mu Mudugudu w’Urumuri,Akagari ka Nyagahinga, Umurenge wa Rusororo, Akarere ka Gasabo, Umujyi wa Kigali yabaye hagati ya BK na Nzeyimana Cyprien yateshwa agaciro”, rwanzura ko ubugwate bugumanye agaciro kuri 50% by’umutungo watanzweho ingwate kuri Nzeyimana Cyprien kandi ko rutesheje agaciro ubugwate bwa 50%

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bw’uruhare rwa UWERA Hélène nyamara atari byo byari byaregewe, bityo ko kuba izi motivation z’inkiko zombi zidasa ndetse n’imyanzuro idasa, ubu bujurire bukwiye kwakirwa. [20] Akomeza avuga ko mu rubanza RCOMA 00097/2022/HCC, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasuzumye ingingo ijyanye no kumenya niba Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaraciye urubanza ku kitararegewe, kuko Uwera Hélène yari yatanze ikirego asaba Urukiko ʺGutesha agaciro amasezerano y’ingwate Nzeyimana Cyprien yagiranye na BANK OF KIGALI Plc ku mutungo UPI 1/02/14/07/613, umutungo utari uwe, uwo bawusangiye Uwera Hélène atabiziʺ, rushingiye ku kuba Uwera Hélène ataragize uruhare mu isinywa ry’amasezerano y’ubugwate Bank of Kigali yagiranye na Nzeyimana Cyprien, rusanga Uwera Hélène ataragombaga kuregera gusesa ayo masezerano y’ubugwate kandi atarayagizemo uruhare, kandi ko atashoboraga kuregera uburenganzira bwe, nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 19 cy’urubanza rujuririrrwa. [21] Ku ngingo irebana n’indishyi, avuga ko mu gika cya 18 cy’urubanza RCOM 01200/2021/TC, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwategetse Nzeyimana Cyprien guha Bank of Kigali Plc indishyi nta ho rushingiye, kuko itari yamureze cyangwa ngo we ayirege. Ko ariko mu rubanza RCOMA 00097/2022/HCC rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwashingiye ku kuba Nzeyimana Cyprien yarakoreye Bank of Kigali Plc amakosa yo kuyiha ingwate umugore we UWERA Hélène atabizi. Asoza asaba ko ubujurire bw’uwo yunganira bwakirwa, kubera ko atatsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi ku mpamvu zimwe.

Uko Urukiko rubibona [22] Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 2 y’itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko iteganya ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ruburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare iyo zujuje ibiteganywa n’iyo ngingo, ariko mu gika cya 3 cy’iyo ngingo igateganya ko “Icyakora kandi ubujurire bwa kabiri ntibushobora kwakirwa ku manza z’ababuranye bemera ibyo baregwa cyangwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe.” [23] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba impamvu zashingiweho umuburanyi atsindwa ku rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri ari zimwe, cyatanzweho ibisobanuro mu manza zinyuranye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga1 , zagaragaje ko mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri Rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko Inkiko zombi zazishubijeho mu buryo bumwe, kandi ko impamvu zigomba gutandukanywa n’icyemezo cy’Urukiko, kuko impamvu ari zozishingirwaho mu kugaragariza no gusobanurira ababuranyi icyatumye Urukiko rufata icyemezo. [24] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, imikirize y’urubanza RCOM 001200/2021/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 14/01/2022, igaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwasesenguye ikibazo nyamukuru kijyanye no kumenya niba amasezerano y’ingwate yanditswe kuri UPI 1/02/14/07/613, iherereye mu Mudugudu w’Urumuri, Akagari ka Nyagahinga, Umurenge wa Rusororo, Akarere ka Gasabo, Umujyi wa Kigali yabaye hagati ya BK na Nzeyimana Cyprien yateshwa agaciro, mu gika cya 7 n’icya 8, urwo Rukiko rusanga ababuranyi mu rubanza bemeranya ko umutungo Nzeyimana Cyprien yahayeho ingwate BK Ltd wavuzwe haruguru ari

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umuntungo asangiye n’umugore we UWERA Hélène, buri wese afiteho uruhare rwa 50%, binashimanirwa n’amasezerano y’ubukode bw’uyu mutuno yabaye hagati ya Leta y’u Rwanda na Nzeyimana Cyprien na Uwera Hélène. [25] Urwo Rukiko rwasanze kandi ababuranyi mu rubanza banemeranya ko Uwera Hélène atamenye itangwa ry’ingwate ngo abyemere cyangwa abihakane; ko by’umwihariko Uwera Hélène n’uwahawe ingwate bemeranije mu myanzuro no mu iburanisha ko ingwate yata agaciro gusa ku ruhare rwa 50% rwa Uwera Hélène, ko ubugwate ku mutungo wa Uwera Hélène ungana na 50% ku mutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/14/07/613 nta agaciro bufite kuko nta masezerano yo kuyihaho BANK OF KIGALI ubugwate yigeze agirana nayo, ahubwo amasezerano y’ubu bugwate ari itegeko kuri Nzeyimana Cyprien na BANK OF KIGALI bayagiranye, ko afite agaciro gusa ku ruhare rwa Nzeyimana Cyprien rungana na 50% rw’uyu mutungo 1/02/14/07/613, kuko umutungo bwite w’umuntu ku giti cye cyangwa uwo asangiye n’abandi utagomba kuvogerwa, ntuhungabanywe nk’uko biteganywa n’iiningo ya 34 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’U Rwanda ryo ku wa 04 Kamena 2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015. [26] Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaraciye urubanza ku cyo rwaregewe, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze kuba Uwera Hélène yararegeye gutesha agaciro amasezerano icyo yari agamije ari ukurengera uburenganzira bwe kuri ya 50% z’uruhare rwe ku mutungo watanzweho ingwate, ko ataregera ibirenze uburenganzira bwe, uretse ubwo gusaba kurengera uburengeranzira afite kuri uwo mutungo, ko kandi ibyo aribyo byasuzumwe bifatirwa umwanzuro, ko Nzeyimana Cyprien atagaragaza aho umwanzuro w’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi waba umubangamiye mu gihe atigeze ahakana amasezerano avugwa muri uru rubanza, ko uruhare rwe muri ayo masezerano rwagaragajwe kandi rugomba kubahirizwa, bityo rushingira ku ngingo ya 12 y’itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, rwanzura ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. [27] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, harebwe imikirize y’imanza zaciwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje, Nzeyimana Cyprien yaratsinzwe ku mpamvu nyamukuru imwe yo kuba ubugwate k’umutungo wa Uwera Hélène ungana na 50% ku mutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/14/07/613 nta gaciro bufite kuko nta masezerano yo kuyihaho BANK OF KIGALI ubugwate yigeze agirana nayo, ahubwo amasezerano y’ubugwate ari itegeko kuri Nzeyimana Cyprien na BANK OF KIGALI bayagiranye, ko afite agaciro gusa ku ruhare rwa Nzeyimana Cyprien rungana na 50% rw’uyu mutungo UPI: 1/02/14/07/613. [28] Urukiko rurasanga, hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 52, igika cya 3 y’itegeko nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru n’ibisobanuro byatanzwe, ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nzeyimana Cyprien butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, kuko yatsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje. [29] Urukiko rurasanga kandi, ikibazo kirebana n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka cyasuzumwe n’inkiko zombi zabanje, ari ingaruka z’ibyemejwe n’izo nkiko bituma uwatsinzwe agomba gutanga bene ayo mafaranga, kikaba kitagize ipfundo ry’ikibazo cyahagurukije umuburanyi aregera urukiko ku buryo rero kitafatwa mu bibazo byasobanuriwe impamvu n’izo nkiko byagereranywa.

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[30] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, bitakiri ngombwa gusuzuma inzitizi y’iburabubasha ijyanye no kumenya niba ubujurire bwa Nzeyimana Cyprien butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko hashingiwe ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa kuko bigaragajwe haruguru ko yatsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje. 2. Kumenya ishingiro ry’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka [31] Me Rugemintwaza Jean Marie Vianney asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Nzeyimana Cyprien guha Uwera Hélène 3.000.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 1.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. Avuga ko amafaranga Nzeyimana Cyprien asaba nta shingiro afite, kubera ko nta kosa Uwera Hélène yamukoreye [32] Me Biseruka Frank asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Nzeyimana Cyprien guha BANK OF KIGALI Plc amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka angana na 2.000.000Frw kuri uru rwego. [33] Nzeyimana Cyprien n’umwunganira bavuga ko Uwera Hélène atahabwa amafaranga asaba kubera ko Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko nta burenganzira yari afite bwo kurega, naho asabwa na BK Plc na yo ikaba itayahabwa kubera ko atari we wayishoye mu manza, akaba asanga yakagombye kuyasaba Uwera Hélène. Asaba ko Uwera Hélène amuha 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 2.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka ku nzego zose, Uko Urukiko rubibona [34] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko “ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza [35] Urukiko rurasanga, amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza Uwera Hélène yasabye ayakwiye, kuko yashatse Avoka wamuhagarariye muri izi manza akanazikurikirana, bityo akaba agenewe mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko 700.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, kuko ntakigaragaza ko amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu asaba ari yo yatakaje mu gukurikirana urubanza. [36] Naho ku bireba BANK OF KIGALI Plc , Urukiko ruransa yarashyizeho Avoka uyiburanira, ikaba igomba guhabwa amafranga y’igihembo cye angana na 500.000Frw agenwe mu bushishozi bwarwo, ayerekeranye n’ikurikiranarubanza ntiyahabwe kuko nyine yarukurikiraniwe na Avoka wayihagarariye.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [37] Rwemeje ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha ijyanye no kuba Nzeyimana Cyprien yaratsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje yatanzwe na Uwera Hélène na BANK OF KIGALI Plc ifite ishingiro [38] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nzeyimana Cyprien butakiriwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire;

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[39] Rutegetse Nzeyimana Cyprien kwishyura Uwera Hélène 700.000Frw akubiyemo igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza; [40] Rutegetse Nzeyimana Cyprien kwishyura BANK OF KIGALI Plc 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka; [41] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’amagarama yatanzwe na Nzeyimana Cyprien ahwanye n’ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza.