UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NZIGIRA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NZIGIRA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-10-30 - Case/document no.: RPAA01080/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NZIGIRA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA01080/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, J. P.) 30 Ukwakira 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Icyaha gihanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu, ntigishobora kugabanywa ngo kijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu, kuko aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko ku cyaha cyose gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nzigira yafatanywe udupfunyika 60 tw’urumogi, nyuma yo gukora iperereza Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko cyamuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya miliyoni 20.000.000Frw. Nzigira yaburanye yemera icyaha asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano, kuko yagikoze kubera gushaka ibitunga abana umugore we yamusigiye. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza, rwemeza ko Uregwa ahamwe n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya milioni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). Uregwa yajuririye bwa mbere mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano, kuko yahanishijwe ibihano birebire kandi yaremeye icyaha atagoye ubutabera. Ubushinjacyaha nabwo bwamusabiye ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’Itegeko rishya riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15. Nyuma yo gusuzuma impamvu z’ubujurire z’Uregwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze yaragabanyirijwe ibihano mu rwego rubanza hashingiwe ku kuba yemera icyaha, ariko akaba akwiriye kongera kubigabanyirizwa rushingiye kukuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha ndetse no kuba nta yindi raporo yari yagakorewe yo kuba asanzwe agira izo ngeso mbi zo kwishora mu byaha, no kuba ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe byafatiriwe bigatwikwa ntawe byagizeho ingaruka, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 2.000.000Frw. Uregwa ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru maze yongera kujuririra muri uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5) mu nyungu z’abana be basigaye bonyine badafite ubarera kandi bakiri bato, ndetse no kuba urumogi yafatanwe nta ngaruka rwateje. Avuga kandi ko asaba kugabanyirizwa ashingiye ku manza zaciwe mbere ku cyaha kimwe n’icyo aregwa, maze abagikoze bakaba barahanishijwe ibihano bito. Muri uru rubanza, Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ubujurire bw’Uregwa buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire bwe nta shingiro zifite, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha rwamugabanyirije igihano kiva ku gifungo cy’imyaka 25 kijya kuri 15, kikaba aricyo gihano gito ku cyaha giteganyirijwe igihano cya burundu, busaba ko hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Buvuga kandi ko imanza Uregwa agaragaza asaba ko zashingirwaho mukumugabanyiriza igihano kugeza munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 zitashingirwaho, kuko izo manza zaciwe hakurikijwe itegeko ritakiriho. Incamake y’icyemezo: Icyaha gihanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu, ntigishobora kugabanywa ngo kijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu, kuko aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko kuri icyo cyaha. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

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Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo 2. Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019, rihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko N°68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, ingingo ya 11. Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 60. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA00391/2023/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ntamakiriro Ezechiel rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025. RPAA00538/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2024. RPAA00367/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023. RPAA00048/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022. RPAA00032/2019/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2020. Urubanza III. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 23/07/2021, Nzigira Evariste yaketsweho gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko b’urumogi ubwo abashinzwe umutekano bamufatanaga udupfunyika 60 tw’urumogi, nyuma y’uko arwanye n’uwitwa Aloys Habimana, utwo dupfunyika tukaza kugwa hasi. Ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko cyamuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. [3] Nzigira Evariste, yaburanye yemera icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, asobanura ko yabitewe no kubura ubushobozi bwo gutunga abana umugore we yamutanye. Asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [4] Mu rubanza RP01108/2021/TGI/NYGE, rwaciwe ku wa 22/09/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Nzigira Evariste gushyigikiwe n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi ndetse n’inyandiko y’ubuyobozi bw’ibanze igaragaza ko yafatanwe udupfunyika 60 tw’urumogi; rwemeza ko Nzigira Evariste ahamwe n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya milioni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). Rutegeka ko urumogi rwafatiriwe rutwikwa. [5] Nzigira Evariste yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano, avuga ko yahanishijwe ibihano birebire kandi yemeye icyaha atagoye ubutabera. [6] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’Itegeko rishya riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15. [7] Mu rubanza RPA01561/2021/HC/KIG, rwaciwe ku wa 26/09/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, nyuma yo gusuzuma impamvu z’ubujurire za Nzigira Evariste, rwasanze, n’ubwo yagabanyirijwe ibihano mu rwego rubanza hashingiwe kukuba yemera icyaha, akwiriye kongera kubigabanyirizwa rushingiye kukuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha ndetse no kuba nta yindi raporo yari yagakorewe yo kuba asanzwe agira izo

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ngeso mbi zo kwishora mu byaha, no kuba ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe byafatiriwe bigatwikwa ntawe byagizeho ingaruka. Rushingira ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwemeza ko ibihano Nzigira Evariste yahanishijwe mu rubanza yajuririye bigabanyijwe, rumuhanisha igifungo cyy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 2.000.000Frw. [8] Nzigira Evariste alias Hassan yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA01080/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 14/10/2025, Nzigira Evariste alias Hassan yunganiwe na Me Ndengeyingoma Marie Yvonne, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bideri Diogène, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [9] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire, Nzigira Evariste na Me Ndengeyingoma Marie Yvonne umwunganira, basaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano mu nyungu z’abana be basigaye bonyine badafite ubarera kandi bakiri bato. Bakomeza basobanura ko urumogi yafatanwe nta ngaruka rwateje kuko ntawe yari yakaruhaho. Basaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5) bashingiye ku manza zaciwe muri uru Rukiko kucyaha kimwe nk’icyo Nzigira Evariste yahamijwe ariko abaregwa bagahabwa ibihano bito. [10] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Nzigira Evariste zidafite ishingiro kuko Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha rwamugabanyirije igihano kiva ku gifungo cy’imyaka 25 kijya kuri 15, kikaba aricyo gihano gito ku cyaha giteganyirijwe igihano cya burundu. Busaba ko hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. [11] Hakurikijwe izo mpaka, muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Nzigira Evariste alias Hassan akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Nzigira Evariste alias Hassan akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano [12] Nzigira Evariste alias Hassan na Me Ndengeyingoma Marie Yvonne umwunganira, basaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko ibyo yahawe bikiremereye, agahabwa bito bigeze ku gifungo cy’imyaka 5 kuko urumogi yafatanwe nta ngaruka rwateje kandi akaba afite abana bato badafite ubarera. Basaba ko yahanishwa ibihano bito biri munsi y’icyo Itegeko riteganya bashingiye ku manza zaciwe muri uru Rukiko ariko abaregwa ku cyaha kimwe na Nzigira Evariste bagahabwa ibihano bito biri munsi y’icyo Itegeko riteganya. [13] Bakomeza bagaragaza izo manza bavuga ko ari urubanza RPAA00032/2019/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2020, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu, urubanza RPAA00380/2021/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 24/02/2023 ndetse n’urubanza RPAA00356/2021/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 26/02/2023. [14] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko igihano cy’imyaka 15 Nzigira Evariste yahanishijwe aricyo gito ku cyaha yakoze bushingiye ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Buvuga kandi ko imanza bagaragaje basaba ko zashingirwaho mukumugabanyiriza igihano kugeza munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 zitashingirwaho kuko izo manza zaciwe hakurikijwe ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange kandi iyo ngingo yahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko bwagaragaje. [15] Bukomeza busobanura ko igihano cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 2.000.000Frw, Nzigira Evariste yahanishijwe kitagomba kugabanywa, bushingiye ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza no RPAA00538/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/01/2024/CA haburana

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Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude aho Urukiko rwifashishije ibyemejwe mu rubanza RPAA00048/2020/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul, rwemeje ko icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 kandi n’ihazabu iteganyijwe idashobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA Impaka kuri iyi ngingo, zishingiye kukumenya niba Nzigira Evariste alias Hassan akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuri uru rwego, kuburyo yahanishwa igifungo kiri munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha n’imanza yagaragaje. [16] Ku birebana no kugabanya igihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …; (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, … (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [17] Ku kibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba umuntu wahamijwe icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, cyakemuwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, kuva aho Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange risohokeye; muri izo manza harimo n’urubanza RPAA00391/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Ntamakiriro Ezechiel1. Muri izo manza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko icyo gihano kidashobora kugabanywa kuko aricyo gito giteganywa n’itegeko kuri icyo cyaha ndetse no ku kindi cyaha cyose gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [18] Naho kubyerekeranye no kumenya niba mu kugabanya igihano, Urukiko rushobora gushingira ku manza zaciwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 602 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA00367/2020/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023, haburana ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwifashishije ibyemejwe mu rubanza RPAA00048/2020/CA3 rwaciye ku wa 26/05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul, rwemeza ko imanza zose zaciwe mbere y’uko Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano risohoka, zitagikoreshwa, harimo urubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC00003/2019/SC kimwe n’izindi manza zose zagendeye muri uwo murongo wo kugabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganyijwe n’itegeko4.

1 Reba igika cyarwo cya 14. 2 Iyo ngingo yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya igihano ariko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga n’urw’Ubujurire zisobanura mu manza zitandukanye ko ubwo buryo bwo kugabanya ibihano bunyuranye n’amahame y’ubutabera buboneye n’ubwigenge bw’umucamanza kuko budatanga ubwinyagamburiro buhagije bufasha umucamanza guhuza uburemere bw’icyaha, ingaruka zacyo n’igihano. 3 Reba igika cyarwo cya 26 aho Urukiko rwasobanuye ibijyanye n’uko umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. 4 Reba igika cya 17-18 cy’urubanza RPAA00367/2020/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse.

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[19] Nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 135, Urukiko Rukuru, rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko ari ubwa mbere Nzigira Evariste alias Hassan akoze icyaha no kuba ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe byatwitswe bikaba ntawe byateje ingaruka ndetse no kuba atari asanzwe azwiho ingeso mbi, ndetse rushingiye no ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) n’aka (d), y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwamugabanyirije igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000Frw) aho kuba igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) n’aka (d), y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ndetse no ku murongo wafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rugendeye kuri iyo ngingo nk’uko byasobanuwe mu gika cya 17 cy’uru rubanza, rurasanga igihano Nzigira Evariste alias Hassan yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 aricyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, bityo kikaba kidakwiye kugabanywa. [21] N’aho ku bijyanye n’ihazabu ya milioni ebyiri (2.000.000Frw), rusanga idashora kugabanywa hashingiwe kumurongo wibukijwe mu gika cya 17 cy’uru rubanza kuko igihano gito cy’ihazabu gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ari miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw), nyamara we yahanishijwe miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000Frw). [22] Hashingiwe kubimaze kuvugwa byose, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyasabwe na Nzigira Evariste alias Hassan n’umwunganizi we, ko yagabanyirizwa igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), agahabwa gito kigeze ku gifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5), hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze, ndetse no ku manza bagaragaje mu gika cya 13 cy’uru rubanza, nta shingiro bifite, kuko Urukiko Rukuru, rwamugabanyirije igihano rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze, rumuhanisha igihano gito gishoboka, kitajya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [23] Urukiko rurasanga kandi imanza basaba gushingiraho agabanyirizwa ibihano nta shingiro bifite rushingiye ku murongo wagarutsweho mu gika cya 18 cy’uru rubanza, watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA00367/2020/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023, kuko ingingo ya 60 izo manza n’izindi zashingiragaho mukugabanya igihano, yahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yagarutsweho mu gika cya 16 cy’uru rubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [24] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nzigira Evariste alias Hassan nta shingiro bufite. [25] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA01561/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 26/09/2024, rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. [26] Rutegetse ko igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000Frw) Nzigira Evariste alias Hassan yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kigumyeho.

5 Reba urubanza RPA01561/2021/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 26/09/2024.