PRIME INSURANCE v MUSHIMIYIMANA

# PRIME INSURANCE v MUSHIMIYIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-07-01 - Case/document no.: RCA 00039/2022/HC/KIG - Collection: High Court

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PRIME INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd v MUSHIMIYIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU - RCA 00248/2022/HC/KIG (Harerimana, P.J.) 09 Kamena 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza z’ imbonezamubano – Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yateye urupfu - Indishyi mbangamirabukungu – Abagenerwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu - Indishyi mbangamirabukungu zikomoka ku mpanuka yateye urupfu zigenerwa gusa uwari usanzwe atunzwe n’uwapfuye. Mu gihe afite imyaka y’ubukure, agomba kugaragaza impamvu idasanzwe yatumaga amwitaho, nk’inyandiko zo kwa muganga zerekana ko hari ubumuga afite, uburwayi cyangwa ikindi kibazo kidasanzwe cyatuma atibeshaho. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ntirushwamaboko n’ abana be bareze Prime Insurance Company Ltd mu Rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge basaba indishyi zitandukanye zikomoka ku mpanuka yahitanye umwana we Munyeshyaka. Urukiko rwasanze ikirego gifite ishingiro rubagenera indishyi zitandukanye. Prime Insurance Company Ltd yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru ivuga ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zitagombaga gutangwa kuko nta kigaragaza ko Nyakwigendera ariwe wari utunze abazisaba kandi ko amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe mu gushyingura yatanzwe hagendewe ku itegeko ridahura n’ikiburanwa. Urukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba indishyi mbangamirabukungu zagenwe ku rwego rwa mbere zari zikwiriye gutangwa. Uwajuriye avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ntacyo rwashingiyeho mu kugenera indishyi mbangamirabukungu abazisabaga kuko nta kigaragaza ko bari batunzwe na Nyakwigendera uretse icyemezo cyo mu murenge bashatse nyuma y’uko impanuka iba. Abasaba indishyi bo bavuga ko bagaragaje icyemezo cyatanzwe n’inzego z’ ibanze cy’uko bari batunzwe na Nyakwigendera. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Indishyi mbangamirabukungu zikomoka ku mpanuka yateye urupfu zigenerwa gusa uwari usanzwe atunzwe n’uwapfuye kandi akabitangira ibimenyetso byerekana ko yari asanzwe amutunze nka mobile money, bordereaux yohererezagaho amafaranga n’ibindi bityo ibyo abaregera indishyi basaba nta shingiro kuko batagaragaza ko bari batuzwe na nyakwigendera. 2. Inyandiko yatanzwe n’Umuyobozi w’Umurenge igomba kuba iherekejwe n’ibindi bimenyetso bigizwe n’inyandiko zose zemeza ibyo urega asaba bityo inyandiko yatanzwe n’inzego zibanze abaregera indishyi bagaragaza nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko bari batunzwe na nyakwigendera nta gaciro yahabwa kuko nta bindi bimenyetso biyiherekeje byerekana uko yabahaga ibibatunga. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro; Urubanza RC 00254/2021/TGI/NYGE ruhindutse kuri bimwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka, ingingo ya 9;

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Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/4/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano, iz’ ubucuruzi, umurimo n’ ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 20; Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ingingo ya 22. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RC 00021/2022/SC, Mukagatare Regine n’abandi vs SANLAM AG PLC rwaciwe n’ Urukiko rw’ Ikirenga ku wa 17/3/2023 RS/INJUST/RC 00018/2022/SC, Niyonzima n’abandi vs SANLAM AG Plc rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenge ku wa27/01/2023; RCAA 0049/14/CS, SORAS AG Ltd, (SANLAM AG Plc) vs Umuhoza Pacifique n’abandi rwaciwen’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/11/2016. Urubanza O. INCAMAKE Y’ URUBANZA [1] Ntirushwamaboko Emmanuel n’ abana be batanze ikirego basaba indishyi zitandukanye zikomoka ku mpanuka yahitanye umwana we Munyeshyaka Eric. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwasanze ikirego gifite ishingiro. Prime Insurance Company yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru ivuga ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zitagombaga gutangwa, ko amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe mu gushyingura yatanzwe hagendewe ku itegeko ridahura n’ikiburanwa. Abaregwa mu bujurire batanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi. Urukiko rwasanze ubujurire bwatanzwe na Prime Insurance Company bufite ishingiro, rusanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe muri uru rubanza nta shingiro bufite. I. IMITERERE Y’ URUBANZA [2] Kuwa 6/06/2020, mu Murenge wa Nyarugunga, Akarere ka Kicukiro, habereye impanuka ubwo uwitwa Nkurunziza Noel wari utwaye imodoka ifite ubwishingizi muri Prime Insurance Company LTD yagongaga moto yari itwawe na Munyeshyaka Eric agahita apfa. [3] Umubyeyi wa Nyakwigendera Ntirushwamaboko Emmanuel, n’ abavandimwe be Mushimiyimana Grace, Niyonsaba Angélique, Uwitije Amos, Niyogushimwa Peruth na Niyizibyose Jean Claude batanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge nyuma yaho bandikiye Prime basaba indishyi ku bwumvikanye ntibyakunda baregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge basaba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, indishyi z’ibangamira k’umuco ndetse n’andi mafaranga yose yakoreshejwe mu gukurikirana izi ndishyi. Urukiko rwemeza ko ikirego cyabo gifite ishingiro. [4] Prime Insurance Company Ltd ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza ijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru isaba Urukiko gutegeka ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zingana na 6 726 643 Frw zategetswe n' Urukukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge zakurwaho no gutegeka ko amafaranga

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y’ibyakoreshejwe mu gushyingura angana 700 000 Frw yategetswe n'Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge akuweho. [5] Ku munsi w’ iburanisha, hitabye abaregwa bahagarariwe na Me Rubayiza Fikirini Michel naho Prime Insurance Company ltd ntiyitaba. Uhagarariye abaregwa asaba ko urubanza rwaburanishwa Prime idahari, rukazafatwa nkaho yari ihari. Urukiko ruhereye ko Prime Insurance Company ltd yihuje n’ urubanza, bivuze ko yari izi umunsi w’urubanza, rwaburanishije urubanza urega adahari, rukazafatwa nkaho yari ahari. [6] Mu nama ntegurarubanza, ku ngingo y’ ubujurire yo gusaba ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zingana na 6 726 643 Frw zategetswe n' Urukukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge zakurwaho, Prime insurance Company ltd uyihagarariye mu nama ntegurarubanza yavuze ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ntacyo rwigeze rusobanura niba Nyankwigendera Munyeshaka Eric wari ufite abandimwe 8, ndetse wanavutse 1993 ariwe wari utunze abo bana bose ndetse n’ababyeyi be, ko rutigeze rugaragaza ikimenyetso rwashingiyeho rutegeka izo ndishyi mbangamirabukungu. Bityo ko hakubahirizwa ibiteganywa n’ ingingo ya 22 y’ Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga aho iteganya ko «Abafite uburenganzira ku buryo byumvikana ko baribatunzwe n'uwahohotewe ni bo bonyine bashobora guhabwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu». Agasaba Urukiko ko rwazashingira ku rubanza RCAA 00049/14/CS aho Urukiko rwavuze ko ibimenyetso bishimanganira ko nyakwigendera yari atunze urugo bigaragazwa n’ ama facture, message za mobile money, ndetse n’ibindi bimenyetso byari bisanzwe bihari bigaragaza ko yari atunze urugo ariko bitari ibimenyetso byashatswe nyuma yuko apfa. [7] Ku ngingo y’ubujurire irebana n’ amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe mu gushyingura, Uhagarariye Prime Insurance Company ltd avuga ko Urukiko rwategetse ko Prime Insurance Company ltd igomba kwishyura amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe angana na 700 000 Frw ariko Urukiko rukaba rutarashingiye ku bimenyetso bigaragaraza ikoreshwa ryayo kubera ko nta kimenyetso na kimwe cyatanzwe n’ abasabaga izo ndishyi gishimangira ikoreshwa ryayo mafaranga n’inkomoko yayo. Urukiko rukaba rwarashingiye ku biteganywa mu ingingo ya 2 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe Nº124/03 ryo ku wa 27/7/2015 rigena ingano y'amafaranga y'ishyingurwa ku mukozi wa Leta, kandi nyamara Nyakwigendera, atari umukozi wa Leta cyangwa se umukozi w’ isosiyete runaka, ko hari gukoreshwa ingingo ya 13 y'iteka rya Perezida N°31/2001 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka. [8] Me Rubayiza Fikirini Michel uhagarariye abaregwa muri uru rubanza avuga ko bagaragarije Urukiko ikimenyetso cy’uko abasabye indishyi bari batunzwe na Nyakwigendera cyatanzwe n’inzego z’ ibanze, ko urubanza Prime itanga nka jurisprudence rudahura n’iki kibazo. Nawe akaba yaratanze imanza ebyiri rumwe rwaciwe n’ Urukiko Rukuru urundi rwaciwe n’ urukiko Rwisumbuye. Mu nama ntegurarubanza akavuga ko uko Urukiko Rwisumbuyye rwa Nyarugenge rwabaze indishyi mbangamirabukungu atari ko zagombaga kubarwa, ko iyo nenge yakosorwa. [9] Ku ngingo y’ubujurire irebana n’ amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe mu gushyingura, Me Rubayiza Fikirini Michel avuga ko Urukiko rwagennye amafaranga makeya , agasaba ko abo

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ahagarariwe bahabwa indishyi z’ibyakoreshejwe mu gushyingura Nyakwigendera angana na 3 475 750 frw abazwe ku buryo bukurikira: - Amafaranga yatanzwe hishyurwa morgue: 18.400frw; Amafaranga ya expertise medicale: 5 750 frw, amafaranga y’ibyemezo byo ku murenge byaguzwe huzuzwa dosiye: 22.000 frw; amafaranga yaguzwe dosiye muri Parquet: 9600frw; amafaranga yaguzwe isanduku : 50.000 frw ; amafaranga yo gutwara isanduka n’umurambo: 150.000 frw kuko umurambo wakuwe i Kigali ushyingurwa ku Gisagara; amafaranga y’amaciment na fer à betton byakoze imva: 70.000 frw, amafaranga y’imodoka 2 zatwaye abaherekeje umurambo wa Nyakwigendera: 100.000 frw; amafaranga yo gukaraba: 250.000 frw; amafaranga yo gukura ikiriyo: 300.000frw. [10] Ku bijyanye n’ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi, Me Rubayiza Fikirini Michel avuga ko kuba Urukiko rwaranze kwakira ikirego cya Huzineza Felix, Uyisabye Claudette ndetse na Iyaturinze hashingiwe ko batanze ikirego mu izina ryabo bwite kandi ko badafite imyaka y’ubukure siko biri kuko batangiwe ikirego na Se ubabyara ariwe Ntirushwamaboko Emmanuel mu izina ryabo cyane cyane ko ari nawe wishyuye amagarama y’urubanza ahubwo bitewe n’imiterere ya sisitemu itangirwamo ibirego ntaho bagaragaza uhagarariwe uburyo ashyirwamo ariko mu myanzuro itanga ikirego bikaba byaragaragajwe ko abo bana bahagarariwe na Se ubabyara bityo nabo akaba abasabira indishyi kuko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rutigeze ruzibagenera. Asoza asaba ko abo ahagarariye bahabwa indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza za 500 000 frw n’ igihembo cy’avoka cya 2 500 000 frw. [11] Uhagarariye Prime Insurance Company ltd avuga ko abatarazihawe ari uko batari bazikwiriye. Akavuga ko izo ndishyi basaba nta shingiro zifite. [12] Ibibazo bigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ibi bikurikira: A. Kumenya niba indishyi mbangamirabukungu zagenwe ku rwego rwa mbere zari zikwiriye gutangwa. B. Kumenya niba mu itangwa z’ amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe mu gushyingura harubahirijwe amategeko. C. Kumenya niba ikirego cyatanzwe na Huzineza Felix, Uyisabye Claudette na Iyaturinze cyaragombaga kwakirwa. D. Kumenya niba indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza zifite ishingiro. II. ISESENGURA RY’ IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA A. Kumenya niba indishyi mbangamirabukungu zagenwe ku rwego rwa mbere zari zikwiriye gutangwa. [13] Ingingo ya 22, igika cya mbere, y’Iteka rya Perezida nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, iteganya ko: Abafite uburenganzira ku buryo bwumvikana ko bari batunzwe n’uwahohotewe n’impanuka aribo bonyine bashobora guhabwa indishyi. [14] Prime Insurance Company ltd ivuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ntacyo rwashingiyeho mu kugenera indishyi mbangamirabukungu abazisabaga kuko nta kigaragaza ko bari batunzwe na Nyakwigendera. Me Rubayiza Fikirini Michel uhagarariye abahawe izo ndishyi

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avuga ko bagaragaje icyemezo cyatanzwe n’inzego z’ ibanze cy’uko bari batunzwe na Nyakwigendera. [15] Urukiko rusanga ikibazo gisa nk’iki cyaratanzweho umurongo n’ Urukiko rw’ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00021/2022/SC1. Muri urwo rubanza, ikibazo cyasuzumwemo akaba ari itangwa ry’indishyi mbangamirabukungu ku mubyeyi wa Nyakwigendera. [16] Mu gika cya 26 cy’ urwo rubanza ruvuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’ Ikirenga rwagaragaje ko Ingingo ya 22, igika cya mbere, y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, iteganya ko […] Abafite uburenganzira ku buryo bwumvikana ko bari batunzwe n’uwahohotewe n’impanuka aribo bonyine bashobora guhabwa indishyi. Mu rurimi rw’igifaransa iyi ngingo igira iti […] “seuls les ayants-droits justifiants qu’ils étaient à charge de la victime peuvent être indemnisés. Urukiko rwakomeje ruvuga ko iyo ngingo yumvikanisha ko bidahagije kwerekana ko hari amasano usaba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu afitanye na Nyakwigendera gusa, ko ahubwo agomba no gutanga ibimenyetso byerekana ko yari asanzwe ari mu nshingano ze kumutunga.2 [17] Mu rubanza rwaburanwaga hagati ya Niyonzima Léonidas n’abandi na SANLAM AG Plc3, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko ku birebana no kwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku rupfu rwatewe n’impanuka yo mu muhanda, imyandikire y’ingingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida ryavuzwe haruguru, igaragaza neza ko zigenerwa gusa uwari usanzwe atunzwe n’uwapfuye kandi akabitangira ibime- nyetso ko yari amutunze koko. Rwemeje kandi ko umuntu urengeje imyaka y’ubukure atavuga ko adashoboye kwitunga atagaragaje impamvu idasanzwe, kandi akabitangira ibimenyetso bifatika nk’inyandiko zo kwa muganga zerekana niba afite ubumuga, uburwayi cyangwa ikindi kibazo kidasanzwe cyatuma ati- beshaho. (igika cya 28 cy’ urubanza rwavuzwe haruguru). [18] Ku birebana n’ibimenyetso bigomba gutangwa byerekana ko usaba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu yari asanzwe atunzwe na nyakwigendera, mu rubanza rwari hagati ya SORAS AG Ltd, ubu yahindutse SANLAM AG Plc4, na Umuhoza Pacifique n’abandi, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko inyandiko yatanzwe n’Umuyobozi w’Umurenge ataricyo kimenyetso gihamya ko abaregera indishyi bahabwaga ibibatunga mu buryo buhoraho (régulièrement) na nyakwigendera, ko icyo kimenyetso kitagaragaza impamvu idasanzwe yatumaga aba- tunga kandi bujuje imyaka y’ubukure, ko n’ubwo yaba yarabikoraga, byafatwa nk’ubufatanye busanzwe hagati y’abagize umuryango (entraide familiale). Urukiko rwanzuye ko inyandiko yatanzwe n’Umuyobozi w’Umurenge igomba kuba iherekejwe n’ibindi bimenyetso bigizwe n’inyandiko zose zemeza ibyo urega asaba zivugwa mu ngingo ya 9 y’Itegeko n° 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bi- genzwa na moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka5. 1 Urubanza rwaciwe n’ Urukiko rw’ ikirenga kuwa 17/3/2023, hasubirishwamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’ akarengane, haburana Mukagatare Regine, Uwambaye Clarisse, Uwimana Jaqueline, Iradukunda Claudine baburana na SANLAM AG PLC. 2 Igika cya 27 cy’ urubanza rwavuzwe haruguru. 3 Urubanza N° RS/INJUST/RC 00018/2022/SC rwaciwe ku itariki ya 27/01/2023, igika cya 21 n’icya 22. 4 Urubanza n° RCAA 0049/14/CS rwaciwe ku itariki ya 25/11/2016, igika cya 19. 5 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko mbere yo gutangira kuregera indishyi mu nkiko, uwangirijwe cyangwa abamuhagara- riye bemewe n’amategeko, cyangwa iyo yapfuye, abafite uburenganzira ku bintu bye, bishyuza indishyi uwishingiye

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[19] Ku birebana n’ uru rubanza indishyi zagenewe umubyeyi wa Nyakwigendera Ntirushwamaboko Emmanuel nkuko bigaragara mu cyemezo cy’ Urukiko. Mu isesengura mpamvu mu gika cya 16 na 17 akaba ari ntaho Urukiko rwigeze rusesengura ibijyanye no kuba uwahawe indishyi yari atunzwe na Nyakwigendera. [20] Nk’uko byasobanuwe mu manza zaciwe zagaragajwe haruguru, kugira ngo usaba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 naryo ryavuzwe haruguru azihabwe, agomba kwerekana ko yari asanzwe atunzwe na nyakwigendera, mu gihe afite imyaka y’ubukure, akagomba kugaragaza impamvu idasanzwe yatumaga amwit- aho, nk’inyandiko zo kwa muganga zerekana ko hari ubumuga afite, uburwayi cyangwa ikindi kibazo kidasanzwe cyatuma atibeshaho. [21] Ku bijyanye n’ Umubyeyi wa Nyakwigendera ari nawe wagenewe indishyi mbangamirabukungu nkuko bigaragara mu cyemezo cy’ Urukiko cy’ urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko rurasanga ubwo ku itariki ya 6/6/2020, Nyakwigendera Munyeshyaka Eric yakoraga impanuka agapfa, Ise Ntirushwamaboko Emmanuel yari akiri mu kigero cy’umuntu ugishobora gukora kubera ko yari afite imyaka 55 gusa nk’uko bigaragazwa n’icyemezo cy’ amavuko kiri muri dosiye y’ urubanza rwajuririwe kuko gihamya ko yavutse mu mwaka wa 1965, akaba nta kindi kimenyetso yagaragarije Urukiko cyerekana ko hari im- pamvu idasanzwe yatumaga adashobora kwitunga ku buryo yari atunzwe na nyakwigendera. [22] Ku birebana n’ikimenyetso uhagarariye abaregwa avuga kijyanye n’in- yandiko y’inzego z’ibanze y’uko Nyakwigendera ariwe wari utunze abasabye indishyi, Urukiko rurasanga icyemezo kiri muri dosiye y’ urubanza rwajuririwe cyatangiwe mu akagari ka Gabiro, umurenge wa Gishubi, akarere ka Gisagara aho ubuyobozi bw’ akagari bwemeje ko Nyakwigendera Munyeshyaka Eric ariwe wari utunze abagize umuryango (umubyeyi we n’ abavandimwe be ), Urukiko rusanga icyo kimenyetso ubwacyo kidahagije mu gihe kidaherekejwe n’ibindi bimenyetso byerekana ko koko Ntirushwamaboko Emmanuel yari atunzwe na Nyakwigendera, ko ariwe wamumenyeraga buri kimwe cyose (qu’elle était à charge de la victime) . Nkuko byasobanuwe mu manza zavuzwe haruguru hagomba kugaragara ibimenyetso bifatika nka mobile money, bordereaux yohererezagaho amafaranga n’ibindi. [23] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga, nta ndishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Ntirushwamaboko Emmanuel ise wa Nyakwigendera yagombaga guhabwa kuko nta kimenyetso gifatika kigaragaza ko yari asanzwe atunzwe na Nyakwigendera Munyeshyaka Eric, bityo kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaramugeneye indishyi mbangamibarukungu, iyo nenge ikaba igomba gukosorwa, izo ndishyi zigakurwaho. [24] Ku bijyanye n’ abavandimwe be nkuko bigaragara mu mwanzuro wa Prime Insurance Company ltd, Urukiko rusanga nkuko byavuzwe haruguru mu cyemezo cy’ Urukiko hagaragara ko zahawe Ise wa Nyakwigendera, akaba ari ntaho Urukiko rwavuze ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zagenewe aba- vandimwe be. Urukiko rukaba rwakibutsa ko ku bijyanye n’abavandimwe ba Nyakwigendera basaba indishyi mbangamirabukungu, urubanza RCA 0049/14/CS rwavuzwe haruguru rukaba rwarabitanzeho umurongo aho rwemeje ko hagomba ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko abazisaba bahabwaga ku buryo buhoraho ibibatunga na uwateje impanuka, cyangwa byaba ngombwa Ikigega cy’ingoboka ku binyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri bigendera ku butaka, binyuze ku bwumvikane, bakamwereka inyandiko zose zemeza ishingiro ry’ibyo ba- saba. […]

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Nyakwigendera, ko icyemezo cy’ inzego z’ ibanze, kidahagije hagomba kugaragara ibimenyetso bifatika nka mobile money, bor- dereaux yohererezagaho amafaranga n’ibindi. [25] Urukiko rusanga imanza zatanzwe n’ uhagarariye abaregwa zaciwe n’ Urukiko Rukuru n’ Urukiko Rwisumbuye aho indishyi zatanzwe hagendewe ku cyemezo cy’inzego z’ ibanze rusanga izo manza zitafafwa nk’ imanza z’ ikitegererezo kuri iki kibazo dore ko zitavuguruza imanza zaciwe n’ Urukiko rw’ikirenga ari narwo Rukiko ruri hejuru y’izindi. Bityo izo manza zikaba zitagenderwaho muri uru rubanza. [26] Ku bijyanye n’ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi aho uhagarariye abaregwa avuga ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zahawe abo ahagarariye zabazwe mu buryo budakwiriye, Urukiko ruhereye ko rwasanze n’izatanzwe zitari zikwiriye rusanga iyo ngingo nta shingiro ifite. B. Kumenya niba mu itangwa z’ amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe indishyi mu gushyingura harubahirijwe amategeko. [27] Ingingo ya 21 y’Iteka rya Perezida nº 31/01 ryo kuwa 25/8/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga ivuga ko: “Amafaranga atangwa ku wapfuye hamwe n'ayo gushyirwa mu bitaro yakoreshejwe mbere y'urupfù ndetse hamwe, igihe bibaye ngombwa, n'amafaranga yo gutwara umurambo, yose azishyurwa habanje kwerekanwa ibimenyetso bihamye, hakurikijwe uko biteye mu buryo bwumvikana. Ayo mafaranga azishyurwa abazaba bayatanze, mu rugero rutarenze inshuro cumi umushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko”. ingingo ya 2 y’ Iteka rya Minisitiri w’intebe n°124/03 ryo ku wa 27/07/2015 rigena ingano y’amafaranga y’ishyingura ku mukozi wa leta ivuga ko Iyo umukozi wa Leta yitabye Imana, urwego yakoreraga rugenera umuryango wa nyakwigendera amafaranga y amanyarwanda ibihumbi magana arindwi (700.000 ‟ Frw) imisoro yavanywemo yo kumushyingura. [28] Prime Insurance Company mu nama ntegurarubanza ivuga ko indishyi Urukiko rwazigennye rugendeye ku itegeko ritarebana n’ikiburanwa. Uhagarariye abarega avuga ko izo bahawe atazi zo bari guhabwa. [29] Urukiko rusanga mu kugena amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe mu gushyingura, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaratanze 700 000 frw, rushingiye ko ariyo asanzwe agenywa n’ Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe nº124/03 ryo ku wa 27/7/2015 rigena ingano y'amafaranga y'ishyingurwa ku mukozi wa Leta mu ngingo yaryo ya 2. [30] Urukiko rusanga mu ngingo ya 1 y’ Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe ryashingiweho n’ Urukiko ku rwego rwa mbere ivuga ko iryo teka rigena ingano y’amafaranga atangwa mu ishyingura ku mukozi wa Leta, kuba rero Urukiko Rwisumbuye ariyo rwashingiyeho rugena indishyi, Urukiko ruhereye ko nta kigaragaza ko Nyakwigendera yari umukozi wa Leta, rusanga amafaranga 700 000 frws yagenywe hagendewe kuri iryo teka atari akwiriye bityo iyo nenge ikaba igomba gukosorwa. [31] Urukiko rusanga mu kugena indishyi z’ ibyakoreshejwe hashingirwa ku ingingo ya 21 y’ iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryavuzwe haruguru kuko ariryo rijyanye n’ikiburanwa.

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[32] Urukiko ruhereye ko nta mpaka zihari ku bijyanye no kuba Munyeshyaka Eric yarapfuye kandi agashyingurwa , impaka zikaba ziri ku mafaranga yahawe umuryango we agendanye n’ibyakoreshejwe biturutse ku rupfu rwe, Urukiko rusanga mu gucyemura icyo kibazo, rusanga muri dosiye harimo inyandiko zimwe zigaragaza ibyemezo by’inzego z’ ibanze (attestation zitandukanye z’ amasano y’ abasabye indishyi muri uru rubanza, inyandiko mvugo y’ahabereye impanuka, raporo ya muganga ), Urukiko rugasanga kuri ibyo rudahakana ko hari ibyakoreshejwe bijyanye no gushyingura bityo mu bushishozi bwarwo rukaba rugennye 200 000 frw y’ibyakoreshejwe kuko andi yasabwe nta bimenyetso by’ikoreshwa ryayo byagaragarijwe Urukiko. C. Kumenya niba ikirego cyatanzwe na Huzineza Felix, Uyisabye Claudette na IYARUTINZE cyaragombaga kwakirwa. [33] Ingingo ya 20 y’ Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/4/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano, iz’ ubucuruzi, umurimo n’ ubutegetsi ivuga ko Urukiko ruregerwa hakoreshejwe imyanzuro iregera urukiko hifashishijwe uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bwabigenewe bikozwe n’urega ubwe, umwunganira cyangwa umuhagarariye. Icyakora, iyo bidashoboka, ikirego gishobora gutangwa urega ashyikirije urukiko imyanzuro iregera urukiko bitangiwe uburenganzira mu nyandiko n’umwanditsi mukuru w’urukiko ruregerwa. Icyo gihe, urega ategetswe koherereza urukiko kopi y’iyo myanzuro akoresheje umurongo wa interineti usanzwe, ikibazo cy’ikoranabuhanga cyakemuka, akabyuzuza nk’uko biteganywa mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo. [34] Me Rubayiza Fikirini Michel uhagariye abaregwa avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwanze kwakira ikirego cyatanzwe na Huzineza Felix, Uyisabye Claudette na IYATURINZE rushingiye ko bitangiye ibirego kandi bataruzuza imyaka y’ ubukure ko ibyo byatewe n’ uko babitangiwe na Se ariko ntaho muri IECMS yandikwamo uhagarariye undi. [35] Prime Insurance Company isaba ko abo batahabwa indishyi. [36] Urukiko rusanga nta kosa Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwakoze rwanga kwakira ikirego cyatanzwe na Huzineza Felix, Uyisabye Claudette na Iyaturinze kuko bataruzuza imyaka y’ubukure kandi bakaba baratanze ikirego mu izina ryabo bwite. Naho kuba Me Rubayiza Fikirini Michel avuga ko muri ICEMS hatajyamo uhagarariye undi, rusanga ibyo avuga nta shingiro bifite. Kuba avuga ko mu mwanzuro utanga ikirego ise ariwe wagitanze, ruhereye ko umwanzuro utanga ikirego urebwaho ari uri muri sisitemu ya IECMS kuko ariho ibirego bitangirwa, rusanga abo uko ari 3 bagaragara nk’ abarega kandi bataruzuza imyaka y’ubukure bityo iyo mpamvu y’ ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi akaba ari nta shingiro ifite. D. Kumenya niba indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza zifite ishingiro [37] Me Rubayiza Fikirini Michel asaba ko abo ahagarariye bahabwa indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza za 500 000 frw n’ igihembo cy’avoka cya 2 500 000 frw. [38] Ihame rizwi mu mategeko rivuga ko l'accessoire suit le principal6» tugenekereje mu kinyarwanda bishatse kuvuga ko ingereka rikurikiza iremezo rishamikiyeho. 6 https://cours-de-droit.net/le-principe-de-l-accessoire-en-droit-a128147092/, urubuga rwasuwe kuwa 30/5/2023.

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[39] Urukiko ruhereye ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe n’uhagarariye abaregwa nta shingiro bwahawe rusanga n’ indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka zisabwa nta shingiro zahabwa. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [40] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Prime Insurance Company Ltd bufite ishingiro. [41] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe muri uru rubanza nta shingiro bufite. [42] Rwemeje ko urubanza RC 00254/2021/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’ Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kuwa 30/5/2022 ruhindutse kuri bimwe. [43] Rwemeje ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zatanzwe mu rubanza RC 00254/2021/TGI/NYGE zikuweho. [44] Rwemeje ko amafaranga y’ ibyakoreshejwe mu gushyingura yagenywe ku rwego rwa mbere ahinduwe aho kuba ibihumbi magana arindwi (700 000 Frw) akaba ibihumbi magana abiri (200 000 frw). [45] Rutegetse Niyizibyose Jean Claude, Niyogushimwa Peruth, Ntirushwamaboko Emmanuel, UWITIJE Amos na Niyonsaba Angelique gusubiza Prime Insurance Company amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo ine (40 000 frw) y’ingwate y’igarama yatanze.