PRIME INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd v SHUMBUSHO

# PRIME INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd v SHUMBUSHO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2026-02-20 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC00027/2024/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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PRIME INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd v SHUMBUSHO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RS/INJUST/RC00027/2024/SC (Cyanzayire, P.J., Mukamulisa na Kalihangabo, J.) 20 Gashyantare 2026] Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka – Umuhango wo gusaba indishyi mu bwumvikane - Usaba indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe agomba kubanza kubahiriza umuhango wo gusaba kuzihabwa mu bwumvikane, kandi agatanga ibimenyetso bigaragaza iby’iyo mpanuka byafasha gusuzuma ubusabe bwe, by’umwihariko raporo ya polisi igaragaza uko impanuka yagenze. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza – Imanza mbonezamubano – Inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego - impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa ni igamije kugaragaza ko ikirego kitashoboraga kwakirwa, ikaba ishobora gutangwa aho urubanza rwaba rugeze hose, ikagaragazwa mu myanzuro cyangwa mu nama ntegurarubanza. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ku wa 08/02/2020, imodoka ya Toyota Rav4 yagonze moto yari itwawe na Shumbusho Dan, arakomereka cyane asigarana ubumuga buhoraho bwa 63%. Polisi yemeje ko impanuka yatewe n’umushoferi w’imodoka yari ifite ubwishingizi muri Prime Insurance Company Ltd. Shumbusho Dan yasabye indishyi mu bwumvikane ariko ntiyazihabwa, ajya kurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga asaba indishyi zisaga 37.9M Frw. Urukiko rwa mbere rwamuhaye 10.055.532 Frw, arajurira, Urukiko Rukuru rumwongera indishyi zigera kuri 18.113.345 Frw. Prime Insurance isaba ko urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane maze Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwongera kuruburanisha hasuzumwa ibibazo ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ikirego cya Shumbusho Dan cyaragombaga kwakirwa mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye n’uburyo indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zagombaga kubarwa. Prime Insurance ivuga ko imaze kubona ibaruwa isaba indishyi ya Shumbusho, yamwandikiye imusaba kuzuza dosiye yaburaga inyandiko mvugo ya ploice igaragaza icyateye impanuka, ariko ntiyabikora bityo ko ikirego cye kitagombaga kwakirwa kuko yagitanze hatabanje kubaho ubwumvikane. Ikomeza ivuga ko Shumbusho uretse kugaragaza icyemezo cy’uko yabaga muri koperative y’abamotari, nta kindi kimenyetso cyerekana ko yakoraga akazi ko gutwara abantu kuri moto bityo akaba akwiye kubarwa nk’utagira akazi kazwi. Shumbusho avuga ko yahaye Prime Insurance dosiye yuzuye harimo na raporo ya Polisi ariko yanga kumuha indishyi mu bwumvikane, akomeza asaba ko hagumishwaho icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuko rwakurikije amategeko mu guca urwo rubanza. Urukiko rwasanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego ishobora gutangwa aho urubanza rwaba rugeze hose. Rwasanze kandi Shumbusho yari umumotari wabigize umwuga kandi yaratanze ibyangombwa byose bikenerwa ngo ahabwe indishyi. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Usaba indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe agomba kubanza kubahiriza umuhango wo gusaba kuzihabwa mu bwumvikane, kandi agatanga ibimenyetso bigaragaza iby’iyo mpanuka byafasha gusuzuma ubusabe bwe, by’umwihariko raporo ya polisi igaragaza uko impanuka yagenze.

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2. impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa ni igamije kugaragaza ko ikirego kitashoboraga kwakirwa, ikaba ishobora gutangwa aho urubanza rwaba rugeze hose, ikagaragazwa mu myanzuro cyangwa mu nama ntegurarubanza. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza, nta shingiro gifite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 83, 84, 111; Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ingingo ya 3. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RC 00009/2022/SC, SANLAM AG Plc na Uwihanganye Jean rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/05/2023; RS/INJUST/RC 00014/2022/SC, Kwizera Eric na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/05/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yabaye ku wa 08/02/2020, ubwo imodoka Toyota Rav 4, ifite plaque RAC 291C yageraga mu Mudugudu wa Nyagacyamo, Akagari ka Muganza, Umurenge wa Runda, Akarere ka Kamonyi, ikagonga moto ifite plaque RD 886G, bigatuma Shumbusho Dan wari uyitwaye akomereka cyane, agasigarana ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 63% ndetse na moto ikangirika. [2] Inyandikomvugo y’uburyo impanuka yagenze yakozwe na Polisi, yagaragaje ko impanuka yaturutse ku makosa yatewe na Ndayambaje Jean Damascene wari utwaye imodoka Toyota Rav 4, ifite plaque RAC 291C, wataye umukono we, akagonga Shumbusho Dan amusanze mu mukono yagenderagamo. [3] Kubera ko iyo modoka yari ifite ubwishingizi muri Prime Insurance Company Ltd, ku wa 31/05/2021, Shumbusho Dan yandikiye ubuyobozi bw’iyo sosiyete asaba ko yahabwa indishyi zingana na 33.953.857 Frw zikomoka ku mpanuka batarinze kwiyambaza inkiko, ariko ntibyakorwa; bituma ku wa 07/08/2021, aregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga asaba ko iyo sosiyete yamugenera indishyi zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka zingana na 37.953.857 Frw, zikubiyemo 21.600.000 Frw y’indishyi, z’ibangamirabukungu, 1.080.000 Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’umutungo, 432.000 Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga, 2.160.000 Frw y’indishyi zo gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka, 1.800.000 Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, 1.650.000 Frw y’agaciro ka moto yangiritse, 3.231.857 Frw y’ingendo, kwivuza, gucumbika n’amafunguro, 2.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 4.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka.

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[4] Prime Insurance Company Ltd ntiyireguye ndetse ntiyitabiriye inama ntegurarubanza, maze bisabwe na Shumbusho Dan, Urukiko rwemeza ko iyo sosiyete iburanishwa idahari. [5] Mu rubanza No RC 00122/2021/TGI/MHG rwaciwe ku wa 14/04/2023, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwasanze: i. Ibisabwa na Shumbusho Dan by’uko mu gihe Urukiko rwamugenera indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu rwazibara rushingiye ku musaruro atahana ku munsi ungana na 10.000 Frw, bitahabwa ishingiro kuko ikimenyetso yatanze kitashingirwaho cyemeza ko ari wo musaruro buri munyamuryango wese yinjiza; ii. Kuba Shumbusho Dan atabasha kugaragaza umushahara yahembwaga na nyiri moto cyangwa umusaruro yinjizaga ukomoka ku murimo yakoraga, indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zigomba kubarirwa ku mushahara muto ntarengwa ungana na 3000 Frw nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza No RCAA 0049/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/11/2016. [6] Urukiko rwanzuye ko Prime Insurance Company Ltd igomba kwishyura Shumbusho Dan 10.055.532 Frw akubiyemo 7.077.179 Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, 1.080.000 Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro, 432,000 Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga, 540,000 Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, 176.353 Frw yakoresheje yivuza, 150,000 Frw y’ingendo n’amafunguro, 500.000 y’igihembo cya Avoka, 100.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 20.000 Frw y’ingwate y’amagarama. Urukiko rwemeje kandi ko Shumbusho Dan atasubizwa amafaranga ya moto yangiritse kuko atagaragaje ibimenyetso byemeza ko iyo moto ari iye. [7] Prime Insurance Company Ltd yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ivuga ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Shumbusho Dan kitagombaga kwakirwa n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga kuko mu byangombwa yashyikirije iyo sosiyete hatarimo inyandikomvugo igaragaza uburyo impanuka yagenze, yakozwe na Polisi. [8] Shumbusho Dan yireguye avuga ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 6, iya 84 n’iya 154 z’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, asaba ko iyo nzitizi itakwakirwa kuko itanzwe bwa mbere mu bujurire. Yasabye kandi ko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zabarirwa ku 6.444 Frw nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza No RS/INJUST/RC 00014/2022/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/05/2023. [9] Mu rubanza No RCA00021/2023/HC/NYZ rwaciwe ku wa 13/03/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwasanze inzitizi yatanzwe na Prime Insurance Company Ltd idakwiye kwakirwa kuko atari ndemyagihugu kandi ikaba itari no muri zimwe mu mpamvu zituma ikirego kitakirwa ziteganywa n’ingingo ya 83 y’itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru. Urukiko rwasanze kandi kuba Shumbusho Dan yarakoraga akazi ko gutwara abantu kuri moto nk’uko byashimangiwe na koperative GICOVIM yabarizwagamo, indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zigomba kubarirwa kuri 6.444 Frw nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza No RS/INJUST/RC 00014/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 18/05/2023.

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[10] Urukiko rwanzuye ko Prime Insurance Company Ltd igomba kwishyura Shumbusho Dan 18.113.345 Frw akubiyemo 14.614.992 Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, 1.080.000 Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro, 432.000 Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga, 540.000 Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, 176.353 Frw yakoreshejwe yivuza, 150.000 Frw y’ingendo n’amafunguro, 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga no mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, 100.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 20.000 Frw y’ingwate y’amagarama. [11] Ku wa 12/04/2024, Prime Insurance Company Ltd yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, isaba ko urubanza No RCA 00021/2023/HC/NYZ n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 13/03/2024, rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire amaze gusuzuma ubwo busabe, yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga asaba ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo, maze mu cyemezo No 195/CJ/2024 cyo ku wa 31/10/2024, yemeza ko rwoherezwa mu Bwanditsi bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kugira ngo ruzongere ruburanishwe. [12] Prime Insurance Company Ltd ivuga ko akarengane gashingiye ku kuba Urukiko rwarirengagije amategeko, kuko rwakiriye ikirego cya Shumbusho Dan kandi atarigeze atanga dosiye yuzuye ngo agenerwe indishyi mu bwumvikane, Urukiko rukaba rwarirengagije umuhango uteganywa n’Itegeko. Shumbusho Dan we avuga ko ibyasabwaga byose kugira ngo ubwumvikane bubeho byari byuzuye ahubwo ko Prime Insurance Company Ltd itagize ubushake bwo kumvikana. [13] Iburanisha ryashyizwe ku wa 14/01/2026, uwo munsi ababuranyi bitaba Urukiko, Prime Insurance Company Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Umuhoza Beatrice naho Shumbusho Dan ahagarariwe na Me Habimana Bonaventure, ababuranyi bajya impaka ku bibazo bikurikira: a. Kumenya niba ikirego cya Shumbusho Dan cyaragombaga kwakirwa mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye ; b. Kumenya uburyo indishyi Shumbusho Dan asaba zikwiye kubarwa ; c. Kumenya ishingiro ry’indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza. II. ISESENGURWA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1) Kumenya niba ikirego cya Shumbusho Dan cyaragombaga kwakirwa mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye [14] Me Umuhoza Beatrice uhagarariye Prime Insurance Company Ltd avuga ko nyuma y’aho impanuka yo ku wa 08/02/2020 ibereye, Shumbusho Dan yandikiye iyo sosiyete asaba ko yahabwa indishyi ku bwumvikane, amenyeshwa ko dosiye ituzuye kuko haburagamo inyandikomvugo ya Polisi igaragaraza icyateye impanuka (PV de Constat de l’accident), kandi ari yo yari gushingirwaho impande zombi zumvikana. [15] Avuga ko ibimenyetso Shumbusho Dan yatanze asaba indishyi mu bwumvikane ari inyandiko yo ku wa 31/05/2021 isaba indishyi, formulaire de consolidation des lésions ya CHUB yo ku wa 03/02/2021, inyandiko mvugo yo ku wa 10/02/2020 y’imenyekanisha ry’impanuka

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y’ikinyabiziga, Kopi y’indangamuntu ifite No 1196580015997134, Vignette igaragaza police d’assurance na Carte jaune y’ikinyabiziga. [16] Asobanura ko kuba Shumbusho Dan yaratanze dosiye ituzuye ndetse n’igihe asabiwe kuyuzuza ntabikore, ahubwo akihutira gutanga ikirego mu Rukiko hatanabanje gukorwa indi raporo ihinyuza iyo yari yatanze (contre expertise) kandi ari yo yari guherwaho habarwa indishyi, asanga ikirego kitaragombaga kwakirwa kuko kitari cyujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko, bityo ko kuba Urukiko rwarabirenzeho rukacyakira kigasuzumwa, asanga ari akarengane kuko hirengagijwe umuhango uteganywa n’ingingo ya 3 y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga. [17] Akomeza avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwanze kwakira inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego rwari rwashyikirijwe, ibyo rubikora rushingiye ku ibaruwa yo ku wa 31/05/2021 isaba indishyi mu bwumvikane kandi rutagaragarijwe aho Prime Insurance Company Ltd yamenyesherejwe imigereka y’inyandiko zivugwa muri iyo baruwa, ndetse zikaba zitanagaragara muri dosiye y’urubanza. Avuga ko Shumbusho Dan atigeze agaragaza ikimenyetso cy’uko yatanze iyo migereka, cyane ko ubundi buri nyandiko yose yakiriwe na Prime Insurance Company Ltd igomba kuba iriho umukono w’umukozi wayo wayakiriye ndetse na kashe yayo, bikagaragara kuri buri rupapuro. [18] Avuga ko nta nyandiko yihariye yandikiwe Shumbusho Dan imusaba ibyangombwa atari yujuje, ahubwo ko ibyaburaga yabisabwe mu magambo, akabwirwa ko inyandiko yari yashyikirije Prime Insurance Company Ltd zizahabwa agaciro ari uko azanye imigereka yavugwaga mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 31/05/2021 isaba indishyi mu bwumvikane. [19] Avuga kandi ko inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego yazamuwe bwa mbere mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza kuko ari bwo Prime Insurance Company Ltd yari ije mu iburanisha kubera ko itari yitabiriye iburanisha mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, ariko ko nta kibuza Urukiko kuyisuzuma kuko ari ndemyagihugu, kandi rukabona ko hari imihango itarubahirijwe iteganywa mu ngingo ya 831 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru mbere yo gutanga ikirego. [20] Me Habimana Bonaventure uhagarariye Shumbusho Dan yireguye avuga ko yakoze ibyo amategeko ateganya, ashyikiriza dosiye yuzuye Prime Insurance Company Ltd, ahubwo ko iyo sosiyete y’ubwishingizi ari yo yanze kumvikana nawe. [21] Avuga ko ibivugwa na Prime Insurance Company Ltd ko itamenyeshejwe inyandikomvugo y’uko impanuka yagenze (PV de constat) atari ukuri kuko ku wa 31/05/2021, umukozi wayo yakiriye ibaruwa isaba indishyi mu bwumvikane, kandi ko mu byo yakiriye harimo n’imigereka yavugwaga muri iyo baruwa ari yo inyandikomvugo y’uburyo impanuka yagenze (PV de synthèse d'accident ya police), uwo mukozi akanasinyira ko yakiriye dosiye yuzuye.

1 Ingingo ya 83 CPCCSA iteganya ko “impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa ni ingingo yose isaba kutakira ikirego cy’umuburanyi, hatinjiwe mu mizi yacyo, kubera ko adafite uburenganzira bwo kurega, nko kuba adafite ububasha n’inyungu zo kurega, ubusaze bw’ikirego, kurenza igihe cyo kurega, urubanza rwabaye itegeko cyangwa kudatanga amagarama, harabayeho amasezerano yo kwikiranura cyangwa iyo hari imihango itarubahirijwe iteganywa n’itegeko”.

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[22] Akomeza avuga ko kuva na mbere Prime Insurance Company Ltd itagize ubushake bwo kumvikana ahubwo ko icyo yakoze ari ugusuzugura Shumbusho Dan ibyo yasabye kuko abakozi bayo batemeraga no kumwakira. Yongeraho ko indi mpamvu ishimangira ko Prime Insurance Company Ltd itigeze igaragaza ubushake bwo kumvikana ari uko na nyuma yo kuregwa, itigeze yitabira iburanisha ndetse n’inama ntegurarubanza kandi yari yamenyeshejwe mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko, aho naho hakaba harashoboraga kubera ubwumvikane. Avuga ko ahubwo kuba Prime Insurance Company Ltd itaragaragaje ibyo inenga mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, ikaba ibigaragaza bwa mbere mu bujurire asanga bidakwiye gusuzumwa kuko ari ikirego gishya kandi ingingo ya 154 z’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, itabyemera. [23] Asoza kuri iyi ngingo avuga ko nta karengane kari mu rubanza Nº RCA 00021/2023/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza kuko urwo Rukiko rwafashe icyemezo nyuma yo kumva ababuranyi ndetse n’ibimenyetso rwashyikirijwe, mu gihe Prime Insurance Company Ltd yo itabashije kugaragaza ibimenyetso bivuvuguruza ibyo urundi ruhande rwatanze. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [24] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa ni ukumenya niba Shumbusho Dan yarubahirije ibiteganywa n’amategeko mu gutanga ikirego kigamije gusaba indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’ikinyabiziga cyari cyishingiwe na Prime Insurance Company Ltd, maze ikirego cye kikaba cyaragombaga kwakirwa. Urukiko rurabanza gusuzuma ariko niba Prime Insurance Company Ltd yarashoboraga kubyutsa impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa ku rwego rw’ubujurire. a) Kumenya niba Prime Insurance Company Ltd yarashoboraga kubyutsa impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa ku rwego rw’ubujurire [25] Ingingo ya 83 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa ari ingingo yose isaba kutakira ikirego cy’umuburanyi, hatinjiwe mu mizi yacyo, kubera ko adafite uburenganzira bwo kurega, nko kuba adafite ububasha n’inyungu zo kurega, ubusaze bw’ikirego, kurenza igihe cyo kurega, urubanza rwabaye itegeko cyangwa kudatanga amagarama, harabayeho amasezerano yo kwikiranura cyangwa iyo hari imihango itarubahirijwe iteganywa n’itegeko. [26] Ingingo ya 84 yiryo Tegeko yo iteganya ko umuburanyi agomba kugaragaza mu myanzuro cyangwa mu nama ntegurarubanza inzitizi cyangwa impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa, haseguriwe ibiteganywa n’amategeko ndemyagihugu. [27] Umuhanga mu by’amategeko wo mu gihugu cy’Ubufaransa Nicolas Cayrol, avuga mu gitabo cye “Procedure Civile” ko impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa (fin de non-recevoir) ishobora gutangwa aho urubanza rwaba rugeze hose, ikaba ishobora no gutangwa bwa mbere mu bujurire2.

2 “Selon l’article 123 du code de procédure civile (français), les fins de non recevoir peuvent être opposées en tout état de cause, c’est-à-dire à tout moment du procès, et donc même pour la première fois en appel”. Nicolas Cayrol: Procédure Civile, éditions Dalloz, 4è éd, Paris, 2022, P53

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Ingingo ya 123 y’Itegeko rigena imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano ryo mu gihugu cy’Ubufaransa isesengurwa n’uyu muhanga ivuga ko haseguriwe igihe byaba biteganywa ukundi, impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa (fin de non-recevoir) ishobora gutangwa aho urubanza rwaba rugeze hose, ariko ko umucamanza ashobora gutegeka gutanga indishyi uwo ari we wese waba yirinze gutanga iyo mpamvu ku gihe, mu rwego rwo gutinza urubanza3. Kuba iyi mpamvu yatangwa aho urubanza rwaba rugeze hose byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwo mu Bufaransa mu manza zitandukanye4. [28] Ibimaze gusobanurwa bigaragaza ko impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa ari igamije kugaragaza ko ikirego kitashoboraga kwakirwa, ikaba ishobora gutangwa aho urubanza rwaba rugeze hose, ikagaragazwa mu myanzuro cyangwa mu nama ntegurarubanza. [29] Ku bijyanye n’uru rubanza, Urukiko rurasanga impamvu yo kutakira ikirego Prime Insurance Company Ltd itanga ari uko hatabayeho umuhango w’ubwumvikane mbere yo gutanga ikirego, nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 3 y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga. [30] Urukiko rurasanga ibiteganywa muri iyo ngingo bigamije guha uwahohotewe inshingano yo gutanga inyandiko zose zigaragaza ibijyanye n’indishyi asaba, kandi ko agomba kubanza kwaka indishyi mu bwumvikane. Rurasanga uyu ari umuhango uteganywa n’Itegeko ugomba kubanza kubahirizwa mbere yo gutanga ikirego, impamvu iwerekeye ikaba yarashoboraga kubyutswa aho urubanza rwaba rugeze hose, bityo Prime Insurance Company Ltd ikaba yari ifite uburenganzira bwo kuyitanga mu bujurire. b) Kumenya niba Shumbusho Dan yarubahirije ibiteganywa n’amategeko mu gutanga ikirego kigamije gusaba indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’ikinyabiziga cyari cyishingiwe na Prime Insurance Company Ltd [31] Ingingo ya 3 y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga iteganya ko “Uretse igihe habayeho ikurikiranacyaha, hakurikijwe ingingo ya 9 y'itegeko N° 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye itangwa ry'indishyi ku bagize impanuka zitewe n'ibinyabiziga, uwahohotewe agomba, ku buryo budakuka, mbere yo gutanga ikirego mu rukiko cyerekeye indishyi zitangwa n'umwishingizi w'umushoferi uri mu cyaha, kwaka indishyi mu bwumvikane no kumuha inyandiko zose zerekana ko ibyo yaka bifite ishingiro, harimo n'inyandiko-mvugo igaragaza impanuka yakozwe na polisi”. [32] Ingingo ya 83 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya mu gika cya 4 ko: “impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa ni ingingo yose isaba kutakira ikirego cy’umuburanyi, hatinjiwe mu mizi yacyo, kubera ko adafite uburenganzira bwo kurega, nko kuba adafite ububasha n’inyungu zo kurega, ubusaze bw’ikirego, kurenza igihe cyo kurega, urubanza rwabaye itegeko

3 Art 123 code de procédure civile français: “Les fins de non-recevoir peuvent être proposées en tout état de cause, à moins qu'il en soit disposé autrement et sauf la possibilité pour le juge de condamner à des dommages-intérêts ceux qui se seraient abstenus, dans une intention dilatoire, de les soulever plus tôt”. 4 https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/juri/id/JURITEXT000038661055/ et https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/juri/id/JURITEXT000037846825/

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cyangwa kudatanga amagarama, harabayeho amasezerano yo kwikiranura cyangwa iyo hari imihango itarubahirijwe iteganywa n’itegeko.” [33] Ingingo z’amategeko zimaze kuvugwa zigaragaza ko usaba indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe agomba kubanza kubahiriza umuhango wo gusaba kuzihabwa mu bwumvikane, kandi agatanga ibimenyetso bigaragaza iby’iyo mpanuka byafasha gusuzuma ubusabe bwe, by’umwihariko raporo ya polisi igaragaza uko impanuka yagenze. [34] Urukiko rurasuzuma niba Shumbusho Dan yarubahirije umuhango wo gusaba ko habaho ubwumvikane uteganywa n’itegeko, kugira ngo ikirego cye cyo gusaba indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe na Prime Insurance Company Ltd cyakirwe. Prime Insurance Company Ltd ivuga ko uwo muhango utubahirijwe kubera ko Shumbusho Dan atatanze inyandiko-mvugo igaragaza impanuka yakozwe na polisi, yari gufasha gusuzuma niba ibyo asaba bifite ishingiro. [35] Muri dosiye hagaragaramo ibaruwa yo ku wa 31/05/2021, Me Habimana Bonaventure yandikiye Prime Insurance Company Ltd mu izina rya Shumbusho Dan, isaba guhabwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’ikinyabiziga cyari cyishingiwe na Prime Insurance Company Ltd, iyo baruwa ikaba igaragaraho kashe ya Prime Insurance Company Ltd n’umukono w’umukozi wayo wayakiriye, ikaba kandi yanditsemo ko ku mugereka hariho PV de synthèse d’accident + expertise ebyiri, icyemezo cy’umunyamuryango n’aho yivurije. [36] Urukiko rurasanga inyandikomvugo igaragaza impanuka yakozwe na polisi Prime Insurance Company Ltd ivuga ko itashyikirijwe, yari mu migereka y’ibaruwa iyi sosiyete yakiriye, kandi umukozi wayo akaba yarasinyiye ko yakiriye iyo baruwa akanateraho kashe. [37] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo Prime Insurance Company Ltd ivuga ko kuri buri rupapuro hagombaga kuba hariho kashe yayo n’umukono w’uwakiriye dosiye atari ukuri, kuko itabasha gutanga ikimenyetso cy’uko ari ko byagombaga gukorwa, mu gihe n’inyandiko yemera ko yakiriye ibyo bitagaragaraho. [38] Rurasanga kandi kuva ku wa 31/05/2021 Prime Insurance Company Ltd yakiriye ibaruwa isaba indishyi kugeza ku wa 07/08/2021 Shumbusho Dan atanga ikirego mu Rukiko, nta kintu na kimwe kigaragara muri dosiye cyerekana ko yaba itarakiriye inyandikomvugo ya Polisi y’uko impanuka yagenze, nko kuba uwakiriye ibaruwa yaranditseho ko nta migereka abonye, cyangwa se kuba yarandikiye Shumbusho Dan imumenyesha ko yatanze dosiye ituzuye. Rurasanga kuba Prime Insurance Company Ltd yari yakiriye ibaruwa, ari yo yagombaga kugaragaza niba hari ibibura, kugira ngo ubwumvikane bushoboke. [39] Urukiko rurasanga Shumbusho Dan yarakoze ibyo asabwa biteganywa n’amategeko kugira ngo ubwumvikane bubeho, ariko Prime Insurance Company Ltd ikaba yarahisemo kutamusubiza, bityo akaba yari afite uburenganzira bwo kugana inkiko kugira ngo abone ubutabera. [40] Urukiko rurasanga kandi kuva raporo ya Polisi igaragara muri dosiye yashyikirijwe Urukiko, iyo Prime Insurance Company Ltd igira ubushake bwo kumvikana na Shumbusho Dan ku bijyanye n’indishyi yasabaga, iba yarabikoze urubanza rutaracibwa.

## Page 9

[41] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa byose, Urukiko rurasanga Shumbusho Dan yarubahirije ibiteganywa n’amategeko mu gutanga ikirego kigamije gusaba indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’ikinyabiziga cyari cyishingiwe na Prime Insurance Company Ltd, bityo ikirego cye kikaba cyaragombaga kwakirwa. 2) Kumenya indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Shumbusho Dan akwiye kugenerwa [42] Me Umuhoza Béatrice uhagarariye Prime Insurance Company Ltd avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwatanze indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu rutagaragarijwe ibimenyetso bifatika, kuko Shumbusho Dan uretse kugaragaza inyandiko ya koperative yitwa GICOVIM avuga ko yakoreragamo nk’utwara abantu kuri moto, nta kindi kimenyetso yigeze agaragariza Urukiko cyemeza ko, koko yakoraga ako kazi ku buryo budashidikanywaho, bityo agasanga Urukiko rwarirengagije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 125 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru ndetse n’iya 3 y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 naryo ryavuzwe haruguru6. [43] Asobanura ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rutari kugena indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RC 00014/2022/SC7 rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/05/2023, kuko Shumbusho Dan yafashwe nk’ukora umurimo wo gutwara abantu kuri moto nk’uwabigize umwuga ndetse afatwa nk’ukoresha moto ye, kandi nyamara nta bimenyetso simusiga yarugaragarije birimo nko kuba moto yari imwanditseho, kuba yarakoze imenyekanisha ry’umusoro yari ategetswe kwishyura nk’uko byagarutsweho muri uwo murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Avuga ko umusaruro umuntu atahana utagaragazwa n’ikimenyetso cya koperative, ahubwo Shumbusho Dan yagombaga kugaragaza inyandiko ziturutse mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro. Asanga rero Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwarashingiye ku murongo udafite aho uhuriye n’icyaburanwaga, rugafata ibintu uko bitari, bikaba byaratumye rufata icyemezo kinyuranyije n’Itegeko ndetse nta n’ibimenyetso bifatika rushingiyeho. [44] Avuga kandi ko kuba Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwaratanze amafaranga yiswe ay’ibyakoreshejwe kubera impanuka, rwirengagiza ko hatabayeho umuhango w’ubwumvikane ngo agibweho impaka, asaba ko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwatesha agaciro ndishyi zose zatanzwe kuko zagenwe hirengagijwe amategeko n’ibimenyetso. Asaba kandi ko Prime Insurance Company Ltd yasubizwa amafaranga yose kuko urubanza rwamaze kurangizwa.

5 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko “Urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda.” 6 Ingingo ya 3 y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga iteganya ko “Uretse igihe habayeho ikurikiranacyaha, hakurikijwe ingingo ya 9 y'itegeko n° 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye itangwa ry'indishyi ku bagize impanuka zitewe n'ibinyabiziga, uwahohotewe agomba, ku buryo budakuka, mbere yo gutanga ikirego mu Rukiko cyerekeye indishyi zitangwa n'umwishingizi w'umushoferi uri mu cyaha, kwaka indishyi mu bwumvikane no kumuha inyandiko zose zerekana ko ibyo yaka bifite ishingiro, harimo n'inyandiko-mvugo igaragaza impanuka yakozwe na polisi. 7 Urubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RC 00014/2022/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/05/2023 haburana Kwizera Eric na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwasanze amafaranga atahanwa ku mwaka n’umuntu utunze moto, hamaze kuvanwamo umusoro ku musaruro n’umusoro w’ipatanti, angana na 2.400.000 Frw - 72.000 Frw- 8.000 Frw = 2.320.000 Frw. Hemejwe ko ku kwezi umuntu utunze moto atahana 2.320.000 Frw: 12 = 193.333 Frw ku kwezi; naho ku munsi agatahana 193.333 Frw: 30 = 6.444 Frw.

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[45] Me Habimana Bonaventure uhagarariye Shumbusho Dan yireguye avuga ko indishyi zose yagenewe zifite ishingiro kuko haba mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga ndetse no mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza Prime Insurance Company Ltd itigeze inenga icyemezo cyatanzwe na koperative GICOVIM yabarizwagamo gihamya ko akazi yakoraga, yagakoraga kinyamwuga. Akomeza avuga ko iyo sosiyete itigeze igaragariza Urukiko ibimenyetso byerekana ko atakoraga uwo mwuga kandi mu by’ukuri yaragonzwe ari mu kazi ke ka buri munsi. [46] Asoza kuri iyi ngingo avuga ko ingingo ya 12 y’ Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 yagarutsweho, idaha inshingano uruhande rumwe gusa, ahubwo ko isaba n’urundi ruhande kugaragaza ibimenyetso rushingiraho. Asanga rero kuba Prime Insurance Company Ltd yariyambuye uburenganzira yari ifite bwo kwiregura, ikananirwa kugaragaza ko Shumbusho Dan atakoraga akazi ko gutwara abantu kuri moto ndetse ntinabashe kugaragaza ko indishyi yagenewe zitari zikwiriye, asanga ibivugwa na Prime Insurance Company Ltd bidakwiriye gufatwa nk’akarengane. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [47] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa ni ukumenya umusaruro ukwiye guherwaho Shumbusho Dan abarirwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu. Prime Insurance Company Ltd ivuga ko mu kubarira Shumbusho Dan indishyi, atafatwa nk’utwara moto wabigize umwuga mu gihe we avuga ko ari wo mwuga yakoraga. [48] Urukiko rusanga Shumbusho Dan yarakoze impanuka atwaye moto, akaba yari n’umunyamuryango wa Koperative y’abakora umwuga wo gutwara moto yitwa GICOVIM, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandiko yayo yo ku wa 02/04/2021, akaba rero gomba kubarirwa indishyi nk’utwara moto wabigize umwuga. [49] Ikibazo kijyanye no kubara indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ku muntu ukora umwuga wo gutwara abantu kuri moto, cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RC 00009/2022/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/05/2023, haburana SANLAM AG Plc na Uwihanganye Jean. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwasesenguye ingingo zinyuranye z’amategeko, rugaragaza ko umusaruro utahanwa ku munsi n’umuntu ukora umwuga wo gutwara abantu kuri moto ungana na 6.444 Frw8. Umurongo watanzwe muri uru rubanza, ni nawo watanzwe mu rubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RC 00014/2022/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/05/2023, haburana Kwizera Eric na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd9, n’ubwo muri urwo rubanza hari ahagiye hakoreshwa ijambo utunze moto. [50] Hakurikijwe uyu murongo, Urukiko rusanga mu gihe byemejwe ko Shumbusho Dan yakoraga umwuga wo gutwara abantu kuri moto, umusaruro ugomba guherwaho abarirwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ari 6.444 Frw ku munsi. Urukiko rurasanga rero, hagomba kugumaho indishyi zibariwe kuri uyu musaruro, nk’uko zabazwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, mu buryo bukurikira:

8 Urubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RC 00009/2022/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/05/2023, haburana SANLAM AG Plc na Uwihanganye Jean, ibika bya 14-27. 9 Urubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RC 00014/2022/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/05/2023, haburana Kwizera Eric na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd., ibika bya 21 - 27

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6.444 Frw x 30 x 12 x 40 x 63% = 14.614.992 Frw 1+(7,5% x 40) [51] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe, Urukiko rurasanga indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Shumbusho Dan akwiye kugenerwa zingana na 14.614.992 Frw10. 3) Kumenya ishingiro ry’indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza [52] Shumbusho Dan avuga ko kuba Prime Insurance Company Ltd ikomeje kumushora mu manza zidafite ishingiro bimutera igihombo, bityo agasaba ko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwamugenera 800.000 Frw yo gusiragizwa mu manza na 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. [53] Prime Insurance Company Ltd ivuga ko amafaranga y’ikurikirana rubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka Shumbusho Dan asaba adakwiye kuyahabwa kuko ari uburenganzira bw’umuburanyi gusaba ko yarenganurwa mu gihe abona hari ibyo yarenganyijweho. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [54] Ingingo ya 111 y’itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ibi bikurikira: “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo”. [55] Urukiko rurasanga iyi ngingo yemerera umuburanyi mu rubanza gusaba gusubizwa amafaranga yakoresheje mu rubanza, bityo Shumbusho Dan akaba akwiye guhabwa 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko kuko 800.000 Frw asaba atayasobanura, na 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka nk’uko yayasabye, kuko atsinda uru rubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [56] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Prime Insurance Company Ltd gisaba gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza Nº RCA 00021/2023/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 13/03/2024 nta shingiro gifite; [57] Rwemeje ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza Nº RCA 00021/2023/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 13/03/2024 rukaba rugomba kurangizwa uko rwategetse, Shumbusho Dan akaba agomba guhabwa indishyi zikurikira: a. Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu:14.614.992 Frw; b. Indishyi z’akababaro: 1.080.000 Frw; c. Indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga: 432.000 Frw; d. Indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi: 540.000 Frw;

10 Prime Insurance Company Ltd yaburanye ivuga ko yamaze kwishyura Shumbusho Dan aya mafaranga.

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e. Amafaranga yakoresheje yivuza: 176.353; f. Amafaranga y’ingendo n’amafunguro: 150.000; g. Igihembo cya Avoka mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye no mu Rukiko Rukuru: 1.000.000 Frw; h. Amafaranga 100.000 y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ingwate y’amagarama 20.000, yose hamwe akaba 18.113.345 Frw. [58] Rutegetse Prime Insurance Company Ltd guha Shumbusho Dan 18.113.345 Frw nk’uko yasobanuwe haruguru; [59] Rutegetse Prime Insurance Company Ltd guha Shumbusho Dan 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka.