RADIANT vs CWINYAAI [

# RADIANT vs CWINYAAI [

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-10-19 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00024/2024/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

## Text

## Page 1

RADIANT vs CWINYAAI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’Ikirenga – RS/INJUST/RC 00024/2024/SC (Hitiyaremye, P.J; Cyanzayire na Kazungu J.) 19 Ukuboza 2025] Amategeko Mbonezamubano – Ubwishingizi – indishyi – indishyi mbangamirabukungu – Uwakomerekejwe n’impanuka akagira ubumuga buhoraho buri munsi ya 30%, ahabwa Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zibazwe hashingiye ku mushahara muto ntarengwa w’umwaka (SMIG). Amategeko Mbonezamubano – Ubwishingizi – Indishyi – Indishyi mbangamiraburambe – kugira ngo usaba indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi ashobore kuzigenerwa, agomba kugaragaza ko koko hari akazi yari afite ako ariko kose, ndetse n’ingaruka impanuka yamugizeho yatumye agatakaza, agahindura, agakora mu buryo buvunanye cyangwa ko yaba atagishoboye kuzamurwa mu ntera. Amategeko Mbonezamubano – Ubwishingizi – Indishyi – Indishyi mbangamiraburambe – Umukozi abarirwa indishyi mbangamiraburambe mu kazi hashingiwe ku mushahara umukozi atahana (rémunération nette). Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Cwinyaai arega Radiant mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, asaba indishyi zitandukanye kubera impanuka yatewe n’imodoka ibereye umwishingizi akayikomerekeramo, ikamusigira ubumuga bwa 12% n’ibangamira ry’uburanga riri ku gipimo cya 1/6. Yanasabye Urukiko gutegeka Radiant kumusubiza mafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe, byose hamwe bingana na 6.177.051Frw. Ikirego yagitanze nyuma yuko asabye indishyi Radiant mu bwumvikane ariko ntibyashoboka. Urukiko mu rubanza RC00488/2020/TGI/NYGE rwemeje ko ikirego cya Cwinyaai gifite ishingiro, rutegeka Radiant kumwishyura indishyi zitandukanye zingana na 3.6471.51Frw. Radiant ntiyanyuzwe n’iyi mikirize y’urubanza irujuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, ivuga ko Urukiko rwabariye indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ku mushahara mbumbe w’ukwezi wa Cwinyaai ungana na 185.907Frw, aho gushingira ku mushahara muto ntarengwa w’umwaka (SMIG) kuko afite ubumuga buhoraho buri munsi ya30%. Ivuga kandi ko Urukiko mu rubanza rujuririrwa rwarategetse Radiant kwishyura Cwinyaai indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi kandi atagaragaza amasezerano y’umurimo, isaba ko niba n’Urukiko ruzitanze rwazibarira ku mushahara muto ntarengwa w’umwaka (SMIG). Cwinyaai yireguye avuga ko Ubujurire bwa Radiant nta shingiro bufite kuko ntacyo Urukiko rwirengagije. Urukiko mu rubanza RCA00344/2021/HC/KIG, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Radiant nta shingiro bufite, ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rudahindutse. Radiant yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire isaba gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RCA00344/2021/HC/KIG kuko rurimo akarengane, Nawe Nyuma yo kubisuzuma yandikira Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga asaba ko rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze mu cyemezo n° 191/CJ/2024, yemeza ko rwongera kuburanishwa n’urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Radiant ivuga ko akarengane gashingiye ku kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwarabariye Cwinyaai indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hashingiwe ku mushahara mbumbe wa 185.907Frw nyamara yaragombaga kubarirwa kuri SMIG ya 3.000Frw ku munsi kuko yagize ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 12%, ivuga kandi ko yarenganijwe nuko Urukiko mu rubanza rusubirirshwamo rwategetse Radiant kwishyura Cwinyaai indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi kandi atagaragaza amasezerano y’umurimo, isaba ko niba n’Urukiko ruzitanze rwazibarira ku mushahara muto ntarengwa w’umwaka (SMIG).

## Page 2

Urubanza rwaburanishijwe Cwinyaai itatabye ariko yarahamagajwe mu buryo bukurikije Amategeko ahatazwi. Urukiko mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00024/2024/SC rwemeza ko ikirego cya Radiant cyo Gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Uwakomerekejwe n’impanuka akagira ubumuga buhoraho buri munsi ya 30%, ahabwa Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zibazwe hashingiye ku mushahara muto ntarengwa w’umwaka (SMIG). Bityo, indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zibarwa hashingiwe ku Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga riteganya ko iyo hari ubumuga buhoraho buri munsi ya 30% hashingirwa kuri SMIG, naho iyo ubumuga buhoraho burengeje 30% kandi uwahohotewe akora umurimo ahemberwa, hashingirwa ku mushahara we. 2. kugira ngo usaba indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi ashobore kuzigenerwa, agomba kugaragaza ko koko hari akazi yari afite ako ari ko kose, ndetse n’ingaruka impanuka yamugizeho yatumye agatakaza, agahindura, agakora mu buryo buvunanye cyangwa ko yaba atagishoboye kuzamurwa mu ntera. Bityo, kugira ngo usaba indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi ashobore kuzigenerwa, yerekana ko yarafite akazi bigaragazwa mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose. 3. Umukozi abarirwa indishyi mbangamiraburambe mu kazi hashingiwe ku mushahara umukozi atahana (rémunération nette). Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, ryagengaga umurimo mu Rwanda Ingingo ya 3,2°, 11 Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ingingo ya 2,19 Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00026/2022/SC, haburana Rubayiza Jean Paul na SONARWA GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY LTD rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’ikirenga ku wa 24/04/2023, Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00006/2024/SC, haburana SANLAM ASSURANCES GENERALES Plc na Ndayisaba Mathieu, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/03/2025 Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00007/2023/SC, haburana Mukaneza Clarisse na RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 05/04/2024, igika cya 16,53 na 55 Urubanza N° RS/INJUST/RC 00019/2024/SC, haburana Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 17/04/2025 igika cya 30. Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: NSENGIYUMVA Métusera, Droit Social, Manuels de droit Rwandais, 1983, p.35 S. BAEYENS, J.-L. FAGNART, C. JAUMAIN, M. VANDEWEERDT, Brugge/Belgique, 2017, la Charte, p.14) ». Thierry PAPART et Bernard CEULEMANS, Vade-mecum du Tribunal de Police, Liège/Belgique, 2021, éditeur Wolters Kluwer, p.752. Urubanza. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA. [1] Ku wa 20/09/2019, imodoka RAD 044 K ifite ubwishingizi muri Radiant yakoze impanuka, Cwinyaai Raymond ayikomerekeramo bimuviramo ubumuga buhoraho bwa 12%, n’ibangamira ry’uburanga riri ku gipimo cya 1/6.

## Page 3

[2] Cwinyaai Raymond yasabye Radiant indishyi n’ubundi burenganzira akomora kuri iyo mpanuka biteganywa n’amategeko, ubwumvikane ntibwashoboka bituma hiyambazwa inkiko. [3] Cwinyaai Raymond yareze Radiant mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, asaba indishyi no gusubizwa ibyakoreshejwe, byose hamwe bingana na 6.177.051Frw, ikirego cyandikwa kuri N° RC 00488/2020/TGI/NYGE. [4] Ku wa 24/09/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cya Cwinyaai Raymond gifite ishingiro, rutegeka Radiant kumwishyura indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zingana na 1.338.530Frw, indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 108.000Frw, indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zingana na 1.115.5442Frw, amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe akubiyemo ayo kwivuza, ingendo no kugura dosiye 465.079Frw, igihembo cya Avoka 500.000Frw, amafaranga y'ikurikiranarubanza 100.000Frw n’ay’igarama 20.000Frw. [5] Mu mpamvu Urukiko rwashingiyeho ruca urubanza, iy’ingenzi ikwiye kwibutswa hano ni uko rwabariye indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu n’iz’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi ku mushahara mbumbe w’ukwezi wa Cwinyaai Raymond wa 185.907Frw, mu gihe Radiant yo yasabye ko indishyi n’andi mafaranga asabwa muri dosiye, Urukiko rwashingira ku biteganywa n’Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga (Iteka rya Perezida muri uru rubanza). [6] Radiant ntiyanyuzwe n’iyi mikirize y’urubanza irujuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, ishingiye ku mpamvu zikurikira : Kuba Urukiko rwarabariye indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ku mushahara mbumbe w’ukwezi wa Cwinyaai Raymond, aho gushingira ku ngingo ya 17 y’Iteka rya Perezida, iteganya ko iyo hari ubumuga buhoraho buri munsi ya 30%, indishyi zibarirwa ku mushahara muto ntarengwa w’umwaka (SMIG, muri uru rubanza) ; Kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwarayitegetse kwishyura Cwinyaai Raymond indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zidafite ishingiro kuko atagaragaje amasezerano y’umurimo, runazibarira ku mushahara mbumbe w’ukwezi wa Cwinyaai Raymond, aho gukoresha SMIG. [7] Cwinyaai Raymond yireguye avuga ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe idakwiye guhinduka kuko ntacyo Urukiko rwirengagije. [8] Ku wa 26/05/2023, Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza RCA00344/2021/HC/KIG, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Radiant nta shingiro bufite, ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rugumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose, rutegeka ko Radiant yishyura Cwinyaai Raymond 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka ku rwego rw’ubujurire. [9] Radiant yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire isaba gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RCA00344/2021/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 25/05/20231, nyuma yo kubisuzuma yandikira Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga asaba ko rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze mu cyemezo n° 191/CJ/2024 cyo ku wa 30/10/2024, yemeza ko rwongera kuburanishwa, ruhabwa RS/INJUST/RC 00024/2024/SC. [10] Mu myanzuro yayo, Radiant ivuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwageneye Cwinyaai Raymond indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zibazwe hashingiwe ku mushahara mbumbe wa 185.907Frw nyamara yaragombaga

1Kopi y’uru rubanza igaragaza ko rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2023

## Page 4

kubarirwa kuri SMIG ya 3.000Frw ku munsi kuko yagize ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 12%, nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 17 y’Iteka rya Perezida. [11] Radiant ivuga kandi ko adakwiye kugenerwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, kubera ko atagaragaza uburambe yatakaje mu kazi, ko kandi n’iyo yazigenerwa, zitabarirwa ku mushahara mbumbe kuko ikimenyetso cyawo yatanze gishidikanywaho, akaba aterekana ibimenyetso by’ingenzi birimo amasezerano y’akazi, aho umukoresha yishyuriye umusoro ku mushahara cyangwa se aho yishyuriye imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi. [12] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 10/11/2025, Radiant ihagarariwe na Me Nshimiyimana Odile, naho Cwinyaai Raymond atitabye, ariko yarahamagajwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko2, hasuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira : Kumenya indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Cwinyaai Raymond akwiye guhabwa ; Kumenya ishingiro ry’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi Cwinyaai asaba n’uko zabarwa ; Kumenya umubare w’amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe agomba gusubizwa Cwinyaai Raymond ; Kumenya ishingiro ry’amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza asabwa muri uru rubanza. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA

Kumenya indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Cwinyaai Raymond akwiye guhabwa [13] Me Nshimiyimana Odile uhagarariye Radiant avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwageneye Cwinyaai Raymond indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zibazwe hashingiwe ku mushahara avuga ko yatahanaga ungana na 185.907Frw hashingiwe ku cyemezo cy’umushahara yagaragaje. Avuga ko icyo cyemezo bakinenga kuba cyarashingiye ku kimenyetso kituzuye, ndetse izo ndishyi zikaba zaragombaga gutangwa hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 17 y’Iteka rya Perezida iteganya ko iyo ari ubumuga butagejeje kuri 30%, indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zigenwa hakurikijwe agaciro kagereranyije, ijanisha ry’ubumuga n’imyaka y’uwahohotewe ku itariki byemerejweho. [14] Asoza avuga ko bashingiye kuri iyo ngingo, ku ngano y’ubumuga bwa 12%, ku myaka 32 Cwinyaai Raymond yari afite mu gihe cy’impanuka, ndetse no ku mushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko, basanga indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zikwiye gutangwa ari 3.000 x 30 x 12 x 12% x 5 = 648.000Frw. [15] Ntabwo Cwinyaai Raymond yireguye kuri iyi ngingo kuko atitabiriye iburanisha, akaba ataranitabiriye inama ntegurarubanza. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Urukiko rusanga Radiant yemera ko Cwinyaai Raymond yahabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, ikibazo gisigaye kikaba ari ukumenya uburyo zabarwa. [17] Ingingo ya 17 y’Iteka rya Perezida iteganya ko : “Iyo ari ubumuga butarengeje 30%, indishyi y'ibangamirabukungu igenwa hakurikijwe agaciro kagereranije, ijanisha ry'ubumuga n'imyaka y'uwahohotewe ku itariki byemerejweho. Agaciro kagereranije kangana na : 1 x umushahara w'umwaka

2 Reba icyemezo cya Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga cyo ku wa 25/03/2025, gitegeka guhamagaza umuburanyi ahatazwi , cyantangajwe mu IMVAHO NSHYA on line yo ku wa 26/03/2025

## Page 5

muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko, iyo ari umuntu udafite impamyabushobozi ku mwuga cyangwa impamyabumenyi y'amashuri yisumbuye ; 2 x umushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko, iyo ari umuntu ufite impamyabumenyi y'amashuri yisumbuye cyangwa angana nayo ku rwego rwa tekiniki ; 3 x umushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko, iyo ari umuntu ufite impamyabumenyi y'amashuri makuru. Agaciro kagereranije bagakuba n'ijanisha ry'ubumuga. Umubare w'amafaranga babonye bakawukuba na: 7 iyo uwahohotewe afite imyaka iri hagati ya 16 na 19 ; 6 iyo uwahohotewe afite imyaka iri hagati ya 20 na 29 ; 5 iyo uwahohotewe afite imyaka iri hagati ya 30 na 34 ;4 iyo uwahohotewe afite imyaka iri hagati ya 35 na 39 ; 3 iyo uwahohotewe afite imyaka 40 cyangwa ayirengeje“. [18] Ikibazo nk’iki kirebana n’uburyo indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zibarwa cyanasuzumwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00026/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 24/04/2023, haburana Rubayiza Jean Paul na Sonarwa General Insurance Company Ltd, aho rwasesenguye ingingo ya 17 ivuzwe haruguru, rukemeza ko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zigomba gushingira ku biteganywa n’iryo Teka, kuko ari ryo risobanura uburyo abakomerekeye mu mpanuka bishyurwa: iyo hari ubumuga buhoraho buri munsi ya 30% hashingirwa kuri SMIG, naho iyo ubumuga buhoraho burengeje 30% kandi uwahohotewe akora umurimo ahemberwa, hashingirwa ku mushahara we3 . [19] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko impanuka yasigiye Cwinyaai Raymond ubumuga buhoraho bwa 12%4.Inerekana kandi ko nubwo Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Cwinyaai Raymond asaba zigomba gushingira ku ngingo ya 17, imibare rwakoze ishingiye ku mushahara mbumbe we w’ukwezi wa 185.907 Frw5 aho kubarira kuri SMIG. Muri dosiye kandi nta kigaragaza niba hari impamyabumenyi uregwa yari afite mu zivugwa mu ngingo ya 17 y’Iteka rya Perezida. [20] Urukiko rusanga hashingiwe ku murongo wavuzwe haruguru, Cwinyaai Raymond agomba guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zibazwe hashingiwe kuri SMIG kuko yagize ubumuga buhoraho buri munsi ya 30%, izo ndishyi zikaba zingana na 3000 x 30 x 12 x 12% x 5 = 648.000Frw. Kumenya ishingiro ry’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi Cwinyaai asaba n’uko zabarwa [21] Me Nshimiyimana Odile uhagarariye RADIANT avuga ko Cwinyaai Raymond adakwiye kugenerwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, kuko izo ndishyi zigenerwa umuntu usanzwe akora kandi wagaragaje ko habayeho gutakaza uburambe mu kazi cyangwa wari mu mashuri y’imyuga, mu mashuri makuru cyangwa andi angana nayo ashobora kwizera nk’uko biteganywa n‘ingingo ya 19 y’Iteka rya Perezida, Cwinyaai Raymond akaba nta na kimwe agaragaza muri ibyo. [22] Avuga ko n’iyo yagenerwa izo ndishyi basanga zitabarirwa ku mushahara mbumbe yagaragaje, kuko ikimenyetso cyawo yatanze gishidikanywaho kandi kidashyigikiwe n’ibindi bimenyetso nk‘amasezerano y’akazi, aho umukoresha yishyuriye umusoro ku mushahara cyangwa se aho yishyuriye imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi. [23] Asoza avuga ko igihe ibyo bimenyetso bidatanzwe Cwinyaai Raymond akwiye gufatwa nk’udafite akazi kazwi; bityo indishyi yagenerwa zikabarirwa kuri SMIG mu buryo bukurikira : 3.000 x 30 x 12 x 6 = 540.000Frw. [24] Cwinyaai Raymond ntiyireguye kuri iyi ngingo kuko atitabiriye iburanisha ntanitabire inama ntegurarubanza. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

3 Reba urwo rubanza ibika bya 23,24,26, 27, 28. 4 Reba Contre-expertise médicale de consolidation yo ku wa 03/2020. 5 Salary certificate yatanzwe na ZAYKA LTD URBAN CITY BLUE, ku wa 29/05/2020

## Page 6

[25] RADIANT ivuga ko Cwinyaai Raymond adakwiye kugenerwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi kuko atagaragaza ko yari afite akazi mu buryo budashidikanywaho, yaba kandi agomba kuzihabwa agafatwa nk’udafite akazi kazwi. Urukiko rurasuzuma niba akwiye kugenewa izo ndishyi, mu gihe yaba agomba kuzihabwa, runarebe uko zigomba kubarwa. Ku byerekeye ishingiro ry’indishyi [26] Ingingo ya 19, igika cya 4, y’Iteka rya Perezida, iteganya ko ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi (ritangirwa indishyi) ari: (i) ugutakaza amahirwe y’akazi (ku) umunyeshuri wo mu mashuri yisumbuye, wo mu mashuri y’imyuga, wo mu mashuri makuru cyangwa andi angana na yo ashobora kwizera; (ii) ugutakaza uburambe mu kazi ku muntu wari usanzwe akora. [27] Ingingo ya 2 y’iri Teka, iteganya ko uwahohotewe ukorera umushahara ari ukora akazi ahemberwa cyangwa umaze igihe kitarenze amezi atandatu adakora. [28] Izi ngingo zombi zumvikanisha ko umukozi ari umuntu ufite akazi akora kandi ahemberwa. [29] Ingingo ya 3,2° y’Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, ryagengaga umurimo mu Rwanda igihe impanuka yabaga, iteganya ko amasezerano y’umurimo ari amasezerano hagati y’umukoresha n’umukozi wiyemeza gukora akurikije amabwiriza y’umukoresha akabihemberwa umushahara. [30] Ingingo ya 11, igika cya 7, y’iryo Tegeko iteganya ko “Gihamya y’amasezerano y’umurimo ishobora kuba mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose“. [31] Nsengiyumva Métusera, umuhanga mu mategeko, mu gitabo cye Droit social, asobanura ko uburenganzira bwo kugaragaza amasezerano y’umurimo uko bishoboka kose, bigamije kurinda umukozi kwirukanwa cyangwa se kutishyurwa umushahara we bitewe n’uko nta masezerano yanditse ariho6 (mu gihe nta masezerano yanditse afitanye n’umukoresha we). [32] Mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00006/2024/SC rwaciwe ku wa 04/03/2025, haburana Sanlam Assurances Generales Plc na Ndayisaba Mathieu, uru Rukiko rwavuze ko kugira ngo usaba indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi ashobore kuzigenerwa, agomba kugaragaza ko koko hari akazi yari afite ako ari ko kose, ndetse n’ingaruka impanuka yamugizeho yatumye agatakaza, agahindura, agakora mu buryo buvunanye cyangwa ko yaba atagishoboye kuzamurwa mu ntera.7 Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwasanze Ndayisaba Mathieu yaragombaga gutanga ikimenyetso icyo ari cyo cyose cyashoboraga kugaragaza ko yakoraga akazi, urugero nk’ubuhamya bw’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze bw’aho yari atuye bwakwemeza ko yari afite akazi, ubw’abo yaba yarakoreye cyangwa yarakoranye nabo, igipande yahemberwagaho cyangwa momo yakiriragaho ibihembo cyangwa ikindi kimenyetso cyose yabona cyabyemeza8. [33] Ibisobanuro bimaze gutangwa biragaragaza ko uwahohotewe ari we ugomba gutanga ibimenyetso by’uko hari akazi yari afite, kandi agatanga ikimenyetso icyo ari cyo cyose cyabihamya. [34] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko ikimenyetso cy’uko Cwinyaai Raymond yakoraga ari icyemezo cy’umushahara mbumbe yahembwaga ku kwezi ungana na 185.907Frw cyatanzwe na Zayka Ltd Urban Cityblue. Urukiko rusanga icyo cyemezo gikwiye kwemerwa nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko yari umukozi igihe

6 NSENGIYUMVA Métusera, Droit Social, Manuels de droit Rwandais, 1983, p.35 : « La liberté de preuve est justifiée par le souci de protéger le travailleur qui se verrait licencié ou à qui on refuserait son salaire sous prétexte qu’il n’y a jamais eu de contrat écrit ». 7 Mu gika cya 24 8 Reba mu gika cya 28

## Page 7

yagiraga impanuka, kuko Radiant itabashije kukivuguruza, uretse kuvuga gusa ko gikemangwa kandi ntivuge icyo igikemangaho ; bityo akaba agomba guhabwa indishyi asaba. Ku byerekeye uburyo indishyi zigomba kubarwa [35] Ingingo ya 19 y’Iteka rya Perezida ryavuzwe haruguru, ku mukozi, iteganya gusa ko (uwahohotewe) ahabwa amafaranga angana n’umusaruro we w‘amezi atandatu kandi atarengeje inshuro 30 umushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko. Nta gisobanuro cy’ijambo umusaruro itanga. [36] Abahanga mu mategeko S. BAEYENS, J.-L. FAGNART, C. JAUMAIN, M. VANDEWEERDT, mu gitabo cyabo Tableau indicatif 2016, bavuga ko umushahara w’umukozi ushingirwaho mu kubara indishyi (zikomoka ku mpanuka) ari umushahara atahana, keretse iyo bigaragaye ko indishyi zizishyurirwa umusoro n’imisanzu yishyurirwa abakozi bingana n’ibyishyurirwa umushahara mbumbe9. [37] Abandi bahanga mu mategeko Thierry PAPART na Bernard CEULEMANS mu gitabo cyabo Vade-mecum du Tribunal de Police, bavuga ko iyo uwahohotewe asabye indishyi zo gutakaza umushahara yakoreraga, uburyo bwiza ari nabwo bukoreshwa n’inkiko, ari ukubarira indishyi ku mushahara atahana, haseguriwe imisoro yazishyuzwa n’ibindi umukozi agenerwa kubera akazi ke, atakaza10 (kubera ibyago byabaye cyangwa impanuka). [38] Ibisobanuro bimaze gutangwa bigaragaza ko umusaruro uvugwa mu ngingo ya 19 y’Iteka rya Perezida ari umushahara umukozi atahana (rémunération nette), akaba ari wo uherwaho mu kubara indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi. Uko ni nako izo ndishyi zabazwe mu zindi manza zitandukanye zaciwe n‘uru Rukiko11. [39] Urukiko rushingiye ku byagaragajwe byose, rusanga Cwinyaai Raymond agomba guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, kandi zikabarwa hashingiwe ku mushahara atahana (Salaire net). [40] Muri urwo rwego, inyandiko iri muri dosiye igaragaza ko umushahara mbumbe (salaire brut/gross salary) wa Cwinyaai Raymond wari 185.907Frw. [41] Iyo uwo mushahara umaze gukurwaho amafaranga ateganywa n’amategeko, harimo umusoro ufatirwa ku musaruro ukomoka ku murimo (TPR)12, umusanzu utangwa mu Kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubwiteganyirize bw’Abakozi (3%), umusanzu w’ubwishingizi bw’ibigenerwa umugore uri mu kiruhuko cyo kubyara (0.3%) n‘ umusanzu w‘ubwishingizi bw’indwara (0.5%), bigaragara ko umushahara

9 « […] le revenu professionnel sur la base duquel le calclul est effectué […] c’est le revenu net qui doit être pris en considération sauf s’il est démontré que l’indemnité sera imposée de charges fiscales et sociales équivalentes à celles frappant le revenu promérité » (Tableau indicatif 2016, S.BAEYENS, J.-L. FAGNART, C.JAUMAIN, M.VANDEWEERDT, Brugge/Belgique, 2017, la Charte, p.14 ) ». 10 « Lorsque la victime postule la réparation du préjudice subi à la suite d’une perte de revenus, […] la solution plus conforme, et du reste, plus généralement adoptée par les tribunaux, consiste à calculer l’indemnité sur la base du salaire net, tout en accordant des réserves pour les impôts futurs et la perte d’éventuels avantages sociaux » (Thierry PAPART et Bernard CEULEMANS, Vade-mecum du Tribunal de Police, Liège/Belgique, 2021, éditeur Wolters Kluwer, p.752). 11 Ingero z’izo manza ni urubanza No RS/INJUST/RC 00007/2023/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 05/04/2024, haburana MUKANEZA Clarisse na RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd, igika cya 16,53 na 55 n’urubanza N° RS/INJUST/RC 00019/2024/SC rwaciwe ku wa 17/04/2025, haburana MUKARUHUNGA NYIRANGERI Ange na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd, igika cya 30. 12 Kuva ku: 0 Kugeza ku:30,000 : 0% ; Kuva : 30,001 kugeza ku : 100,000 : 20% ; Kuva 100,001 Kujyana hejuru : 30% 12 Kuva ku: 0 Kugeza ku:30,000 : 0% ; Kuva : 30,001 kugeza ku : 100,000 : 20% ; Kuva 100,001 Kujyana hejuru : 30%

## Page 8

Cwinyaai Raymond yatahanaga (salaire net) ku kwezi uhwanye na 139.978Frw, akaba ari nayo agomba guherwaho habarwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi. [42] Kubera iyo mpamvu, indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi Cwinyaai Raymond akwiye guhabwa zigomba kubarwa mu buryo bukurikira: 139.978 x 6 = 839.868 Frw. Kumenya umubare w’amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe agomba gusubizwa CWINYAAI Raymond [43] Me Nshimiyimana Odile uhagarariye RADIANT avuga ko basanga Cwinyaai Raymond yagenerwa amafaranga yo kwivuza angana na 211.679Frw, ay‘ingendo 99.000Frw n’aya raporo z’abaganga 18.400Frw. Avuga ko basanga 140.000Frw atari ay’ubuvuzi kuko yiswe caution bikaba bigoye kuyahuza n‘impanuka, bakaba batayishyura adatangiwe ibindi bisobanuro. [44] Asoza avuga ko 99.000Frw y’ingendo, aya raporo z’abaganga 18.400 Frw ndetse n’ay’indishyi z’akababaro bayemera kuko afite ishingiro. [45] Cwinyaai Raymond ntiyireguye kuri iyi ngingo kuko atitabiriye iburanisha ntanitabire inama ntegurarubanza. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [46] Ingingo ya 13, igika cya 1, y’Iteka rya Perezida, iteganya ko amafaranga yo kwivuza, yo gushyirwa mu bitaro, yo kugura imiti, yo gutwarwa mu modoka itwara abarwayi, yo kongera kumenyereza umubiri, yo kugorora ingingo, y’ibyuma bikoreshwa, y‘insimburangingo n’ay’ingendo zo kujya kwivuza arihwa n’uwateje impanuka cyangwa umwishingizi we, hakurikijwe ibiciro biriho mu Rwanda. Agomba kwishyurwa n’abo bombi bamaze kubona inzandiko zibihamya, mu kwezi kw’iyakirwa ry’izo nyandiko. [47] Hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’iyi ngingo, RADIANT igomba kwishyura amafaranga yose Cwinyaai Raymond yakoresheje yivuza, ay’ingendo n’aya raporo z’abaganga yatangiwe ibimenyetso bihamya ko yatanzwe kandi afite aho ahuriye n’impanuka yabaye. [48] Muri ruru rubanza, RADIANT yemera kwishyura 211.679Frw yo kwivuza agaragara kuri „reçu pour facture“ yo ku wa 21/09/2019 yatanzwe n’ibitaro bya CHUK, 99.000Frw y’ingendo na 18.400 Frw ya raporo z‘abaganga. [49] Ayo itemera kwishyura ni 140.000Frw ari kuri „reçu de paiement“ yo ku wa 21/09/2019 yatanzwe na CHUK, handitseho „caution“, ikavuga ko basanga kubihuza n’impanuka bigoye mu gihe hadatanzwe ibindi bisobanuro. Urukiko rurasanga ariko iyo nyemezabwishyu yaratanzwe n’ibitaro bya CHUK Cwinyaai Raymond yivurijemo kandi ku munsi umwe n’uwo yahereweho iyo bemera. Ikindi kigaragara kandi ni uko ari “caution“, ni ukuvuga amafaranga yatanze kugira ngo ashobore kwemererwa kwakirwa mu bitaro. Bityo Radiant ikaba itavuga ko iyo nyemezabwishyu idashobora guhuzwa n’uburwayi Cwinyaai Raymond yatewe n’impanuka. [50] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rusanga nta mpamvu yo gukemanga inyemezabwishyu ya 140.000Frw ya “caution“ yishyuwe ibitaro, ikaba igomba kwishyurwa. Ku bijyanye n’igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza bisabwa muri uru rubanza [51] Me Nshimiyimana Odile uhagarariye RADIANT avuga ko mu Rukiko Rukuru RADIANT itari gutegekwa kwishyura 500.000Frw y‘igihembo cya Avoka kuko ubujurire bwayo bwari bufite ishinigiro, akaba asaba uru Rukiko gutegeka ko iyasubizwa, ikanagenerwa 1.000.000Frw akubiyemo 500.000Frw yo ku rwego rw’ubujurire na 500.000Frw yo kuri uru rwego.

## Page 9

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [52] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe, iteganya ko “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe.” [53] Urukiko rusanga iyi ngingo yemerera umuburanyi gusaba indishyi zishingiye ku rubanza, igihe arutsinze. Rurasanga ariko muri uru rubanza, indishyi Radiant isaba itazihabwa kuko hari ibyo itsindirwa. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [54] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Radiant Insurance Company Ltd cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RCA00344/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 26/05/2023, gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe ; [55] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RCA00344/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 26/05/2023 ihindutse gusa ku byerekeye indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu n‘iz’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi; [56] Rutegetse Radiant Insurance Company Ltd kwishyura Cwinyaai Raymond indishyi z'ibangamirabukungu zingana na 648.000Frw; [57] Rutegetse Radiant Insurance Company Ltd kwishyura Cwinyaai Raymond indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zingana na 839.868 Frw.