RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY LTD V NTEGEREJUMUREMYI

# RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY LTD V NTEGEREJUMUREMYI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-10-20 - Case/document no.: RCA 00008/2023/HC/RWG - Collection: High Court

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RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY LTD V NTEGEREJUMUREMYI [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU – RCA 00008/2023/HC/RWG (Mugeyo P.J.) 20 Ukwakira 2023] Amategeko mbonezamubano – ubwishingizi – indishyi – inyandikomvugo y’impanuka – Ntabwo umwishingizi yakwanga kwishyura indishyi ashingiye ku nyandikomvugo y’impanuka(p.v d’accident) gusa kuko agomba no kwita ku migendekere y’impanuka. Amategeko mbonezamubano – ubwishingizi – expertise – Iyo umwishingizi atakoze ibigomba gukorwa ngo hakorwe “contre expertise” igaragaza ikigero nyacyo cy’ubumuga uwahohotewe yasigiwe n’impanuka, hashingirwa kuri “expertise” ya muganga w’uwahohotewe Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Ntegerejumuremyi arega Radiant Insurance Company Ltd mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma asaba indishyizitandukanye, kubera impanuka yabaye ku wa 29/05/2017, mu murenge wa Muhazi, Akarere ka Rwamagana, imodoka ifite plaque RAB 483 B ikamugonga ahetswe n’igare ikamusigira ubumuga bwa bwa 68% agasaba indishyi umwishingizi ku bwumvikane bikananirana. Radiant Insurance Company Ltd yiregura ivuga ko, itaryozwa indishyi z’uwo itishingiye (uwari utwaye igare) wabaye nyirabayazana w’impanuka nkuko ngo bigaragara mu nyandikomvugo y’impanuka, isaba ko ikirego barezwe kitakirwa kuko harezwe utagombaga kuregwa. Urukiko mu rubanza RC00091/2022/TGI/NGOMA rwemeje ko ikirego cya Ntegerejumuremyi gifite ishingiro, rutegeka Radiant Insurance Company Ltd kumuha indishyi zitandukanye, zose hamwe zingana n’amafaranga miliyoni enye n’ibihumbi magana atandatu na mirongo itandatu na bitandatu magana cyenda na cumi n’atanu (4.666.915Frw). Radiant Insurance Company Ltd ntiyanyuzwe n’icyo cyemezo irakijuririra ivuga ko, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rutagombaga kwakira iki kirego kuko ‘’PV d’accident’’ yakozwe igaragaza nyirabayazana w’ impanuka ko ari uwari utwaye igare; kandi ko ndishyi zabazwe hadashingiwe ku gipimo cy’ubumuga bwagaragajewe na ‘’contre Expertise’’ kimwe n’índishyi z’ akababaro n’iz’ibangamiraburanga zabazwe hadakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 19 y’Iteka rya Perezida rigena uburyo bwo kwishyura Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuza zitewe n’ibinyabiziga. Yanasabye ko, Radiant Insurance Company Ltd igenerwa amafranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka. Ntegerejumuremyi yireguye mu bujurire avuga ko, impamvu z’ubujurire za Radiant Insurance Company Ltd zitahabwa ishingiro kuko itavuguruza ibyashingiweho mu rubanza rujuririrwa, avuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko rwasobanuye ko uwari utwaye imodoka yishingiwe ndetse n’uwari utwaye igare nta n'umwe waranzwe n'ubushishozi bitera impanuka bityo Urukiko rutegeka ko Radiant yishyura 1/2 cy'indishyi zose zagombaga gutangwa. Avuga kandi ko igipimo cy’ ubumuga cyashingiweho cyatanzwe n’umuganga wa Ntegerejumuremyi kandi cyameneyeshejwe Radiant ntiyagira icyo igikoraho. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Ntabwo umwishingizi yakwanga kwishyura indishyi ashingiye ku nyandikomvugo y’impanuka(p.v d’accident) gusa kuko agomba no kwita ku migendekere y’impanuka. Bityo, inyandikomvugo y’impanuka igaragaza ko umunyegare ariwe wateje impanuka ariko binagaragra ko n’umushoferi warutwaye imodoka yamugonze atagize ubushishozi buhagije bwo kwirinda iyo mpanuka, bituma uburyozwe babugabana, umwishingizi w’imodoka akishyura ½ cy’indishyi zemejwe. 2. Iyo umwishingizi atakoze ibikomba gukorwa ngo hakorwe “contre expertise” igaragaza ikigero nyacyo cy’ubumuga uwahohotewe yasigiwe n’impanuka, hashingirwa kuri “expertise” ya muganga w’uwahohotewe.

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Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Iteka rya Perezida N° 85/01 ryo ku wa 02/09/2002 rishyiraho amabwiriza rusange agenga imihanda n'uburyo bwo kuyigendamo, ingingo ya 26. Iteka rya perezida No31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, Ingingo ya 5 Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RCA00066/2021/HC/RWG, SANILAM AG Plc vs MUSONERA Augustin na bagenzi be, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 29 Werurwe 2022 Urubanza. I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yabaye ku wa 29/05/2017, mu mudugudu Kidogo, Akagari ka Nyarusange, Umurenge wa Muhazi, Akarere ka Rwamagana, intara y’i Burasirazuba, imodoka Jeep Mercedes Benz G Class RAB 483 B yari itwawe na Gatete Bosco, ifite ubwishingizi muri Radiant Insurance Company Ltd yerekeza i Kigali, yagonganye n’igare ryari ritwawe n’umunyonzi Bimenyimana Celestin yerekeza i Kayonza ahetse Ntegerejumuremyi Louis wakomerekeye muri iyo mpanuka bikabije anacika igufwa ry’ikibero, arivuza ariko agira ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 68%; Ntegerejumuremyi Louis ntiyahawe indishyi ku bwumvikane bituma aregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma. [2] Mu iburanisha ry’urubanza RC00091/2022/TGI/NGOMA, Ntegerejumuremyi Louis yaregeye indishyi zitandukanye zishingiye kuri ubwo bumuga yatewe niyo mpanuka naho Radiant Insurance Company Ltd yiregura ivuga ko, itaryozwa indishyi z’uwo itishingiye (uwari utwaye igare) wabaye nyirabayazana w’impanuka, isaba ko ikirego barezwe kitakirwa kuko harezwe utagombaga kuregwa. [3] Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rwakiriye ikirego cya Ntegerejumuremyi Louis, rutegeka ko, Radiant Insurance Company Ltd kumuha indishyi zose hamwe zingana n’amafaranga miliyoni enye n’ibihumbi magana atandatu na mirongo itandatu na bitandatu magana cyenda na cumi n’atanu (4.666.915Frw) zikubiyemo indishyi y’ibangamirabukungu, indishyi y’akababaro, indishyi y’ibangamira ry’uburanga, indishyi yo gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka n’amafaranga yakoresheje anagenerwa amafaranga y’ igarama ry’urubanza. Radiant Insurance Company Ltd yarajuriye. [4] Mu mwanzuro w’ ubujurire no mu miburanire ya Radiant Insurance Company Ltd iburanirwa na Me Mudahogora Angelique yavuze ko, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rutagombaga kwakira iki kirego kuko ‘’PV d’accident’’ yakozwe igaragaza nyirabayazana w’ impanuka ko ari uwari utwaye igare; na none ngo ndishyi zabazwe hadashingiwe ku gipimo cy’ubumuga bugenwe na ‘’contre-expertise’’ kimwe n’índishyi z’ akababaro n’iz’ibangamiraburanga zabazwe hadakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 19 y’Iteka rya Perezida rigena uburyo bwo kwishyura Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuza zitewe n’ibinyabiziga. Yanasabye ko, Radiant Insurance Company Ltd igenerwa amafranga miliyoni imwe (1.000.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka cy’amafaranga miliyoni imwe (1.000.000Frw). [5] Ntegerejumuremyi Louis, uburanirwa na Me Gatarayiha Simon Pierre yireguye avuga ko, impamvu z’ubujurire za Radiant Insurance Company Ltd zitahabwa ishingiro, kuko atavuguruza

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ibyashingiweho mu rubanza, hasobanuwe ko, yaba ari Gatete Bosco wari utwaye imodoka yishingiwe na Radiant na Bimenyimana Celestin uwari utwaye igare ahetse Ntegerejumuremyi nta n'umwe waranzwe n'ubushishozi ngo yubahirize amategeko agenga ibyo kugendera mu muhanda, ikaba ariyo nayo mpamvu urukiko rwategetse ko Radiant yishyura 1/2 cy'indishyi zose zagombaga gutangwa; naho igipimo cy’ ubumuga cyashingiweho cyatanzwe n’umuganga kandi cyameneyeshejwe Radiant ntiyagira icyo igikoraho. [6] Ibigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza: kumenya niba Radiant Insurance Company Ltd itaragombaga kuryozwa indishyi muri uru rubanza; kumenya niba indishyi zatanzwe zarashingiye ku gipimo cy’ ubumuga kitari cyo kuko zabazwe hadashingiwe kuri contre-expertise. II. SESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA A.Ku byerekeye kumenya niba Radiant Insurance Company Ltd itaragombaga kuryozwa indishyi muri uru rubanza hakurikijwe ibivugwa mu nyandikomvugo y’ impanuka (PV d’ accident) [7] Mu bisobanuro ku bujurire bwa Radiant Insurance Company Ltd, Me Mudahogora Angelique uyiburanira yavuze ko, yaciwe indishyi kandi nta buryozwe kuri iyo mpanuka bafite, ko ‘’PV d’accident’’ yakozwe ku wa 23 /08/2017, igaragaza nyirabayazana w’impanuka ko ari uwari utwaye igare witwa Bimenyimana Celestin akaba ariwe ugomba kubazwa indishyi zose zikomoka kuri iyi mpanuka, Radiant ikaba itagomba kuregwa kuko itigeze yishingira igare ryabaye nyirabayazana w’ímpanuka, ibyo bikaba bikaba binyuranye n’ ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 3 y’Iteka rya Perezida rigena uburyo bwo kwishyura Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuza zitewe n’ibinyabiziga. [8] Mu myiregurire ya Ntegerejumuremyi Louis, uburanirwa na Me Gatarayiha Simon Pierre yavuze ko, Indishyi zigomba gutangwa kuko, yaba ari Gatete Bosco wari utwaye imodoka yishingiwe na Radiant na Bimenyimana Celestin uwari utwaye igare ahetse Ntegerejumuremyi nta n'umwe waranzwe n'ubushishozi ngo yubahirize amategeko agenga ibyo kugendera mu muhanda, ikaba ariyo nayo mpamvu urukiko rwategetse ko Radiant yishyura 1/2 cy'indishyi zose zagombaga gutangwa, ibi bikaba byarasobanuwe mu rubanza. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA Ikigibwaho impaka kuri iyo ngingo ni ukumenya niba Radiant Insurance Company Ltd itaragombaga kuryozwa indishyi kuko mu nyandikomvugo y’ impanuka (PV d’ accident) havugwa ko nyirabayazana w’ impanuka ari uwari utwaye igare kandi itaramwishingiye [9] Mu nyandikomvugo y’impanuka yakozwe n’umugenzacyaha ku wa 23/08/2017, havugwamo uko impanuka yagenze, aho agira ati, (…), Gatete Bosco icyo gihe yari aturutse ahitwa Nyagatare yerekeza i Kigali ageze ahavuzwe agongana n’igare ryari riturutse imbere ye riva I Rwamagana mu cyerekezo yajyagamo, (…). Naho mu gishushanyo cyaho impanuka yabereye cyerekana mu gisate cy’ umuhanda cyaho iryo gare ryakubitaniye n’ iyo modoka Pc (point de choc) uva ibumoso bw’ imodoka ari kuri metero 5 naho uva iburyo bwayo ugana ku mpera z’ umuhanda hari metero imwe n’ ibice bibiri; byumvikana muri uko kugangana uwo munyegari yagize uburangare ahindura icyerekezo atabanje kumenya neza ko nta kindi kinyabiziga giturutse imbere ariko na none urebye icyo gishushanyo bigaragara ko yari hafi kurangiza kwambukiranya uwo umuhanda urebye agace yari asigaje niko gato ku gice cy’umuhanda yari amaze kurenga, ibi bikaba bigaragaza ko, umushoferi wari utwaye imodoka yagize uburangare bwo kutabasha guhagarika imodoka mugihe

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yabonye umunyegare yamaze kwinjira mu muhanda we kugirango atamugonga nk’uko ingingo ya 26 agace 1 y’ Iteka rya Perezida N° 85/01 ryo ku wa 02/09/2002 rishyiraho amabwiriza rusange agenga imihanda n'uburyo bwo kuyigendamo1. [10] Mu rubanza RC00091/2022/TGI/NGOMA mu gika cya [12],[13], Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwashingiye ku rubanza RCA00066/2021/HC/RWG rwa SANILAM AG Plc iburana na Musonera Augustin na bagenzi be, rwaciwe ku wa 29 Werurwe 2022, urwo rubanza rukaba rusa n’uru hemejwe ko nubwo habaye amakosa y’ umunyonzi w’igare ariko kandi uwarutwaye iyo modoka nawe yaranzwe n’ubwitonzi buke kuko shoferi w’ikinyabiziga w’umwuga afite inshingano yo kwitwararika mu muhanda ku buryo ikinyabiziga atwaye kitateza impanuka iyo ariyo yose”. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwasanze kuba Umwishingizi SANLAM AG PLC atagaragariza urukiko ko, bitashobokeraga shoferi w’iyo modoka guhunga kugongana n’iryo gare kubera nk’imiterere y’aho hantu habereye impanuka, bituma nawe abarwaho amakosa yo kugendera mu muhanda nta bwitonzi busabwa yubahiriza; urwo rukiko rwemeza ko habaho uburyozwe bungana ku mpande zombi, umwishingizi aryozwa ½ cy’ amakosa y’iyo mpanuka acibwa ½ cy’indishyi zose zatanzwe muri iyo mpanuka ari nabyo byashingiweho muri uru rubanza. [11] Mu mpamvu z’ ubujurire za Radiant Insurance Company Ltd ibyo byose bimaze kuvugwa ikaba itabivuguruza, ikaba itagomba guhagararira ku mvugo iri muri PV ivuga ko, nyirabayazana w’ impanuka ari uwari utwaye igare yirengagije isesegura ry’uko impanuka yagenze, bityo uru Rukiko rurasanga iryo sesengura ryakozwe ryuzuza iryakozwe haruguru byumvikanisha ko, Radiant Insurance Company Ltd itakwihunza uburyozwe bw’uwo yishingiye, bityo n’ubujurire bwayo kuri iyo ngingo bukaba nta shingiro bufite. B.Kumenya niba indishyi zatanzwe zarashingiye ku gipimo cy’ ubumuga kitaricyo kuko zabazwe hadashingiwe kuri ‘’contre expertise’’ [12] Me Mudahogora Angelique uburanira Radiant Insurance Company Ltd, na none mu mpamvu z’ ubujurire yasobanuye ko, indishyi zatanzwe hashingiwe ku gipimo cy’ubumuga cya 68% kitari cyo kuko zidashingiye kuri ‘’contre-expertise’’ kimwe n’índishyi z’ akababaro n’iz’ibangamiraburanga zabazwe hadakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 19 y’iryo Iteka; yanasabye ko, Radiant Insurance Company Ltd igenerwa amafranga miliyoni imwe (1.000.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka cy’amafaranga miliyoni imwe (1.000.000Frw). [13] Me Gatarayiha Simon Pierre kuri iyo ngingo yireguye avuga ko, Urukiko rwashingiye ku bumuga buhoraho bwemejwe na muganga kandi bwamenyeshejwe Radiant ku wa 22/07/2021 asaba indishyi imusubiza ku wa 25/08/2021 imuhakanira ntiyagira icyo ivuga k’ubumuga ngo ikoreshe ‘’contre-expertise’’ nk’uko amategeko abiteganya yatanze ikirego ku wa 16/08/2022 ntacyo ibivuzeho. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

1 Ingingo ya 26 agace ka 1 y’ Iteka rya Perezida N° 85/01 ryo ku wa 02/09/2002 rishyiraho amabwiriza rusange agenga imihanda n'uburyo bwo kuyigendamo iteganya ko, ‘’Umuyobozi wese agomba buri gihe kuyobora ikinyabiziga cye yitonze, kandi akaringaniza umuvuduko wacyo n'uko ahantu hameze, uko habona, imimerere y'umuhanda, imimerere y'ikinyabiziga n'ibyo cyikoreye, imiterere y'ikirere, ubwinshi bw' ibigenda kugira ngo uwo muvuduko utaba intandaro y' impanuka n' imbogamizi y' uburyo bwo kugenda mu muhanda. Agomba gushobora guhagarika ikinyabiziga cye akurikije aho ageza amaso n' imbere y’ inkomyi yose idatunguranye. gomba kugabanya umuvuduko kandi byaba ngombwa agahagarara bitewe nuko ahantu hameze nk' igihe hatabona neza, (…), kimwe ndetse n' igihe cy' ibisikana cyangwa cyo kunyura ku gatsiko k' abanyamaguru, k' ibinyabiziga bihagaze cyangwaishyo ry' inyamaswa n' igihe ari hafi y' aho abantu bateraniye.’’

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Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kuba indishyi zatanzwe muri uru rubanza zashingiwe ku bumuga bwemejwe na muganga nyamara butakorewe ‘’contre expertise ‘’ [14] Ingingo ya 5 y’ Iteka rya perezida N0 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga iteganya ko, ‘’ akimara kubona icyo cyemezo cyangwa ibyo byemezo, umwishingizi ashobora, igihe asanze ari ngombwa, kwitabaza undi muganga kugira ngo asuzume ibyo byemezo, uwo muganga kandi ashobora kwifashisha abandi baganga bamufasha gukora ibizami byihariye cyangwa bamwungura ibitekerezo. Umwishingizi agomba mu buryo bwose kumenyesha uwahohotewe mu minsi mirongo itatu ikurikira, icyemezo cye kuri gahunda y'ubuvuzi, cyangwa izina ry'umuganga we. (…).’’ [15] Iyi ngingo yumvikanisha inshingano za buri ruhande mubaregera indishyi n’abaziregwa n’igihe gitenganyijwe ku gikorwa cyo kuvuguruza ibyo umwishingizi yaba atemera ku byerekeye ubumuga uwahohotewe aba yagize, bivuze ko icyo gihe kirenze biba bigaragaza ko, nta kibazo aba abifiteho. [16] Urukiko rurasanga, uretse nuko, iyo ngingo ya Radiant Insurance Company Ltd itegeze iyiburanisha mu rwego rwa mbere ikaba itayiburanisha mu rwego rw’ ubujurire itarigeze iburanwaho mu rwego rwa mbere, ko nubwo yari kuba yarayiburanishije nta shingiro ifite kuko itigeze yubahiriza ibiteganywa niyo ngingo imaze kuvugwa, ikaba itakwitwaza imbere y’urukiko ibyo itakoze nta mpamvu ngo isabe ko bishyingirwaho bivuguruze ibyakozwe hubahirije amategeko kuko ubumuga buhoraho bwashingiweho n’ Urukiko bwemejwe na muganga kandi bwamenyeshejwe Radiant ku wa 22/07/2021 Ntegerejumuremyi Louis akabaya yaratanze ikirego ku wa 16/08/2022 ntacyo ivuze kuri ubwo bumuga. indishyi zatanzwe hashingiwe kuri ubwo bumuga bwemejwe na muganga nta kosa urukiko rwakoze, kimwe n’ indishyi zo gukurikirana urubanza Radiant isaba ikaba itazihabwa kuko yatsinzwe urubanza. Bityo iyo ngingo y’ ubujurire nayo ikaba nta shingiro ifite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [17] Rwemeje kwakira ubujurire bwa Radiant Insurance Company Ltd nyamara nta shingiro bufite; [18] Rwemeje ko, RC00091/2022/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma ku wa 31 Mutarama 2023 rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose; [19] Rutegetse Radiant Insurance Company Ltd guha Ntegerejumuremyi Louis indishyi zingana zose hamwe n’amafaranga miliyoni enye n’ibihumbi magana atandatu na mirongo itandatu na bitandatu magana cyenda na cumi n’atanu (4.666.915Frw) agizwe n’indishyi zikurikira: • indishyi y’ibangamirabukungu ingana n’amafaranga miliyoni eshatu n’ibihumi magana abiri na mirongo ine na bitandatu n’ijana na mirongo irindwi n’ane (3.246.174Frw); • indishyi y’akababaro ingana n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atatu na mirongo itandatu na birindwi magana abiri (367.200Frw); • indishyi y’ibangamira ry’uburanga ingana n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atatu na mirongo itandatu na birindwi magana abiri (367.200Frw); • indishyi yo gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka ingana n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu na mirongo ine (540.000Frw); • amafaranga yakoresheje angana n’ibihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bitandatu magana atatu na mirongo ine na rimwe (146.34Frw) n’ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere angana n’ibihumbi makumyabiri (20.000Frw). [20] Rutegetse ko, ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe muri uru rubanza ahwana n’ ibyakozwe.