RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd v NYAGAHAKWA N’ABANDI

# RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd v NYAGAHAKWA N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-10-28 - Case/document no.: RCA 00020/2022/HC/NYZ - Collection: High Court

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RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd v NYAGAHAKWA N’ABANDI [Rwanda – URUKIKO RUKURU – RCA 00020/2022/HC/NYZ (Hitimana, P.J.) 28 Ukwakira 2022] Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Imiburanishirize y’imanza – Guhagarariwa mu rubanza – Kwanga ibyakozwe n’uguhagarariye mu rubanza - Abunganira ababuranyi n’ababahagararira ntacyo bashobora gukora ngo cyemerwe iyo kirenze ububasha bahawe n’amategeko cyangwa kirenze ubutumwa bwabo. Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 86. Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Imiburanishirize y’imanza – Kunganirwa mu rubanza – Impaka zijyanye no kunganirwa - Iyo haje impaka zijyanye no kunganirwa ndetse uwari wahawe ubwo bubasha akamenyeshwa ko yihaye ububasha bwo guhagarararira kandi ataribwo yahawe, uburanisha ingingo ivuga ko ububasha bwatanzwe n’uhakana ubundi bubasha niwe ufite inshingano zo kugaragaza ubundi bubasha butemerwa n’uwabutanze. Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka – Indishyi mbangamirabukungu ku babyeyi ba nyakwigendera - Kuba nyakwigendera yari ingaragu kandi ababyeyi be bakaba badashobora kugaragza ibimenyetso ko hari umushahara yakoreraga buri munsi washingirwaho habarwa indishyi ariko bakaba bagaragaza ko ariwe babanaga ndetse hakaba hari ibyo yakoraga nubwo bitamuhaga umushahara washingirwaho, ntabwo akwiye kwitwa imburamukoro kuko hari ibyo yashoboraga gukora bimuha amafaranga amutunga n’ababyeyi be bakuze yabanaga nabo buri munsi. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ku wa 14/01/2020 ubwo Niyigena yari kuri moto yari itwawe na Twagirimana yagonze ikamyo yari yapfiriye ku muhanda arakomereka cyane ajyanwa kwa muganga agezeyo ahita apfa. Ababyeyi be n’abavandimwe be begereye Radiant Insurance Company Ltd aho iyo moto yari ifite ubwishingizi basaba indishyi mu bwumvikane harimo n’indishyi mbangamirabukungu zasabwaga n’ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera. Ntibabashije kumvikana na Radiant kubera ko yanze gutanga indishyi mbangamirabukungu ku babyeyi ba nyakwigendera ivuga ko nta kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera yari afite akazi kandi ko nta n’ikigaragaza ko ariwe wari utunze ababyeyi be dore ko hari n’abandi bavandimwe be bakuru bashobora gutunga abo babyeyi, abarega ntibanyurwa batanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge. Urukiko rwisumbuye rwemeje ko abarega bahabwa indishyi zitandukanye ndetse n’ababyeyi banyakwigendera rwemeza ko bahabwa indishyi mbonezamusaruro kuko bakuze kandi bakaba barabanaga na nyakwigendera mu rugo ariwe ubatunze. Uregwa ntiyishimiye imikirize ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko urukiko rwisumbuye rwirengagije ko habayeho ubwumvikane, ko kuba na none urukiko rwisumbuye rwaragennye indishyi mbangamirabukungu kandi nyakwigendera yari ingaragu, nta kigaragaza ko yari atunze umuryango we na cyane ko ababyeyi be bari bafite abana bakuru kuriwe benshi, bikaba bitumvikana uburyo ki ariwe wahiswemo ko yari atunze ababyeyi be kandi ariwe muto.

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Urukiko rukuru rwasuzumye ibibazo birimo inzitizi ijyanye no kumenya niba urukiko rwisumbuye rwarirengagije ko habayeho ubwumvikane hagati y’abareze na Radiant ko batagombaga kurega hashingiwe ku bwumvikane bari bemeranyijweho, gusuzuma niba urukiko rwisumbuye rutaragombaga kugena indishyi mbangamirabukungu. Urega avuga ko mu kuburana mu rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Radiant yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego ishingiye ku kuba abarega bahagarariwe na Me Munyurangabo bemeye indishyi mu bwumvikane bityo isobanura ko isanga nta mpamvu y'iki kirego kuko basaba icyo bemerewe bakanabisinyira mu bwumvikane. Abaregwa bavuga ko nta bwumvikane bwabayeho kuko tariki ya 04/06/2020, abavandimwe n’ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera bari hamwe na Me Munyurangabo bananiwe kumvikana na Radiant, maze Me Munyurangabo asinya ko nta bwumvikane bugezweho. Nyuma gato yuko ubwumvikane bunaniranye, hari tariki ya 08/06/2021, Me Munyurangabo yagiye gusinyira ko noneho ubwumvikane bushobotse, nyamara ntawe abwiye mu bavandimwe ba nyakwigendera ngo bongere bajyane nkuko bari bajyanye mbere. Umuryango wa nyakwigendera wandikiye Radiant Insurance Company iyimenyesha ko uwo avoka atari yatumwe gusinya kuko batumvikanye, we akaba yarabikoze kugiti cye no mu nyungu ze bwite, bityo ko ibyo yakoze bitahabwa agaciro. Kukijyanye n’indishyi mbangamirabukungu, uwajuriye avuga ko urukiko rwazitanze kandi zitari zikwiye kuko abazisaba batagaragaza ko nyakwigendera ariwe wari ubatunze kandi nta n’akazi yagiraga akaba yari akiri n’ingaragu akaba n’umunyeshuri muri kaminuza. Abaregwa bisobanura buvago Niyigena yari umwana w’umusore, ariwe usigaranye n’ababyeyi be bakuze, bivuze ko ari we wamenyaga ubuzima bwabo bwa buri munsi, agakemura ibibazo byabo, atagombye kwitabaza bakuru be, kandi no kuba muto ataribyo byasobanura ko umwana yaba imburamumaro, dore ko mu biraka by’ubugeni yakoraga yabonagamo amafaranga akamufasha kwirihira kaminuza, ko akora n’impanuka yari avuye mu nama ya consultance i Kabgayi, yasobanuraga ibyagombaga gukorwa kuri projet yariho itegurwa kandi yari kubonamo akazi, bigaragara ko yahakuye amafaranga agera ku 150,000Frw kandi akaba yaranagurishaga ibihangano by’ubugeni yakoraga akabona amafaranga afashishamo ababyeyi be. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Abunganira ababuranyi n’ababahagararira ntacyo bashobora gukora ngo cyemerwe iyo kirenze ububasha bahawe n’amategeko cyangwa kirenze ubutumwa bwabo, bityo kuba Radiant ivuga ko Me Munyurangabo yari afite ububasha bwo guhagararira abaregera indishyi nyamara nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko yari yahawe ububasha bwo guhagararira abaregera indishyi, uru rukiko rusanga ibyo yakoze birenze ubutumwa yahawe mu gihe cyose nta kimenyetso cyemeza ko yari yahawe ubwo butumwa bityo ibyo yakoze bitari mu butumwa yahawe akaba nta gaciro bifite. 2.Kuba nyakwigendera yari ingaragu kandi ababyeyi be bakaba badashobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso ko hari umushahara yakoreraga buri munsi washingirwaho habarwa indishyi ariko bakaba bagaragaza ko ariwe babanaga ndetse hakaba hari ibyo yakoraga nubwo bitamuhaga umushahara washingirwaho, ntabwo akwiye kwitwa imburamukoro kuko hari ibyo yashoboraga gukora bimuha amafaranga amutunga n’ababyeyi be bakuze yabanaga nabo buri munsi bityo ibivugwa na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd ko nta kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera wari ingaragu ariwe wari utunze umuryango we kandi afite n’abandi bavandimwe be ntibyahabwa ishingiro.

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3. Kumvikana mbere yo kurega ntibibangamira uregera indishyi kuba yaregera inkiko, bityo umuryango wa Niyigena wari wemerwe kuregera inkiko mu gihe cyose habayeho kutanyurwa. Ubujurire bwatanzwe na Radiant nta shingiro bufite; Imikirize y’urubanza RC 00720/2020/TGI/Nyge igumyeho. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 41 ryo kuwa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire yabangijwe n’impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri, ingingo ya 9. Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 86, 152. Itegeko N° 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/8/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango yaba yarasobanuwe, ingingo ya 255. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza [1] Nyagahakwa Jean Pierre, Mukandinda Susanne, Munganyinka Jeannine, Hakizimana Fabrice, Musengimana Jean Claude, Mutumwa Eliane, Niyonkuru Bruce, Nibigira Kelia, Ntakirutimana Cedric na Umugwaneza Olive bose bareze Radiant Insurance Company Ltd mu rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge aho basabaga urukiko gutegeka Radiant Insurance Company Ltd kwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yahitanye Niyigena Placide tariki ya 14/01/2020, ubwo moto TVS RE 988T yari itwawe na Twagirimana Emmanuel yagongaga Camion yari ifite plaque RAC 438F yari yahapfiriye, maze umugenzi yari itwaye ariwe Niyigena Placide akomereka bikomeye, bamugejeje kwa muganga CHUK ahita apfa, Nyagahakwa Jean Pierre na bagenzi be bose barega, bavuga ko nyuma yurwo rupfu rw’umuvandimwe akaba n’umwana wa bamwe, begereye Radiant Insurance Company Ltd, umwishingizi w’ikinyabiziga cyateje impanuka, bayisaba gutanga indishyi mu bwumvikane, ariko ubwumvikane ntibyashoboka kuko Radiant itemeraga gutanga indishyi mbangamirabukungu ku babyeyi ba nyakwigendera kandi bakuze, dore ko ariwe wabamenyaga mu buryo bw’imibereho, bagasaba Urukiko guha ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera indishyi mbangamirabukungu, n’indishyi z’akababaro ku babyeyi n’abavandimwe ba nyakwigendera no gusubizwa amafaranga bakoresheje mu gushyingura uwo muvandimwe wabo; [2] Radiant Insurance Company Ltd yarezwe yaburanye muri urwo rukiko ivuga ko nta ndishyi mbangamirabukungu abarega bahabwa kuko nta kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera Niyigena Placide yari atunze ababyeyi be, ko abo babyeyi bari bafite abandi bana bakuru benshi nyakwigendera akaba yari muto muribo, atagira akazi kandi akiri n’umunyeshuri, ko ibyemezo byatanzwe harimo “TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN’’, zatanzwe na Nzeyimana Patrick, zikemangwa kuko zitari mu byari byashyikirijwe umwishingizi mbere, ko zitananditsemo ko ibyo bakora byo gushushanya bizana umushahara cyangwa umusaruro uzwi, ahubwo ko bavuga gusa ko Niyigena Placide yari artiste mwiza kandi ibyo akaba atari byo bikenewe, avuga ko

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igereranya (estimation) ry’ibishushanyo bye byacurujwe mu mwaka wa 2018 na 2019 bihwanye na 1680$, ko izo nyandiko zitashingirwaho kuko zanditswe n’umuntu umwe ariko amakuru azikubiyemo akaba atandukanye, ko zitanagaragaza itariki zandikiweho; [3] Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaregewe rwemeje ko indishyi ziregwa Radiant Insurance Company Ltd zifite ishingiro ko ikwiye kwishyura Nyagahakwa Jean Pierre na Mukandinda Susanne, ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera Niyigena Placide, indishyi mbonezamusaruro zingana na 7.008.849 Frw, ikishyura Nyagahakwa Jean Pierre na Mukandinda Susanne indishyi z’akababaro zihwanye na 1.620.000Frw, kuri bombi no kwishyura Munganyinka Jeannine, Hakizimana Fabrice, Musengimana Jean Claude, Mutumwa Eliane, Niyonkuru Bruce, Nibigira Kelia, Ntakirutimana Cedric na Umugwaneza Olive (abavandimwe ba nyakwigendera) indishyi z’akababaro zihwanye na 4.320.000Frw kuri bose, ikishyura Nyagahakwa Jean Pierre na Mukandinda Susanne amafaranga ahwanye na 994.000Frw bakoresheje mu gushyingura no kugura ibyemezo, igasubiza abarega 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, 100.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 20.000Frw y’ingwate y’amagarama batanze barega; [4] Radiant Insurance Company Ltd ikaba itarishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza yarujuririye muri uru rukiko rukuru, mu mpamvu z’ubujurire zayo, ivuga ko urukiko rwisumbuye rwirengagije ko habayeho ubwumvikane, ko kuba na none urukiko rwisumbuye rwaragenye indishyi mbanyamirabukungu kandi nyakwigendera yari ingaragu, nta kigaragaza ko yari atunze umuryanngo we na cyane ko ababyeyi be bari bafite abana bakuru kuriwe benshi, bikaba bitumvikana uburyo ki ariwe wahiswemo ko yari atunze ababyeyi be kandi ariwe muto; [5] Me Mukamana Leonille uburanira abaregwa aribo Nyagahakwa Jean Pierre, Mukandinda Susanne, Munganyinka Jeannine, Hakizimana Fabrice, Musengimana Jean Claude, Mutumwa Eliane, Niyonkuru Bruce, Nibigira Kelia, Ntakirutimana Cedric na Umugwaneza Olive avuga ko ku byerekeye inzitizi y’ubwumvikane bwaba bwarabaye mbere yo kurega ko nta bwumvikane bwabayeho kuko avocat bari bajyanye muri uko kumvikana bakaba baratashye batemeye ubwumvikane, ariko uwo avocat yiha ububasha bwo gusubira kujya kumvikana atabitumwe n’abo yafashaga basabaga indishyi ari nayo mpamvu bamwihannye, naho ku byerekeye indishyi mbangamirabukungu Radiant ivuga ko zitagenerwa ababyeyi n’abavandimwe ba nyakwigendera ko zatangwa kuko ariwe wari usigaranye n’ababyeyi be, bivuze ko ariwe wamenyaga ubuzima bwabo bwa buri munsi, agakemura ibibazo byabo, atagombye kwitabaza bakuru be, nabo bibereye mu byabo bibazo n’ingo zabo, kandi no kuba muto ko ataribyo bisobanura ko umwana yaba imburamumaro, bagasaba ahubwo ko urukiko rwashingira ko hari amafaranga Niyigena Placide yinjizaga nkuko ibimenyetso bagaragaje bibisobanura, ikindi abaregwa bakagenerwa indishyi zijyanye no gukaraba batagenewe n’indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza n’igihembo cya avocat; II. IBIBAZO BIGARAGARA MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO. a. Ibibazo bigaragara mu rubanza. [6] Muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa inzitizi ijyanye no kumenya niba urukiko rwisumbuye rwarirengagije ko ko habayeho ubwumvikane hagati y’abareze na Radiant ko batagombaga

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kurega hashingiwe ku bwumvikane bari bemeranyijweho, gusuzuma niba urukiko rwisumbuye rutaragombaga kugena indishyi mbangamirabukungu, kumenya niba ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bufite ishingiro; b. Isesengura ry’ibibazo bigize urubanza. Kubirebana n’inzitizi ijyanye no kumenya niba urukiko rwisumbuye rwarirengagije ko habayeho ubwumvikane hagati y’abareze na Radiant ko batagombaga kurega hashingiwe ku bwumvikane bari bemeranyijweho; [7] Mu myanzuro ya Radiant Insurance Company Ltd iburanirwa na Me Nyirangirimana Asterie avuga mu kuburana mu rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Radiant yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego ishingiye ku kuba abarega bahagarariwe na avoka wabo Me Munyurangabo bemeye indishyi mu bwumvikane bityo isobanura ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 9 al 3 y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ko Radiant isanga nta mpamvu y'iki kirego kuko basaba icyo bemerewe bakanabisinyira mu bwumvikane, ahandi Radiant ishingira ibyo ivuga akaba ari ingingo ya 3 igika cya 4 y’iryo Teka rya Perezida ryavuzwe, Iteganya ko mu gihe hatabaye ubwumvikane ku buryozwe bw'impanuka, aribwo uwahohotewe ashobora gutanga ikirego mu rukiko, ko abaregera indishyi bavuze ko nta bwumvikane bwabayeho ko hakozwe transaction ebyiri iyo kuwa 04/06/2020 igaragaza ko nta bwumvikane bwagezweho aho Me Munyurangabo wabunganiraga muri ubwo bwumvikane yanditse ko nta bwumvikane bwagezweho, hakaba n’indi fiche de transaction yo kuwa 08/06/2020 yanditseho transaction aboutie yasinyweho na Me Munyurangabo, ko rero Me Munyurangabo yasubiye guhura n’umwishingizi ntawe abwiye, Urukiko mu gufata icyemezo ruvuga ko mu muhango wo kugerageza ubwumvikane ko Nyagahakwa na bagenzi be ko bajyanye na Me Munyurangabo ko byumvikana ko ubutumwa yari afite bwari ubwo kubunganira, ko rero Radiant itagaragaza ibimenyetso byerekana ko ubutumwa bwo kubunganira bwahindutse bukaba ubwo kubahagararira, Radiant ikaba inenga icyemezo cyafashwe n’urukiko kuri iyi nzitizi kuko Urukiko rwitiranyije ibintu bituma rufata icyemezo kitaricyo kuko atari Radiant yagombaga kubazwa ibimenyetso ahubwo ari abaregera indishyi, ko ari ukuvuga Radiant yagaragazaga ko Me Munyurangabo yari afite ubutumwa bwo guhagararira abaregera indishyi, ibyo Radiant ibihera ku kuba kuva dosiye yatangira ari Me Munyurangabo wabikoraga mw’izina ry’abaregera indishyi, ikindi kandi nihanarebwa no kuri fiche de transaction zigaragara muri dosiye kuwa 04/06/2020 yasinyweho gusa na Me Munyurangabo ntahagaragara umukono w’abaregera indishyi numwe ndetse na Fiche yo kuwa 08/06/2020 naho hasinyweho n’ubundi na Me Munyurangabo, ko aha ariho Radiant ihera igaragaza ko ahubwo abo baregera indishyi bavuga ko bari bahari mu muhango w’ubwumvikane wo kuwa 04/06/2020 akaba aribo bagomba gutanga ikimenyetso cy’uko bari bahari kuko Radiant yo isuzumye izo fiches ko arizo bimenyetso ko Me Munyurangabo yari abahagarariye, bivuze ko ibikorwa byose Me Munyurangabo yakoze mbere yo kuwa 08/06/2020 muri iyi dosiye byagumana agaciro kabyo, ibi Radiant ikaba ibishingira ku ngingo ya 87 igika cya 2 y’itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ivuga ko ibikorwa byakozwe na avoka mbere y’uko yigarikwa bigumana agaciro kabyo bikaba byagira n’ingaruka kuri bene urubanza, nubwo iyi ngingo ivuga urubanza ariko kuba avoka uvugwa muri iyi ngingo anemerewe kuba yahagararira abantu mu nzego zitandukanye arinayo mpamvu ibyaba byarakozwe atarigarikwa nabyo bigumana agaciro, ko ku bijyanye n’ibaruwa yo kuwa

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23/06/2020 ivuga ko abaregera indishyi batatumye avoka kubasinyira, Radiant yarayibonye ariko yasanze nta gaciro yayiha mugihe bigaragara ko uwasinye yari yahawe mandat yo kubahagararira kuko arinawe wandikiye Radiant asaba indishyi mu mwanya w’umuryango urega nkuko bigaragara mw’ibaruwa yo kuwa 02/03/2020, kuba rero ibyakozwe muri iyi dosiye ariwe wabikoze bigaragaza ko yari abifitiye uburenganzira bityo kuba kugeza kuwa 08/06/2020 Radiant itarigeze ibona ibaruwa ikura mu rubanza Me Munyurangabo kugeza asinyiye indishyi mw’izina ry’abo yari ahagarariye, Radiant isanga kuvuga ubu ko yasinye mw’izina rye bitahabwa agaciro kuko avoka yabikoze mu nyungu zabo abahagarariye, na cyane ko bamuhaye urubanza bamwizeye, ibyo ikaba ibishingira ku biteganywa n’íngingo ya 2 agace ka a, 46 na 47 y’Itegeko No 83/2013 ryo kuwa 11/09/2013 rishyiraho Urugaga rw’Abavoka mu Rwanda, rikanagena imitunganyirize n’imikorere byarwo, ko muri izi ngingo hagaragaza ko avoka yemerewe guhagararira umukiriya we yaba mu nkiko cyangwa mu zindi nzego kandi atatswe procuration Radiant ikaba isaba Urukiko kwemeza ko muri iyi dosiye habayeho ubwumvikane ko rero Urukiko rutagombaga kuregerwa ko abaregera indishyi bagomba kwishyurwa amafaranga bumvikanye angana na 5.355.200Frw; [8] Me Mukamana Leonille uburanira Abaregwa avuga ko iki kibazo kijyanye n’inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cyagiweho impaka, Abarega bagaragaje ko nta bwumvikane bwabayeho kuko tariki ya 04/06/2020, abavandimwe n’ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera bari hamwe na Me Munyurangabo Dominique bananiwe kumvikana na Radiant, maze Me Munyurangabo asinya ko nta bwumvikane bugezweho, ko iyo fiche de transaction non aboutie iri muri systeme, Abarega bagaragarije kandi Urukiko ko nyuma gato yuko ubwumvikane bunaniranye, hari tariki ya 08/06/2021, Me Munyurangabo yagiye gusinyira ko noneho ubwumvikane bushobotse, nyamara ntawe abwiye mu bavandimwe ba nyakwigendera ngo bongere bajyane nkuko bari bajyanye mbere cyangwa se bamwohereze, atanababwiye icyaba cyahindutse mu byari byananiranye, babyemera cyangwa batabyemera, ko ayo makuru nyuma ko Me Munyurangabo yaciye ruhinganyuma akajya gusinya, Umuryango wa Niyigena Placide wandikiye Radiant Insurance Company mu ibaruwa yo kuwa 23/06/2010, iyimenyesha ko uwo avoka atari yatumwe gusinya kuko batumvikanye, we akaba yarabikoze kugiti cye no mu nyungu ze bwite, bityo ko ibyo yakoze bitahabwa agaciro, uwo mu avoka nawe wunganiye umuryango wa Niyigena Placide muri transaction akaba yaragenewe kopi y’iyo nyandiko ariko ntiyabinyomoza, ko kugeza kandi ikirego gitangwa mu rukiko, nta gisubizo Radiant Insurance Company yahaye umuryango wa Niyigena Placide, ko ibi rero Radiant ivuga ngo muri transaction Me Munyurangabo yari abahagarariye, bagaragaje ko atari byo kuko bari kumwe, kandi kuba batarasinye hagasinya gusa Me Mulindangabo, byari bihagije, ntibyari ngombwa ko basinya bose uko bari baje kandi bari hamwe na avoka Ubafasha, ko iyi itaba impamvu rero yo kuvuga ko yari abahagarariye, ko nubwo kandi ariwe wanditse asaba indishyi, ntabwo ari cyo kibazo, ikibazo cyabaye ko yaje kurengera ubutumwa yari yahawe akiha gukora ibyo atatumwe, ko ibi kandi nawe ntiyigeze ahakana ko atabikoze, ntabwo ari Radiant ikwiye kubihakana mu mwanya we, kuba kandi Me Munyurangabo yarasinye kuri fiche de transaction zombi, abaregera indishyi ntibabihakana, ahubwo berekana ko ubwa mbere tariki ya 04/06/2020 nubwo bose bari kumwe mu rwego rwo kubunganira yasinyiye ko batunvikanye, kandi nibyo nabo bemeraga kuko bananiranwe ku ndishyi mbangamirabukungu ku babyeyi babanaga n’uwo mwana wazize impanuka, wari ubafatiye runini, naho kuri transaction ya kabiri, aho Radiant yongeyeho ibihumnbi ijana, Me Munyurangabo akumvikana na Radiant atabibwiye abo ikibazo kireba, akajya gusinyira ibyo batumvikanyeho, nkaho ibyo bihumbi ijana aribyo byari byatumye batumvikana, Abarega babibonyemo ubuhemu, rero basanze nta cyizere bakimugiriye kuko yari amaze kugaragaza ko

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akora ibyo batamutumye, biri mu nyungu ze gusa, ko Radiant iragaruka kandi ku ngingo ya 87 igika cya 2 y’itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, yaburanishije n’ubundi, ikavuga ko ibikorwa Me Munyurangabo yakoze mbere y’itariki ya 08/06/2020 bigumana agaciro, ariko ikiyibagiza ko Me Munyurangabo yari kumwe muri transaction n’abasabaga indishyi abunganira muri icyo gikorwa, ko atari abaharariye, ikiyibagiza kandi ko ibyo ivuga bishoboka gusa iyo atarengeje ububasha, naho ingingo ya 88 y’itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, nayo igashimangira ko “Umuntu ufite umuhagararira [hano Me Munyurangabo yarunganiraga muri transaction] mu rubanza ashobora kwanga kwemera ibyakozwe n’umuhagarariye cyangwa uwo yahaye urubanza wakoze ibirenze ububasha yahawe wagize uburiganya cyangwa wabangamiye inyungu ze’’, ko Me Munyurangabo yarengereye ububasha yari yahawe bwo kwunganira umuryango wa nyakwigendera Niyigena Placide, kuko yarenze ubwo kunganira yiha ubwo kuwuhagararira kandi abikora mu nyungu ze, arinayo mpamvu yamaze kubwamburwa akabyemera nta yandi mananiza kuko nawe yemeraga amakosa yakoze yo gukora ibyo atatumwe, ko izo mpamvu zose urukiko rwashingiyeho rwemeza ko iyi nzitizi yatanzwe na Radiant nta shingirio ifite, bakaba basaba n’urukiko rwajuririwe kwemeza ko nta shingiro ifite kuko urukiko rwa mbere ntaho rwibeshye cyangwa ngo rugire ibyo rwitiranya nkuko Radiant ibivuga; Uko uru rukiko rubibona. [9] Uru rukiko rusanga ku byerekeye iyi nzitizi y’ubwumvikane bwaba bwarabaye mbere yo kuregera urukiko rwisumbuye bwabaye hagati y’abaregera indishyi na Radiant, ujurira akavuga ko urukiko rutagombaga kwakira ikirego kubera ubwo bwumvikane ahubwo ko rwabyirengagije rukacyakira kandi kitaragombaga kwakirwa, rusanga mu ica ry’urubanza rujuririrwa urukiko rwisumbuye rwarasobanuye iby’iyo nzitizi muri aya magambo mu gika cya 11 na 12 cy’icyemezo kuri iyo nzitizi cyasomwe kuwa 21/09/2021 aho rwemeje ruti “[11] Urukiko rurasanga mu muhango wo kugerageza ubwumvikane wabaye ku wa 4/6/2020, NYAGAHAKWA Jean Pierre na bagenzi be, barajyanye imbere y’umwishingizi na Me MUNYURANGABO Dominique nk’umwunganizi wabo, bikaba byumvikana ko ubutumwa yari afite bwari ubwo kubunganira, kuko bari bahibereye. Rurasanga rero Radiant Insurance Company Ltd, itagaragaza ibimenyetso byerekana ko ubutumwa bwo kubunganira bwahindutse, bukaba ubwo kubahagararira, ku buryo Me MUNYURANGABO Dominique yari kujya mu bwumvikane wenyine ku wa 8/6/2020, akemeranya n’umwishingizi ku ndishyi zigomba gutangwa, badahari” naho igika cya [12] ruvuga ko “Urukiko rurasanga ibivugwa na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd ko n’ubundi izo ndishyi z‘ibangamirabukungu ku babyeyi ba nyakwigendera, batumvikanyeho ku nshuro ya mbere, n’ubundi batazikwiye, nta shingiro bifite, kuko ikiba kigambiriwe ari uko haba ubwumvikane, bakagira icyo babyemeranywaho. Rusanga kandi kuvuga ko Avoka atigeze yamburwa ububasha, nabyo bitahabwa ishingiro, kuko itagaragaza ko yari afite ubwo kubahagararira ngo bifatwe ko aribwo bwagumyeho, akaba aribwo yakoresheje”; [10] Uru rukiko rusanga abaregera indishyi muri izi manza bagaragaza ko ubwumvikane bwo kuwa 04/06/2020 bananiranwe kumvikana na Radiant kandi icyo gihe ko bari bajyanye na Me Munyurangabo wanasinye ku nyandiko yo kutumvikana ko ubwumvikane bwananiranye,

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bakavuga ko kuba yarasubiye inyuma akemeza ku tariki ya 08/06/2020 ko ubwumvikane bwemewe nyamara atabimenyesheje abari bamutumye, ariko kandi uru rukiko rubajije ababuranyi impamvu ubwumvikane bwari bwananiranye mbere abaregera indishyi bavuga ko aruko Radiant yangaga gutanga indishyi mbangamirabukungu, ibi Radiant ntabwo ibihakana kuko ari nayo mpamvu y’ubujurire ya kabiri muri uru rubanza, urukiko rukaba rwaza kureba niba ibyo baragombaga kubihabwa cyangwa se bataragombaga kubihabwa koko nk’impamvu yatumye ubwo bwumvikane bwa mbere bunanirana, kuba ubwo bwumvikane bwarabanje kunanirana ko aruko Radiant hari ibyo itemeranywagaho n’abasabaga indishyi, kuba Me Munyurangabo yaragiye gusinyira ibyo abamuhaye ububasha bahakana kurubu kandi bikaba bigaragara ko uyu avoka yandikiwe ko yihanwe kuko yarenze ku bubasha ariko kugeza Radiant iburana uru rubanza ntabwo igaragaza ko Me Munyurangabo yari yahawe ububasha bwo guhagararira abari bamusabye kubafasha kwishyuza izo ndishyi cyane ko ubu noneho ariyo ijurira ko ikwiye kugaragaza ubwo bubasha kugira ngo inzitizi yayo ihabwe ishingiro, ko mu gihe itayigaragaje ko itavuguruza ibyo abaregera indishyi bavuga ko bandikiye avocat wihaye ububasha bwo kubahagararira nyamara yari yahawe ububasha bwo kunganira cyane ko uyu avocat kugeza ubu ntacyo yasubije niba ahakana ko yari yahawe ububasha bwo guhagararira abari bamwiyambaje; [11] Ku bivugwa na Radiant ko atariyo yagombaga kubazwa ikimenyetso cyo guhagararirwa cyangwa kunganirwa kw’abaregaga bari bahagarariwe na Me Munyurangabo ariko uru rukiko rusanga iyo haje impaka zijyanye no kunganirwa ndetse uwari wahawe ubwo bubasha akabimenyeshwa ko yihaye ububasha bwo guhagarararira kandi ataribwo yahawe, ko uburanisha ingingo ivuga ko ububasha bwatanzwe n’uhakana ubundi bubasha ariwe ufite inshingano zo kugaragaza ubundi bubasha butemerwa n’uwabutanze, kuba Me Munyurangabo yarasinye kandi agasinya kubera ko hongewe ku ndishyi amafaranga 100.000Frw Radiant itagaragaza ko aricyo bapfaga cyane ko gusaba indishyi abazisabaga bagaragazaga ko bakwiye izo ndishyi mbangamirabukungu nyamara muri uko kutumvikana cyangwa kumvikana bigaragara ko izo ndishyi zitemewe ahubwo hongerewe amafaranga yo gushyingura gusa; [12] Uru rukiko rusanga kuba ubwa mbere nta bwumvikane bwabayeho abarega bakaba baraje kurega nyuma yuko avocat bari biyambaje akoze andi masezerano yo kumvikana ariko abarega batemera, kandi mu kurega kwabo hakaba hagaragara ko hari ibyo batsindiye bitandukanye n’ibyo Radiant itemeraga ko rusanga nabyo iyi nzitizi nubwo bigaragara ko uwasinye ntacyo yemeje ko yasinye nk’uwari watumwe kumvikana ahagarariye cyangwa yunganira abamutumye, rukaba rusanga nabyo byaba impamvu yo kudaha ishingiro inzitizi y’ubwumvikane yakozwe hashingiwe ku bintu bitumvikanyweho n’abatanga ubutumwa bwo guhagararirwa cyangwa kunganirwa, ariko usibye n’ibyo, rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 9 y’Itegeko Nº 41 ryo kuwa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire yabangijwe n’impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka, ivuga ko “Mbere yo gutangira kuregera indishyi mu nkiko, uwangtirijwe cyangwa abamuhagarariye bemewe n’amategeko, cyanwga abafite uburenganzira ku bintu bye, bishyuza indishyi uwishingiye uwateje impanuka, cyanwga byaba ngombwa ikigega cy’ingoboka ku binyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri bigendera ku butaka, binyuze mu bwumvikane bakamwereka inyandiko zose zemeza ishingiro ry’ibyo basaba. Inzira y’ubwumvikane ntishobora gutambamira uwangirijwe, abamuhagarariye cyangwa abafite uburenganzira ku bintu bye gutanga ikirego mu nkiko. Ubwo buryo bwo gukemura impaka mu bwumvikane bugenwa n’iteka rya perezida wa repubulika”, rusanga nubwo haba harabaye

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ubwumvikane mbere yo kurega iyi ngingo isobanura neza ko kumvikana bidatambamira urega kuba yatanga ikirego mu nkiko; [13] Kuba Me Munyurangabo yarihanwe kandi ntagire icyo avuga kuri ubwo bwihane bushingiye ko yaba yararenze ku bubasha yari yahawe n’abamwitabaje nyamara ingingo ya 86 y’itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ivuga ko “Abunganira ababuranyi n’ababahagararira ntacyo bashobora gukora ngo cyemerwe iyo kirenze ububasha bahawe n’amategeko cyangwa kirenze ubutumwa bwabo”, bityo ko Radiant ivuga ko yari afite ububasha bwo guhagararira abaregera indishyi nyamara nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko Me Munyurangabo yari yahawe ububasha bwo guhagararira abaregera indishyi ko uru rukiko rusanga ibyo yakoze birenze ubutumwa yahawe mu gihe cyose nta kimenyetso cyemeza ko yari yahawe ubwo butumwa butemerwa n’ababumuhaye kuko nawe atigeze ahakana ko yarenze imbibe z’ubutumwa yahawe; [14] Ku bivugwa na Radiant ko urukiko rwisumbuye rwirengagije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 87 y’itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iyemerera ko kwihana avocat bitavanaho ibyo yakoze nyamara uru rukiko rusanga ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 87 y’iryo tegeko bisobanura ko ari ubwihane bwakorewe mu rukiko haratangiye urubanza, aho iyo ngingo ivuga iti: “Umuntu ufite umuhagarariye mu rubanza ashobora, aho urubanza rwaba rugeze hose ruburanishwa, kwambura cyangwa guhindura ububasha yari yahaye umuhagarariye cyangwa uwo yahaye urubanza, kugira ngo yiburanire ubwe cyangwa ashyireho undi umuburanira. Uwahawe umwunganira, ashobora kumuhindura abyemerewe n’urukiko. Icyakora, mbere y’uko uwari wahawe ububasha mu buryo bwemewe abwamburwa, ibyo yakoze byose mu rubanza mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko kandi iyo atarengeje ububasha bigumana agaciro kabyo kandi bishobora kugira ingaruka kuri nyir’urubanza”, ko rusanga kandi ingingo ya 9 y’itegeko Nº 41 ryavuzwe haruguru ivuga neza ko kumvikana mbere yo kurega bitabangamira uregera indishyi kuba yaregera inkiko, iyo ngingo rero ya 87 y’itegeko Radiant ishingiraho rusanga itakwifashishwa muri izi manza kuko ubwihane butakorewe mu rukiko ahubwo ko byakozwe mbere y’itangwa ry’ikirego, bityo kuba ubwihane bwarabaye mbere yo kuregera inkiko kandi icyatumye avocat yihanwa kikaba cyarabaye impaka mu rubanza ko Radiant itashingira kucyo ababuranyi bashingiyeho bihana avocat warenze ku bubasha yahawe ngo bitumen ikirego kitakirwa mu gihe cyose Radiant itagaragaza ubwo bubasha buhuye no guhagararira abaregeraga indishyi cyane ko ubwihane butakorewe mu rukiko ahubwo ari ibya mbere y’ikirego, nta mpamvu ubwumvikane butakozwe mu zina ry’abatanze ubutumwa bukwiye kugumana agaciro, inzitizi rukaba rusanga nta shingiro yahabwa; [15] Uru rukiko rusanga ibivugwa na Radiant ko hashingiwe ku tegeko rigena urugaga rwa avocat ko nta avocat usabwa ububasha ariko kandi uru rukiko rusanga nta shingiro izo mvugo zahabwa cyane ko hashingirwa ko hari n’ushobora kwiha ububasha abeshya ko mu gihe cyose bigaragaye ko avocat yihaye ububasha atigeze ahabwa n’uwariwe wese warufite kwaka indishyi ntaho yahuriye n’umu avocat, ko nta mpamvu atasabwa ubwo bubasha kugira ngo ibyo akoze mu mwanya w’uwo yita ko yamutumye bihabwe agaciro; Ku byerekeye kumenya niba urukiko rwisumbuye rutaragombaga kugena indishyi mbangamirabukungu.

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[16] Mu mwanzuro wa Me Nyirangirimana Asterie uburanira Radiant Insurance Company Ltd avuga ko mu guca urubanza Urukiko rwageneye Nyagahakwa Jean Pierre na Mukandinda Suzana indishyi mbangamirabukungu zingana na 7.008.849Frw nyamara rutaragombaga kuzigena, ko kuri iyi ngingo mu rukiko rwisumbuye Radiant yireguye isobanura ko nta ndishyi mbangamirabukungu abaregera indishyi bahabwa kubera ko nyakwigendera yari ingaragu kandi nta kigaragaza ko yari atunze umuryanngo we na cyane ko ababyeyi be bari bafite abana benshi bikaba bitumvikana uburyo ki ariwe wahiswemo ko yari atunze ababyeyi be kandi ariwe muto (Nyakwigendera yavutse 1999, bakuru be aribo Kelia avuka 1996, Cedrick avuka 1994, Bruce avuka 1992, Olive avuka 1988, Claude avuka 1984, Fabrice avuka 1982, Jeannine avuka 1978, Eliane avuka 1980) akaba n’umunyeshuri, ikindi n’ibyemezo atanga aribyo “TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN” yatanzwe na Nzeyimana Patrick ubwazo zirakemangwa ari nayo mpamvu mu bimenyetso byashyikirijwe umwishingizi zitarimo muri zo handitsemo ko ibyo bakora byo gushushanya bitazana umushahara cyangwa umusaruro uzwi ngo ariko ngo Niyigena Placide yari umu artiste mwiza, ibi rero byo kuba yari artiste mwiza ko ataribyo byari bikenewe kuko atari recommendation y’akazi, Ikindi gitunguranye nuko handitswe indi nyandiko imeze nkayo ariko yo yongerwamo ngo estimation y’ibishushanyo bye byacurujwe mu mwaka wa 2018 na 2019 ko yakoreye amadolari 1680$, ko icyo Radiant inenga kuri izi nyandiko ziswe “To whom it may concern” zombi aruko zanditswe n’umuntu umwe ariko ibizikubiyemo bitandukanye zikaba kandi zitagaragaza italiki zandikiweho, ikindi kuvuga ko IVUKA ARTS yakoze estimation y’amafaranga yinjijwe ubwabyo bigaragaza ko nta kuri kurimo kuko niba harabayeho estimation aruko nta cyari gihari cyagendeweho kuko iyo biba bihari bari kwandika umubare hatabayeho ku estima, Radiant yakomeje yemeza ko nta kimenyetso kigaragaza uburyo nyakwigendera yari atunze umuryango we mu buryo buhoraho kandi yari umwana w’umuhererezi nawe utagira akazi kazwi atanagira umusaruro yinjiza kuko yari umunyeshuri, Radiant ikaba isaba ko rero harebwa ibyemejwe mu rubanza RCAA 0049/14/CS aho urukiko rw’Íkirenga rwemeje ko icyemezo cy’ubuyobozi bw’umurenge atari ikimenyetso gihamya ko abaregwaga muri urwo rubanza bahabwaga na nyakwigendera mu buryo buhoraho ibibatunga…..., kuba rero muri uru rubanza bitagaragazwa ariyo mpamvu nta ndishyi mbangamirabukungu zatangwa, Radiant nyuma yo kubona ko urukiko rwemeje ko ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera ko bahabwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu ngo kuko ngo kuba ari muto bitamubuza gutunga ababyeyi be kuko ngo biri mu nshingano ze nkuko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 255 y’Itegeko No 32/2016, ko kandi kuba Niyigena Placide yarabanaga n’ababyeyi be ko byumvikana ko yagiraga uruhare mu mibereho yabo, ko Radiant ikaba ijuririye urukiko rukuru kubera ko bigaragara ko urukiko rwisumbuye rwumvishe nabi ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida rigena indishyi, aho iteganya ko abahabwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu ari abamufiteho uburenganzira ku buryo bwumvikana ko aribo bari batunzwe na nyakwigendera, nta kimenyetso rero kidashidikanywaho cyumvikanisha ko ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera bari batunzwe nawe na cyane nkuko babigarutseho hejuru, ko nyakwigendera yari afite bakuru be bamurusha ubushobozi, Ikindi kandi Radiant isanga urukiko rwaravugishije ingingo ya 255 y’Itegeko No 32/2016 ryo kuwa 28/08/2016 ibyo itavuga, kuko iyo ngingo isobanura ko umwana aha ababyeyi be ibibatunga igihe babikeneye, ntibikiri inshingano nkuko byari mw’itegeko ryavuyeho. Radiant ikaba yanzura yemeza ko nta ndishyi mbangamirabukungu zigomba gutangwa hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 22 igika cya 1 y’Iteka rya perezida ndetse n’ingingo ya 255 agace ka nyuma y’Itegeko No 32/2016 ryo kuwa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango iteganya ko umwana agomba guha agaciro ababyeyi be akabubaha akabaha ibibatunga igihe babikeneye, ibi

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bikaba bitandukanye n’ibyari mw’itegeko ryabanje nkuko ibi byanagarutsweho mu rubanza RCA 00075/2020/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze kuwa 03/03/3021; [17] Me Mukamana Leonille uburanira Abaregera indishyi avuga ko ibyo Radiant ivuga ko izo ndishyi zitatangwa ngo kuko nyakwigendera Niyigena Placide yari ingaragu, kandi ko nta kigaragaza ko yari atunze umuryango we, ngo kandi afite bakurube benshi, ngo akaba n’umunyeshuli muri Universite, ko ibi babisobanuye mu iburanisha, bagaragaza ko yari umwana w’umusore, ariwe usigaranye n’ababyeyi be, bivuze ko ari we wamenyaga ubuzima bwabo bwa buri munsi, agakemura ibibazo byabo, atagombye kwitabaza bakuru be, nabo bibereye mu byabo bibazo n’ingo zabo, kandi no kuba muto ataribyo byasobanura ko umwana yaba imburamumaro, ko bagaragaje ko mu biraka by’ubugeni yakoraga yabonagamo amafaranga akamufasha kwirihira Université, ko akora n’impanuka yari avuye mu nama ya consultance i Kabgayi, yasobanuraga ibyagombaga gukorwa kuri projet yariho itegurwa kandi yari kubonamo akazi, bigaragara ko yahakuye amafaranga agera ku 150,000Frw, ikindi aruko ikigo yakoreragamo ibijyanye n’ubugeni yabashije kugurishamo ibihangano byamwinjirije amadollars 750$ ahwanye na 750,000Frw, bivuze ko moyenne mu kwezi yabonagamo urwunguko rungana nibura na 750,000x4/12=250,000Frw, ko ibi bisobanura ko imirimo ijyanye n’ubwenge bwe hari inyungu yamuzaniraga we n’umuryango we, bigatuma awufasha kuri buri cyose cy’ibanze mu bikenerwa mu rugo buri munsi, ko kuvuga rero ko atafashaga ababyeyi be ari ukwirengagiza ukuri mu rwego rwo gushaka kubabaza bariya babyeyi babima indishyi mbangamirabukungungu, nyamara itegeko rizibemerera; [18] Me Mukamana Leonille uburanira Abaregera indishyi akomeza yiregura ku bujurire avuga ko Urukiko rwisumbuye mu gika cya 8,9,10, rwasobanuye ishingiro ry’izo ndishyi nuko bemerewe kuzihabwa, ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 22 y’iteka rya perezida igika cya 4, ingingo ya 4 y’itegeko No 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryekeye itangwa ry’indishyi….., rukaba rwaranashingiye no ku ngingo ya 255 y’itegeko no 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/8/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango, rwasanze nyakwigendera Niyigena Placide yarabanaga n’ababyeyi mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi kuko nyine atari yakagira urugo rwe, ko rero ataburaga kugira uruhare ku mibereho yabo, bityo kumubura bikaba hari icyo byabavukije, bakaba bakwiye kubihererwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu, ko kuba rero Radiant itsimbarara mu kwanga gutanga indishyi ivuga ko nta kazi kazwi yagiraga cyangwa ko hatashingirwa no ku byemezo by’inzego z’ibanze ngo nkuko byavuzwe mu rubanza RCAA 00049/14/CS, ko aha Radiant ikwiye kumva ko ibi byemezo bitahawe ishingiro kuko muri uru rubanza ibyo byemezo by’inzego z’ibanze byari byatanzwe n’abavandimwe b’uwahitanywe n’impanuka bagasaba indishyi mbangamirabukungu, kandi itegeko ritaziteganya ku bavandimwe, ikindi babivugaho aruko niba abantu babana mu nzu, uburyo bafashanya mu buzima bwa buri munsi ntibitangirwa itangazo, bityo ko atari abaturanyi cyangwa abayobozi bakwiye kubibazwa, uretse ko n’uwo mwana atabikora, n’ubundi bose barabimenya, ko kuba bakwemeza nabwo ko afasha ababyeyi nta gitangaza kirimo, naho kuba Radiant ivuga ko umucamanza yavugishije ingingo ya 255 y’Itegeko No 32/2016 ibyo itavuga ko ataribyo, kuko nyine umwana ategetswe guha ababyeyi be ibibatunga igihe babikeneye, ese icyo gihe ni ikihe ku babyeyi bakuze, batagira akazi, badacuruza….?, Ese Radiant yabisobanura? Ntaho urukiko rwatandukiriye, kuba Niyigena Placide yarabanaga n’ababyeyi be kandi akora ibihangano by’ubugeni yakuragaho amafaranga, ntacyamubuzaga gufasha ababyeyi be mu mibereho yabo ya buri munsi, k obo basanga rero ubujurire bwa Radiant kuri iyi ngingo nta shingiro bwahabwa, bityo bagasaba Urukiko rwajuririwe ko ibirebana n’indishyi mbangamirabukungu biguma uko byemejewe mu rubanza rujulirirwa;

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Uko uru rukiko rubibona. [19] Uru rukiko rusanga mu guca urubanza rujuririrwa, mu bika bya 8 -12 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, urukiko rwashingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 22 y’iteka rya perezida rigena indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka, rwemeza ko nubwo uwazize impanuka yari ingaragu ariko ko yabanaga n’ababyeyi be ko ntacyamubuzaga kuba yagira icyo abaha hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 255 y’Itegeko N° 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/8/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango, rwemeza ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu ababyeyi b’uwazize impanuka bakwiye kuzigenerwa; [20] Uru rukiko rusanga Radiant ivuga ko ababyeyi ba nyakwigendera badakwiye kugenerwa izo ndishyi kuko ariwe mwana wari mutoya mu bandi babyawe na Nyagahakwa Jean Pierre na Mukandinda Susane nyamara Radiant ivuga izo mvugo gusa itagaragaje aho izishingira cyane ko nkuko urukiko rwisumbuye rwabisobanuye kandi bikaba byemerwa n’ingingo ya 22 y’iryo teka rya perezida, ko ababyeyi cyangwa abafite uburenganzira ku ndishyi b’uwazize impanuka bagenerwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu niyo bataba bashoboye kugaragaza ko uwahohotewe nta murimo n'umwe ushingiye ku mwuga yakoraga, cyangwa se yakoraga gusa imirimo yo mu rugo, cyangwa iyo abafite uburenganzira be badashobora kumenya neza umusaruro we nyakuri ukomoka ku murimo, itangwa ry'indishyi rizakorwa bahereye ku misaruro ivugwa muri iyo ngingo, rukaba rusanga kuba n’utagira umwuga uzwi yakoraga ko kuba abafite uburanganzira ku ndishyi mbangamirabukungu nta cyabuza ko ababyeyi ba Niyigena Placide wazize impanuka y’ikinyabiziga cyari gifite ubwishingizi muri Radiant batagenerwa indishyi nkuko zabazwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, bityo kuba uyu Niyigena Placide yari ingaragu nyamara nubwo ababyeyi be batashoboye kugaragaza ibimenyetso ko atakoreraga umushahara wa buri munsi washingirwaho habarwa izo ndishyi ariko kandi kuba bagaragaza ko ariwe babanaga ndetse hari ibyo yakoraga nubwo bitamuhaga umushahara washingirwaho ariko ko adakwiye kwitwa imburamukoro akaba hari ibyo yashoboraga gukora kandi bimuha amafaranga amutunga kimwe n’ababyeyi be yabanaga nabo buri munsi nk’umwana wari usigaranye n’ababyeyi be bakuze, dore ko nkuko ibyemezo by’amavuko bigaragaza ko ababyeyi bafite imyaka isaga 60, naho ku bivugwa na Radiant ko ingingo ya 255 y’Itegeko N° 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/8/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango yaba yarasobanuwe uko itari, ariko uru rukiko rusanga iyo ngingo iha inshingano umwana mu gutunga ababyeyi be kandi muri uru rubanza rusanga nta kigaragaza ko Niyigena Placide yari yararenze kuri izo nshingano zo gutunga ababyeyie be ngo bitumen batagenerwa indishyi basaba muri uru rubanza, bityo ibivugwa na Radiant bikaba bitahabwa ishingiro ariyo mpamvu rusanga ubujurire byayo kuri ikikibazo nta shingiro ifite. Ku byerekeye indishyi zisabwa na Radiant ndetse n’ubujurire bwuririye kubundi bwatanzwe n’Abaregera indishyi. [21] Me Nyirangirimana Asterie uburanira Randiant Insurance Copany Ltd avuga ko basaba kugenerwa igihembo cya avoka kingana na 1.000.000Frw, ni ukuvuga 500.000Frw yo ku rwego rwa mbere na 500.000Frw ku rwego rw'ubujurire kuko abaregera indishyi bayishoye mu manza nta mpamvu; [22] Me Mukamana Leonille uburanira abaregera indishyi ariko baregwa mu bujurire avuga ko indishyi z’igihembo cya avoka nta shingiro zahabwa kuko Radiant yajuriye nta mpamvu igaragara kuko ibyo yajuririye byasobanuwe mu iburanisha kandi ibyemejwe n’urukiko kuri izo ndishyi bishingiye ku mategeko, ahubwo buririye ku bujurire bwuririye ku bundi basaba ko

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indishyi zijyanye n’umuhango wo gukaraba zatangwa kuko ibyakoreshejwe kuri uwo munsi ari ingaruka z’urupfu rw’umwana wabo rwatewe n’impanuka y’ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe na Radiant, ko Radiant itakwihanukira ngo ivuge ko itazitanga ngo ntizateganyijwe, ko basaba kandi igihembo cya avoka kingana 1,000,000Frw ku rwego rwa mbere nkuko cyari cyasabwe, n’Igihembo cya avoka kingana na 500,000Frw kuri uru rwego na 300,000Frw y’ikukiranarubanza; [23] Mu kwiregura ku bujurire bwuririye ku bundi Me Nyirangirimana Asterie uburanira Radiant avuga ko indishyi basaba zijyanye n’ umuhango wo gukaraba ntaho ziteganijwe mu ngingo ya 21 y’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003, naho kubijyanye n’igihembo cya Avoka, kuba Radiant yarajuriye ari uburenganzira bwayo kandi n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza, ntabwo basobanura impamvu yayo kubo basubije muri system kandi avoka waje kuburana yagenewe igihembo cye; Uko uru rukiko rubibona. [24] Uru rukiko rusanga ku byerekeye indishyi zisabwa n’uwajuriye ariwe Radiant ariko uru rukiko rusanga nta shingiro zahabwa kuko ubwayo itsindwa ndetse n’ubujurire ikaba yarajuriye yirengagije ko ibyo isaba nta shingiro zabyo, ahubwo kuba yarajuririye urubanza irega Nyagahakwa Jean Pierre, Mukandinda Susanne, Munganyinka Jeannine, Hakizimana Fabrice, Musengimana Jean Claude, Mutumwa Eliane, Niyonkuru Bruce, Nibigira Kelia, Ntakirutimana Cedric na Umugwaneza Olive ko bigaragara ko igamije gukomeza gushora mu manza abaregwa, rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 152 y’itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, rusanga Radiant ikwiye kwishyura abaregwa mu bujurire indishyi zijyanye n’ikurikirana rubanza ku rwego rw’ubujurire zibazwe mu bushishozi bw’urukiko zingana n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000Frw) kuri bose, naho igihembo cya avocat uru rukiko rukaba rusanga ayo abaregwa bagenewe ku rwego rwa mbere, bahabwa ahwanye na kimwe cya kabiri cyayo nkuko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 33 y’amabwiriza N° 01/2014 agena ibihembo mbonera by’abavoka, ivuga ko “Mu bujurire, avoka w’urega n’uw uregwa bafite uburenganzira kuri ‟ kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihembo cyumvikanyweho ku rwego rwa mbere”, bityo Nyagahakwa Jean Pierre, Mukandinda Susanne, Munganyinka Jeannine, Hakizimana Fabrice, Musengimana Jean Claude, Mutumwa Eliane, Niyonkuru Bruce, Nibigira Kelia, Ntakirutimana Cedric na Umugwaneza Olive bakaba bakwiye kwishyurwa na Radiant igihembo cya avocat kingana na 250.000Frw; [25] Ku byerekeye ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi uru rukiko rusanga rwashingira ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 12 igika cya 1 y’itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ivuga ko “Urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda”, rukanashingira ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 21 y’iteka rya perezida Nº 31/2001 ryavuzwe haruguru ivuga ko “Amafaranga atangwa ku wapfuye hamwe n'ayo gushyirwa mu bitaro yakoreshejwe mbere y'urupfù ndetse hamwe, igihe bibaye ngombwa, n'amafaranga yo gutwara umurambo, yose azishyurwa habanje kwerekanwa ibimenyetso bihamye, hakurikijwe uko biteye mu buryo bwumvikana. Ayo mafaranga azishyurwa abazaba bayatanze, mu rugero rutarenze inshuro cumi umushahara muto ntarengwa wernewe n'amategeko”, ko kuba rero nta bimenyetso

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abaregwa mu bujurire bagaragaza bishimangira imvugo yabo y’ibyereke indishyi zijyanye no gukaraba baba barakoresheje nyuma yo gushyingura nyakwigendera kandi ngo bazihuze n’urupfu rwatejwe n’impanuka ko uru rukiko rusanga ntaho rwahera ruvuga ko ibyashingiweho n’urukiko rwisumbuye rugena indishyi byahinduka cyane ko bishingiye ku itegeko cyane Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, rigena bene izo ndishyi ku bazikwiye, ariko ntaho rwashingira rwemeza ko indishyi z’ibyakoreshejwe mu gukaraba zaba zifite ishingiro cyane ko abaregera indishyi hari indishyi zijyanye no gushyingura bagenewe mu rubanza rujuririrwa kandi uru rukiko rukaba rusanga zikwiye kandi zihagije; III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [26] Rwemeje kwakira ubujurire bwatanzwe na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd ariko rubusuzumye rusanga nta shingiro bufite. [27] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RC 00720/2020/TGI/Nyge rwaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kuwa 13/10/2021 idahindutse mu ngingo zayo zose. [28] Rutegetse Radiant Insurance Company Ltd kwishyura Nyagahakwa Jean Pierre, Mukandinda Susanne, Munganyinka Jeannine, Hakizimana Fabrice, Musengimana Jean Claude, Mutumwa Eliane, Niyonkuru Bruce, Nibigira Kelia, Ntakirutimana Cedric na Umugwaneza Olive, indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza ku maherere zingana n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000Frw) ndetse n’igihembo cya avocat kingana n’ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo itanu (250.000Frw) kuri bose byo ku rwego rw’ubujurire, yiyongera ku yagenwe ku rwego rwa mbere. [29] Rutegetse ko ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd ijurira ahwanye na 40,000Frw itayasubizwa kubera ko ahwanye n’amagarama y’ibyakoreshejwe muri uru rubanza.